Relevant bibliographies by topics / Information packaging

Academic literature on the topic 'Information packaging'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Information packaging"

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Farmer, Lesley S. J. "Information Packaging Editorial." Education Libraries 29, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/el.v29i1.218.

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Eschke, K. R. "Packaging information system." Packaging Technology and Science 8, no. 3 (May 1995): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.2770080304.

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Jitcă, Doina. "Information packaging correlates of semantic information structure categories." Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/bwpl.22.1.1.

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This paper presents an Information Structure (IS) model at the information packaging (IPk) level and its usage in utterance partitioning and in explaining semantic IS category realizations at the pragmatic level. The IPk model proposes a hierarchical view of F0 contours that transforms utterances into binary contrast unit (CU) hierarchies. CUs have binary IPk partitions with two independent and overlapping structures and a nuclear element which project its IPk functions to the whole units it belongs to. Two nuclear accent identification rules are formulated in this paper in order to be used in decoding IPk partition hierarchy by F0 contour analysis. In the second part of the paper several intonational contours of English sentences, having different semantic IS events, are interpreted by correlating semantic IS analysis results with those of the IPk model-based analysis. By decoding IPk structure and functional constituents from F0 contours we can advance our knowledge about the relationship between prosody and intonational meaning.
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Choi, Bulim, and Kang-Dae Lee. "Packaging as an Offline Method to Share Information: Evidence from the Food and Beverage Industry in the Republic of Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 6327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226327.

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With the growing participation by diverse stakeholders in the total flow of products, as seen with supply chains and logistics, it is becoming increasingly complicated to decide what information is to be shared and who is to be a partner. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of packaging as an offline method to share information in the total channel. This is because packaging improves communication among stakeholders and is normally part of the first contact between them and the product. Thus, it has the strategic potential to share product information that meets stakeholders’ needs. To accomplish this objective, we built a research framework that depicts four hypotheses and tested it with structural equation modeling (SEM). Data were collected by surveys and measured for statistical analysis. After identifying the role of packaging, we showed nine specific related variables and the information’s perceived effects on stakeholders and their directions and relative values. This will help future researchers to discuss packaging’s extended roles, the needs of information separation, and its priority to be shared to help executives develop packaging strategies as an offline means to share information. Additionally, as packaging is considered to be an information generator, it gives participants the opportunity to extend its roles and to assign additional information to the product along the offline flow of goods from manufacturers to end users.
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Wade, Anne, and Chris Bober. "Resources on the Net: Information Packaging." Education Libraries 29, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/el.v29i1.221.

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&NA;. "Etanercept packaging and prescribing information updated." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 823 (October 2000): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200008230-00001.

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Vallduví, Enric. "Detachment in Catalan and information packaging." Journal of Pragmatics 22, no. 6 (December 1994): 573–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(94)90031-0.

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Hendriks, Herman. "Information Packaging: From Cards To Boxes." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 6 (August 15, 1996): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v6i0.2765.

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In his work on information packaging-i.e., the structuring of propositional content in function of the speaker's assumptions about the hearer's information state­ Vallduví (1992, 1993, 1994) identifies the informational primitives <it>focus</it>, <it>link</it> and <it>tail</it>, which are adapted from the traditional focus/ground and topic/comment ap­proaches, and argues that the exploitation of information states of hearers by the information-packaging strategies of speakers reveals that these states have at least the internal structure of a system of Heimian file cards: links, which correspond to what are traditionally known as topics, say <it>where</it>-on what file card-the focal information goes, and tails indicate <it>how</it> it fits there. Since there are various reasons for not believing this, the present paper proposes to model information states as Kampian discourse representation structures, without locations. This requires and leads to a different perspective on the function of links. They signal non-monotone anaphora: their discourse referent Y is anaphoric to an antecedent discourse marker X such that X ? Y. This idea will be shown to subsume 'non-identity' anaphora, contrastive stress, pronoun referent resolution, and restrictiveness of relatives and adjectives.
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&NA;. "Etanercept packaging and prescribing information updated." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1259 (October 2000): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200012590-00055.

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Dunckley, Matthew, Shahar Ronen, Ealan A. Henis, Simona Rabinovici‐Cohen, Petra Reshef, Esther Conway, and David Giaretta. "Using XFDU for CASPAR information packaging." OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650751011048452.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Information packaging"

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Kubon, Petr Pp. "Information packaging revisited." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/NQ51885.pdf.

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Kumpatla, Srinivasarao. "Optoelectronic devices and packaging for information photonics." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2271.

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This thesis studies optoelectronic devices and the integration of these components onto optoelectronic multi chip modules (OE-MCMs) using a combination of packaging techniques. For this project, (1×12) array photodetectors were developed using PIN diodes with a GaAs/AlGaAs strained layer structure. The devices had a pitch of 250μm, operated at a wavelength of 850nm. Optical characterisation experiments of two types of detector arrays (shoe and ring) were successfully performed. Overall, the shoe devices achieved more consistent results in comparison with ring diodes, i.e. lower dark current and series resistance values. A decision was made to choose the shoe design for implementation into the high speed systems demonstrator. The (1x12) VCSEL array devices were the optical sources used in my research. This was an identical array at 250μm pitch configuration used in order to match the photodetector array. These devices had a wavelength of 850nm. Optoelectronic testing of the VCSEL was successfully conducted, which provided good beam profile analysis and I-V-P measurements of the VCSEL array. This was then implemented into a simple demonstrator system, where eye diagrams examined the systems performance and characteristics of the full system and showed positive results. An explanation was given of the following optoelectronic bonding techniques: Wire bonding and flip chip bonding with its associated technologies, i.e. Solder, gold stud bump and ACF. Also, technologies, such as ultrasonic flip chip bonding and gold micro-post technology were looked into and discussed. Experimental work implementing these methods on packaging the optoelectronic devices was successfully conducted and described in detail. Packaging of the optoelectronic devices onto the OEMCM was successfully performed. Electrical tests were successfully carried out on the flip chip bonded VCSEL and Photodetector arrays. These results verified that the devices attached on the MCM achieved good electrical performance and reliable bonding. Finally, preliminary testing was conducted on the fully assembled OE-MCMs. The aim was to initially power up the mixed signal chip (VCSEL driver), and then observe the VCSEL output.
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Dahl, Emil. "MOSFET Packaging for Low Voltage DC/DC Converter : Comparing embedded PCB packaging to newly developed packaging." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165429.

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This thesis studies the options of using PCB embedding bare die power MOSFET and new packaging of MOSFET to increase the power density in a PCB. This is to decrease the winding losses in an isolated DC/DC converter which, according to "Flex Power Modules", can be done by improving the interleaving between the layers of the transformer and/or decreasing the AC loop. To test the MOSFET packaging two layout are made from a reference PCB, one using embedded MOSFET and the other using the new packaging. The leakage induction and winding losses are simulated and if they are lower compared to the reference PCB prototypes are manufactured. The simulated result is that PCB embedded MOSFET decrease the leakage induction but the winding loss is higher. With the new packaging the leakage induction is higher and the winding loss has linear characteristics. Only the PCB with the new MOSFET packaging is made because the MOSFET die gate pad is too small for the PCB manufacturer to make a via connection to it. The PCB is tested that it operates as a DC/DC converter with a 40-60 V input and a 12 V output. The PCB is put on a test board in a wind-tunnel to test its characteristics under different wind speeds, input voltage and loads. The result is that the PCB has a higher efficiency than the reference PCB but it has worse thermal resistance. Further development of the design needs to be made to improve the thermal resistance. Using new packaging is a way to continue the development of power converter with lower efficiency but embedding MOSFET needs a less complicated manufacturing process before there is any widespread usage.
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Viström, Magnus. "Customised information on packaging : driving forces and logistical aspects." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168.

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This thesis work is divided into two parts that relate to each other. The first part investigates driving forces and limiting factors in the customisation of information on packaging and the second part focuses on how the customisation task should be performed in order to obtain high productivity and efficient logistics. Opportunities with hybrid printing solutions where conventional technology is combined with digital printing are discussed.The first of the included papers talks about the driving forces and limiting factors in the customisation of information on packaging and focuses on marketing aspects and consumer value. The second paper investigates the logistical aspects of using digital printing to add information on pre-printed packaging, with the primary focus on the opportunities to reduce changeover time and printing form costs. The third paper investigates how digital printing can be integrated into a packaging line and identifies critical productivity related parameters. These three papers are analysed together in this report, giving input to conclusions about the driving forces and limiting factors in the customisation of information on packaging and how the customisation task should be performed to obtain high productivity and efficient logistics. Hence, this thesis work does not originate solely in one discipline. Digital printing technology, logistics and marketing aspects are all considered to draw conclusions.

It is shown that it is possible to obtain marketing advantages, fulfill market demands better, get increased consumer value and reduced costs by using a hybrid printing solution. There exists at the same time a number of limiting factors, such as print quality demands, additional costs and reliability issues that are crucial to consider before concluding whether or not customisation of information on packaging would be successful in any given business scenario.

Different scenarios for where the customisation task can be inserted into a value chain are defined and discussed. Explicit studies of one of the scenarios are made. This scenario is defined as having a customisation task inline in a packaging line. The other scenarios, customisation at the packaging producer and customisation at the wholesaler/retailer, are not explicitly investigated, but it has been possible to discuss these scenarios as well through the research results obtained. The results show that there are factors that point towards the scenario where digital printing is performed at the producer as being the most beneficial. A number of critical productivity related factors for this scenario are identified in paper III, which gives guidelines on how to obtain high productivity when a digital printing task is integrated into a packaging line. It is finally shown that it is possible to obtain high delivery service and efficient logistics by using a hybrid printing solution. It is, however, of crucial importance that possible drawbacks be considered in order to accurately conclude whether a hybrid printing solution will be successful or not.

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Viström, Magnus. "Customised information on packaging : driving forces and logistical aspects /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168.

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Won, Seahwa. "Colour information in design : understanding colour meaning in packaging design." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12472/.

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Colour is a powerful visual cue that affects consumer brand choice. Although there is an obvious and recognised value in the use of colour information in design, the literature demonstrates that colour information is an underexplored area that has not yet been addressed in detail by design research either practically or theoretically. Moreover, colour crosses various disciplines; due to its multi-disciplinary nature, it is not clear whether colour information is being effectively utilised in design. The aim of this study was to identify which types of colour information are useful in packaging, and to suggest a prototype tool (at concept level) to deliver this useful colour information to design professionals. An analysis of the relevant literature revealed 13 types of colour information which were then selected as basis for the study. Subsequently, the research design consisted of two phases. The first phase was exploratory in order to gain rich insight into the characteristics of useful colour information through interviews, an online survey, a colour meaning experiment, a colour meaning framework, and a colour meaning case study. The second phase was practice-based. Based on the informed exploration from the early studies, a web-based colour tool prototype, referred to as the CMCW (colour-meaning-centred website), was created, refined, and tested. The primary contribution of this study stems from an understanding of colour information to support design professionals; the identification of the five types (harmony, perception, meaning, psychology and printing) and the characteristics of useful colour information; and the formation of a colour-meaning framework and colour-meaning web tool. The secondary contribution of this study is the methodological approach undertaken that was used to understand the relationship between colour meaning and context by conducting a design-focused colour experiment. Research evidence highlights the importance and value of colour meaning information in design. The insight from this work will help researchers, design professionals, and colour-tool developers to make informed decisions on what they should focus on, how they should do so, and why. This will facilitate better provisions and uptake of useful colour information for design professionals in the design process and strategy fields. The framework also could support understanding of colour design practice in an analytic way, and be employed as a research tool in various design- or marketing-related research to investigate and analyse colour.
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Danford, Richard K. "Preverbal accusatives, pronominal reduplication, and information packaging : a diachronic analysis of Spanish /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402957196957.

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Winkle, Claudia [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Mair. "Non-canonical structures, they use them differently : : information packaging in spoken varieties of English." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1122646925/34.

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Tsai, Yuan-Hao. "Developing BIM-enabled Work Packaging with Field Sensing for Information Flow Improvement in Complex Projects." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/85008.

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This research aims to develop an innovative data environment to improve the information flow in complex projects. The data environment leverages the smart sensing technology and BIM to collect site information, and then harnesses information from site and stakeholders through a BIM-enabled work packaging approach to strengthen the linkages among project information. To apply the applications throughout the project lifecycle, an integrated framework of common data environment is established to accommodate all sources of data.
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Bougatfa, Sonia. "Les effets des attributs du packaging promotionnel sur les intentions comportementales d'achat du consommateur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0448.

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La question des effets des actions promotionnelles sur la perception et sur l’intention d’achat du consommateur a marqué son emprunte dans la littérature. Généralement, les chercheurs l’ont traitée de deux manières. Certains d’entre eux ont étudié l’influence globale de la promotion sur le consommateur. D’autres ont exploré l’influence des techniques promotionnelles sur le consommateur. En revanche, jusqu’à présent, le packaging promotionnel n’a pas fait l’objet de véritables investigations dans la littérature. Ce travail tente alors (1) d’explorer ce volet de la promotion, (2)identifier aussi les attributs du packaging promotionnel qui interviennent dans le traitement de la promotion et (3) vérifier l'existence ou non d'un packaging promotionnel efficace en termes d'intentions comportementales. A la lumière de ces objectifs nous aboutirons à notre but principal de notre recherche soit : expliquer les effets du packaging promotionnel sur l'attitude et sur les intentions comportementales du consommateur
In the context of sales promotions, promotional packaging – that is, the packaging of promoted products- reveals as one of the most relevant elements that retailers and brands work on to make the products more attractive and stimulate consumer’s purchase intention. While research on the topic is lacking, this research aims to:1/ to propose a theoretical framework allowing the identification of the attributes of the promotional packaging which leads to a definition of the notion of promotional packaging.2/to study the effects of the perceived value of the promotion (through promotional packaging) on ​​the attitude towards the promotional packaging and on the consumer's purchasing intentions. Promotional packaging, which has been included in the study survey, is based on a study conducted on 145 promotional packagings offered by a French distributor in 2013. Based on a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), the existence of 6 main types promotional packaging is revealed.3/to check if there is a promotional packaging more efficient compared to others in terms of relations between the promotion's perceived value , attitude and behavioral purchase intentions.The results of the study conducted with 299 consumers confirm the existence of effects of the perceived value of the promotion materialized by the promotional packaging on the attitude towards promotional packaging and the behavioral purchase intentions of the product in promotion. . Theoretical, methodological and managerial contributions are then discussed
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Books on the topic "Information packaging"

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Waight, Desmond. Croner's hazard information and packaging. Kingston upon Thames: Croner, 1997.

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Smit, N. FYI: Theory and typology of information packaging. [S.l]: [s.n.], 2010.

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Grenoble, Lenore A. Deixis and information packaging in Russian discourse. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 1998.

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Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Corrugated containers & packaging: 97/98 technical information papers. Atlanta: TAPPI, 1997.

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Leafgren, John. Degrees of explicitness: Information structure and the packaging of Bulgarian subjects and objects. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2002.

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Leafgren, John. Degrees of explicitness: Information structure and the packaging of Bulgarian subjects and objects. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2002.

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Molded pulp egg filler flats from Canada: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-201 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1985.

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Becnel, Philip. Principles of investigative documentation: Creating a uniform style for generating reports and packaging information. Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas, 2012.

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Müller, Jürgen. A Real-Time In-Memory Discovery Service: Leveraging Hierarchical Packaging Information in a Unique Identifier Network to Retrieve Track and Trace Information. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Instruments, Great Britain Parliament House of Lords Joint Committee on Statutory. Thirty-ninth report of session 2001-02: Chemicals (hazard information and packaging for supply) regulations 2002. London: Stationery Office, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Information packaging"

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Aarts, Bas. "Information Packaging." In English Syntax and Argumentation, 259–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60580-1_15.

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Collins, Peter. "Information-packaging constructions." In Varieties of English Around the World, 293–314. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g39.17col.

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Ishikawa, Masataka. "Diachronic Syntax and Information Packaging." In Historical Linguistics 1989, 187. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.106.15ish.

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Yuan, Yan, and Le Cao. "Information Search Software for Cushion Packaging Design." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 725–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40633-1_90.

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Tamani, Nouredine, Patricio Mosse, Madalina Croitoru, Patrice Buche, and Valérie Guillard. "A Food Packaging Use Case for Argumentation." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 344–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13674-5_31.

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Liu, Yang, and Thanh Vinh Vo. "A Fast Machine Vision for Automated Packaging." In Electrical, Information Engineering and Mechatronics 2011, 719–26. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2467-2_85.

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Wale, Jeffrey. "Packaging prenatal tests and information for pregnant women." In Law, Regulation and Governance in the Information Society, 181–96. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242987-11.

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Bilbao, Sonia, Adelaida Lejarazu, and Jesús Herrero. "Dynamic Packaging Semantic Platform for Tourism Intermediaries." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2010, 617–28. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99407-8_51.

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Daoud, Mouna Karoui, and Imene Trabelsi Trigui. "Smart Packaging: Consumer’s Perception and Diagnostic of Traceability Information." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 352–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30874-2_28.

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Schumacher, Michael, and Jean-Pierre Rey. "Recommender systems for dynamic packaging of tourism services." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2011, 13–23. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0503-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Information packaging"

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Primeau, Stephen J. "An Update on RAMPAC.COM: The Department of Energy’s Website for Information on Radioactive Material Packaging." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2781.

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The Department of Energy’s RAMPAC (Radioactive Material Packaging) website is an all-in-one source of information on shipping containers for radioactive materials. Inaugurated at www.rampac.com in 1997, it has as a major feature a searchable database of packagings certified by DOE or the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for domestic shipments, or by the Department of Transportation for international shipments, or by the Department of Transportation for international shipments. Scanned images of all current DOE and NRC Certificates of Compliance and DOT Certificates of Competent Authority are available for viewing or printing. Recent additions to the website include the Safety Evaluation Reports for DOE-certified packagings, a Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) Completeness Checklist, expanded regulatory guidance information, and a list of current DOT exemptions with DOE as the grantee.
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Spasov, Krasimir. "PACKAGING INFORMATION OR INFORMATION PACKAGING: THE BULGARIAN EXPERIENCE OF GOOD EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.0910.

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Huda, Miranti, Lutfi Atmaji, Cahyaning Nursyifani, and Gadis Febriani. "Effective Packaging Information Modelling using QR Code." In International Conference on Recent Innovations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011244100003376.

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Fainman, Yeshaiahu, Fang Xu, Rong-Chung Tyan, Pang Chen Sun, Joseph E. Ford, Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy, and Axel Scherer. "Multifunctional diffractive optics for optoelectronic system packaging." In Optical Information Science and Technology, edited by Andrei L. Mikaelian. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.302480.

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Zhao, Huihuang, Yaonan Wang, and Yaqi Sun. "Research on BGA solder joint two-dimensional quality information extraction." In 2012 13th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology & High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept-hdp.2012.6474840.

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Duan, Chengrui, Hongliang Xing, and Xiaodan Li. "Packaging Design in Conservation-Minded Society." In 2015 International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meici-15.2015.298.

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"General information." In 2014 9th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2014.7048342.

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"Information page." In 2011 6th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2011.6117187.

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"General information." In 2013 8th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2013.6706616.

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"General information." In 2017 12th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2017.8255888.

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Reports on the topic "Information packaging"

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Donnelly, Justin. Warfighter's Information Packaging (WIP). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402550.

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Kelleher, D. M., R. L. Shipp, and J. D. Mason. PRIDE Surveillance Projects Data Packaging Project Information Package Specification Version 1.1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009119.

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Kelleher, D. M., R. L. Shipp, and J. D. Mason. PRIDE Surveillance Projects Data Packaging Project, Information Package Specification Version 1.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/973809.

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Lembert, Michael, Kristi Cooper-Pabros, Warren Comerford, Abiy Alemayahu, Fernandito Arroyo, Stephen Hammond, Ivor Kesic, Rie Matsui, Scott Ewan, and Jannika Kremer. Electronic product information Implementation and solutions overview from a packaging perspective. BioPhorum, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46220/2021ff003.

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Suleman, Fatima. Do additional services provided by pharmacists reduce healthcare costs or the demand for healthcare? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170113.

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The role of pharmacists includes dispensing medication, and the packaging and compounding of prescriptions. But over the last two decades these responsibilities have expanded to include ensuring the proper use of medication as well as identifying, preventing and resolving drug-related problems. Pharmacists also promote health services and provide educational information.
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Connors, Caitlin, Laura Malan, Murel Esposito, Claire Madden, Nefeli Trikka, Mel Cohen, Faun Rothery, et al. UK Public’s Interests, Needs and Concerns Around Food. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ihw534.

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This qualitative and quantitative research explored UK consumer views and priorities in relation to our responsibilities around food hygiene and safety, but also around wider interests the public see critical in shaping their food choices and lives including: health and nutrition environment and ethics price quality and convenience consumer versus business power potential food futures The top priorities for consumers, and where they would like action taken on their behalf, are around ensuring: hygiene and safety standards are maintained or strengthened equitable access to safe, healthy, affordable food easy informed decision making trustworthy food information In the context of the UK, they would like to ensure farmers and UK agriculture are protected and that locally produced food is accessible. In the wider context of the system, consumers would like action on animal welfare and waste (food and packaging), and in the long term a steer towards fair, ethical and sustainable food systems.
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Cairo, Jessica, Iulia Gherman, and Paul Cook. The effects of consumer freezing of food on its use-by date. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ret874.

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The current Food Standards Agency consumer guidance states that consumers can freeze pre-packed food right up to the “use-by” date and, once food has been defrosted, it should be consumed within 24 hours. This strategic review has collated relevant data to determine whether there is an increased risk in relation to freezing ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods on the use-by date compared to the day before the use-by date. The review has focused on how the shelf-life of a food is determined and the effects of freezing, thawing and refrigeration on foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. In the UK, food business operators are responsible for setting the safe shelf-life of a food which, in practice, should take into consideration the consumer habits, as well as the factors affecting shelf-life, such as food product characteristics, food processing techniques, transport, retail and domestic food storage temperatures, and type of packaging. Some countries, such as Ireland, New Zealand and Canada specifically recommend including safety margins within shelf lives. This is used to maintain brand integrity because it ensures that the food is consumed in its optimum condition. The FSA has collaborated with other organisations in the production of several guidance documents; however, there is no explicit requirement for the consideration of a margin of safety when setting shelf-life. There is also no legal requirement in the UK to consider a safety margin when setting shelf-life. According to regulations, pathogens should not be present in sufficient levels to cause foodborne illness on the use-by date, as food should still be safe to eat on that day. Given that these requirements are met, the risk assessed in this report arises from the processes of freezing, thawing and subsequent refrigerated storage for a further 24 hours, and the potential for these to increase pathogen levels. In this review, it was found that there is a risk of additional growth of certain pathogens during the refrigerated storage period although the impact of freezing and thawing on the extent of this growth was not readily evident. This risk would relate specifically to ready-to-eat foods as cooking of non-ready-to-eat foods after defrosting would eliminate pathogens. This report explores the potential issues related to consumer freezing on the use-by date and identifies additional information or research required to understand the risks involved. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest a significant change in risk between consumers freezing ready-to-eat food on the use-by date compared to freezing the food on the day before the use-by date. Specific areas that merit further research include the risks due to low temperature survival and growth of L. monocytogenes. There is also a lack of research on the effects of freezing, defrosting and refrigeration on the growth and toxin production of non-proteolytic C. botulinum, and the growth of Salmonella during domestic freezing and thawing. Finally, more information on how food business operators set shelf-life would enable a better understanding of the process and the extent of the safety margin when determining shelf-life of ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Joint Expert Group on Food Contact Materials Interim Position Paper on ocean bound plastic. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kdy447.

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The FSA and FSS have become aware of the use of recycled plastic food contact applications that are in part, or fully, fulfilled using so called “ocean-bound” plastic. As this term has been observed to be a relatively new concept in food contact applications a full review of whether plastic material sourced from the open environment (ocean, ocean-bound, land) can be utilised in food packaging, either directly or behind a functional barrier, is currently being undertaken by the FSA. As part of its full review, the FSA and FSS invites submissions from industry, the individuals as consumers, or interested parties, including those with the relevant science expertise to submit evidence on this issue. We are particularly interested in understanding how operators propose to, or currently, carry out their own risk assessment of the safe use of these materials as a food contact material, particularly when sourcing from countries whose regulatory standards and waste management strategies differ to those of the UK and/or information on previous use and/or misuse are less certain. In addition, we would like to know how full traceability along the supply chain is ensured.
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