Journal articles: 'Information marks'

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Eisenschitz, Tamara. "Trade marks." Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (December 1994): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555159402000606.

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Showalter, Catherine E., and Rachel Hayes-Harb. "Unfamiliar orthographic information and second language word learning: A novel lexicon study." Second Language Research 29, no. 2 (April 2013): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658313480154.

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Recent research indicates that knowledge of words’ spellings can influence knowledge of the phonological forms of second language (L2) words when the first and second languages use the same orthographic symbols. It is yet unknown whether learners can make similar use of unfamiliar orthographic symbols. In this study we investigate whether native English speakers use orthographic tone marks to help them associate lexical tone with new L2 words? Native English speakers with no knowledge of Mandarin were assigned to ‘Tone Marks’ or ‘No Tone Marks’ word learning groups. During a word learning phase, they learned to associate Mandarin nonwords varying in lexical tone with orthographic forms (written in pinyin with/without tone marks) and pictured ‘meanings’. In Experiment 1, participants were asked whether a picture associated with, for example, tone 1 matched an auditory form containing tone 2. Tone Marks participants outperformed No Tone Marks participants, suggesting that the availability of unfamiliar orthographic symbols helped them associate lexical tone with the new words. In Experiment 2, the test involved matching an orthographic representation and an auditory word. Tone Marks participants performed above chance, while No Tone Marks participants did not, indicating that Tone Marks participants learned the correspondences between auditory tones and tone marks to some extent. We conclude that the presence of a novel orthographic feature (in this case, tone marks) can support native English speakers’ ability to associate a novel phonological feature (in this case, lexical tone) with newly-learned lexical items.

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Gredley, Ellen. "A new Trade Marks Act." Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (December 1994): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555159402000607.

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Cervi, B. "Identifying marks." Manufacturing Engineer 86, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:20070307.

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Eldredge, Jon. "Library earns high marks." College & Research Libraries News 47, no. 9 (February 11, 2020): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.47.9.577.

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Reis, Igor Bezerra, Rafael Ângelo Santos Leite, Mateus Miranda Torres, Alcides Gonçalves da Silva Neto, Francisco José da Silva e. Silva, and Ariel Soares Teles. "Conflicting Marks Archive Dataset: A Dataset of Conflicting Marks from the Brazilian Intellectual Property Office." Data 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2024): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data9020033.

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A registered trademark represents one of a company’s most valuable intellectual assets, acting as a safeguard against possible reputational damage and financial losses resulting from infringements of this intellectual property. To be registered, a mark must be unique and distinctive in relation to other trademarks which are already registered. In this paper, we describe the CMAD, an acronym for Conflicting Marks Archive Dataset. This dataset has been meticulously organized into pairs of marks (Number of pairs = 18,355) involved in copyright infringement across word, figurative and mixed marks. Organizations sought to register these marks with the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) in Brazil, and had their applications denied after analysis by intellectual property specialists. The robustness of this dataset is ensured by the intrinsic similarity of the conflicting marks, since the decisions were made by INPI specialists. This characteristic provides a reliable basis for the development and testing of tools designed to analyze similarity between marks, thus contributing to the evolution of practices and computer-based solutions in the field of intellectual property.

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Garris, Sarah S., Lyndsey M. Pierson, and Michael H. Ferkin. "Meadow voles differentiate between scents of different sources." Behaviour 159, no. 5 (October 19, 2021): 463–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10136.

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Abstract Scent marks are an important means of transmitting information between rodents, and they can be produced from several body sources. Previous studies have shown that scents from multiple sources can convey the same information; female meadow voles, for example, have three scent sources that communicate sex. However, possessing three separate sources that convey the same information is likely costly due to the metabolic energy required to produce these signals and the increased chance that eavesdropping individuals may intercept information present in these signals. In this study, we investigated if these scent sources could communicate other information, in addition to scent donor sex, by determining if male meadow voles could distinguish scent marks taken from different sources of a single female scent donor. This was accomplished with a habituation-test method, that allowed us to compare how male meadow voles differently investigate scent from a familiar and novel source of a female scent donor. Male meadow voles could distinguish between faeces and urine scent marks of a female, but could only distinguish mouth from urine and faeces scent marks when first familiarized with mouth scent marks. Our findings suggest that mouth, urine, and faeces scent marks of female meadow voles produce both redundant and distinct information. The overlap in information between scent marks produced from separate sources may be needed to provide social context, which allows receiving individuals to accurately weigh the tradeoffs associated with responding to an olfactory cue. While this overlap in information remains costly, this cost may be minimized by the different fade-out times of scent marks from distinct body sources, which may limit the amount of time information in a scent mark is available to a time period where this information is socially relevant.

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Zhao, H. H., and H. Y. Guan. "MULTI-FEATURE-MARKS BASED INFORMATION EXTRACTION OF URBAN GREEN SPACE ALONG ROAD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2353-2018.

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Green space along road of QuickBird image was studied in this paper based on multi-feature-marks in frequency domain. The magnitude spectrum of green along road was analysed, and the recognition marks of the tonal feature, contour feature and the road were built up by the distribution of frequency channels. Gabor filters in frequency domain were used to detect the features based on the recognition marks built up. The detected features were combined as the multi-feature-marks, and watershed based image segmentation were conducted to complete the extraction of green space along roads. The segmentation results were evaluated by Fmeasure with P&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.7605，R&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.7639，F&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.7622.

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Wei, Qiang, Xinyu Du, Yixin Lin, Guanhua Hou, Siyuan Liu, Hao Fang, and Ming Jin. "Recognition Mechanism of Dangerous Goods Marks: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065192.

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Dangerous goods marks are the most effective means of alerting individuals to the potential dangers associated with the transport of dangerous goods. In order to gain a better understanding of how dangerous goods marks convey risk information, the cognitive processing of dangerous goods marks was examined by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs). We recruited 23 participants, and their ERP data were recorded. We discovered that the dangerous goods marks elicited a larger P200 amplitude and a smaller N300 amplitude, indicating that, compared to other marks, the dangerous goods marks exhibited stronger warning information and drew more attention from the subjects. Simultaneously, dangerous goods marks elicited insufficient emotional arousal in individuals. Therefore, these findings suggest that the designs of dangerous goods marks need to be improved, such as improving the graphic consistency. Changes in ERP patterns can be used to measure the risk perception level of dangerous goods marks, which can be used as an accurate indicator of the effectiveness of warning sign design. In addition, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the cognitive understanding mechanism of dangerous goods marks.

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Žilvinskis, Imants. "DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM (DISTANCE EDUCATION INFORMATION SYSTEM)." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1968.

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The paper describes Distance Education Information System. The aim o f the system is to provide effective information exchange between teachers and students and to store information about students progress marks. Based on theoretical knowledge and practical experience tasks for such an information system are described, as well as possible ways of implementation and the real product - Distance Education Information System.

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11

Burton, Robert. "CCAIT Marks Fifth Video Competition." Community & Junior College Libraries 7, no. 2 (August 21, 1991): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j107v07n02_13.

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12

Ferkin, Michael H. "Scent marks of rodents can provide information to conspecifics." Animal Cognition 22, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01250-9.

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13

van Dulken, Steve. "Obtaining business information from patents, designs and trade marks." Business Information Review 23, no. 2 (June 2006): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266382106065733.

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Johnston, Robert E., Grace Chiang, and Candice Tung. "The information in scent over-marks of golden hamsters." Animal Behaviour 48, no. 2 (August 1994): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1245.

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15

Miller, Jeffrey. "Independent Publisher's Marks: The Twentieth Century." Library Quarterly 57, no. 2 (April 1987): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/601873.

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Draxlerová, Mária, Miroslav Rusko, and Marcel Kuracina. "Labelling Of Textile Products From The Perspective Of Quality, Maintenance, Safety And Environment." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 23, no. 36 (June 1, 2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2015-0007.

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Abstract Fundamental right of all consumers is the availability of necessary information to protect their own health. Information should be obtained from the marks referred to the product which they come into contact with. Marks are integral parts of everyone's life. We can see various types of marks at home, in stores and everywhere around us. Symbols indicate to the consumer the importance assigned to them in an opinion system (labelling scheme).

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YUSUP, Abaydul, Sali ABDIRYIM, and ATGUL ARAP. "Information processing with ascertaining Uyghur vocabulary and labeling marks set." Journal of Computer Applications 29, no. 7 (July 30, 2009): 2006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.02006.

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Andrews, Forest H., Brian D. Strahl, and Tatiana G. Kutateladze. "Insights into newly discovered marks and readers of epigenetic information." Nature Chemical Biology 12, no. 9 (August 18, 2016): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2149.

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Leadbeater, Ellouise, and Lars Chittka. "Do inexperienced bumblebee foragers use scent marks as social information?" Animal Cognition 14, no. 6 (June 4, 2011): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-011-0423-4.

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20

Stoddard, Roger E. "Marks in Books: The Conference." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 91, no. 4 (December 1997): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/pbsa.91.4.24304783.

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21

Griffiths, Paul E. "Genetic, epigenetic and exogenetic information in development and evolution." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20160152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0152.

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The idea that development is the expression of information accumulated during evolution and that heredity is the transmission of this information is surprisingly hard to cash out in strict, scientific terms. This paper seeks to do so using the sense of information introduced by Francis Crick in his sequence hypothesis and central dogma of molecular biology. It focuses on Crick's idea of precise determination. This is analysed using an information-theoretic measure of causal specificity. This allows us to reconstruct some of Crick's claims about information in transcription and translation. Crick's approach to information has natural extensions to non-coding regions of DNA, to epigenetic marks, and to the genetic or environmental upstream causes of those epigenetic marks. Epigenetic information cannot be reduced to genetic information. The existence of biological information in epigenetic and exogenetic factors is relevant to evolution as well as to development.

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22

Aparovich, U. A. "Association of the Tracked Trajectories and Marks by the Attraction Method During Secondary Processing of Radar Information." Doklady BGUIR 20, no. 7 (December 12, 2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-7-65-71.

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The article proposes a new algorithm for associating the tracked trajectories and newly received marks by coordinates during the secondary processing (track-while-scan) of radar information. It is known that the biggest difficulties arise when associating in dense groups, that is, when the distance between the trajectories is commensurate with the errors in measuring their coordinates. Usually, well-known methods for solving the assignment task are used, for example, the Hungarian algorithm and similar. A common disadvantage of these methods is a rapid increase (in proportion to the third or fourth degree of the number of trajectories) in the time for solving the task. The article proposes to use the “attraction” method to increase the speed of calculations. The proposed algorithm simulates the “attraction” of all trajectories to all marks and the mutual “repulsion” of all trajectories from each other (the position of the trajectories is extrapolated to the time of location of the marks.) The conditional “movement” of the trajectories is simulated step by step until a set approach to any marks happens. Comparative modeling of the attraction algorithm and the Hungarian algorithm in the case of equal number of trajectories and marks showed that the qualitative characteristics of the algorithms are approximately the same, but the execution time for the attraction algorithm grows more slowly than for the Hungarian algorithm (in proportion to the square of the number of trajectories). Therefore, with a large number of them (more than 100–300), the attraction algorithm is executed much faster. Obviously, with the corresponding adjustment of the value and dimensions of the parameters, the new algorithm can be used to solve other assignment tasks.

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Анатольевна, Калинина Алевтина. "Знаки конца предложения как знаки эмоций." Język i Metoda 7 (2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23919981jm.21.019.14251.

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The article discusses the emotionally expressive function of punctuation marks placed at the end of a sentence. Marks of the end of a sentence (dot, question and exclamation marks, ellipsis as well as their possible combinations) are involved in the transmission of not only meaning (logical), but also emotional information. In the design of emotionally colored sentences of different functional types, one way or another, all the marks of the end of the sentence are involved, except for the dot. Each sign participating in the expression of emotional meanings is assigned the type of emotional content that is formed with its help.

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Song, Dandan, Jinqiang Yang, and Zhaojun Yang. "High-Water Marks and Hedge Fund Management Contracts with Partial Information." Computational Economics 42, no. 3 (August 28, 2012): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-012-9338-7.

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Weel, André. "The ICF marks a paradigm shift." TBV – Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 26, no. 7 (September 2018): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12498-018-0239-0.

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Aotani, Kaito, Ryosuke Shiota, Toshiki Hirogaki, and Eiichi Aoyama. "Proposed Stable Machining Condition Search Method Based on Machined Surface Information after End Milling." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.423.

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Chatter vibration in end milling remains a serious problem for manufacturing engineers. Chatter vibration often leaves a characteristic pattern or chatter mark on the machined surface. Chatter marks are generated by the relative displacement of the tool and the workpiece. Closer observation of chatter marks may prove useful in understanding chatter vibration. In this study, we investigated chatter mark patterns on end-milled surfaces. Based on these observations, we proposed and demonstrated the effectiveness of an iterative analysis method to identify stable machining conditions and minimize chatter vibration in various operations without use of sensors under specific conditions.

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Motta, Alicia Beatriz. "Epigenetic Marks in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 39 (November 24, 2020): 6727–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666191003154548.

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: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women in their reproductive age. Recent studies have shown that genes have an important role in the etiology of PCOS. However, the precise way in which these genes are transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated is poorly understood. : The aim of the present review is to provide updated information on miRNAs and DNA methylation as epigenetic marks of PCOS. : The data presented here allow concluding that both microRNAs and DNA methylation can be considered as possible useful biomarkers when choosing the treatment for a specific PCOS phenotype and thus represent two important tools for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS patients.

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Rodrigues, Marcia, Alissa Esperon Vian, Heytor Diniz Teixeira, Eduardo Nunes Borges, and Mateus Alves Prado. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema de armazenamento e reconhecimento de marcas de proveniência em acervos bibliográficos." Páginas a&b : Arquivos & Bibliotecas, esp. (2020): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836671/pagnesppk19.

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This work aims to present a System of Storage and Recognition of Provenance Marks. Such a system consists of an online data repository, a mobile application (app) and a web application server for image processing. For the construction of the theoretical contribution, a bibliographic and documentary review was used. The repository will make it possible for users and institutions to deposit photographic records of their marks, consult and collect metadata of marks’ registration already available. The app will be used exclusively for recognition of the provenance marks registered in the repository. The study of the provenance marks in bibliographic collections covers investigations on the trajectories of use and possession covered by the book throughout its existence and makes it possible to know preferences and fads that have historically influenced readers and libraries. In this sense, the use of technological tools assists the professional in obtaining information about specimens and their marks.

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Marsili, Giulia. "Multiple stonecutters’ marks on marble in the Late Antique Mediterranean: distribution, function, and meaning." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 32, no. 1 (2023): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37343/uw.2083-537x.pam32.1.02.

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Masons’ marks can be seen as informative symbols designed to convey one or more pieces of information from stonemasons or officials to other actors involved in the carving and building process. As such, when evaluated in their respective archaeological contexts, they can shed light on the artisanal and technical dynamics at play at different stages of work on building sites. In Late Antiquity, the alphabetic characters, usually carved on stone elements only once, had the form of single letters, multiple letters in ligature, or monograms. However, the marked objects were often double-numbered or, more rarely, engraved with multiple groups of marks. A thorough study of this phenomenon aims to explain the function of these marks and their significance for the workflow. In some cases, assembly or positioning marks are coupled with workshop marks, indicating the need of different groups of craftsmen to convey specific technical information. In other cases, more than one workshop is recorded on a single piece, providing data on the complexity of the craftsmanship, on the labor effort involved, and thus on the economic dimension of the project. This paper attempts to reassess the phenomenon of multiple masons’ marks in its historical and geographical dimensions, with a focus on the building sites of the imperial capital and further reference to other archaeological examples throughout the Mediterranean.

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Sys, E., Ł. Gosławski, A. Mrowicki, M. Głogowski, S. Madziara, B. Droś, W. Zakrzewicz, and P. Kubiak. "IR spectroscopy analysis of skid marks for vehicle equipped with ABS considering slip ratio." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012005.

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Abstract Skid marks are an important source of information for road accident investigators. Up till now, analyzing them was a difficult task when ABS equipped vehicles are considered. Authors managed to solve this issue using IR spectroscopy. There are several factors to consider when investigating brake marks and one of them is slip ratio that was taken into account in this paper. Results show that for slip of 10% and more, IR spectroscopy technology was successful at revealing skid marks.

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Zhan, Qian. "The registration of non-traditional trademarks in China: a cautious approach." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 10, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2020.01.02.

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Traditionally, trademarks convey source information to consumers through the use of words, letters, or numerals. The types of signs that are nowadays considered as being capable of constituting a trademark have expanded beyond words or figurative devices. Although non-traditional trademarks have received wide acceptance in many jurisdictions, the hurdle for obtaining registration appears to be higher than for traditional marks. Two issues have figured predominantly in the debate over protection for non-traditional marks: distinctiveness and functionality. Applications for non-traditional trademarks in China have given rise to a number of judicial decisions. The jurisprudence in China has taken a cautious approach in making decisions on a case-by-case basis, depending on the kind of mark in question. After a brief introduction to non-traditional marks, section 2 interprets the trademark definition in the China Trademark Law and reviews the extent to which non-traditional marks might be protected under the existing laws. Sections 3, 4, and 5 present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the functionality and distinctiveness issues for three-dimensional marks, colour marks, and sound marks. Finally, the Conclusion highlights the main problems in the protection of non-traditional trademarks and proffers solutions for analysing distinctiveness and functionality issues for non-traditional marks.

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Verrier, Elise, Emmanuelle Baudry, and Carmen Bessa-Gomes. "Modelling the effects of the repellent scent marks of pollinators on their foraging efficiency and the plant-pollinator community." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): e0256929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256929.

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Pollinator insects forage in complex and unpredictable resource landscapes, often using social information from congeneric individuals to acquire knowledge about their environment. It has long been recognized that this process allows them to exploit floral resources more efficiently and thus increase individual fitness. However, by creating correlations between the behaviors of pollinators within a population, this could also indirectly influence the entire plant-pollinator community. One type of social information used by pollinators is the scent mark left on the corolla of flowers by previous visitors, which can be used as a cue to avoid recently depleted resources. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to examine the effects, at both individual and community levels, of pollinators using these scent marks. The model simulates a population of pollinators foraging on flowers in a continuous 2D space in which we can vary the density of pollinators. We showed that the use of scent marks as a source of information significantly increased the foraging efficiency of pollinators except when competition between pollinators was very low. At the community level, this also resulted in a marked homogenization between floral resources within the landscape: in the absence of scent marks, the coefficient of variation of the remaining nectar quantity per flower strongly increased with greater pollinator competition, but it remained low at all levels of competition when scent marks were used by the pollinators. Finally, the use of scent marks markedly decreased the number of pollinator flower visits, especially at high levels of pollinator competition, which can potentially reduce the pollination service.

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Newstead, Stephen E., and Karen Findlay. "Some problems with using examination performance as a measure of teaching ability." Psychology Teaching Review 6, no. 1 (March 1997): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.1997.6.1.23.

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It is commonly believed that the marks awarded at the end of a course reveal important information about the quality of teaching on that course. It is argued in the present paper that this assumption is unjustified for a variety of reasons: examinations are unreliable; standards vary across institutions and disciplines; markers may be biased; exams are a reactive measure; external examiners cannot guarantee standards; examinations are not valid; poor teaching does not necessarily lead to poor exam performance; exams may not reward desirable approaches to learning; students cheat; marks are often standardized; and marks are designed to tell us about students, not lecturers. It is concluded that the utmost caution must be exercised in using marks awarded as an indicator of teaching quality.

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Mahé, E., A. Beauchet, and P. Saiag. "Web-based resources for sun protection information: A French-language evaluation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1549.

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1549 Background: With the dramatic increase in ultraviolet-induced skin damage, including melanomas and skin carcinomas, advocating the benefits of reasonable and moderate exposure to sunlight is a public health priority in most Western countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and quality of the information posted on the Internet about the effects of the sun on health and about sun protection. Methods: We used eight terms with eight search engines to identify relevant websites providing sun protection advice on the French-speaking web. This information was compared to the recommendations issued by nine official organizations. Influence of website quality and commercial links on the quality of the advice provided was evaluated. For the purposes of this comparison, we attributed marks to the following four criteria: 1) risks and benefits of sun exposure; 2) sun avoidance; 3) clothing recommendations; and 4) sunscreen use. Results: The search identified 1,551 links. After exclusion of sites duplicated either within or between search engines, and of websites used as references, we found 129 web pages dedicated to sun protection advice. Data on the effects of the sun and sun protection were deficient in most websites in comparison to official organization websites. It was even better than the web pages or websites respecting quality criteria. Commercial links tended to score poor marks for 1, 2, and 3 but better marks for 4 (sunscreen use). Conclusions: We showed the limits of web-based resources on the French-speaking web regarding sun protection advice. Poor quality of most of the websites and commercial conflict of interest with sunscreen manufacturers may explain these limits. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Fuentes-Andino, Diana, Keith Beven, Sven Halldin, Chong-Yu Xu, José Eduardo Reynolds, and Giuliano Di Baldassarre. "Reproducing an extreme flood with uncertain post-event information." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 7 (July 17, 2017): 3597–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3597-2017.

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Abstract. Studies for the prevention and mitigation of floods require information on discharge and extent of inundation, commonly unavailable or uncertain, especially during extreme events. This study was initiated by the devastating flood in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, when Hurricane Mitch struck the city. In this study we hypothesized that it is possible to estimate, in a trustworthy way considering large data uncertainties, this extreme 1998 flood discharge and the extent of the inundations that followed from a combination of models and post-event measured data. Post-event data collected in 2000 and 2001 were used to estimate discharge peaks, times of peak, and high-water marks. These data were used in combination with rain data from two gauges to drive and constrain a combination of well-known modelling tools: TOPMODEL, Muskingum–Cunge–Todini routing, and the LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model. Simulations were performed within the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) uncertainty-analysis framework. The model combination predicted peak discharge, times of peaks, and more than 90 % of the observed high-water marks within the uncertainty bounds of the evaluation data. This allowed an inundation likelihood map to be produced. Observed high-water marks could not be reproduced at a few locations on the floodplain. Identifications of these locations are useful to improve model set-up, model structure, or post-event data-estimation methods. Rainfall data were of central importance in simulating the times of peak and results would be improved by a better spatial assessment of rainfall, e.g. from radar data or a denser rain-gauge network. Our study demonstrated that it was possible, considering the uncertainty in the post-event data, to reasonably reproduce the extreme Mitch flood in Tegucigalpa in spite of no hydrometric gauging during the event. The method proposed here can be part of a Bayesian framework in which more events can be added into the analysis as they become available.

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Gnatyuk, Volodymyr A. "Capabilities of Laser-Induced Marks as Information Carriers Created in Different Materials." Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering 11, no. 2 (July 2016): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2016.02.0005.

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Mir, Shakeel Ahmad, and Danish Shakeel. "The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on academic performance of medical students: an exploratory study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190946.

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Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a potential to improve teaching and learning process. There are conflicting reports on the effect of ICT on student`s outcome. Though there is an early indication of positive impact, but the technology has a potential to have a detrimental effect. The present study was taken up to explore the effects of ICT on medical student’s academic performance.Methods: All the second professional students were given the questionnaire. Only 75 students had filled up the questionnaires completely.Results: The study population consisted of 48.00% males and 52.00% females. 97.33% students had smart phones, 44.00% had a laptop too. 10.66% students got less than 50% marks in the second professional examination, 14.66% got 50-59% marks, 62.66% got 60-69% marks and 12.00% got 70% or more marks. A low negative correlation was found between academic performance and possession of a smart phone (r= -0.062), and between academic performance and possession of a laptop (r= -0.029). A moderate negative correlation was found between academic performance and the time spent on a smart phone or laptop (r = -0.309). The correlations between academic performance and gender, and academic performance and the time spent on mobile phones or laptops were found statistically significant (p=0.000 and 0.007 respectively).Conclusions: Though ICT has capabilities of improving student`s academic performance, but it has a potential to have a negative effect if not used rationally. There is a vital need to sensitize the students about the potential academic risks associated with improper use of ICT. Students should be assisted and guided on how to use it judiciously.

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Krammer, Manuel, Markus Pröll, Martin Bürger, and Gerald Zauner. "Optical High-Speed Rolling Mark Detection Using Object Detection and Levenshtein Distance." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 8678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158678.

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This paper presents an automated high-speed rolling mark recognition system for railroad rails utilizing image processing techniques. Rolling marks, which consist of numbers, letters, and special characters, were engraved into the rail web as 3D information. These rolling marks provide crucial details regarding the rail manufacturer, steel quality, year of production, and rail profile. As a result, they empower rail infrastructure managers to gain valuable insights into their infrastructure. The rolling marks were captured using a standard color camera under dark field illumination. The recognition of individual numbers, letters, and special characters was achieved through state-of-the-art deep neural network object detection, specifically employing the YOLO architecture. By leveraging reference rolling marks, the detected characters can then be accurately interpreted and corrected. This correction process involves calculating a weighted Levenshtein distance, ensuring that the system can identify and rectify partially misidentified rolling marks. Through the proposed system, the accurate and reliable identification of rolling marks was achieved, even in cases in which there were partial errors in the detection process. This novel system thus has the potential to substantially improve the management and maintenance of railroad infrastructure.

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Ķauķīte, Sintija. "Pieturzīmes interneta forumos." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 27 (November 3, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2023.27.139.

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On the internet, people can connect with others and share news and experiences through social media such as internet forums, social networks, or blogs. An internet forum is a discussion group within an online service organisation where users with similar interests can exchange ideas, find valuable information, and share files. Users use a variety of graphical means, such as punctuation, emoticons, and emojis, to express emotions and attitudes in text. The aim is to analyse the use of punctuation marks in internet forums. Punctuation has at least six functions in modern texts: grammatical, emotive, intonational, conative, phatic, and text-formation function. The study analyses the use of punctuation marks (ellipses, dashes, quotation marks, exclamation marks, question marks, and conjunctions of punctuation marks) in emotive, intonational, text-formation, phatic, and conative functions. The empirical basis of the research comprises 500 syntactic constructions manually extracted from 13 internet forums – “BOOT”, “Cālis.lv”, “Copes Lietas”, “debets-kredīts”, “FIZMATI.LV”, “Dieviete”, “Kursors.lv”, “iAuto”, “Māmiņu klubs”, “PRECOS”, “Sieviešu Klubs”, “BUILDING.LV” and “Dabasdati.lv”. The article compares the use of punctuation in internet forums for female and male audiences. The study focuses on the posts, comments, and headlines of internet forums. The study employs a descriptive method.

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Koenigstorfer, Joerg, Grażyna Wąsowicz-Kiryło, Małgorzata Styśko-Kunkowska, and Andrea Groeppel-Klein. "Behavioural effects of directive cues on front-of-package nutrition information: the combination matters!" Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 9 (August 16, 2013): 2115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300219x.

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AbstractObjectiveNutrition information aims to reduce information asymmetries between manufacturers and consumers. To date, however, it remains unclear how nutrition information that is shown on the front of the packaging should be designed in order to increase both visual attention and the tendency to make healthful food choices. The present study aimed to address this gap in research.DesignAn experimental laboratory study applying mobile eye-tracking technology manipulated the presence of two directive cues, i.e. health marks and traffic light colour-coding, as part of front-of-package nutrition information on actual food packages.SettingParticipants wore mobile eye-tracking glasses during a simulated shopping trip. After the ostensible study had finished, they chose one snack (from an assortment of fifteen snacks) as a thank you for participation. All products were labelled with nutrition information according to the experimental condition.SubjectsConsumers (n 160) who were mainly responsible for grocery shopping in their household participated in the study.ResultsThe results showed that, in the absence of traffic light colouring, health marks reduced attention to the snack food packaging. This effect did not occur when the colouring was present. The combination of the two directive cues (v. presenting traffic light colours only) made consumers choose more healthful snacks, according to the nutrient profile.ConclusionsPublic policy makers may recommend retailers and manufacturers implement consistent front-of-pack nutrition labelling that contains both health marks and traffic light colouring as directive cues. The combination of the cues may increase the likelihood of healthful decision making.

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Nakamura, Tomoaki, and Yukio P. Gunji. "Auditory effects to complement the absence of visual information." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647991.

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The majority of research on audio–visual interaction focused on spatio-temporal factors and synesthesia-like phenomena. Especially, research on synesthesia-like phenomena has been advanced by Marks et al., and they found synesthesia-like correlation between brightness and size of visual stimuli and pitch of auditory stimuli (Marks, 1987). It seems that main interest of research on synesthesia-like phenomena is what perceptual similarity/difference between synesthetes and non-synesthetes is. We guessed that cross-modal phenomena of non-synesthetes on perceptual level emerge as a function to complement the absence or ambiguity of a certain stimulus. To verify the hypothesis, we investigated audio–visual interaction using movement (speed) of an object as visual stimuli and sine-waves as auditory stimuli. In this experiment objects (circles) moved at a fixed speed in one trial and the objects were masked in arbitrary positions, and auditory stimuli (high, middle, low pitch) were given simultaneously with the disappearance of objects. Subject reported the expected position of the objects when auditory stimuli stopped. Result showed that correlation between the position, i.e., the movement speed, of the object and pitch of sound was found. We conjecture that cross-modal phenomena on non-synesthetes tend to occur when one of sensory stimuli are absent/ambiguous.

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Sun, Kun, and Rong Wang. "Frequency distributions of punctuation marks in English." English Today 35, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078418000512.

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The analysis of punctuation in philology is mainly carried out with a view to better understand the meaning of the literature concerned. Punctuation is generally believed to play the role of ‘assisting the written language in indicating those elements of speech that cannot be conveniently set down on paper: chiefly the pause, pitch and stress in speech’ (Markwardt, 1942: 156). Most of us often ignore the importance of punctuation in writing systems and tend to believe that punctuation only depends on tradition and the personal styles of writers. In fact, punctuation marks may contribute significantly to the clarity of expression. Many linguists associate punctuation with intonation, but the truth is more complex than that – punctuation marks may affect orthography, morphology, syntactic relations, semantic information, and can even influence textual structure.

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Raso, Tommaso, and Saulo Santos. "Short information units." Journal of Speech Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 03–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v8i2.14994.

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Our main goal is to show that short information units (one phonological word immediately preceded and followed by a prosodic boundary, at least one of which with non-terminal value) can be classified only on the basis of their formal prosodic characteristics. That is to say that lexicon and syntax may vary with respect to the informational function, while what formally marks the informational function is the regularity of the prosodic profile of the lexical item. We also maintain that an information unit corresponds to an intonation unit (except in one specific circumstance). We use just one lexeme for the analysis, the Brazilian Portuguese ASSIM, and extract all the occurrences where this lexeme is found in a dedicated prosodic unit in the C-ORAL-BRASIL corpus. According to our analysis, this lexeme can fulfill at least five different information units, i.e. it can fulfill at least five different linguistic functions, recognizable by their prosodic regularities.

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Krishna, Vamshi. "RPA Bot to Automate Students Marks Storage Process." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45461.

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Abstract: Robotic Process Automation is a technology that lets users set up and create a software robot that can carry out tasks including screen scraping, information processing, data scraping, optical character recognition, web scraping and transmitting and receiving data from various systems with or without the assistance of a human. RPA is used in different sectors such as education, retail, business, banking, finance, insurance, healthcare, and marketing. There are many RPA software vendors such as UiPath, Automation anywhere, Blue Prism etc.

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Fabiańska, Agnieszka. "Wybrane znaki proweniencyjne ze zbiorów zabezpieczonych Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 17, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 805–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2023.830.

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A catalogue contains the most frequent owner’s marks placed in manuscripts and early printed books from restricted collections from University of Warsaw Library. Manuscripts and books were marked with enumerated signatures, supralibros, bookplates, manuscript notes, etc. in advance they were moved to current collection. The aforementioned marks were the main indication of the former collection. Copies of the owner’s marks could be used as an aid in the research of old collections by librarians and scholars interested in provenance research.

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Bösmeier, Annette Sophie, Iso Himmelsbach, and Stefan Seeger. "Reliability of flood marks and practical relevance for flood hazard assessment in southwestern Germany." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 2963–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2963-2022.

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Abstract. Flood marks are rarely utilized in hazard assessment, mainly because of a lack of data availability and accessibility and mistrust in their reliability. Challenging these common assumptions, we present an approach for evaluation and practical utilization of flood marks by the example of the Kinzig River, a Rhine tributary from the Black Forest with a history of severe floods. We combined written documents describing flood marks with field mapping at three study sites and collected information relating to 89 marks – about 50 % of them still preserved – which refer to ≥15 large floods between 1824 and 1991. The inclusion of a detailed historical-mark survey enabled an assessment of changes through time for each flood mark: they extend from small (±15 cm) imprecisions in mark heights to considerable uncertainties in position, height, and displayed date for some modified marks. Plausibility checks with further data nevertheless demonstrated good overall consistency. We then juxtaposed these marks with the current, modeled flood hazard maps. A wide agreement is apparent, in that the large majority of marks are situated at probable heights and within the modeled flooding area associated with extreme floods. For the few exceptions, we see plausible and historically sound reasons in changed local hydraulic conditions by flood protection walls, exceptional processes during a massive ice jam, and possibly also a local underestimation of hazard along Kinzig River tributaries. Overall, this study highlights (1) the broad availability of flood mark data, both on a larger spatial scale and with regard to already vanished marks, and (2) the significance of the marks, verified by further data, and also demonstrates (3) the possibility of a straightforward inclusion in hazard assessment. We thus encourage the systematic collection, maintenance, and integration of flood marks as responsible risk management, not least regarding their value in the wider context of risk awareness and memory.

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Choinski, Elizabeth M. "High Marks for SmartMarks (A New Bookmarks Organizer from Netscape)." Internet Reference Services Quarterly 1, no. 3 (January 7, 1997): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j136v01n03_15.

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Jiang, Yukang, Jianying Pan, Ming Yuan, Yanhe Shen, Jin Zhu, Yishen Wang, Yewei Li, et al. "Segmentation of Laser Marks of Diabetic Retinopathy in the Fundus Photographs Using Lightweight U-Net." Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (October 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8766517.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent vision-threatening disease worldwide. Laser marks are the scars left after panretinal photocoagulation, a treatment to prevent patients with severe DR from losing vision. In this study, we develop a deep learning algorithm based on the lightweight U-Net to segment laser marks from the color fundus photos, which could help indicate a stage or providing valuable auxiliary information for the care of DR patients. We prepared our training and testing data, manually annotated by trained and experienced graders from Image Reading Center, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, publicly available to fill the vacancy of public image datasets dedicated to the segmentation of laser marks. The lightweight U-Net, along with two postprocessing procedures, achieved an AUC of 0.9824, an optimal sensitivity of 94.16%, and an optimal specificity of 92.82% on the segmentation of laser marks in fundus photographs. With accurate segmentation and high numeric metrics, the lightweight U-Net method showed its reliable performance in automatically segmenting laser marks in fundus photographs, which could help the AI assist the diagnosis of DR in the severe stage.

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Mitic, L. A., and I. Pakvor. "Vacuum Meridian Marks of the Belgrade Large Transit Instrument." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 109 (1986): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900076993.

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More than a dozen years ago vacuum meridian marks were built for the Belgrade Large Transit Instrument with the purpose of completely keeping the air from interfering with the meridian mark readings. Information is presented on the favorable results achieved as regards both accidental and sytematic accuracy.

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McMullin, B. J. "Machine-Made Paper, Seam Marks, and Bibliographical Analysis." Library 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 62–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/9.1.062.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Information marks'

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