Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Information financière – Droit'
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Jamet, Vincent. "De l'influence du principe de transparence sur la chaîne de régulation de l'information financière." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0045.
Full textAttia, Syrine. "L' harmonisation communautaire et internationale de l'information légale financière." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010274.
Full textMoreira, Brandao Elisio. "L'information comptable et financière publiée par les entreprises et le marché financier : une analyse économique de la réglementation." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090025.
Full textKoubi-Flotte, Pierre-Olivier. "Pour un modèle européen d'information financière." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33037.
Full textMartin, Pierre. "Le secret des affaires en droit français." Lyon 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO33016.
Full textIf the information about the life of the business is necessary, the trade secret is it also. But, what as it is agreed by « trade secret » ? Is it a legal notion ? At the moment, numerous information concerning the economic actors must be carried in the knowledge of the public. However, the transparency is only relative. This requierement of transparency in internal law and in community law did not annihilate the domain of the trade secret but did not considerably stress its variability, which resulted before from the only will of the economic actor. Besides, the legislator has, on multiple occasions, insurant in a indirect way the respect and the preservation of the trade secret ; the application of the numerous actions of common law in case of internal and external infringements shows of it. Having a domain and benefiting from an indirect protection, the trade secret is a legal notion ad can be defined as « the justifiable interest of the economic actors in the fact that the secret information by nature or by their will is not revealed ». However, the trade secret is sometimes put in danger. It would be sensible that the legislator establishes the following malpractice in the fifth book « The other crimes and the offences » of the penal code : « Is punished for 2 years of detention and for a 150. 000-euro fine the fact by every person for revealing or for trying to reveal a secret information by nature ou by the will ». A real protection of the trade secret would so be insured. For all that, its nature would be unchanged ; it would always be about a justifiable interest
Compin, Frédéric. "L'inefficience de l'information financière et l'hypothèse de la régulation." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0135.
Full textThis thesis aims to show that when share price values are divorced from economic reality this inevitably leads to inefficient information. Financial information regulation must therefore be a sine qua non for ensuring the transparency of financial markets and this can only be achieved if the powers that be use regulatory legal instruments to restore meaning to distributed financial information. If the state of positive law allows ex post sanctioning of insider dealing, share price manipulations and false information distribution, it is seemingly powerless to counter copycat behaviour and rumour-spreading. This then clearly indicates a need to develop prudential regulation to anticipate and prevent the development and dissemination of information which does not reflect economic reality. The subprime crisis, reflecting the powerlessness of financial markets to provide effective information about the risks incurred, illustrates the need to find regulatory solutions for the strict control of securitization and rating agency action. Financial information, a modern 21st -century challenge, must therefore become a public good for economists and a res communis for lawyers so as to serve the general interest. Respecting this requirement is the basis for building general principles of equality of treatment among investors and fairness of access to financial information
Bègue, Guillaume. "Confidentialité et prévention de la criminalité financière : étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D019.
Full textThe recent trend towards transaprency in business highlights a more global disenchantment with the concept of secrecy. The concept of secrecy benefits from various legal expressions whose origins give it as undisputable legitimacy. This observation leads us to recognise the existence of a "Principle of confidentiality". The clash betxeen the rules of Financial Crime prevention and this principle of confidentiality is causing legal uncertainty not only for professional subject to Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulations but also gor persons whose data is being processed. These two sets of conflicting rules nevertheless share a common goal, namely to ensure respect for fundamental rights. Notwithstanding this, both the risk of abuse of legal instruments offered by one set for illegitimate purposes and the shortcomings attached to the other set potentially hinder the efficient and reasonable use of Law. This study aims at analysing antagonistic principles to reach a certain balance by applying solutions which preserve their respective interests and contribute to legal certainty. In this regard, the comparative law analysis helps better interpret customer due diligence measures whilst rehabilitating the arguments in favour of the principle of confidentiality. This shows the development of e genuine AML/CFT Law and in particular its preventive aspects that form a major part of the Banking and Financial Regulations
Sergakis, Konstantinos. "La transparence des sociétés cotées en droit européen." Paris 1, 2010. http://passerelle.univ-rennes1.fr/login?url=https://www.numeriquepremium.com/content/books/9782919211166.
Full textChacornac, Jérôme. "Essai sur les fonctions de l'information en droit des instruments financiers." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020019.
Full textInformation constitutes the element or the stake of many a legal rule in financial Law. These rules dictate disclosure obligations to issuers, financial intermediaries and investors. Furthermore, they sanction market abuses, insofar as they undermine the qualities of the information, and provide a legal framework for the elaboration process of opinions voiced by financial analysts and credit rating agencies. In such a heterogeneous body of rules, diverse legal qualifications are applicable to information. The conistency of the discipline lies in the necessity to inform the participants of the risk inherent to financial instruments. From its intellectual functions, information can be studied as transmittable intelligence permitting a better understanding of the risk financial instruments entail. While some data allows for the description of the investment risk, other data enables its assesment over time in order to realize predictions. Substantive law evolves by drawing on the two intellectual functions of information: its descriptive function and its predictive function. This analysis helps to reinforce the intellegibility of constantly evolving legislation, which implies the joint study of company law, contract law and criminal business law. The law of financial instruments can thus be the subject of an analysis stemming from information as a requirement to the taking an investment risk
Vincendeau, Benjamin. "La Responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : Étude comparée du droit américain et du droit français des sociétés anonymes cotées." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0836.
Full textHistorically, the emergence of the company is consubstantial to the questions relating to the consideration of workers by business corporations. The globalization has created the conditions for the development of these business corporations and has has revealed a new relation between them and civil society. As part of the perspective of economic and social revolutions that have marked the evolution of the Western world since the early nineteenth century, the legal assessment of the Corporate Social Responsibility reflects a paradigm process that has its roots in the US Law. Defined by the European Commission as "corporate responsibility vis-à-vis their impacts on the Company," Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company will nonetheless protean due to the fact that the determination of its content finds its base in the corporate governance. Nevertheless, the various cases of environmental pollution and violations of human rights involving multinational companies have led States to progressively reconsider their position on the regulation of socially responsible corporate commitments. Therefore, a co-regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility tends to emerge within national systems. But the approach adopted by the States is different. In this regard, we will focus on a study in comparative law perspective between the main legal models of CSR: namely French law and American law. The companie that will be studied is the business corporation because is the main model of big business. Specifically, this research will aim to build an effective system of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company under French law. In this perspective, it will be helpful to tap into American law which is the precursor law in this area. A test on the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company in the general theory of the companies will be realized. Finally, will be made some proposals on the various tools of soft law to hard law instruments of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company
Teller, Marina. "L'information communiquée par les sociétés cotées : analyse juridique d'une mutation." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0031.
Full textSince the beginning of the years 2000, financial information published by stock corporations has known an upheaval without precedent. The financial scandals favored the advent of a new dogma, that of the transparency. The nature of reporting has changed and acquired new functions. Periodic and permanent reporting has evolved and nowadays companies disclosed soft information that is not required. Moreover, information became a normative technique of organization of the firm, which is a technique of denouncement, prevention of the conflicts and management. New practices of communication are revealed by narrative information and voluntary communication. Those evolutions are likely to support new legal risks. The end of the internal and external opacity makes it possible to sit new claims, carried by the stakeholders and by a new form of shareholding, the "shareholder-consumers". The emergence of new legal risks leads to reconsider the regulation of the communication. American Law provides answers to forward-looking information, thanks to safe harbors. The implementation of a “ right to silence rule” is about to reduce judicial risks. National law could, in its turn, ensure a legal treatment in case of informational uncertainty
Paulet, Melissa. "Les notes de crédit produites par les agences de notation financière : contribution à l’étude des notions juridiques d’opinion et d’avis en droit privé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226559.
Full textRegulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 Septem-ber 2009 on Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) is generally read on the basis of the postulate according to which CRA exercise an exorbitant power over investors. Within this framework, the CRA regulation is conceived as an exceptional body of standards, assessed in terms to its ability to regulate this power and protect the interests of investors. This theoretical approach does not, however, take into account the real rationality of the CRA regulation, which is limited to organizing the rating activity and the status of agencies by applying to ratings the legal regime in accordance with their dual nature : they are opinions – and moreover financial opinions because of their subject matter – that is to say, subjective statements expressing relative truths about the risk of default of an issuer of financial securities ; they are “avis”, that is to say opinions dedicated by law to informing a decision, in that they are included in some of the decision-making procedures of the legislator in banking and financial matters. Like any opinion, credit ratings can be freely expressed, provided they are based on a sufficient factual basis, in order to protect the interests of the persons to whom they relate, namely the issuers of financial securities. Like any financial opinion, they are subject to market abuse regulations from that moment on they have informational value, in order to protect the financial markets. Like any “avis”, they are subject to a principle of integrity, which aims to preserve the technical subjectivity of the agencies which is decisive for the dedication of their ratings to the rank of “avis”
Onofrei, Adina. "La négociation des instruments financiers au regard de la directive concernant les marchés d'instruments financiers." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010301.
Full textLekkas, Georgios. "L'harmonisation du droit des offres publiques et la protection de l'investissement : étude comparée des règles en vigueur en France, au Royaume-Uni et aux États-Unis d'Amérique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D008.
Full textCharavet-Piat, Alexandra. "Les marchés primaires de valeurs mobilières dans l'Union européenne : étude comparative en droit allemand, anglais, français." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010318.
Full textThe process by which a corporation offers and sells its securities to the public has been a principal focus of European regulatory activity in the securities field. European law in this respect basically consists of directives, enacted between 1979 and 1993, which harmonized member states laws and applied mutual recognition. The term "public offer" is not defined through the pop's directive 1989 although some "exempted offers" are suggested. The principal criteria consists in offers to "professionals investors" and to a "restricted circle of persons". The european's agency has no authority to decide whether a particular security may be offered to the public. It can only insist that the issuer make full disclosure of all materials facts. There is no european agency charged with principal responsability for the enforcement and administration of the european securities laws, so that the national authorities have broad rule-enforcement powers. Regulation of public offerings depends not only on securities laws but also on corporations's ones. Since the second ec company directive has been adopted, the issuer must get shareholder's authorization to increase the share capital. Every shareholder may appoint a person to represent him. Some members states are extremely restrictive about this option especially french company law 1966. Nevertheless, the directors may be empowered to do so by the general meeting up to a maximum amount. The power of such body shall be granted for a maximum period of five years. Whenever the capital is increased by consideration in cash, shareholders rights may be affect so that the shares must be offered on a pre-emptive basis to existing shareholders in proportion to the capital represented by their shares if not, they can sue before a court on the ground of power abuse
Joly-Descamps, Agathe. "La protection des actionnaires dans les sociétés cotées." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010334.
Full textChanhoun, Maxime José. "La mesure des performances financières des entreprises béninoises et ses enjeux." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10017.
Full textThe undertaken research deals with the evaluation of the OHADA accountancy system of reference aptness to express accurately the factual economic reality experienced by the beninese enterprises and particularly to enable the financial performance assessment of these enterprises.The philosophy originates in the idea that one manages only what can be assessed, and that it is necessary to make sure the different bases of management and investment decisions are reliable, as well as the economic policies.The investigation led on a representative range of more than three hundred accountancy information producers and users help us make their needs and the degree (level) of satisfaction of these needs stand out.The carried out work reveal the weaknesses at the base (root) of the accountancy information systems implemented by the Beninese enterprises, what leads to question the reliability of the provided financial statements. To compensate this inadequacy, a model of data base management has been proposed so as to ameliorate the collection of these data, and all the decision process, to ease the potential investors and above all to make more efficient the government economic orientations
Naimi, Abyaneh Ali. "Trois études sur le reporting et la réglementation bancaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAG005.
Full textThis dissertation consist three distinct essays that study the effectiveness of financial disclosure regulations. The first essay studies the effectiveness of EU regulatory changes aimed to harmonize and enhance EU financial information environment. Unlike literatures that study the adoption of a single regulation, we consider a set of EU regulations that have common objectives. We find that the adoption of these regulation have decreased information asymmetry in financial markets. We also show that the effectiveness of regulatory changes varies across counties. We find that firms that needed the improvement in financial information environment the most benefited the least from implementation of regulations under study. We argue that EU capital market impacts generally attributed to the adoption of IFRS are likely to come from regulatory changes concomitant to IFRS. We then focus on banks and find that EU regulatory changes had a more significant impact on banks than other firms. The second essay studies the effectiveness of fair value accounting in providing more value-relevant information. The value relevance studies have been conducted in four stages. First, we compare the value relevance of assets and liabilities as they are carried in balance sheets and find that assets and liabilities carried at fair value are more value-relevant than those carried at cost. Furthermore, we illustrate that the 2008 financial crisis had no significant impact on the value relevance of FV assets and liabilities. Also high audit quality improves the value relevance of assets carried at FV. Second, we focus on fair value measurement levels and find marked-to-marked fair values to be more value-relevant than marked-to-model fair value assets and high audit quality has a positive impact on value relevance of assets carries at FV levels 1 and 2. Third, we focus on the incremental value relevance of fair values, where we study the value relevance of fair value information over those conveyed by costs data. Finally, we compare the relative value relevance of a full fair value versus full cost accounting. The third essay looks at the risk relevance of fair value accounting. We compare the accounting-based debt ratio with fair values, cost and US GAAP data for explaining market assessments of bank risk. We find that although in overall US GAAP information and cost accounting are more risk relevant than fair values, relative value-relevance of the ratios depends on bank size and general economic condition. During financial crisis and for large banks fair values are more risk-relevant than HC and GAAP. Overall, this dissertation sheds light on the effectiveness of financial regulations regarding information disclosure and the impact of influential factors with an emphasis on banks
Bavouidibio, Massengo Aubert. "Contribution à l'étude juridique de l'opération de titrisation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020077.
Full textAlthough the word securitization became public knowledge during the subprime crisis, ten years later, the actual research about the underpinning mechanism remains piecemeal. Against this observation the present study aims at bringing forward analytical tools in order to identify the legal identity of a securitization transaction. The securitization transaction can be defined as the unification of two contracts sharing a common purpose. This purpose is the transfer of the risk affecting the variation of the value of anything bearing a variable value, be it negative or positive (called underlying). This definition provides the legal grounds for the prudential supervision of such transactions. The objective of prudential supervision is to steer economic agents’ behaviors along a safety and soundness paradigm, by means of both external intervention by regulated professionals, as well as the issuance of rules applicable to all parties of both contracts making up the full contractual set
Milebe, Vaz Christian. "La nouvelle gouvernance financière publique dans les organisations du système des Nations Unies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D079.
Full textThis thesis on the new public financial governance in the United Nations system has two parts : first part - the implementation of the new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system ; and second part - the strengthening of the new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system. For our study, we applied the relevant elements of the terms of reference established by certain subsidiary bodies for new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system, in particular those that relate to the cycle from planning to establish reports being discussed more in detail in the two parts of the thesis. This framework applies to the new public financial governance as a whole. However, for some special activities, only the results-based budgeting is practiced. Some elements of the terms of reference do not therefore apply in the context of the present thesis, however, other aspects considered important for any new public financial governance process are taken into account
Ibrahim, Majida. "L'atteinte à la transparence des marchés financiers : l'exemple du délit d'initié : étude comparée du droit français et du droit libanais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1030.
Full textInsider trading can be illegal or legal depending on when the insider makes the trade: it is illegal when the material information is still non public, trading while having special knowledge is infer to other investors who don’t have access to such knowledge. Directors are not the only one who has the potential to be convicted of insider trading. People such a brokers and even family members can be guilty. Insider trading is legal once the material information has been made public, at which time the insider has not direct advantage over other investors. The tendency is to the criminalization of insider trading and the foundation of a specific regulatory authority for financial markets. The work is therefore based on a study of different law enforcement jurisdictions which trend to ensure markets transparency and ensure the respect of equity between the operators by the phenomenon of regulation. In a first approach, we study the originality of the crime including the double definition that generates a double prosecution: criminal and administrative. And in a second approach, we analyze the effectiveness of the repressive system in which we realize that this duality of the repressive system facing the non bis in idem can only be seen as coherence and complementarily between the two orders of jurisdictions
Baalbaki, Shibly Fatima. "Three essays on the effects of the simultaneous adoption of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and MAD (Market Abuse Directive) in Europe." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG011.
Full textWhile prior research on mandatory IFRS adoption fails to provide evidence of improvement in the quality of financial reporting (increased transparency and/or comparability), it provides almost unanimous evidence of beneficial capital-market impacts. Within the European Union (EU), mandatory IFRS adoption coincides with the adoption of the Market Abuse Directive (MAD). While the mandatory adoption of IFRS took place in 2005, MAD was passed between 2004 and 2007 depending on the EU country under consideration. Furthermore, both IFRS and MAD aim towards increased transparency, either by improving the quality of financial reporting (IFRS) or by prohibiting selective disclosures to enhance common information available to all market participants (MAD). Our first essay aims to disentangle the respective market impacts of MAD adoption and IFRS adoption in order to determine the specific effect of each regulation. Our evidence suggests that a significant part of the capital market effects usually attributed to IFRS comes, at least to some extent, from the contemporaneous adoption of the Market Abuse Directive. Our second essay focuses on the role of information environment. Investigating how information environment affects the market impacts of both MAD adoption and IFRS adoption is crucial to determine whether all firms benefit identically from these regulations. Using firm size and analyst following as proxies capturing firms' information environment, we provide evidence showing that small firms and firms with weak analyst following are those that benefit the most from the introduction of the IFRS mandate. In contrast, large firms and firms with high analyst coverage benefit the most from MAD adoption. Our third essay analyzes the role of enforcement. We find that the effectiveness of both IFRS and MAD is hampered by different enforcement levels across firms and countries. Moreover, the observed capital-market outcomes on one regulation differ if the effects of both regulations are not clearly dissociated. Thus, we caution researchers not to attribute capital-market outcomes primarily or solely to one regulation without taking into account the concomitant adoption of the other one
Sotiropoulou, Anastasia. "Les obligations d'information des sociétés cotées en droit communautaire." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010299.
Full textAmrani, Fayçal. "Analyse du partage des risques financiers dans un système bancaire islamique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090059.
Full textWe analyze in this thesis the financial risk-sharing in an Islamic banking system. We build an analytical framework based on two provisions of Islamic law of contracts: the prohibition of Riba and Gharar. First, we analyze profit-sharing contracts, focusing on their role as an asset and their risk allocation. We also explain the dominance of mark-up contracts in the current practice of Islamic financial institutions. We then analyze the capital structure of Islamic banks, focusing on non-remunerated guaranteed accounts and their flexibility. We show the central place of the regulator in producing the necessaries conditions of good uses of these resources
Heinich, Julia. "Le droit face à l'imprévisibilité du fait." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1042.
Full textNowadays, one could be tempted to state that the concept of unpredictability has disappeared. Indeed, if some event actually occurs, it is likely to be deemed predictable retrospectively, even before its taking place. As any event can occur, no event can be deemed unpredictable any longer : neither an economic crisis, nor natural disaster, nor the most banal accident. It is common knowledge that such events may occur at any time, strike anybody, anywhere. In this way, unpredictability is deprived of its legal purpose and effects and discarded by law. However, unpredictability remains a reality, when one is unable to foresee the moment, the place, the intensity or the victim caused by the event. The challenge laid down by law shall consist in recognizing the existence of unpredictability in order for law to be able to frame this concept. There are many ways to reach this goal, and the solutions and their implementation remain dispersed owing to the difficulty to clearly identifying the concept of unpredictability. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the notion of unpredictability invigorates the whole scope of contemporary private law, and to show how this concept shall be apprehended by law. A defined and specific implementation of the irreductible aspects of the concept of unpredictability by law will not be incompatible with a more active approach, in order for unpredictability to be captured by law. Identifying legal effects, creating a definition, demonstrating the means and the abilities to anticipate unpredictability or to maintain it, will remain essential steps in the legal constructing, so that law shall be able to face unpredictability serenely
Rekik, Sabrine. "Innovation technologique : mesure, valorisation et effets sur les performances financières et opérationnelles des entreprises." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090067.
Full textTechnological innovation is considered as a key element in the knowledge-based economies, where the share of intangible assets continues to grow significantly. The development of innovation is enhanced mainly in the purpose of value creation and the obtaining of a competitive advantage. Nevertheless, innovating is a long process where the lag between the investments in Research and Development (R&D) activities, considered as its input, and the obtaining of a valuable output, often estimated by the patent application, is large. The long character is emphasized by the uncertainty and the riskiness of the process which are at the root of important problems of information asymmetry between investors and the insiders. This dissertation studies the impact of intangible investments on the financial performance of companies in Europe. Therefore, we use a unique database of European patents and suggest a set of qualitative measures to innovation, based on the patents’ attributes. Moreover, this thesis estimates the market value of intangibles as measured by the R&D expenses, the patent applications but also the qualitative attributes. In this framework, we construct a composite quality index of innovation in order to better estimate its private economic value. The increasing lag between financial and book values in the presence of R&D investments leads us to undertake a causal study of innovation on the financial performance of companies. We suggest our composite index as non-financial metric to predict the future earnings and examine the effect of R&D on the growth and volatility of future operating incomes
Zarli, Meiffret Delsanto Kristel. "La fraude en droit de la protection sociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1035.
Full textThe profound deficit of social finance has legitimised the development of an arsenal against fraud. Traditional penal sanctions, which are partially harnessed, now interact with administrative sanctions. Their complementarity offers a proportionate response. This diversification of enforcement policy does not however bring into question the rights of users due to the influence of the principles of punitive law. The social security bodies’ means of detection are also suited to handling the variety of fraudulent situations. Debt recovery agencies as well as social security bodies providing services are involved. The provider bodies now assume their part in the monitoring of the issuing of benefits. Controls are indeed no longer just for debt recovery agencies. Gradually, the general prerogatives of controls have converged and have been reinforced, sometimes to the detriment of the guarantees of users .The legislative tools in favor of cross-referencing information have multipled to increase the means of detection. If in particular they pose legal bases that are useful in detecting network frauds, they also entail, on a wider scale, a modernisation of the functioning of the organisations that is compatible with the rights of users. Ultimately, at the cost of a few developments, ressource protection and user rights may, under the supervision of judges, no longer be opposed. In the meantime, they are reconcilable, if not completely reconciled. In particular, a single definition is necessary since the legal security of users and consistency of the mechanism depends upon it
Ben, Slimene Imen. "L'impact de la réglementation sur la qualité et le coût de l'audit en Europe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG006/document.
Full textThis dissertation includes two studies. The first study analyzes the impact of auditor quality and audit regulation on the quality of accounting information, particularly on tradeoff between accrual-based and activity-based earnings management. In the second study in order to better understand the audit fees incurred by listed European companies we analysis the impact of audit regulation on the level of audit fees.Our representative sample is 4219 firms listed on European capital markets from 15 European countries over the period 2007 to 2010. Based on our sample, in the first study we analyze the respective impacts of both auditor quality and audit regulation on earnings quality. We capture auditor quality through using both audit firm size and audit firm industry specialization. We analyze five attributes of audit regulation including namely duration of audit tenure, restrictions on provision of non-audit services, nature of the auditors’ liability, constraints on audit partners’ rotation and obligation of a joint audit.Our main results are as follows: A) Only income-increasing earnings management, which is resulted in overstated earnings, is affected by auditor quality or audit regulations. B) Audit firm expertise influences negatively on the level of the both accrual-based earnings management and activity-based earnings management. Audits provided by large audit firms (i.e. Big4 auditors), have no impact on both accrual-based and activity-based earnings management. C) Audit firm expertise is not the only factor that affects audit quality and earnings quality. Regulation that governs audit services plays a major role in earnings quality as well. Two regulatory attributes have significant beneficial impact on accrual-based earnings management: the nature of the auditor’s liability and the minimal duration of the audit mandate. D) There is a substitution effect between accrual-based and activity-based earnings management, regarding the two attributes of audit regulation that are effective in curbing discretionary accruals. Because of regulatory constraints, the firms that cannot manage accruals upward apply more real activity management, and consequently their earnings are left affected by management actions.In 14 European countries, the diversity of regulations that govern statutory audits provides us with the opportunity to analyze how audit regulation affects audit fees. Using a sample of 4293 European firms over the period 2003 to 2011, in the second study we analyze the attributes of audit regulation, namely duration of audit tenure, restrictions on provision of non-audit services and nature of the auditors’ liability joint audit. Based on Our main results, in addition to usual determinants of audit fees (auditor reputation, firm size, leverage, audit risk…), the three attributes under study impact audit fees significantly. Fees are lower when regulation allows long audit tenure, or non-audit services, as well as when the auditor’s liability is based on tort law
Marain, Gaëtan. "La juridicisation de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090008.
Full textSocial responsibility standards voluntarily set by a company create obligations both in respect of their issuers and their receptors. Law operates a double movement of legalization (they shall become binding for employees) and control (this binding nature is to exist only if it satisfies the justification and proportionality criteria) to standards that create new constraints for employees. The employer may, espacially by means of a code of conduct, restrict the exercise of freedom of its employees provided that such limitation is justified by the interest of the company and proportionate to the aim pursued. In addition, under the influence of a renovated corporate governance, social interest is now open to the interests of stakeholders. This changes the responsibilities of executives and forces them to set up and report on their corporate social responsibility policies. Once acquired the idea that a company has to integrate social responsibility into its business, the question of the legal nature of the measures implemented comes into play. One may distinguish on the one hand unilateral initiatives of the company, usually by means of a code of conduct and, on the other hand, concerted initiatives taking the form of international framework agreements. Both of these CSR instruments are relatively foreign to lawyers. After comparing codes of conduct and unilateral commitments, I attempted to legally qualify international framework agreements through a contractual perspective. From these analyzes, it appears that commitments entered into by a company, whether unilaterally or adopted after consultation, generate binding obligations. Standards of corporate social responsibility are subject to a process of legalization and individuals can now usefully use them as part of a trial to assert their claims
Alshammari, Turki. "The composition and characteristics of stockholders in GCC markets, and their response to the released information : an application to credit rating agencies' and Imams' announcements." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0098.
Full textWe examine the possible influence of the domination of individual investors on stock markets’ behaviour in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with respect to the credit rating agencies’ and Imams’ “Islamic scholars” announcements. We assume that the English language used by the international Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) to publish their news may fail to reduce the asymmetric information in GCC markets, due to the low level of English knowledge amongst the individual investors. We also assume that Sharia law (Islamic law) is an essential characteristic that is likely to affect the formulation of investment decisions in GCC countries. Hence, we suggest, in Saudi Arabia, the Imams’ announcements (the announcements that classify the listed firms in Saudi Stock Exchange to Sharia and non-Sharia compliant firms) are likely to affect the stock prices and the firms’ financial health. Arguing that the religious status of a firm may control the market reaction to CRAs’ decisions, as Sharia legitimacy might come first compared to the default risk. To examine our assumptions, we firstly apply a questionnaire to investigate the behaviour of individual investors in the Saudi market. We tend to investigate how the individual investors reach the financial information concerning the stock market, and how these individuals treat the foreign news (announced in the English language). We find that the majority of individual investors tend to rely only on the Arabic sources and pay attention to the translated news, whereas following the English news directly from the source is appeared to be only amongst the individual investors who understand the English language. Regarding the Imams’ announcements, we also aim in our questionnaire to find out whether the religion factor plays a role in their investment’ decisions, and to which extent the religious status of a firm can affect the individual investors’ desire to hold and purchase its securities. This investigation will allow us to examine whether the religion factor has the power to impact the firms’ financial health in high religious markets, which also allows us to suggest taking into consideration this factor when assessing firms for a credit rating in high religious areas. Based on the survey, the findings indicate an essential role played by the religion amongst the individual investors, where the religion factor is likely to affect the market as much as other financial indicators could do. Secondly, we apply an event study methodology and find positive (negative) abnormal returns following the positive (negative) credit rating events, indicating that the market participants see the positive (negative) rating events as good (bad) news. Interestingly, the stock reaction on markets characterised with lower individual investors’ domination is found to occur faster than on the markets characterised with higher individual investors’ domination. We assume the language used by the CRAs to publish their decisions is likely to be one cause of the lag, due to the low level of English knowledge amongst the individual investors. Then, we use the raw data of a previous Meta-Analysis study with respect to the CRAs’ announcements, to examine the difference in times of reactions in markets located in Anglophone countries and non-Anglophone countries. The results provide insights about a faster response in Anglophone countries than non-Anglophone countries. Furthermore, the event study applied on the Imams’ announcements in the Saudi market proves the influence of the religion factor on the stock prices, as the market immediately reacts positively (negatively) to the Imams’ announcements.Therefore, we suggest that international CRAs should 1- choose the proper language to deliver their opinions (not only in English), and 2- take into consideration the religion factor when assessing firms in high religious areas, especially the ones characterized by a high proportion of individual investors
Bouobda, Jackson. "L'encadrement du droit à l'information des actionnaires en contexte d'offres publiques d'achat hostiles." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19964.
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