Journal articles: 'Information filters'

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Lu, Feng, Yihuan Huang, Jinquan Huang, and Xiaojie Qiu. "Gas turbine performance monitoring based on extended information fusion filter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018776398.

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Performance monitoring is a critical issue for gas turbine engine for improving the operation safety and reducing the maintenance cost. With regard to this, variants of Kalman-filters-based state estimation have been employed to detect gas turbine performance, but the classical centralized Kalman filters are subject to heavy computational effort and poor fault tolerance. A novel nonlinear fusion filter algorithm using information description with distributed architecture is proposed and applied to gas turbine performance monitoring. This methodology is developed from federated Kalman filter, and a bank of local extended information filters and one information mixer are combined with extended information fusion filter. The local state estimates and covariance calculated in parallel by the local extended information filters are integrated in the information mixer to yield a global state estimate. The global state estimate of nonlinear system is fed back to the local filters with weighted factor for next iteration. The aim of the proposed methodology is to reduce the computational efforts of state estimation and improve robustness to sensor faults in cases of gas turbine performance monitoring. The simulation results on a turbofan engine confirm the extended information fusion filter's effective capabilities in comparison to the general central ones.

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Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya. "Partial Information Filters." Digital Signal Processing 4, no. 3 (July 1994): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dspr.1994.1014.

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Newton, Nigel J. "Information geometric nonlinear filtering." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 18, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025715500149.

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This paper develops information geometric representations for nonlinear filters in continuous time. The posterior distribution associated with an abstract nonlinear filtering problem is shown to satisfy a stochastic differential equation on a Hilbert information manifold. This supports the Fisher metric as a pseudo-Riemannian metric. Flows of Shannon information are shown to be connected with the quadratic variation of the process of posterior distributions in this metric. Apart from providing a suitable setting in which to study such information-theoretic properties, the Hilbert manifold has an appropriate topology from the point of view of multi-objective filter approximations. A general class of finite-dimensional exponential filters is shown to fit within this framework, and an intrinsic evolution equation, involving Amari's -1-covariant derivative, is developed for such filters. Three example systems, one of infinite dimension, are developed in detail.

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Horvath, Alexander, Michael Murböck, Roland Pail, and Martin Horwath. "Decorrelation of GRACE Time Variable Gravity Field Solutions Using Full Covariance Information." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090323.

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In this study the feasibility and performance of time variable decorrelation (VADER) filters derived from covariance information on decadal Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) time series are investigated. The VADER filter is based on publicly available data that are provided by several GRACE processing centers, and does not need its own Level-2 processing chain. Numerical closed loop simulations, incorporating stochastic and deterministic error budgets, serve as basis for the design of the filter setup, and the resulting filters are subsequently applied for real data processing. The closed loop experiments demonstrate the impact of temporally varying error and signal covariance matrices that are used for the design of decorrelation filters. The results indicate an average reduction of cumulative geoid height errors of 15% using time-variable instead of static decorrelation. Based on the simulation experience, a real data filtering procedure is designed and set up. It is applied to the ITSG-Grace2014 time variable gravity field time series with its associated full monthly covariance matrices. To assess the validity of the approach, linear mass trend estimates for the Antarctic Peninsula are computed using VADER filters and compared to previous estimates from both, GRACE and other mass balance estimation techniques. The mass change results obtained show very good agreement with other estimates and are robust against variations of the filter strength. The DDK decorrelation filter serves as main benchmark for the assessment of the VADER filter. For comparable filter strengths the VADER filters achieve a better de-striping and deliver smaller formal errors than static filters like the DDK.

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Dávalos, Antonio, Meryem Jabloun, Philippe Ravier, and Olivier Buttelli. "The Impact of Linear Filter Preprocessing in the Interpretation of Permutation Entropy." Entropy 23, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070787.

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Permutation Entropy (PE) is a powerful tool for measuring the amount of information contained within a time series. However, this technique is rarely applied directly on raw signals. Instead, a preprocessing step, such as linear filtering, is applied in order to remove noise or to isolate specific frequency bands. In the current work, we aimed at outlining the effect of linear filter preprocessing in the final PE values. By means of the Wiener–Khinchin theorem, we theoretically characterize the linear filter’s intrinsic PE and separated its contribution from the signal’s ordinal information. We tested these results by means of simulated signals, subject to a variety of linear filters such as the moving average, Butterworth, and Chebyshev type I. The PE results from simulations closely resembled our predicted results for all tested filters, which validated our theoretical propositions. More importantly, when we applied linear filters to signals with inner correlations, we were able to theoretically decouple the signal-specific contribution from that induced by the linear filter. Therefore, by providing a proper framework of PE linear filter characterization, we improved the PE interpretation by identifying possible artifact information introduced by the preprocessing steps.

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Srinivasa, K. G., N. Pramod, K. R. Venugopal, and L. M. Patnaik. "Effects of Information Filters." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2012040101.

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In the Internet era, information processing for personalization and relevance has been one of the key topics of research and development. It ranges from design of applications like search engines, web crawlers, learning engines to reverse image searches, audio processed search, auto complete, etc. Information retrieval plays a vital role in most of the above mentioned applications. A part of information retrieval which deals with personalization and rendering is often referred to as Information Filtering. The emphasis of this paper is to empirically analyze the information filters commonly seen and to analyze their correctness and effects. The measure of correctness is not in terms of percentage of correct results but instead a rational approach of analysis using a non mathematical argument is presented. Filters employed by Google’s search engine are used to analyse the effects of filtering on the web. A plausible solution to the errors of filtering phenomenon is also discussed.

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Cherepanov, Igor Vladimirovich. "Information filters of consciousness." Interactive science, no. 3 (13) (March 22, 2017): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118099.

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SHUI, PENG-LANG, and XIAO-LONG WANG. "2M-BAND INTERLEAVED DFT MODULATED FILTER BANKS WITH PERFECT RECONSTRUCTION." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 06, no. 04 (July 2008): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021969130800246x.

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In this paper, we propose a new family of perfect reconstruction (PR) complex filter banks, named interleaved discrete Fourier transform modulated filter banks (Interleaved DFT-FBs). In the filter banks, the analysis filters are generated by interlaced exponential modulating two different analysis prototype filters, and the synthesis filters are generated by two different synthesis prototype filters via the same manner. The filter banks have a simple polyphase structure similar to DFT modulated filter banks (DFT-FBs). More importantly, the proposed Interleaved DFT-FBs can achieve critically sampled PR complex filter bank with FIR analysis and synthesis filters, which is impossible for DFT-FBs. We give and prove the PR condition for 2M-band Interleaved DFT-FBs. Utilizing the result, the design procedure of the prototype filters is presented. In addition, by the theoretic analysis and numerical examples, it is shown that the analysis and synthesis filters cannot simultaneously provide good stopband attenuation for the critically sampled PR Interleaved DFT-FBs. Although the limitation always exits, the filter banks can find applications in some subband coding systems of high bit rate.

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Lefebvre, Carol, Julie Glanville, Sophie Beale, Charles Boachie, Steven Duffy, Cynthia Fraser, Jenny Harbour, Rachael McCool, and Lynne Smith. "Assessing the performance of methodological search filters to improve the efficiency of evidence information retrieval: five literature reviews and a qualitative study." Health Technology Assessment 21, no. 69 (November 2017): 1–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21690.

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BackgroundEffective study identification is essential for conducting health research, developing clinical guidance and health policy and supporting health-care decision-making. Methodological search filters (combinations of search terms to capture a specific study design) can assist in searching to achieve this.ObjectivesThis project investigated the methods used to assess the performance of methodological search filters, the information that searchers require when choosing search filters and how that information could be better provided.MethodsFive literature reviews were undertaken in 2010/11: search filter development and testing; comparison of search filters; decision-making in choosing search filters; diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) study methods; and decision-making in choosing diagnostic tests. We conducted interviews and a questionnaire with experienced searchers to learn what information assists in the choice of search filters and how filters are used. These investigations informed the development of various approaches to gathering and reporting search filter performance data. We acknowledge that there has been a regrettable delay between carrying out the project, including the searches, and the publication of this report, because of serious illness of the principal investigator.ResultsThe development of filters most frequently involved using a reference standard derived from hand-searching journals. Most filters were validated internally only. Reporting of methods was generally poor. Sensitivity, precision and specificity were the most commonly reported performance measures and were presented in tables. Aspects of DTA study methods are applicable to search filters, particularly in the development of the reference standard. There is limited evidence on how clinicians choose between diagnostic tests. No published literature was found on how searchers select filters. Interviewing and questioning searchers via a questionnaire found that filters were not appropriate for all tasks but were predominantly used to reduce large numbers of retrieved records and to introduce focus. The Inter Technology Appraisal Support Collaboration (InterTASC) Information Specialists’ Sub-Group (ISSG) Search Filters Resource was most frequently mentioned by both groups as the resource consulted to select a filter. Randomised controlled trial (RCT) and systematic review filters, in particular the Cochrane RCT and the McMaster Hedges filters, were most frequently mentioned. The majority indicated that they used different filters depending on the requirement for sensitivity or precision. Over half of the respondents used the filters available in databases. Interviewees used various approaches when using and adapting search filters. Respondents suggested that the main factors that would make choosing a filter easier were the availability of critical appraisals and more detailed performance information. Provenance and having the filter available in a central storage location were also important.LimitationsThe questionnaire could have been shorter and could have included more multiple choice questions, and the reviews of filter performance focused on only four study designs.ConclusionsSearch filter studies should use a representative reference standard and explicitly report methods and results. Performance measures should be presented systematically and clearly. Searchers find filters useful in certain circumstances but expressed a need for more user-friendly performance information to aid filter choice. We suggest approaches to use, adapt and report search filter performance. Future work could include research around search filters and performance measures for study designs not addressed here, exploration of alternative methods of displaying performance results and numerical synthesis of performance comparison results.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and Medical Research Council–NIHR Methodology Research Programme (grant number G0901496).

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Rohini, R., N. V. Satya Narayana, and Durgesh Nandan. "A Crystal View on the Design of FIR Filter." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9052.

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In audio and video signal processing main element is the FIR filter. This paper presents complete information regarding the FIR filters. It also focuses on the design of FIR filters which provide low-area, energy-delay, low-power consumption, high-speed, low critical path, and low complexity. Implementation of FIR filters with different methods like memory-based VLSI architecture, filters for sampling rate conversion, linear phase FIR filters, optimal hybrid form FIR filters, Nyquist filters, hybrid multiplier less FIR filters, low complexity FIR filters, variable partition hybrid form FIR filters, area efficiency FIR filters are discussed in this paper. The objective of this paper to provide all related information regarding FIR filters at one platform.

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Wang, Lijun, and Sisi Wang. "High Degree Cubature Federated Filter for Multisensor Information Fusion with Correlated Noises." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5252487.

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This paper proposes an improved high degree cubature federated filter for the nonlinear fusion system with cross-correlation between process and measurement noises at the same time using the fifth-degree cubature rule and the decorrelated principle in its local filters. The master filter of the federated filter adopts the no-reset mode to fuse local estimates of local filters to generate a global estimate according to the scalar weighted rule. The air-traffic maneuvering target tracking simulations are performed between the proposed filter and the fifth-degree cubature federated filter. Simulations results demonstrate that the proposed filter not only can achieve almost the same accuracy as the fifth-degree cubature federated filter with independent white noises, but also has superior performance to the fifth-degree cubature federated filter while the noises are cross-correlated at the same time.

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Schauland, Sam, Joerg Velten, and Anton Kummert. "Detection of Moving Objects in Image Sequences using 3D Velocity Filters." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-008-0002-2.

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Detection of Moving Objects in Image Sequences using 3D Velocity FiltersA movement analysis of objects contained in visual scenes can be performed by means of linear multidimensional filters, which have already been analyzed in the past. While the soundness of the results was convincing, interest in those systems declined due to the limited computational power of contemporary computers. Recent advances in design and implementation of integrated circuits and hardware architectures allow realizing velocity filters if then-D system is carefully adapted to the analyzed problem. In this paper, the fundamental principles of visual scene analysis by linear multidimensional filters are examined with respect to possible sources of degradation. The extraction of movement information and its practical use are demonstrated using a wave digital filter (WDF) implementation.

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Rowlett, Russell J. "Abstracts and other information filters." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00047a005.

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Arce-Guevara, Valdemar E., Alfonso Alba-Cadena, and Martín O. Mendez. "Study of quadrature FIR filters for extraction of low-frequency instantaneous information in biophysical signals." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 05 (March 20, 2017): 1750065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117500656.

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Quadrature bandpass filters take a real-valued signal and output an analytic signal from which the instantaneous amplitude and phase can be computed. For this reason, they represent a useful tool to extract time-varying, narrow-band information from electrophysiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG) or electrocardiogram. One of the defining characteristics of quadrature filters is its null response to negative frequencies. However, when the frequency band of interest is close to 0 Hz, a careless filter design could let through negative frequencies, producing distortions in the amplitude and phase of the output. In this work, three types of quadrature filters (Ideal, Gabor and Sinusoidal) have been evaluated using both artificial and real EEG signals. For the artificial signals, the performance of each filter was measured in terms of the distortion in amplitude and phase, and sensitivity to noise and bandwidth selection. For the real EEG signals, a qualitative evaluation of the dynamics of the synchronization between two EEG channels was performed. The results suggest that, while all filters under study behave similarly under noise, they differ in terms of their sensitivity to bandwidth choice. In this study, the Sinusoidal filter showed clear advantages for the estimation of low-frequency EEG synchronization.

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Kelly, Kate. "Applying the Narrow Forms of PubMed Methods-based and Topic-based Filters Increases Nephrologists’ Search Efficiency." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2012): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8cg7n.

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Objective – To determine whether the use of PubMed methods-based filters and topic-based filters, alone or in combination, improves physician searching. Design – Mixed methods, survey questionnaire, comparative. Setting – Canada. Subjects – Random sample of Canadian nephrologists (n=153), responses (n=115), excluded (n=15), total (n=100). Methods – The methods are described in detail in a previously published study protocol by a subset of the authors (Shariff et al., 2010). One hundred systematic reviews on renal therapy were identified using the EvidenceUpdates service (http://plus.mcmaster.ca/EvidenceUpdates) and a clinical question was derived from each review. Randomly-selected Canadian nephrologists were randomly assigned a unique clinical question derived from the reviews and asked, by survey, to provide the search query they would use to search PubMed. The survey was administered until one valid search query for each of the one hundred questions was received. The physician search was re-executed and compared to searches where either or both methods-based and topic-based filters were applied. Nine searches for each question were conducted: the original physician search, a broad and narrow form of the clinical queries therapy filter, a broad and narrow form of the nephrology topic filter and combinations of broad and narrow forms of both filters. Significance tests of comprehensiveness (proportion of relevant articles found) and efficiency (ratio of relevant to non-relevant articles) of the filtered and unfiltered searches were conducted. The primary studies included in the systematic reviews were set as the reference standard for relevant articles. As physicians indicated they did not scan beyond two pages of default PubMed results, primary analysis was also repeated on search results restricted to the first 40 records. The ability of the filters to retrieve highly-relevant or highly-cited articles was also tested, with an article being considered highly-relevant if referenced by UpToDate and highly-cited if its citation count was greater than the median citation count of all relevant articles for that question – there was an average of eight highly-cited articles per question. To reduce the risk of type I error, the conservative method of Bonferroni was applied so that tests with a p less than 0.003 were interpreted as statistically significant. Main Results – Response rate 75%. Physician-provided search terms retrieved 46% of relevant articles and a ratio of relevant to non-relevant articles of 1:16 (p less than 0.003). Applying the narrow forms of both the nephrology and clinical queries filters together produced the greatest overall improvement, with efficiency improving by 16% and comprehensiveness remaining unchanged. Applying a narrow form of the clinical queries filter increased efficiency by 17% (p less than 0.003) but decreased comprehensiveness by 8% (p less than 0.003). No combination of search filters produced improvements in both comprehensiveness and efficiency. When results were restricted to the first 40 citations, the use of the narrow form of the clinical queries filter alone improved overall search performance – comprehensiveness improved from 13% to 26 % and efficiency from 5.5% to 23%. For highly-cited or highly-relevant articles the combined use of the narrow forms of both filters produced the greatest overall improvement in efficiency but no significant change in comprehensiveness. Conclusion – The use of PubMed search filters improves the efficiency of physician searches and saves time and frustration. Applying clinical filters for quick clinical searches can significantly improve the efficiency of physician searching. Improved search performance has the potential to enhance the transfer of research into practice and improve patient care.

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Breda, I. L., L. Ramsay, D. A. Søborg, R. Dimitrova, and P. Roslev. "Manganese removal processes at 10 groundwater fed full-scale drinking water treatment plants." Water Quality Research Journal 54, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2019.006.

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Abstract Manganese (Mn) removal in drinking water filters is facilitated by biological and physico-chemical processes. However, there is limited information about the dominant processes for Mn removal in full-scale matured filters with different filter materials over filter depth. Water and filter material samples were collected from 10 full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) to characterise the Mn removal processes, to evaluate the potential use of enhancers and to gain further insight on operational conditions of matured filters for the efficient Mn removal. The first-order Mn removal constant at the DWTPs varied from 10−2 to 10−1 min−1. The amount of Mn coating on the filter material grains showed a strong correlation with the amount of iron, calcium and total coating, but no correlation with the concentration of ATP. Inhibition of biological activity showed that Mn removal in matured filters was dominated by physico-chemical processes (59–97%). Addition of phosphorus and trace metals showed limited effect on Mn removal capacity, indicating that the enhancement of Mn removal in matured filters is possible but challenging. There was limited effect of the filter material type (quartz, calcium carbonate and anthracite) on Mn removal in matured filters, which can be relevant information for the industry when assessing filter designs and determining returns of investments. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).

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Li, J., and Z. Lu. "Developing Topic-specific Search Filters for PubMed with Click-through Data." Methods of Information in Medicine 52, no. 05 (2013): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me12-01-0054.

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SummaryObjectives: Search filters have been developed and demonstrated for better information access to the immense and ever-growing body of publications in the biomedical domain. However, to date the number of filters remains quite limited because the current filter development methods require significant human efforts in manual document review and filter term selection. In this regard, we aim to investigate automatic methods for generating search filters.Methods: We present an automated method to develop topic-specific filters on the basis of users’ search logs in PubMed. Specifically, for a given topic, we first detect its relevant user queries and then include their corresponding clicked articles to serve as the topic-relevant document set accordingly. Next, we statistically identify informative terms that best represent the topic-relevant document set using a background set composed of topic irrelevant articles. Lastly, the selected representative terms are combined with Boolean operators and evaluated on benchmark datasets to derive the final filter with the best performance.Results: We applied our method to develop filters for four clinical topics: nephrology, diabetes, pregnancy, and depression. For the nephrology filter, our method obtained performance comparable to the state of the art (sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity of 98.7%, precision of 94.6%, and accuracy of 97.2%). Similarly, high-performing results (over 90% in all measures) were obtained for the other three search filters.Conclusion: Based on PubMed click-through data, we successfully developed a high-performance method for generating topic-specific search filters that is significantly more efficient than existing manual methods. All data sets (topic-relevant and irrelevant document sets) used in this study and a demonstration system are publicly available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Lu/downloads/CQ_filter/

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Al-Radaideh, Qasem A., Ahmed F. AlEroud, and Emad M. Al-Shawakfa. "A hybrid approach to detecting alerts in Arabic e-mail messages." Journal of Information Science 38, no. 1 (January 10, 2012): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551511423151.

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Detecting alert e-mails received daily by millions of subscribers from online news providers is a relatively new area of research which falls within the e-mail filtering field of research. Alert e-mails may address government, political issues, breaking news, and criminal attacks. This article proposes a hybrid approach based on both the Graham statistical filter and rule-based filters to detect and filter Arabic alert e-mails. The approach is basically language-independent. To test the performance of the proposed approach, several experiments have been conducted using a set of 1500 Arabic messages related to criminal activities collected manually from some news websites such as Al-Jazeera Net and BBC Arabic news. The results showed that the proposed approach has achieved a competitive performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and F-measure, where about 87% of the messages tested have been correctly detected and filtered by the proposed filter.

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Psiaki, Mark L. "The Square Root Information Increment Ensemble Filter." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 12 (November 9, 2016): 4667–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0295.1.

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Abstract A new type of ensemble filter is developed, one that stores and updates its state information in an efficient square root information filter form. It addresses two shortcomings of conventional ensemble Kalman filters: the coarse characterization of random forecast model error effects and the overly optimistic approximation of the estimation error statistics. The new filter uses an assumed a priori covariance approximation that is full rank but sparse, possibly with a dense low-rank increment. This matrix can be used to develop a nominal square root information equation for the system state and uncertainty. The measurements are used to develop an additional low-rank square root information equation. New algorithms provide forecasts and analyses of these increments at a computational cost comparable to that of existing ensemble Kalman filters. Model error effects are implicit in the a priori covariance time history, thereby obviating one of the reasons for including an inflation operation. The use of an a priori full-rank covariance allows the analysis operations to improve the state estimate without the need for a localization adjustment. This new filter exhibited worse performance than a typical covariance square root ensemble Kalman filter when operating on the Lorenz-96 problem in a chaotic regime. It excelled on a version of the Lorenz-96 problem where nonlinearities in the forecast model were weak, where the state vector uncertainty lay predominantly in a small subspace, and where the observations were spatially sparse. Such a problem might be representative of ionospheric space weather data assimilation where forcing variability can dominate the state uncertainty and where remote sensing data coverage can be sparse.

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Wang, Yintao, Junbing Li, and Qi Sun. "Coordinated Target Tracking by Distributed Unscented Information Filter in Sensor Networks with Measurement Constraints." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/402732.

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Tracking a target in a cluttered environment is a representative application of sensor networks. In this paper, we develop a distributed approach to estimate the motion states of a target using noisy measurements. Our method consists of two parts. In first phase, using the unscented sigma-point transformation techniques and information filter framework, a class of algorithms denoted as unscented information filters was developed to estimate the states of a target to be tracked. These techniques exhibit robustness and accuracy of sigma-point filters for nonlinear dynamic inference while being as easily fused as the information filters. In the second phase, we proposed a novel consensus protocol which allows each sensor node to find a consistent estimate of the value of the target. Under this protocol, the final estimate of the value of the target at each time step is iteratively updated only by fusing the neighbors’ measurements when one sensor node is out of the measurement scope of the target. Performance of the distributed unscented information filter is demonstrated and discussed on a target tracking task.

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de Raadt, J. D. R. "Cybernetic Filters and Management Information Systems." Kybernetes 21, no. 3 (March 1992): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb005926.

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Stevens, Curt. "Automating the creation of information filters." Communications of the ACM 35, no. 12 (December 1992): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/138859.138863.

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Stadnyk, Irene, and Robert Kass. "Modeling users' interests in information filters." Communications of the ACM 35, no. 12 (December 1992): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/138859.138864.

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Rowe, N. C., and A. Zaky. "Load balancing of parallelized information filters." IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 14, no. 2 (2002): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/69.991730.

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Zhang, Huanchen, Hyeontaek Lim, Viktor Leis, David G. Andersen, Michael Kaminsky, Kimberly Keeton, and Andrew Pavlo. "Succinct Range Filters." ACM Transactions on Database Systems 45, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3375660.

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Ince, Ibrahim Furkan, Omer Faruk Ince, and Faruk Bulut. "MID Filter: An Orientation-Based Nonlinear Filter For Reducing Multiplicative Noise." Electronics 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090936.

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In this study, an edge-preserving nonlinear filter is proposed to reduce multiplicative noise by using a filter structure based on mathematical morphology. This method is called the minimum index of dispersion (MID) filter. MID is an improved and extended version of MCV (minimum coefficient of variation) and MLV (mean least variance) filters. Different from these filters, this paper proposes an extra-layer for the value-and-criterion function in which orientation information is employed in addition to the intensity information. Furthermore, the selection function is re-modeled by performing low-pass filtering (mean filtering) to reduce multiplicative noise. MID outputs are benchmarked with the outputs of MCV and MLV filters in terms of structural similarity index (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (MSE), standard deviation, and contrast value metrics. Additionally, F Score, which is a hybrid metric that is the combination of all five of those metrics, is presented in order to evaluate all the filters. Experimental results and extensive benchmarking studies show that the proposed method achieves promising results better than conventional MCV and MLV filters in terms of robustness in both edge preservation and noise removal. Noise filter methods normally cannot give better results in noise removal and edge-preserving at the same time. However, this study proves a great contribution that MID filter produces better results in both noise cleaning and edge preservation.

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Vizilter, Y. V., A. Y. Rubis, and S. Y. Zheltov. "CHANGE DETECTION VIA SELECTIVE GUIDED CONTRASTING FILTERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 31, 2017): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-403-2017.

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Change detection scheme based on guided contrasting was previously proposed. Guided contrasting filter takes two images (test and sample) as input and forms the output as filtered version of test image. Such filter preserves the similar details and smooths the non-similar details of test image with respect to sample image. Due to this the difference between test image and its filtered version (difference map) could be a basis for robust change detection. Guided contrasting is performed in two steps: at the first step some smoothing operator (SO) is applied for elimination of test image details; at the second step all matched details are restored with local contrast proportional to the value of some local similarity coefficient (LSC). The guided contrasting filter was proposed based on local average smoothing as SO and local linear correlation as LSC. In this paper we propose and implement new set of selective guided contrasting filters based on different combinations of various SO and thresholded LSC. Linear average and Gaussian smoothing, nonlinear median filtering, morphological opening and closing are considered as SO. Local linear correlation coefficient, morphological correlation coefficient (MCC), mutual information, mean square MCC and geometrical correlation coefficients are applied as LSC. Thresholding of LSC allows operating with non-normalized LSC and enhancing the selective properties of guided contrasting filters: details are either totally recovered or not recovered at all after the smoothing. These different guided contrasting filters are tested as a part of previously proposed change detection pipeline, which contains following stages: guided contrasting filtering on image pyramid, calculation of difference map, binarization, extraction of change proposals and testing change proposals using local MCC. Experiments on real and simulated image bases demonstrate the applicability of all proposed selective guided contrasting filters. All implemented filters provide the robustness relative to weak geometrical discrepancy of compared images. Selective guided contrasting based on morphological opening/closing and thresholded morphological correlation demonstrates the best change detection result.

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NEUMANN, JULIA, and GABRIELE STEIDL. "DUAL-TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN AND AN APPLICATION TO SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 03, no. 01 (March 2005): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691305000749.

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We examine Kingsbury's dual-tree complex wavelet transform in the frequency domain where it can be formulated for standard wavelet filters without special filter design. We prove that the dual-tree filter bank construction leads to wavelets with vanishing negative frequency parts, present numerical examples illustrating the improvement of translation and rotation invariance for various standard wavelet filters and apply the method to the classification of signals.

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Chang, R. J. "Precomputed-Gain Nonlinear Filters for Nonlinear Systems With State-Dependent Noise." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896135.

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Two precomputed-gain nonlinear filters are proposed for estimating the states of nonlinear systems corrupted by both external and parametric noises and subjected to linear noisy measurement systems. The exact nonlinear filters are first formulated through the Kolmogorov and Kushner’s equations. The concepts of equivalent external excitation combined with statistical linearization or local linearization are then employed to derive two precomputed-gain nonlinear filters. The resulting filters are shown to have the same structure as that of extended Kalman filter but filter-gain histories can be precomputed. Simulation results obtained from the proposed nonlinear filters and the corresponding linear filters for Duffing-type stochastic systems are compared through Monte Carlo techniques.

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Sun, Z., and Y. Song. "STRUCTURAL INFORMATION DETECTION BASED FILTER FOR GF-3 SAR IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1617-2018.

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GF-3 satellite with high resolution, large swath, multi-imaging mode, long service life and other characteristics, can achieve allweather and all day monitoring for global land and ocean. It has become the highest resolution satellite system in the world with the C-band multi-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite. However, due to the coherent imaging system, speckle appears in GF-3 SAR images, and it hinders the understanding and interpretation of images seriously. Therefore, the processing of SAR images has big challenges owing to the appearance of speckle. The high-resolution SAR images produced by the GF-3 satellite are rich in information and have obvious feature structures such as points, edges, lines and so on. The traditional filters such as Lee filter and Gamma MAP filter are not appropriate for the GF-3 SAR images since they ignore the structural information of images. In this paper, the structural information detection based filter is constructed, successively including the point target detection in the smallest window, the adaptive windowing method based on regional characteristics, and the most homogeneous sub-window selection. The despeckling experiments on GF-3 SAR images demonstrate that compared with the traditional filters, the proposed structural information detection based filter can well preserve the points, edges and lines as well as smooth the speckle more sufficiently.

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Meslati, Djamel. "On ASPECTJ and Composition Filters: A Mapping of Concepts." Informatica 20, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 555–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2009.266.

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Rokke, Carolyn M. "Internet Filters." Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply 9, no. 4 (November 5, 1999): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j110v09n04_03.

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HUANG, CHAO, LIHUA YANG, and YANG WANG. "CONVERGENCE OF A CONVOLUTION-FILTERING-BASED ALGORITHM FOR EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION." Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 01, no. 04 (October 2009): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793536909000205.

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Lin et al. propose the iterative Toeplitz filters algorithm as an alternative iterative algorithm for Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). In this alternative algorithm, the average of the upper and lower envelopes is replaced by certain "moving average" obtained through a low-pass filter. Performing the traditional sifting algorithm with such moving averages is equivalent to iterating certain convolution filters (finite length Toeplitz filters). This paper studies the convergence of this algorithm for signals of continuous variables, and proves that the limit function of this iterative algorithm is an ideal high-pass filtering process.

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Breslow, Alex D., and Nuwan S. Jayasena. "Morton filters: fast, compressed sparse cuckoo filters." VLDB Journal 29, no. 2-3 (August 6, 2019): 731–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00778-019-00561-0.

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Sivakumar, K., Sakthiraam B, Santosh Snehal. V, and Yogashivasankarri S. "Comparative analysis of elementary and edge-preserving spatial filters in noise removal – a comprehensive study." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 22, 2021): 1244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/06448.

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Preserving the edges and information is one of the main purposes of edge-preserving filters. That is, they’re employed to smooth a picture, and minimize halos, phantoms, and edge blur over the edge. They have a nonlinear relationship between one thing and another. Bilateral filters, anisotropic diffusion filters, directed filters, and trilateral filters are all types of example filters. The filter family may be used in a wide range of image processing tasks, such as denoising, video abstraction, demosaicing, optical flow estimation, stereo matching, tone mapping, style transfer, relighting, and others. The paper gives a clear description of edge-preserving filters, from the heat diffusion equation in ancient times to the present, explaining their numerous applications and detailing their numerous uses. Additionally, mathematical analysis is included, as well as efficient and optimized implementations. The focus is on preserving the boundaries, spikes, and canyons, and the information is given clearly and in detail. Finally, it offers a realistic representation of efficient implementation, as well as a comprehensive research scope for future hardware implementation.

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Li, Mingai, Ruotu Wang, Jinfu Yang, and Lijuan Duan. "An Improved Refined Composite Multivariate Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy Method for MI-EEG Feature Extraction." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2019 (March 28, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7529572.

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Feature extraction of motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) has shown good application prospects in the field of medical health. Also, multivariate entropy-based feature extraction methods have been gradually applied to analyze complex multichannel biomedical signals, such as EEG and electromyography. Compared with traditional multivariate entropies, refined composite multivariate multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCmvMFE) overcomes the defect of unstable entropy values caused by the scale factor increase and is beneficial towards obtaining richer feature information. However, the coarse-grained process of RCmvMFE is mean filtered, which weakens Gaussian noise and is powerless against random impulse noise interference. This yields poor quality feature information and low accuracy classification. In this paper, RCmvMFE is improved (IRCmvMFE) by using composite filters in the coarse-grained procedure to enhance filter performance. Median filters are employed to remove the impulse noise interference from multichannel MI-EEG signals, and these filtered MI-EEGs are further smoothed by the mean filters. The multiscale IRCmvMFEs are calculated for all channels of composite filtered MI-EEGs, forming a feature vector, and a support vector machine is used for pattern classification. Based on two public datasets with different motor imagery tasks, the recognition results of 10 × 10-fold cross-validation achieved 99.43% and 99.86%, respectively, and the statistical analysis of experimental results was completed, showing the effectiveness of IRCmvMFE, as well. The proposed IRCmvMFE-based feature extraction method is superior compared to entropy-based and traditional methods.

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Zhang, Huanchen, Hyeontaek Lim, Viktor Leis, David G. Andersen, Kimberly Keeton, and Andrew Pavlo. "Succinct Range Filters." ACM SIGMOD Record 48, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371316.3371335.

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Aguilar-Saborit, J., P. Trancoso, V. Muntes-Mulero, and J. L. Larriba-Pey. "Dynamic count filters." ACM SIGMOD Record 35, no. 1 (March 2006): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1121995.1122000.

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Stelmach, Jacek. "On Using a Genetic Algorithm in the Designing of Linear Digital Filters." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 1, no. 346 (February 3, 2020): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.346.07.

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Digital filters, either as filters with moving average (Finite Impulse Response) or autoregressive filters (Infinite Impulse Response), are widely used in noise suppression, signal processing or extracting information from data streams. Although well‑known theory allows for optimal parameter selection, there still exist such real applications where requirements limit the use of digital filters. One of the most important limitations is the response time delay caused by too many used lagged input signals. The method proposed in the article allows us to estimate filter parameters with a genetic algorithm, decreasing its delay but keeping the requirements important for the user (e.g.: attenuation). Transfer functions of such filters were compared with transfer functions of the most known classical filters.

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Chen, Nan, and Andrew J. Majda. "Model Error in Filtering Random Compressible Flows Utilizing Noisy Lagrangian Tracers." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 11 (October 5, 2016): 4037–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0438.1.

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Abstract Lagrangian tracers are drifters and floaters that collect real-time information of fluid flows. This paper studies the model error in filtering multiscale random rotating compressible flow fields utilizing noisy Lagrangian tracers. The random flow fields are defined through random amplitudes of Fourier eigenmodes of the rotating shallow-water equations that contain both incompressible geostrophically balanced (GB) flows and rotating compressible gravity waves, where filtering the slow-varying GB flows is of primary concern. Despite the inherent nonlinearity in the observations with mixed GB and gravity modes, there are closed analytical formulas for filtering the underlying flows. Besides the full optimal filter, two practical imperfect filters are proposed. An information-theoretic framework is developed for assessing the model error in the imperfect filters, which can apply to a single realization of the observations. All the filters are comparably skillful in a fast rotation regime (Rossby number ). In a moderate rotation regime (), significant model errors are found in the reduced filter containing only GB forecast model, while the computationally efficient 3D-Var filter with a diagonal covariance matrix remains skillful. First linear then nonlinear coupling of GB and gravity modes is introduced in the random Fourier amplitudes, while linear forecast models are retained to ensure the filter estimates have closed analytical expressions. All the filters remain skillful in the regime. In the regime, the full filter with a linear forecast model has an acceptable filtering skill, while large model errors are shown in the other two imperfect filters.

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Smith, Benjamin, Steven Hoff, Jay Harmon, Daniel Andersen, Jeffrey Zimmerman, and John Stinn. "Quantification of Site Layout and Filter Characteristics on Primary Filter Airflow Reduction on Commercial Swine Sites in Iowa." AgriEngineering 1, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering1020022.

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Fresh air intake filtration is used on commercial swine breeding-gestation-farrowing farms to reduce the frequency of airborne infectious agents. For swine producers, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are considered the most economically challenging airborne pathogens. Reduced frequency of disease outbreaks has been attributed to retrofitting existing systems with filtration. Economic analysis of operating costs includes energy use, maintenance and replacement of filters. Filter replacement, the largest operational cost, is dependent on filter lifespan. However, limited data is available on filter lifespan and the rate of airflow reduction during the high dust-loading periods typically encountered for filtered swine building ventilation systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) estimate the average primary filter airflow reduction per day, (2) identify the impact of factors related to site layout, filter characteristics and weather on airflow reduction rates of filters in positive-pressure ventilated buildings and (3) determine methods for reducing average primary filter airflow reduction rate per day during row-crop harvest season. Both filter brand and the installed orientation of the filter significantly (p = 0.0314, p = 0.0419, respectively) impacted airflow reduction rates. All site layout factors were significant (driveway side, p = 0.001; dormer orientation, p = 0.0001; and dormer configuration, p = 0.0001). The materials tested significantly reduced the airflow reduction rate during row-crop harvest. The information obtained in this study will aid producers when planning for filtration, highlight details relevant to the purchase and installation of filters, identify factors that affect filter lifespan and identify methods for improving filter lifespan.

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You, Yanan, Rui Wang, and Wenli Zhou. "An Optimized Filtering Method of Massive Interferometric SAR Data for Urban Areas by Online Tensor Decomposition." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162582.

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The filtering of multi-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) stack data is a necessary preprocessing step utilized to improve the accuracy of the object-based three-dimensional information inversion in urban area. InSAR stack data is composed of multi-temporal homogeneous data, which is regarded as a third-order tensor. The InSAR tensor can be filtered by data fusion, i.e., tensor decomposition, and these filters keep balance in the noise elimination and the fringe details preservation, especially with abrupt fringe change, e.g., the edge of urban structures. However, tensor decomposition based on batch processing cannot deal with few newly acquired interferograms filtering directly. The filtering of dynamic InSAR tensor is the inevitable challenge when processing InSAR stack data, where dynamic InSAR tensor denotes the size of InSAR tensor increases continuously due to the acquisition of new interferograms. Therefore, based on the online CANDECAMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition, we propose an online filter to fuse data and process the dynamic InSAR tensor, named OLCP-InSAR, which performs well especially for the urban area. In this method, CP rank is utilized to measure the tensor sparsity, which can maintain the structural features of the InSAR tensor. Additionally, CP rank estimation is applied as an important step to improve the robustness of Online CP decomposition - InSAR(OLCP-InSAR). Importing CP rank and outlier’s position as prior information, the filter fuses the noisy interferograms and decomposes the InSAR tensor to acquire the low rank information, i.e., filtered result. Moreover, this method can not only operate on tensor model, but also efficiently filter the new acquired interferogram as matrix model with the assistance of chosen low rank information. Compared with other tensor-based filters, e.g., high order robust principal component analysis (HoRPCA) and Kronecker-basis-representation multi-pass SAR interferometry (KBR-InSAR), and the widespread traditional filters operating on a single interferometric pair, e.g., Goldstein, non-local synthetic aperture radar (NL-SAR), non-local InSAR (NL-InSAR), and InSAR nonlocal block-matching 3-D (InSAR-BM3D), the effectiveness and robustness of OLCP-InSAR are proved in simulated and real InSAR stack data. Especially, OLCP-InSAR can maintain the fringe details at the regular building top with high noise intensity and high outlier ratio.

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RECIOUI, Abdelmadjid, Fatma Zohra HAMRIOUI, Kenza BENAMROUCHE, and Oussama MERABET. "Analog Filter Design: A Succinct Investigation." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v3i4.74.

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In many systems, it is essential to extract or enhance the desired information and remove the unwanted components. This is the simplest aim of signal processing where the filter turns out to be the key element. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of analog passive and active filters. Particularly, the interest goes to the conventional Butterworth, Chebychev and Bessel filter. A comparative study of these filters is done. The different circuits are simulated using the MULTISIM software to visualize the magnitude and phase responses. The procedure of designing the different filters is presented so that it can be used in any application.

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Shamir, Joseph, H. John Caulfield, and Joseph Rosen. "Pattern recognition using reduced information content filters." Applied Optics 26, no. 12 (June 15, 1987): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.002311.

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Davis, Jeffrey A., Don M. Cottrell, Juan Campos, María J. Yzuel, and Ignacio Moreno. "Encoding amplitude information onto phase-only filters." Applied Optics 38, no. 23 (August 10, 1999): 5004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.005004.

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Divakaran, A., and W. A. Pearlman. "Information-theoretic performance of quadrature mirror filters." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 41, no. 6 (1995): 2094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.476343.

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Wang, Junnan, Zhenhong Jia, Huicheng Lai, Jie Yang, and Nikola K. Kasabov. "A Multi-Information Fusion Correlation Filters Tracker." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 162022–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021235.

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Krivotsyuk, V. I., A. A. Matveev, and V. N. Popov. "Adaptive digital filters in information measurement systems." Measurement Techniques 30, no. 1 (January 1987): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00865713.

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Li, Juan, Hui Juan Hao, and Mao Li Wang. "The Particle Filter Algorithm Research for Target Tracking Based on Information Fusion." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.440.

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This paper researches the particle filters Algorithms for target tracking based on Information Fusion, it combines the traditional Kalman filter with the particle filter. For multi-sensor and multi-target tracking system with complex application background, which is nonlinear and non-gaussian system, the paper proposes an effective particle filtering algorithm based on information fusion for distributed sensor, this algorithm contributes to the solution of particle degradation problems and the phenomenon of particle lack, and achieve high precision for target tracking.

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Lee, Deok Jin, Kil To Chong, and Dong Pyo Hong. "Target Tracking in Sensor Networks Using Additive Divided Difference Information Filtering Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.503.

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This paper represents a new multiple sensor information fusion algorithm in distributed sensor networks using an additive divided difference information filter for nonlinear estimation and tracking applications. The newly proposed multi-sensor fusion algorithm is derived by utilizing an efficient new additive divided difference filtering algorithm with embedding statistical error propagation method into an information filtering architecture. The new additive divided difference information filter achieves not only the accurate nonlinear estimation solution, but also the flexibility of multiple information fusion in distributed sensor networks. Performance comparison of the proposed filter with the nonlinear information filters is demonstrated through a target-tracking application.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Information filters'

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