Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Information epidemic'
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Ogierman, Adrian [Verfasser]. "Epidemic spreading and information dissemination in technological and social systems / Adrian Ogierman." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060782995/34.
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Gustafsson, Magnus. "Evaluation of StochSD for Epidemic Modelling, Simulation and Stochastic Analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-426227.
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Classical Continuous System Simulation (CSS) is restricted to modelling continuous flows, and therefore, cannot correctly realise a conceptual model with discrete objects. The development of Full Potential CSS solves this problem by (1) handling discrete quantities as discrete and continuous matter as continuous, (2) preserving the sojourn time distribution of a stage, (3) implementing attributes correctly, and (4) describing different types of uncertainties in a proper way. In order to apply Full Potential CSS a new software, StochSD, has been developed. This thesis evaluates StochSD's ability to model Full Potential CSS, where the points 1-4 above are included. As a test model a well-defined conceptual epidemic model, which includes all aspects of Full Potential CSS, was chosen. The study was performed by starting with a classical SIR model and then stepwise add the different aspects of the Conceptual Model. The effects of each step were demonstrated in terms of size and duration of the epidemic. Finally, the conceptual model was also realised as an Agent Based Model (ABM). The results from 10 000 replications each of the CSS and ABM models were compared and no statistical differences could be confirmed. The conclusion is that StochSD passed the evaluation.
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Nabie, Mubashir Goolam. "Health information and its influence on the perception of tuberculosis (TB) patients: Current policies and practices at Brooklyn Chest Hospital." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6800.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminHIV and TB are major problems in the South African context and the burden of these diseases is proving detrimental to the development of the country. These diseases have been evident in the country for many years and in recent times the infection rates of TB and HIV has been alarming. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified TB as a problem and the world was to actively implement strategies to combat this epidemic. The issue with TB control strategies is the emergence of HIV which has been the largest contributing factor to the increase in the TB burden in South Africa and many countries like it. South Africa has made great strides in the control of HIV in areas such as mother to child transmission, awareness programs, initiation of ARVs and medical male circumcision which have proven to be successful. In contrast, the TB burden does not share the same fate. The number of deaths caused by TB is continuously rising, as well as the number of new Multi-drug resistant TB cases. Furthermore the emergence of Extreme –drug resistant TB is seen as a sign of a failing health system. Policy makers are now faced with fact that the Directly Observed Therapy Short course (DOTS) program for the prevention of TB is inadequate in an area with a high HIV prevalence, which is what South Africa is faced with. The research objectives are therefore to identify if knowledge from South African TB policies are being disseminated to people who suffer from TB, also to measure if a lack of knowledge may have an impact on treatment success. A policy analysis was done of 5 South African TB policies to identify areas of the policies which are patient specific. The TB policies emphasized a patient-centred approach and the researcher used this concept to motivate that patient-specific areas must be known by the patients. The specific areas identified were: TB specific areas, Treatment specific areas, Adherence specific areas and information/education specific areas. Based on the policy analysis a case study was conducted at Brooklyn Chest Hospital to measure implementation of the policies on the ground. The study found that education was adequate in areas around TB diagnosis, treatment length, signs and symptoms, and family education. The participants lacked knowledge in areas such as TB contacts, monitoring of TB disease, education of TB prior to diagnosis and a high prevalence of non-adherence and multiple cases of TB were found among the participants. Also, the Chi-Square test found no statistical significance between the length of admission to hospital and treatment outcome. The result also shows that of the participants studied, over 30% of the study had not adhered to TB treatment after discharge. The study finds that there are significant shortfalls in the knowledge of participants based on South African TB policies, with a high non-adherence rate before and after discharge. The study shows a lack in the implementation of policy directives on education, following a patient-centred approach, which is evident in the lack of knowledge found in the participants in many facets of the TB disease and the processes to control TB.
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Aboturkia, Amna. "A Study of the Effectiveness of Mobile Technology in the Major Fields and Opioid Epidemic." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562672587251166.
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盧偉明 and Brian L. Lo. "Lessons learned through the analysis of public responses towards the release of governmental information during the SARS epidemic in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657534.
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The risk perception as presented by the media is important because it is usually through the
media that the general population first receives information about an important event or crisis. The
unique position of the media comes with a responsibility to provide a ‘communication bridge’
between the government and the general population. However the editorial choices determining the
appropriateness of source, amount, and type of information conveyed to the public during a crisis is
influenced by the contextual environment. The issue attention framework proposed by Downs was
used to explore the possible links between the trajectory of a crisis and the media response may shed
some light on the populations perception of risk during a crisis (the Hong Kong SARS epidemic in
2003) in which WiseNews was used to search the grey literature. The articles identified were
classified into 4 categories: incidence, public health information, economy, and sensationalism by
date of publication. These categories were then plotted on the Hong Kong hospital admissions and
deaths epidemic curves. The study explored the potential link between key events during the Hong
Kong SARS epidemic and the specific content of the medial publications.published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
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Mahboubi, Arash. "Security of critical information infrastructures exposed to mobile personal devices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118743/1/Arash_Mahboubi_Thesis.pdf.
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Mobile personal devices with USB communication capabilities are essential elements of our modern lives. Their large-scale pervasive deployment within the population has promoted many malware attacks some of which are capable of infiltrating physically isolated critical control systems. This research investigates mobile malware capable of infecting and spreading through a system with heterogeneous computing, communication and storage components. Two novel prevention methods are presented: user accountability and system immunity. While the former uses a novel intrusive USB authentication, authorization and accounting solution, the latter exploits coding theory to make the system immune and allergic to the malware behaviour.
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Assis, Vanessa Costa. "Análise da qualidade das notificações de dengue informadas no SINAN, na epidemia de 2010, em uma cidade pólo da zona da mata do estado de Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1027.
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A dengue é uma doença viral que se apresenta como um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. Todo caso suspeito ou confirmado de dengue deve ser notificado no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN. Os dados inseridos nesse sistema representam uma importante fonte de informação para estudos epidemiológicos e para a avaliação da qualidade do mesmo. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar a qualidade das notificações de dengue informadas no SINAN, referentes à epidemia ocorrida em 2010 no município de Juiz de Fora – MG. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos do SINAN, disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental de Juiz de Fora. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, dados de residência, raça/cor, escolaridade, local provável de infecção, dados laboratoriais e clínico-epidemiológicos, assim como a completitude, o encerramento oportuno dos casos registrados no Sistema, a duplicidade e a consistência dos dados. Foram notificados 9396 casos de dengue em Juiz de Fora, dos quais 62,9% foram classificados como Dengue Clássico, 0,9% como Dengue com Complicações, 0,1% como Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue, 0,04% como Síndrome do Choque da Dengue, 4,9% casos descartados, 30,8% inconclusivos, 0,3% casos ignorados/em branco, sendo que entre o total dos casos notificados 0,2% evoluíram para óbito. A maioria dos casos foi constatada em indivíduos do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 32 a 59 anos, residentes na zona urbana, da raça branca, com ensino fundamental completo/incompleto e autóctones do município. A análise da completitude obteve classificação ruim para a maioria de seus campos, exceto para os de preenchimento obrigatório que receberam classificação excelente. Não foram encontradas notificações em duplicidade e 95,88% dos casos foram encerrados oportunamente. A análise da consistência obteve classificação excelente. As análises realizadas nesse trabalho apresentaram importantes informações para o conhecimento da epidemiologia da dengue em Juiz de Fora, consequentemente criando parâmetros para um melhor direcionamento das atividades de vigilância e controle da doença. Mostrou-se preocupante a quantidade de variáveis em branco/ignorado, apontando a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais sobre a importância do preenchimento dos instrumentos base dos sistemas de informação.
Dengue is a viral disease that presents itself as an important public health problem worldwide. All suspected or confirmed case of dengue should be notified in the Notifiable Hazards Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN). Data included in this system represent an important source of information for epidemiological studies and for the evaluation of quality. This study aimed to analyze the quality of reports of dengue reported in SINAN, referring to the epidemic occurred in 2010 in the city of Juiz de Fora - MG. This is a descriptive epidemiological study whose data were obtained from SINAN, provided by the Environmental and Epidemiological Surveillance Department of Juiz de Fora. The analysis included the variables sex, age range, address, race/skin color, schooling, probable source of infection acquisition, laboratory and clinical and epidemiological data, as well as the completeness, timely closure of the recorded cases, duplicity and consistency of the data. Of the 9396 dengue cases notified in Juiz de Fora, 62.9% were classified as Classical Dengue, 0,9% as Dengue with Complications, 0,1% as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, 0.04% as Dengue Shock Syndrome, 4.9% were discarded, 30.8% inconclusive, 0.3% cases ignored / blank and 0.2% of the total of reported cases died. Most cases occurred in healthy adults aged 32 to 59 years, of the female sex, living in the urban area, of the white race, with complete/incomplete fundamental education, and autochthonous from the municipality. Completeness was poor for most fields, except for those to be compulsorily completed, which were classified as excellent. No notifications in duplicity were found, and 95.88% of the cases were timely closed. Consistency was classified as excellent. The analyzes performed in this study provided important information for understanding the epidemiology of dengue in Juiz de Fora, thus creating a better parameters for directing the activities of surveillance and disease control. It was showed a worrying amount of variables in white / ignored, pointing to the need for training of professionals about the importance of filling the information systems´s instruments based.
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Xin, Ying. "Complex Dynamical Systems: Definitions of Entropy, Proliferation of Epithelia and Spread of Infections and Information." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1522955730251256.
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Chen, Yulu. "Spatial Temporal Analysis of Traffic Patterns during the COVID-19 Epidemic by Vehicle Detection using Planet Remote Sensing Satellite Images." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1609843145639886.
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Tabah, Albert N. "Information epidemics and the growth of physics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56723.pdf.
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Long, Yunhan. "Spread and interaction of epidemics and information on adaptive social networks." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624000.
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The spread of diseases and opinions has profoundly affected the development of human societies. The structure of the underlying social network may change as a result of individuals changing their social connections in response to an ongoing epidemic or opinion spreading, either for self protection or as an expression of personal values. The interaction of spreading processes and the underlying network structure has been a focus of many recent studies. In this dissertation, we construct models to better incorporate heterogeneous responses to disease spread and attempted opinion spread.;We first model the simultaneous spread of an epidemic and awareness about the epidemic on an adaptive social network. A previous Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) model with avoidance rewiring is extended. Susceptible and infectious nodes are each divided into aware and unaware types. Aware nodes affect the network structure by rewiring their connections to reduce disease exposure. Public media information is considered as an external source of node awareness. The effects of awareness on disease spread and network structure are explored using stochastic simulations and mean field equations. Network adaptation can generate steady state behavior or periodic oscillations. The epidemic threshold is predicted using two methods that improve upon mean field predictions, and a critical media rate controlling the existence of an epidemic threshold under fast rewiring is given.;Node-to-node communication is then introduced as another source of node awareness, and its influence on disease levels and epidemic thresholds is compared with public media information. A relationship of the thresholds under different awareness sources is derived. Our results in both models indicate that node awareness can play a significant role in minimizing disease spread, and in some cases media information is more effective at controlling disease than communication.;We also model the competition of two opinions on a social network. A small fraction of committed supporters of a new opinion is randomly distributed in the network among supporters of a previous opinion. We introduce a new process, exacerbation, in which committed supporters of an opinion may drive their contacts away from that opinion and toward strong commitment to the opposing viewpoint. In addition to network simulations, a mass action model of the process is studied. We find that exacerbation can change the final outcome of opinion competition. The influence of the initial fraction committed to the new opinion is also explored.
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Stewart, Avaré Bonaparte [Verfasser]. "Automatic text filtering using limited supervision learning for epidemic intelligence / Avaré Bonaparte Stewart." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065274971/34.
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Graf, Brolund Alice. "Compartmental Models in Social Dynamics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448163.
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The dynamics of many aspects of social behaviour, such as spread of fads and fashion, collective action, group decision-making, homophily and disagreement, have been captured by mathematical models. The power of these models is that they can provide novel insight into the emergent dynamics of groups, e.g. 'epidemics' of memes, tipping points for collective action, wisdom of crowds and leadership by small numbers of individuals, segregation and polarisation. A current weakness in the scientific models is their sheer number. 'New' models are continually 'discovered' by physicists, engineers and mathematicians. The models are analysed mathematically, but very seldom provide predictions that can be tested empirically. In this work, we provide a framework of simple models, based on Lotka's original idea of using chemical reactions to describe social interactions. We show how to formulate models for social epidemics, social recovery, cycles, collective action, group decision-making, segregation and polarisation, which we argue encompass the majority of social dynamics models. We present an open-access tool, written in Python, for specifying social interactions, studying them in terms of mass action, and creating spatial simulations of model dynamics. We argue that the models in this article provide a baseline of empirically testable predictions arising from social dynamics, and that before creating new and more complicated versions of the same idea, researchers should explain how their model differs substantially from our baseline models.Matematiska modeller kan hjälpa oss att förstå många typer av sociala fenomen, som ryktesspridning, spridning av memes, gruppbeslut, segregation och radikalisering. Det finns idag otaliga modeller för sociala beteenden hos människor och djur, och fler presenteras kontinuerligt. Det stora antalet modeller försvårar navigering inom forskningsfältet, och många av modellerna är dessutom komplicerade och svåra att verifiera genom experiment. I detta arbete föreslås ett ramverk av grundläggande modeller, som var och en modellerar en aspekt av socialt beteende; det gäller sociala epidemier, cykler, gemensamt handlande, gruppbeslut, segregation och polarisering. Vi menar att dessa modeller utgör majoriteten av de verifierbara aspekter av socialt beteende som studeras, och att de bör behandlas som en utgångspunkt när en ny modell ska introduceras. Vilka av mekanismerna från utgångspunkten finns representerade i modellen? Skiljer den sig ens nämnvärt från utgångspunkten? Genom att ha en god förståelse för grundmodellerna, och genom att förklara på vilket sätt en ny modell skiljer sig från dem, kan forskare undvika att presentera modeller som i praktiken är mer komplicerade varianter av sådana som redan finns. I detta arbete visar vi hur dessa grundläggande modeller kan formuleras och studeras. Modellerna bygger på enkla regler om vad som händer när individer i en befolkning möter varandra. Till exempel, om en person som har vetskap om ett rykte träffar någon som inte har det, kan ryktet spridas vidare. Därför har antaganden om vilka personer som kan träffa varandra stor påverkan på de resultat som modellerna ger. I detta arbete studeras varje modell med två olika metoder: i den ena har alla personer i befolkningen samma sannolikhet att träffa varandra, i den andra representeras befolkningen av ett rutnät, där varje plats motsvarar en individ. I den senare har alltså varje person ett begränsat antal grannar att interagera med. Vilken av dessa två metoder man väljer har stor betydelse för vilka beteenden modellerna förutspår. Som ett komplement till detta arbete presenteras ett verktyg i form av ett Python-program som utför analysen av modellerna. Detta kan användas för att undersöka grundmodellerna som presenteras i detta arbete, men också för att formulera och analysera nya modeller på samma sätt. På det viset kan nya modeller enkelt jämföras mot grundmodellerna. Verktyget är användbart både som introduktion för de som är nya inom social dynamik, men också för de forskare som som vill ta fram nya modeller och föra forskningsfältet vidare.
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Nygren, Stina, and Moa Zeidlitz. "Investigating inclusive risk communication in the context of influenza outbreaks : Insights from South Korea and Vietnam." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41165.
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Outbreaks of novel influenza viruses are continually occurring on many places on our planet, with the ultimate and most extreme consequence being a full-scale pandemic. Modern communication technology is widely used for risk communication regarding recommended change in behavior patterns and other precautions in order to mitigate the transmission. However, the assumption and bias that modern communication technology constitutes the norm causes vulnerable groups to be at possible risk of systematic exclusion to correct and updated information. Through conducting a literature- and case analysis, the aim of this study is to identify insufficient or inadequate risk communication efforts in South Korea and Vietnam during influenza outbreaks, especially with concern of vulnerable groups. Further, to analyze how national influenza preparedness plans observe or ignore these insufficiencies. Results show that vulnerable groups are explicitly recognized in the preparedness plan of Vietnam. However, the South Korean preparedness plan show a more homogenous approach. Both South Korea and Vietnam showed a broad variety of channels used in their risk communication strategies which could be positive in terms of a broad outreach to a heterogenous population, including vulnerable groups. Four key factors that moderate the outcomes of risk communication were identified: Channels, Messages, Transparency and Trust.
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Xaviera, T. J. (Torres Joerges). "Importancia de la viruela, gastroenteritis aguda y paludismo en Finlandia entre 1749 y 1850." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514279417.
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Abstract In the Swedish Kingdom, of which Finland was a part until the 19th century, the parish burial records specified the cause of death earlier than other European countries. Using the information contained in 1.2 million death records from 234 different parishes, the impact of the main infectious diseases inflicted upon the Finnish population, during the period 1749–1850, is analyzed. The study is focused on the temporal and geographical distribution of three of the main epidemics; gastroenteritis, malaria and smallpox. The Industrial Revolution, the Demographic Transition and the Bacteriological Era only arrived to Finland at the end of the 19th century. The population analyzed, living at a time prior those changes, was therefore rural, scattered and with high birth and mortality rates. It was, therefore, helpless in front of many illnesses. Infectious diseases were the main cause of death, especially among children. One sixth of all analyzed deaths can be attributed to these three causes of death studied. Acute gastroenteritis generated mortality, constantly in its endemic areas (southeast of the country and Ostrobothnian coast) and also in the form of large epidemics, accompanying other factors affecting the population, such as war or famine. Smallpox was endemic in the country and caused periodic epidemic peaks which generated high mortality among children. The most densely populated areas acted as reservoirs from which the disease spread outwards the rest of the country. The generalization of the practice of vaccination, from the first decades of the 19th century, modified both the spatiotemporal distribution of the epidemics and the age distribution of smallpox mortality. Under the period studied, malaria was endemic in the southwest of Finland, being of most importance in the Åland Islands. The temporal variations in the incidence of this disease do not seem to be related to crises in the population, but rather due to environmental factors. The above causes of death greatly influenced the modulation of mortality in 18th and 19th century FinlandResumen En el Reino de Suecia, al que pertenecía Finlandia hasta el siglo XIX, los registros parroquiales de enterramiento especificaban la causa de muerte más tempranamente que en otros países de Europa. Utilizando la información contenida en 1,2 millones de registros de defunción, provenientes de 234 parroquias diferentes, se analiza el impacto de las enfermedades infecciosas en la población de Finlandia entre 1749 y 1850. Se estudia en especial la distribución temporal y geográfica de las mayores epidemias de gastroenteritis aguda, viruela y paludismo. Ni la revolución industrial ni la transición demográfica ni la era bacteriológica llegaron a Finlandia hasta finales del siglo XIX. La población en la época de estudio era, por tanto, rural, dispersa, con altos índices de natalidad y mortalidad y estaba indefensa ante la mayor parte de las dolencias. Las enfermedades infecciosas eran la principal causa de muerte, especialmente entre los niños. Al conjunto de las tres causas de muerte estudiadas, gastroenteritis, viruela y paludismo, puede atribuirse un sexto del total de las muertes analizadas. La gastroenteritis aguda causaba una importante mortalidad de manera constante en sus áreas endémicas (sureste del país y costa de Ostrobotnia) y una mortalidad catastrófica, en forma de grandes epidemias, en coincidencia con alteraciones en la población tales como guerras o hambrunas. La viruela era endémica en el país y se manifestaba en forma de picos epidémicos periódicos que generaban gran mortalidad entre los niños. Las zonas más densamente pobladas actuaban como reservorios desde los cuales la enfermedad se expandía al resto del país. La generalización del uso de la vacuna a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo XIX modificó tanto la distribución espaciotemporal de las epidemias como su perfil de mortalidad por edades. El paludismo era endémico en el suroeste de Finlandia durante el periodo de estudio, siendo especialmente importante en las Islas åland. Las variaciones en la importancia de esta enfermedad no parecen responder a crisis en la población sino a factores ambientales. Las causas de muerte estudiadas modularon de manera importante la mortalidad general de la Finlandia de los siglos XVIII y XIX
Tiivistelmä Ruotsin kuningaskunnassa, johon Suomi 1800-luvulle saakka kuului, hautauksia koskevissa kirkonkirjoissa spesifioitiin kuolinsyy aikaisemmin kuin muissa Euroopan maissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoidaan 234 eri kunnasta peräisin olevaa 1,2 miljoonan henkilön kuolintilastoon sisältyvää informaatiota infektiosairauksien vaikutuksesta Suomen väestöön vuosien 1749 ja 1850 välillä. Erityisesti tutkitaan akuutin mahasuolitulehduksen, isonrokon ja malarian merkittävimpien epidemioiden ajallista ja maantieteellistä levinneisyyttä. Teollinen vallankumous kuin myöskään väestöllinen muutos tai bakteriologinen aikakausi eivät saapuneet Suomeen 1800-luvun loppuun mennessä. Tutkittavan aikakauden väestö oli siten maaseudulla elävää, hajanaista, sillä oli korkea syntyvyys ja kuolleisuus ja se oli suojaton suurinta osaa sairauksia vastaan. Infektiosairaudet olivat pääasiallisin kuolinsyy, erityisesti lasten keskuudessa. Tämän kolmen tutkitun kuolinsyyn joukon, mahasuolitulehduksen, isonrokon ja malarian, voidaan katsoa aiheuttaneen kuudenneksen analysoitujen kuolemien kokonaismäärästä. Akuutti mahasuolitulehdus aiheutti tasaisesti merkittävän kuolleisuuden yleisillä esiintymisalueillaan (maan kaakkoisosa ja Pohjanmaan rannikko) ja katastrofaalisen kuolleisuuden suurten epidemioiden muodossa samanaikaisesti sellaisten väestössä tapahtuvien muutosten kuten sotien tai nälänhädän kanssa. Isorokko oli maassa yleisesti esiintyvää ja ilmeni jaksottaisten epidemiahuippujen muodossa, jotka aiheuttivat suuren kuolleisuuden lasten keskuudessa. Tiheimmin asutetut alueet toimivat reserveinä, joista sairaus levisi loppuun osaan maata. Rokotuksen käytön yleistyminen 1800-luvun ensimmäisistä vuosikymmenistä lähtien muutti niin epidemioiden alueellista ja ajallista levinneisyyttä kuin sen kuolleisuusprofiilia ikäluokittain. Malaria oli yleisesti esiintyvää Lounais-Suomessa, ja tutkittavana aikakautena se oli erityisen merkittävää Ahvenanmaan saaristossa. Muutokset tämän sairauden merkittävyydessä eivät vaikuta vastaavan väestökriisejä vaan ilmastollisia tekijöitä. Tutkitut kuolinsyyt muuttivat merkittävästi kuolleisuutta 1700- ja 1800-lukujen Suomessa
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Traoré, Boukaye Boubacar. "Modélisation des informations et extraction des connaissances pour la gestion des crises." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0153.
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L’essor des technologies émergentes de collecte de données offre des opportunités nouvelles pour diverses disciplines scientifiques. L’informatique est appelé à jouer sa partition par le développement de techniques d’analyse intelligente des données pour apporter un certain éclairage dans la résolution de problèmes complexes. Le contenu de ce mémoire de recherche doctorale s’inscrit dans la problématique générale de l’extraction des connaissances à partir de données par les techniques informatiques. Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse dans un premier temps à la problématique de la modélisation des informations pour la gestion de crise nécessitant des prises en charge médicale, à l’aide d’une collaboration des applications informatiques de la télémédecine. Nous avons proposé une méthodologie de gestion d’une crise à distance en trois étapes. Elle est principalement axée sur la collaboration des actes de télémédecine (Téléconsultation, Téléexpertise, Télésurveillance, Téléassistance, et la Régulation médicale), de la phase de transport des victimes à la phase de traitements médicaux dans et/ou entre les structures de santé. Cette méthodologie permet non seulement de mettre à la disposition des gestionnaires de crise un système d'aide à la décision informatisé, mais aussi de minimiser les coûts financiers et réduire le temps de réponse des secours à travers une gestion organisée de la crise. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié en détail l’extraction de la connaissance à l’aide des techniques de data mining sur les images satellitaires afin de découvrir des zones à risques d’épidémie, dont l’étude de cas a porté sur l’épidémie de choléra dans la région de Mopti, au Mali. Ainsi, une méthodologie de six phases a été présentée en mettant en relation les données collectées sur le terrain et les données satellitaires pour prévenir et surveiller plus efficacement les crises d’épidémie. Les résultats nous indiquent qu’à 66% le taux de contamination est lié au fleuve Niger, en plus de certains facteurs sociétaux comme le jet des ordures en période hivernale. Par conséquent, nous avons pu établir le lien entre l’épidémie et son environnement d’évolution, ce qui permettra aux décideurs de mieux gérer une éventuelle crise d’épidémie. Et enfin, en dernier lieu, pendant une situation de crise d’épidémie, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’analyse médicale, plus précisément par l’usage des microscopes portables afin de confirmer ou non la présence des agents pathogènes dans les prélèvements des cas suspects. Pour ce faire, nous avons présenté une méthodologie de six phases, basée sur les techniques du deep learning notamment l’une des techniques des réseaux de neurones convolutifs, l’apprentissage par transfert qui tirent parti des systèmes complexes avec des invariants permettant la modélisation et l'analyse efficace de grandes quantités de données. Le principe consiste à entraîner les réseaux de neurones convolutifs à la classification automatique d’images des agents pathogènes. Par exemple dans notre cas d’étude, cette approche a été utilisée pour distinguer une image microscopique contenant le virus de l’épidémie de choléra appelé Vibrio cholerae d’une image microscopique contenant le virus de l’épidémie du paludisme appelé Plasmodium. Ceci nous a permis d’obtenir un taux de réussite de classification de 99%. Par la suite, l’idée est de déployer cette solution de reconnaissance d’images d’agents pathogènes dans les microscopes portables intelligents pour les analyses de routine et applications de diagnostic médical dans la gestion de situations de crise. Ce qui permettra de combler le manque de spécialistes en manipulation microscopique et un gain de temps considérable dans l’analyse des prélèvements avec des mesures précises favorisant l’accomplissement du travail dans de meilleures conditionsThe rise of emerging data collection technologies offers new opportunities for various scientific disciplines. IT is expected to play its part by developing intelligent data analysis techniques to provide some insight into solving complex problems. The content of this doctoral research dissertation is part of the general problem of extracting knowledge from data by computer techniques. This PhD work focuses, firstly, to the problem of information modeling for crisis management requiring medical care, using a collaboration of computer applications of telemedicine. We proposed a methodology for managing a remote crisis in three stages. It is mainly focused on the collaboration of telemedicine acts (Teleconsultation, Teleexpertise, Telemonitoring, Remote Assistance, and Medical Regulation), from the transport phase of victims to the phase of medical treatment in and / or between health structures. This methodology not only helps to provide crisis managers with a computerized decision aid system, but also to minimize the financial costs and to reduce the response time of emergency through an organized management of the crisis. Secondly, we studied in detail the extraction of knowledge using data mining techniques on satellite images to discover epidemic r risk areas, including the case study focused on the cholera epidemic in the region of Mopti, Mali. Thus, a methodology of six phases was presented by relating the data collected in the field and satellite data to prevent and more effectively monitor the epidemic crises. The results show that 66% of the contamination rate is related to the Niger River, in addition to certain societal factors such as garbage dumps in winter. As a result, we have been able to establish the link between the epidemic and its development environment, which will enable decision makers to better manage a possible crisis of epidemic. And finally, during an epidemic crisis situation, we focused on medical analysis, more specifically by the use of portable microscopes to confirm or not the presence of pathogens in samples of case suspects. To do this, we have presented a methodology in six phases, based on the techniques of deep learning including one of convolutional neural network techniques, transfer learning that take advantage of complex systems and analysis of large amounts of data. The idea is to train networks convolutional neural automatic image classification pathogens. For example in our case study, this approach was used to distinguish a microscopic image containing the cholera epidemic virus called Vibrio cholerae from a microscopic image containing the malaria epidemic virus called Plasmodium. This allowed us to obtain good performances with a classification accuracy of 99%. Subsequently, the idea is to deploy this pathogen image recognition solution in intelligent portable microscopes for routine analysis and medical diagnostic applications in crisis management. This will make it possible to fill the lack of specialists in microscopic manipulation and a considerable time saving in the analysis of the samples with precise measures favoring the accomplishment of the work under better conditions
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Calmona, Carlos Odair. "Influenza A H1N1 no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP); perfil clínico dos casos atendidos e utilização de serviços hospitalares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-26052014-091612/.
Full textAbstract:
A atenção à saúde compreende múltiplas formas de prestação de serviços, sendo o hospital a instituição nuclear para os sistemas de saúde. Em maio de 2009 iniciou-se uma epidemia que evoluiu para escala mundial, com novo subtipo de vírus influenza identificado como Influenza A (H1N1)09pdm, caracterizado pela alta demanda de consultas e internações hospitalares, o que impactou na gestão e custos do serviço. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar o consumo de serviços hospitalares dos casos suspeitos e confirmados de Influenza A(H1N1)09pdm no Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP (ICHC-HCFMUSP), entre maio e dezembro de 2009. Tomando como informação inicial os registros do banco de notificações e do de saídas hospitalares do Núcleo de Informação em Saúde do HCFMUSP, foram selecionados 430 indivíduos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão da pesquisa e que levaram à 632 internações hospitalares. Em 26% (n=112) das pessoas e em 22,3% (n=141) das internações foi confirmada a suspeita para infecção por H1N1. Nas internações de casos suspeitos, a mediana de duração da internação foi de 5+17 (0-161) dias e 23,4% (n=148) foram admitidos nas UTIs, com mediana de internação 4,5+7,8 (0-46) dias. Nos casos confirmados, a mediana foi de 5+19,1 (0- 161) dias de internação e 26,9% (n=38) de internações em UTI com 5+8,3 (0-31) dias. O pico de notificações de casos suspeitos e confirmados foi no mês de agosto, com 31,6% (n=200 das 632) internações de casos suspeitos e 44% (n=62 das 141) internações de casos confirmados. A Influenza A(H1N1)09pdm impactou o consumo de serviços, mostrando-se presente em muitas enfermarias do ICHC, o que implicou grande consumo de procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticosHealt care comprises multiple ways of services, where hospitals are the nuclear reference institution of health services. In may 2009, a new pandemic influenza vírus subtype was identified as Influenza A(H1N1)09pdm, wich was characterized by high demand for hospital visits and hospitalizations. This research aimed to study the hospital service expenditure on confirmed and non-confirmed hospitalizations associated with Influenza A(H1N1)09pdm at Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP (ICHC - HCFMUSP), between May and December of 2009. It was analyzed the registers from the notification database and output hospital database from the Information Health Department. According to inclusion criteria, it was found 430 people with 632 hospitalizations with 26% (n=112) patients and 22,3% (n=141) hospitalization for confirmed cases. For non confirmed hospitalizations, the median length of stay was 5+17 (0-161) days with 23,4% (n=148) of ICU admissions with median length of stay 4,5+7,8 (0-46) days. For confirmed cases, the hospitalization length of stay was 5+19,1 (0-161) days with 26,9% (n=38) on ICU admissions with median length of stay 5+8,3 (0-31) days. The notification peak was on August with 31,6% (n=200 from 632) hospitalizations form non-confirmed cases and 44% (n=62 from 141) confirmed cases hospitalization. The Influenza A(H1N1)09pdm impacted on service expenditure, because of its distribution in several wards from ICHC wich implied high expenditure of diagnosis and therapeutic proceeds
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Ywasaki, Fernanda. "O Uso do Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) no estudo da correlação entre alteração de biomassa e ocorrência de raiva em herbívoros nas regiões do Vale do Paraíba Paulista e Alto Tietê durante epidemia de raiva no período de 1996 a 2006." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-09022011-132924/.
Full textAbstract:
Avaliou-se a correlação entre alteração ambiental e ocorrência de focos de raiva em herbívoros na região do vale do rio Paraíba do Sul paulista e alto Tiete no período de 1996 a 2006, por meio da aplicação de técnica de sensoriamento remoto e sistemas de informação geográfica. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat-5, sensor TM, órbitas 218 e 219, ponto 76, bandas 3 e 4 na obtenção do índice de vegetação com diferença normalizada (NDVI). Foi feita a subtração de NDVI para obtenção da alteração de cobertura vegetal ou vigor de biomassa em intervalos de um ano, e dados de ocorrência de focos de raiva agregados por município corrigidos pelo efetivo herbívoro no respectivo ano. Diferenças significativas foram obtidas na comparação das médias de alteração de NDVI para ganho, perda e alteração geral em todo período pelo teste de Wilcoxon, exceto de 1996 a 1997 e seqüência de somatória de rankings negativos de 1998 a 2002. A análise de correlação entre diminuição de NDVI e focos de raiva corrigidos foi significativa em 2002 e 2003. Para ganho de NDVI, foi significativo em 1998 e 2003. Para alteração geral foi significativa em 2002. Houve correlação significativa de aumento de NDVI e focos de raiva corrigidos em 2000, 2002 e 2004, com r > 0 em todo período, exceto 2002 e observadas correlações entre alteração, geral e de perda, e tamanho de rebanho significativas em 2000, 2002, 2004 e 2006. A correlação positiva entre alteração de NDVI e rebanho herbívoro sugere a alteração do tamanho do rebanho como um fator de alteração da cobertura vegetal e conseqüente aumento da ocorrência de raiva pela alteração do habitat do morcego hematófago, principal hospedeiro do vírus rábico na América do Sul. A implantação da Coordenadoria de Defesa Agropecuária (CDA) da Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento de São Paulo, em 1999 e a obrigatoriedade da vacinação contra a raiva, a partir de 2002, podem ter encoberto a correlação positiva encontrada no período anterior, de 1996 a 1999. Após o controle da raiva ter se consolidado, a alteração de NDVI voltou a apresentar correlação positiva, devendo ser considerada de fato fator de risco para a ocorrência de raiva nos herbívoros. A metodologia proposta no estudo pode ser uma alternativa no estudo de alteração ambiental como fator de risco na epidemiologia de doenças infecciosas, porém refinamento da técnica pode ser considerado a fim de controlar influências de condições atmosféricas e época do ano nas imagens utilizadasThe present work evaluated the correlation between environmental changes and herbivore rabies in eastern São Paulo State, from 1996 to 2006, using remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques. Images from Landsat-5 satellite, sensor TM, orbits 281 and 219, point 76, bands 3 and 4 were used to obtain the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). For each year, the subtraction of NDVI was calculated in order to evaluate the changes in vegetation coverage or biomass robustness. Also, the occurrence of rabies was obtained, for each local administrative division, called municipality, later corrected by the number of herbivores. Significative differences were obtained when comparing mean NDVI changes, being gain, loss or both using Wilcoxon test, except between 1996 and 1997. Differences were also obtained in negative rank sums from 1998 and 2002. The correlation analysis between NDVI loss and rabies occurrence was significative in 2002 and 2003. The correlation between NDVI gain and rabies occurrence was significative in 1998 and 2003. For both gain and loss of NDVI, there was significant correlation with rabies occurrence only in 2002. For corrected rabies outbreaks, there was significative correlation in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. Positive correlation between NDVI changes and herbivores herds suggests that rise in number of herds impacts vegetation coverage, consequently the increase of rabies occurrence, caused by changes in vampire bat habitats. The implantation of an animal health service in São Paulo, in 1999, imposing vaccination against rabies in cattle in 2002, may have covered positive correlation from 1996 to 1999. After the consolidation of control measures, NDVI changes turned to be correlated, allowing its classification as risk factor for rabies occurrence. The proposed method can be an alternative to study environmental changes as risk factor of infectious diseases epidemiology. The improvement of the method is necessary to control atmospheric conditions and the period of images acquirement
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Valentini, Luca. "Disseminazioni in reti peer-to-peer attraverso algoritmi di gossip a due fasi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10446/.
Full textAbstract:
Gli algoritmi di gossip sono utilizzati per la disseminazione di messaggi in una rete peer-to-peer. La tesi tratta lo sviluppo, l'implementazione e l'analisi di quattro nuovi algoritmi di gossip "a due fasi". Gli algoritmi sono stati sviluppati e testati con il simulatore LUNES per poi essere analizzati in vari confronti con gli algoritmi classici dell'ambito, ovvero Fixed Probability e Conditional Broadcast. Le prove sono state effettuate su varie tipologie di grafi, ovvero Random, Scale-free, Small-world e K-Regular.
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Rocha, Luis E. C. "Exploring patterns of empirical networks." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46588.
Full textAbstract:
We are constantly struggling to understand how nature works, trying to identify recurrent events and looking for analogies and relations between objects or individuals. Knowing patterns of behavior is powerful and fundamental for survival of any species. In this thesis, datasets of diverse systems related to transportation, economics, sexual and social contacts, are characterized by using the formalisms of time series and network theory. Part of the results consists on the collection and analyzes of original network data, the rest focuses on the simulation of dynamical processes on these networks and to study how they are affected by the particular structures. The majority of the thesis is about temporal networks, i.e. networks whose structure changes in time. The new temporal dimension reveals structural dynamical properties that help to understand the feedback mechanisms responsible to make the network structure to adapt and to understand the emergence and inhibition of diverse phenomena in dynamic systems, as epidemics in sexual and contact networks.Vi är ständigt kämpar för att förstå hur naturen fungerar, försöker identifier återkommande evenemang och söker analogier och relationer mellan objekt eller individer. Veta beteendemönster är kraftfull och grundläggande för överlevnad av arter. I denna avhandling, dataset av olika system i samband med transporter är ekonomi, sexuella och sociala kontakter, som kännetecknas av att använda formalismer av tidsserier och nätverk teori. En del av resultatet utgörs av insamling och analys av ursprungliga nätdata, fokuserar resten på simulering av dynamiska processer i dessa nätverk och att studera hur de påverkas av de särskilda strukturer. Huvuddelen av avhandlingen handlar om tidsmässiga nät, i.e. nät vars struktur förändringar i tid. Den nya tidsdimensionen avslöjar strukturella dynamiska egenskaper som hjälper till att förstå den feedback mekanismer som ansvarar för att göra nätverksstruktur att anpassa sig och förstå uppkomsten och hämning av olika företeelser i dynamiska system, epidemier i sexuella och kontaktnät.
Constantemente nos esforçamos para entender como a natureza funciona, tentando identificar eventos recorrentes e procurando por analogias e relações entre objetos ou indivíduos. Conhecer padrões de comportamento é algo poderoso e fundamental para a sobrevivência de qualquer espécie. Nesta tese, dados de sistemas diversos, relacionados a transporte, economia, contatos sexuais e sociais, são caracterizados usando o formalismo de séries temporais e teoria de redes. Uma parte dos resultados consiste na coleta e análise de dados de redes originais, a outra parte concentra-se na simulação de processos dinâmicos nessas redes e no estudo de como esses processos são afetados por determinadas estruturas. A maior parte da tese é sobre redes temporais, ou seja, redes cuja estrutura varia no tempo. A nova dimensão temporal revela propriedades estruturais dinâmicas que contribuem para o entendimento dos mecanismos de resposta responsáveis pela adaptação da rede, e para o entendimento da emergência e inibição de fenômenos diversos em sistemas dinâmicos, como epidemias em redes sexuais e de contato pessoal.
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Alkhurayyif, Saad A. "Third-Party Perception: Implications for Governance and Communication of Health Risks during the Umrah in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703424/.
Full textAbstract:
The current study projects the third-person perception phenomenon into the area of emergency management, specifically regarding risk communication in the context of religious gatherings. This study utilized the Umrah religious gathering in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during summer 2019 as a case study (N = 257). This study aimed to investigate whether pilgrims perceive there was a greater effect of health information on others than on themselves. Survey results were translated and then coded and analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The findings indicated that third-person perception existed among pilgrims. Specifically, the perception of pilgrims that the influence of news about MERS-CoV, believed to be undesirable in its effect on themselves, was greater on others than on themselves was found statistically significant. Further, the findings indicated that the more pilgrims watched, listened to, or read news about MERS-CoV, the larger the effect of the news they perceived on themselves and others was. Thus, exposure to MERS-CoV news did not increase, but rather decreased the perception of difference between self and others. Also, the empirical findings indicated that pilgrims who were knowledgeable about MERS-CoV could relate to the coverage. Moreover, if pilgrims believed they were affected by MERS-CoV news, they believed that the MERS-CoV news had a similar or greater effect on other pilgrims. The findings indicated socio-demographics had a partial effect on third-person perception, Finally, the stronger the perceived effect of MERS-CoV news on oneself, the more likely these pilgrims were to take protective actions against the MERS-CoV epidemic. However, the third-person perception anticipated in the use of impersonal communication (pamphlets, television, radio, newspapers, Internet, social media, text message, health clinics, mosques messages, public events, and billboards) and of interpersonal communication (friends, family member, or others you know) was not found significant. Moreover, the perceived effects of MERS-CoV news on others did not show third-person perception regarding behavior intention or consequences. These findings have implications for risk communication and its governance during religious gatherings as well as for the prepared individuals to promote preparation for risk and actions toward risk mitigation.
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Lindemann, Christoph, and Oliver P. Waldhorst. "Epidemic Dissemination of Presence Information in Mobile Instant Messaging Systems." 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32132.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an approach for exchanging presence information between users of an instant messaging system in a mobile ad hoc network. As major feature, presence information is transferred when mobile users get in direct contact, similar to the spread of an infections disease. By exploiting node mobility, presence information is epidemically distributed throughout the network, effectively overcoming network partitions. We show how to apply the Passive Distributed Indexing Protocol, which implements a general-purpose lookup service for mobile applications building upon epidemic data dissemination, for implementing the exchange of presence information. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated in a simulation study using the network simulator ns-2. Building upon the results, we present the architecture of a mobile instant messaging system that supports the widely adopted Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), an IETF standardized protocol for instant messaging.
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Chung, Chien-Ming, and 鐘健銘. "Influence of Local Information on Epidemic Simulation under Complex Networks." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46679668842682243638.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學系所
93
Besides using complex networks in epidemic simulation for unfolding the relationships between human beings, local information mechanism was designed to reveal the differences among people and others to approximate reality. However, previous studies indicate that some local diversity would not affect the simulation result. The population of weak individuals, for example, would cause the difference of simulation, but the distribution of weak individuals would not. Furthermore, we are also interested in the differences between the simulation under the small-world networks and the previous research without considering the relationship as simulation in the random networks. In this paper, we focused on the analysis of various network structures and local information, and conclude some reasons that might influence the epidemic simulations.
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Hsu, Hui-Yu, and 許卉瑀. "Analysis of Information Delivery Dynamics in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks Using Epidemic Models." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34067141204704547126.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
103
Over the past decade cognitive radio (CR) is introduced to increase spectrum efficiency, however it on the other hand burdens the interference control between unlicensed secondary users (SUs) and primary users (PUs). In CR ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), such considerations in interference control become more complicated, where SUs adopt dynamic spectrum access and power adjustment to ensure sufficient operation of PUs, and the inevitably increasing latency poses new challenges on reliability of end-to-end communications. To guarantee operations of primary systems while fully optimizing system performance in CRAHNs, this thesis proposes interference-aware flooding schemes exploiting global timeout and vaccine recovery schemes to control the heavy buffer occupancy induced by packet replications. The information delivery dynamics of SUs under the proposed interference-aware recovery-assisted flooding schemes is analyzed via epidemic models and stochastic geometry from a macroscopic view of the entire system. The simulation results show that our model can efficiently capture the complicated data delivery dynamics in CRAHN in terms of end-to-end transmission reliability and buffer occupancy. Consequently this thesis sheds new light on analysis of recovery-assisted flooding schemes in CRAHN.
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Kandhway, Kundan. "Optimal Control of Information Epidemics in Homogeneously And Heterogeneously Mixed Populations." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2670.
Full textAbstract:
Social networks play an important role in disseminating a piece of information in a population. Companies advertising a newly launched product, movie promotion, political campaigns, social awareness campaigns by governments, charity campaigns by NGOs and crowd funding campaigns by entrepreneurs are a few examples where an entity is interested in disseminating a piece of information in a target population, possibly under resource constraints.
In this thesis we model information diffusion in a population using various epidemic models and study optimal campaigning strategies to maximize the reach of information. In the different problems considered in this thesis, information epidemics are modeled as the Susceptible-Infected, Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible, Susceptible-Infected-Recovered and Maki Thompson epidemic processes; however, we modify the models to incorporate the intervention made by the campaigner to enhance information propagation. Direct recruitment of individuals as spreaders and providing word-of-mouth incentives to the spreaders are considered as two intervention strategies (controls) to enhance the speed of information propagation. These controls can be implemented by placing advertisements in the mass media, announcing referral/cash back rewards for introducing friends to a product or service being advertised etc.
In the different problems considered in this thesis, social contacts are modeled with varying levels of complexity---population is homogeneously mixed or follows heterogeneous mixing. The solutions to the problems which consider homogeneous mixing of individuals identify the most important periods in the campaign duration which should be allocated more resources to maximize the reach of the message, depending on the system parameters of the epidemic model (e.g., epidemics with high and low virulence). When a heterogeneous model is considered, apart from this, the solution identifies the important classes of individuals which should be allocated more resources depending upon the network considered (e.g. Erdos-Renyi, scale-free) and model parameters. These classes may be carved out based on various centrality measures in the network. If multiple strategies are available for campaigning, the solution also identifies the relative importance of the strategies depending on the network type.
We study variants of the optimal campaigning problem where we optimize different objective functions. For some of the formulated problems, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Sometimes our formulations call for novel techniques to prove the existence of a solution.
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Kandhway, Kundan. "Optimal Control of Information Epidemics in Homogeneously And Heterogeneously Mixed Populations." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2670.
Full textAbstract:
Social networks play an important role in disseminating a piece of information in a population. Companies advertising a newly launched product, movie promotion, political campaigns, social awareness campaigns by governments, charity campaigns by NGOs and crowd funding campaigns by entrepreneurs are a few examples where an entity is interested in disseminating a piece of information in a target population, possibly under resource constraints.
In this thesis we model information diffusion in a population using various epidemic models and study optimal campaigning strategies to maximize the reach of information. In the different problems considered in this thesis, information epidemics are modeled as the Susceptible-Infected, Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible, Susceptible-Infected-Recovered and Maki Thompson epidemic processes; however, we modify the models to incorporate the intervention made by the campaigner to enhance information propagation. Direct recruitment of individuals as spreaders and providing word-of-mouth incentives to the spreaders are considered as two intervention strategies (controls) to enhance the speed of information propagation. These controls can be implemented by placing advertisements in the mass media, announcing referral/cash back rewards for introducing friends to a product or service being advertised etc.
In the different problems considered in this thesis, social contacts are modeled with varying levels of complexity---population is homogeneously mixed or follows heterogeneous mixing. The solutions to the problems which consider homogeneous mixing of individuals identify the most important periods in the campaign duration which should be allocated more resources to maximize the reach of the message, depending on the system parameters of the epidemic model (e.g., epidemics with high and low virulence). When a heterogeneous model is considered, apart from this, the solution identifies the important classes of individuals which should be allocated more resources depending upon the network considered (e.g. Erdos-Renyi, scale-free) and model parameters. These classes may be carved out based on various centrality measures in the network. If multiple strategies are available for campaigning, the solution also identifies the relative importance of the strategies depending on the network type.
We study variants of the optimal campaigning problem where we optimize different objective functions. For some of the formulated problems, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Sometimes our formulations call for novel techniques to prove the existence of a solution.
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Chang, Yu-Chung, and 張又中. "Implementation of an Information System for Epidemic Alert ─ By Example of Monitoring Dengue Vector Development." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pqhf36.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
資訊經營學系(所)
106
The purpose of this study is to develop an information system to predict spatial/temporal mosquito reproduction and disease outbreaks. Dengue fever has been studied since 200 years ago. There is no effective remedy or vaccine to control it. As a result, it can only be tackled by isolation, control, wiping out and other administrative methods. In order to monitor a region where there is a possibility of recurrence of dengue fever, the construction of a predictive information system would help the authority control disease outbreaks. The data used in this research are mainly dengue vector density indexes and daily meteorological information between 2010 and 2015 acquired from Taiwan Government Open Data Platform. The spatial/temporal relationships between larval density and dengue outbreaks were analyzed based on these historic data. The results were displayed on geographic information systems to facilitate convenient visualization. Finally, the information was presented on frontend page to support the authority for disease control and decision-making. This study makes use of climate and geographic information as the basis for the analytic model to forecast possible epidemic outbreaks in the next several days. This approach can be applied to other application areas such as influenza alerts. It could improve the effectiveness of disease prevention and reduce pandemic risk.
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Tusuubira, Muwanga Fred. "A systematic review of available information concerning the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Swaziland." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1605.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to The Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of Witwatersrand, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Of
Masters in Public Health
Johannesburg 2005ABSTRACT Swaziland is currently faced with a deepening HIV/AIDS epidemic. A systemic review of available information concerning the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Swaziland was undertaken to collate data and document this impact in order to inform decision makers and planners. The methodology for the systematic review was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Reviewers’ handbook. HIV/AIDS has significantly increased the vulnerability of affected Swaziland rural households to environmental shocks. There is an increased burden of orphans due to HIV/AIDS, reduced household labour and income as adults die of AIDS. HIV/AIDS has reduced farm productivity leading to worsening of food insecurity and poverty in affected households. Due to HIV/AIDS, absenteeism in Swaziland organizations has increased by 20- fold. HIV/AIDS is currently the leading cause of death accounting for over 60 percent of all employee deaths. Organisations that have implemented HIV/AIDS workplace responses have been less affected. The micro-sector is the worst affected and it is recommended that policy makers ensure that this sector is protected from the negative impact of HIV/AIDS. The epidemic of negative impacts of HIV/AIDS in Swaziland has not yet reached the peak.
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"Study of an Epidemic Multiple Behavior Diffusion Model in a Resource Constrained Social Network." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.20967.
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abstract: In contemporary society, sustainability and public well-being have been pressing challenges. Some of the important questions are:how can sustainable practices, such as reducing carbon emission, be encouraged? , How can a healthy lifestyle be maintained?Even though individuals are interested, they are unable to adopt these behaviors due to resource constraints. Developing a framework to enable cooperative behavior adoption and to sustain it for a long period of time is a major challenge. As a part of developing this framework, I am focusing on methods to understand behavior diffusion over time. Facilitating behavior diffusion with resource constraints in a large population is qualitatively different from promoting cooperation in small groups. Previous work in social sciences has derived conditions for sustainable cooperative behavior in small homogeneous groups. However, how groups of individuals having resource constraint co-operate over extended periods of time is not well understood, and is the focus of my thesis. I develop models to analyze behavior diffusion over time through the lens of epidemic models with the condition that individuals have resource constraint. I introduce an epidemic model SVRS ( Susceptible-Volatile-Recovered-Susceptible) to accommodate multiple behavior adoption. I investigate the longitudinal effects of behavior diffusion by varying different properties of an individual such as resources,threshold and cost of behavior adoption. I also consider how behavior adoption of an individual varies with her knowledge of global adoption. I evaluate my models on several synthetic topologies like complete regular graph, preferential attachment and small-world and make some interesting observations. Periodic injection of early adopters can help in boosting the spread of behaviors and sustain it for a longer period of time. Also, behavior propagation for the classical epidemic model SIRS (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible) does not continue for an infinite period of time as per conventional wisdom. One interesting future direction is to investigate how behavior adoption is affected when number of individuals in a network changes. The affects on behavior adoption when availability of behavior changes with time can also be examined.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Computer Science 2013
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Waldhorst, Oliver P. [Verfasser]. "Design and quantitative analysis of protocols for epidemic information dissemination in mobile ad hoc networks / von Oliver P. Waldhorst." 2005. http://d-nb.info/998337080/34.
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Huang, Chung-Yuan, and 黃崇源. "Small-World Epidemiological Modeling and Public Health Policy Assessment: Using the Social Mirror Identity Concept and Local Information for Network-based Epidemic Simulations." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51399228404260686441.
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博士國立交通大學
資訊工程系所
94
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the importance, advantages, applications, validation standards, and evaluation procedures of computational modeling and simulation in the social sciences. I will present two original social simulation studies in detail. In the first, computational modeling and simulation are used to investigate the transmission dynamics of epidemics and to evaluate the effectiveness of various public health policies and epidemic prevention strategies. A novel social mirror identity concept is proposed to represent social phenomena such as individual long-distance movement, daily visits to fixed locations, and multiple activity locations. The cellular automata concept is also utilized to construct a small-world social network model that represents human interactions and daily contacts. To test these concepts, I simulated the 2003 SARS outbreaks that occurred in Taipei, Singapore, and Toronto. The simulation results, which were highly consistent with actual epidemic data, corresponded with local outbreak trends and features. The simulation model was shown to be suitable for investigating public health policies and epidemic prevention strategies. In the second study I investigated the influence of local information on social simulations based on a small world model. I introduced a cellular automata-based variation with added shortcuts as a test platform for simulating the spread of an epidemic disease, then examined the influences of various local information factors on the results. It is my hope that these efforts will help future researchers determine appropriate simulation parameters, clarify operational procedures, and access meaning from simulations.
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(8083247), Yong Hoon Kim. "INTEGRATED MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR DYNAMIC INFORMATION FLOW AND TRAFFIC FLOW UNDER VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION." Thesis, 2019.
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Advances in information and communication technologies enable new paradigms for connectivity involving vehicles, infrastructure, and the broader road transportation system environment. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications under the aegis of the connected vehicle are being leveraged for novel applications related to traffic safety, management, and control, which lead to a V2V-based traffic system. Within the framework of a V2V-based traffic system, this study proposes an integrated modeling framework to model the dynamics of a V2V-based traffic system that entails spatiotemporal interdependencies among the traffic flow dynamics, V2V communication constraints, the dynamics of information flow propagation, and V2V-based application. The proposed framework systematically exploits their spatiotemporal interdependencies by theoretical and computational approaches.
First, a graph-based multi-layer framework is proposed to model the V2V-based advanced traveler information system (ATIS) as a complex system which is comprised of coupled network layers. This framework addresses the dynamics of each physical vehicular traffic flow, inter-vehicle communication, and information flow propagation components within a layer, while capturing their interactions among layers. This enables the capabilities to transparently understand the spatiotemporal evolution of information flow propagation through a graph structure. A novel contribution is the systematic modeling of an evolving information flow network that is characterized as the manifestation of spatiotemporal events in the other two networks to enhance the understanding of the information flow evolution by capturing the dynamics of the interactions involving the traffic flow and the inter-vehicle communication layers. The graph-based approach enables the computationally efficient tracking of information propagation using a simple graph-based search algorithm and the computationally efficient storage of information through a single graph database.
Second, this dissertation proposes analytical approaches that enable theoretical investigation into the qualitative properties of information flow propagation speed. The proposed analytical models, motivated from spatiotemporal epidemiology, introduce the concept of an information flow propagation wave (IFPW) to facilitate the analysis of the information propagation characteristics and impacts of traffic dynamics at a macroscopic level. The first model consists of a system of difference equations in the discrete-space and discrete-time domains where an information dissemination is described in the upper layer and a vehicular traffic flow is modeled in the lower layer. This study further proposes a continuous-space and continuous-time analytical model that can provide a closed-form solution for the IFPW speed to establish an analytical relationship between the IFPW speed and the underlying traffic flow dynamics. It can corporate the effects of congested traffic, such as the backward traffic propagation wave, on information flow propagation. Thereby, it illustrates the linkage between information flow propagation and the underlying traffic dynamics. Further, it captures V2V communication constraints in a realistic manner using a probabilistic communication kernel (which captures the probability).
Third, within the integrated modeling framework, this dissertation captures the impact of information flow propagation on traffic safety and control applications. The proposed multi-anticipative forward collision warning system predicts the driver’s maneuver intention using a coupled hidden Markov model, which is one of statistical machine learning techniques. It significantly reduces the false alarm rates by addressing the uncertainty associate improves the performance of the future motion prediction, while currently available sensor-based kinematic models for addressing the uncertainty associated with the future motion prediction. A network-level simulation framework is developed to investigate a V2V-based ATIS in a large-scale network by capturing its inter-dependencies and feedback loop. This modeling framework provides the understanding of the relationship between the travelers’ routing decisions and information flow propagation.
This thesis provides a holistic understanding of information flow propagation characteristics in space and time by characterizing interactions among information flow propagation, and underlying traffic flow, and V2V communications characteristics. The proposed models and the closed-form solution of IFPW speed can help in designing effective V2V-based traffic systems, without relying on computationally expensive numerical methods. An innovative aspect of this approach represents a building block to develop both descriptive capabilities and prescriptive strategies related to propagating the flow of useful information efficiently and synergistically generating routing mechanisms that enhance the traffic network performance. Given the lack of appropriate methodologies to characterize the information flow propagation, this thesis expects to make a novel and significant contribution to understanding the characteristics of V2V-based traffic systems and their analysis.
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Botha, Robert Anthony. "The James 1:27 trust programme : a case study of an information, communication and technology (ICT) response to orphans and vulnerable children in the context of an HIV and AIDS epidemic." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3908.
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This case study examines the James 1:27 Trust as an information, communication and
technology response to the plight of orphans and vulnerable children within the context of an
HIV and AIDS epidemic. The James 1:27 Trust demonstrates how social networks can be
mobilized in support of children at risk. The use of business information and management
systems to administer concepts such as “virtual adoption” is deemed an important innovative
contribution. The James 1:27 Trust and its model is studied as a contributor in finding solutions
to scale and multiply levels of care by community and faith-based organisations to orphans and
vulnerable children. The James 1:27 Trust is located at the Innovation Hub in Pretoria, Africa’s
first internationally accredited science park.Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour in HIV/AIDS))
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Chen, Kuo-jen, and 陳國珍. "An Exploratory Study about users’ intention of Kaohsiung City Government Bureau of Education Physical Education and Health Management System Subsystem -" influenza epidemic reporting system" Based on the Technology Acceptance Model and Information System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75866024350106348997.
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碩士國立屏東教育大學
數位學習教學碩士學位學程
99
The main purpose of this study is through technology acceptance model and information system success model concept, conducted by questionnaire survey and analysis of the user for the " Influenza epidemic reporting system " intended use, user satisfaction and willingness to use. This study also discuss the differences and relatedness of students’ attitudes toward influenza epidemic reporting system among their different backgrounds. According to this study and the results of the questionnaire, some conclusions will be suggested as follows： 1. The users are willing to take advantage of the "Influenza epidemic reporting system". 2. Using attitude of the users toward the "Influenza epidemic reporting system" influences their willingness to use it. The result conforms to theory of technology acceptance model. 3. Users’ satisfaction of the users about the "Influenza epidemic reporting system" influences their willingness to use it. The result conforms to theory of DeLone and McLean’s model of information systems (IS) success. 4. The users of different backgrounds are different from using intention、satisfaction and users’acceptance.
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Kotnis, Bhushan. "Analysis and Control of Cascades in Complex Networks." Thesis, 2018. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4165.
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Our modern societies are best described as complex systems consisting of a large number of interacting components. Understanding the nature of these interactions is crucial, not only for gaining insights, but also for shaping their evolution. Modeling complex systems using networks, where nodes represent interacting agents, while links represent the interactions between these agents, can be useful for analyzing these systems. For example, social systems can be represented using social networks, where nodes represent individuals and links represent interactions or relationships between them. Thanks to information and communication technologies, the large scale availability of data allows us to study the nature and function of these networks. For example, large scale data on social connections allows us to gain an understanding of the architecture of these networks, which in turn is very useful for a variety of tasks, like preventing the spread of infectious diseases, marketing products and services, or influencing a large section of the population. Taking advantage of this data, here we aim to (a) study the effects of network structure on processes like epidemics and failure cascades on networks, and (b) formulate cost effective policies for influencing cascades such as information and marketing campaigns.
We study contagion dynamics on a variety of networks such as time varying and interacting networks. In particular, we study (a) the impact of human behavior on biological epidemics in time varying networks, and (b) cascading node and link failures in a system consisting of two networks exhibiting dependent and antagonistic interactions. Our investigations reveal useful insights, e.g., in time varying networks, results suggest an existence of an adaptive threshold As for the interacting networks problem, we found that the phase transition observed in our system is very different from the one seen in commonly studied interacting networks.
After having studied cascades, we take the next step of controlling them. Campaigners, advertisers and activists are increasingly turning to social recommendation mechanisms provided by social media for promoting their products, services, brands and even ideas. One widely used promotion strategy is incentivizing individuals, using referral rewards or other discounts, for encouraging them to spread the word. Due to budget constraints on scarce monetary incentives, it may not be possible to provide incentives for the entire population. Thus, there is a need to allocate resources judiciously for ensuring the highest possible campaign size. We address this problem of maximizing the campaign penetration in social networks under budget constraints and the dual problem of minimizing campaigning cost while ensuring a given campaign size. We formulate the optimization problems using percolation theory. Although the problems turn out to be non-trivial, we show that they can be reduced to simple linear programs, which can be further simplified and solved using simple algorithms with linearithmic complexity. Simulations on real world networks suggest that the proposed solutions could work in a real world setting.Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India
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Lindemann, Christoph, and Oliver P. Waldhorst. "Exploiting epidemic data dissemination for consistent lookup operations in mobile applications." 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32823.
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This paper presents a general-purpose distributed lookup service, denoted Passive Distributed Indexing (PDI). PDI stores entries in form of (key, value) pairs in index caches located at mobile devices. Index caches are filled by epidemic dissemination of popular index entries. By exploiting node mobility, PDI can resolve most queries locally without sending messages outside the radio coverage of the inquiring node. For keeping index caches coherent, configurable value timeouts implementing implicit invalidation and lazy invalidation caches implementing explicit invalidation are introduced. Inconsistency in index caches due to weak connectivity or node failure is handled by value timeouts. Lazy invalidation caches reduce the fraction of stale index entries due to modified data at the origin node. Similar to index caches, invalidation caches are filled by epidemic distributions of invalidation messages. We evaluate the performance of PDI for a mobile P2P file sharing a mobile instant messaging application. Simulation results show that with the suitable integration of both invalidation mechanisms, up to 80% of the lookup operations return correct results and more than 90% of results delivered by PDI index caches are up-to-date.
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Κουνετάς, Κωνσταντίνος. "Το "παράδοξο της ενέργειας" στην ελληνική βιομηχανία : έκταση, υιοθέτηση τεχνολογιών εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας και αντιρρύπανσης και επιδράσεις στην απόδοση, αποτελεσματικότητα και παραγωγικότητα." Thesis, 2007. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/1505.
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Το πρόβλημα της κλιματικής αλλαγής αποτελεί έναν από τα κυριότερα σημεία έντονου ενδιαφέροντος για τις περισσότερες χώρες. Μάλιστα, τα επόμενα χρόνια αναμένεται να δοθεί μεγαλύτερη προσοχή στην ανάπτυξη πολιτικών που θα μειώνουν τις εκπομπές ρυπογόνων αέριων ρύπων. Η εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας, ως μέτρο πολιτικής, θα συνεχίσει να αποτελεί μια σημαντική στρατηγική ανάπτυξης για την οικονομία της χώρας μας, μια και συνδέεται σε σημαντικό βαθμό, με την κατανάλωση ενέργειας όπως και με την μείωση των εκπομπών αερίων ρύπων. Επιπλέον, συντονισμένες προσπάθειες τόσο από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση όσο και από άλλους οργανισμούς (IEA, OECD) θέτουν σε βασικό άξονα προτεραιότητας την μείωση της κατανάλωσης ενέργειας, την χρησιμοποίηση εναλλακτικών μορφών και ανανεώσιμων πηγών και την μείωση των ρυπογόνων εκπομπών ιδιαίτερα στον βιομηχανικό κλάδο.
Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διατριβής αναλύονται θέματα που σχετίζονται με την υιοθέτηση τεχνολογιών εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας από Βιομηχανικές επιχειρήσεις. Κεντρικό στοιχείο αυτής της προσέγγισης είναι το “Παράδοξο της Ενεργειακής Αποδοτικότητας”. Τρία συγκεκριμένα θέματα εξετάζονται σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση. Πρώτον, η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που οδηγούν στην εμφάνιση του “παραδόξου της ενεργειακής αποτελεσματικότητας” και συγκεκριμένα αν οι αποφάσεις των επιχειρήσεων για υιοθέτηση τέτοιων τεχνολογιών συνυπολογίζουν το στοιχείο της αποδοτικότητας των επενδεδυμένων κεφαλαίων. Δεύτερον, και με δεδομένο ότι στα αποτελέσματα του προηγούμενου σταδίου ανάλυσης αναδεικνύουν την σημαντικότητα του παράγοντα της πληροφορίας, αναπτύσσεται μια εκτενής προσέγγιση που αφορά τόσο το περιεχόμενο όσο και τον ρόλο του παράγοντα της πληροφορίας στην διαδικασία υιοθέτησης ΤΕΕ. Τρίτο, διερευνάται η επίδραση της υιοθέτησης των ΤΕΕ στην παραγωγική αποτελεσματικότητα και παραγωγικότητα των βιομηχανικών επιχειρήσεων.
Για τις ανάγκες της ανάλυσης αυτών των θεμάτων αναπτύσσονται δύο επιμέρους μικροοικονομικά υποδείγματα και μια μέθοδος μέτρησης της παραγωγικότητας σε ετερογενής τεχνολογίες. Το πρώτο μικροοικονομικό υπόδειγμα διερευνά την διαδικασία λήψης επενδυτικών αποφάσεων σε ΤΕΕ υπό το πρίσμα της συσχέτισης της επενδυτικής επιλογής με την κερδοφορία, σε πλαίσιο μερικής παρατηρησιμότητας. Το δεύτερο μικροοικονομικό υπόδειγμα επανατοποθετεί την έννοια της πληροφορίας και διερευνά τους παράγοντες που προσδιορίζουν το επίπεδο πληροφόρησης της επιχείρησης για ΤΕΕ. Τέλος για την μέτρηση της επίδρασης των ΤΕΕ στην παραγωγική αποτελεσματικότητα και παραγωγικότητα αναπτύσσεται μια μέθοδος που λαμβάνει ρητά υπόψη της την τεχνολογική ετερογένεια.
Η διερεύνηση των τριών αυτών ζητημάτων βασίζεται στην ανάλυση εμπειρικών δεδομένων που αφορούν επιχειρήσεις οι οποίες ενέταξαν στην παραγωγική τους διαδικασία τεχνολογίες εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας στην περίοδο 1990-2004. Οι επενδύσεις αυτές επιδοτήθηκαν κυρίως στα πλαίσια του Β’ και Γ’ Κοινοτικού Πλαισίου Στήριξης. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν με την μέθοδο των προσωπικών συνεντεύξεων (ερωτηματολόγια). Συμπληρωματικά δεδομένα αντλήθηκαν από την βάση δεδομένων της ICAP.The improvement for energy efficiency is generally viewed as an important option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and environmental damage caused by other pollutants (e.g. NOX,SOX). Moreover, is clearly interwoven with the exploitation of new and innovative technologies through the production process and its consequent paradox, the so called “energy efficiency paradox”. This paradox has recently attracted the interest of researchers and organizations (IEA,OECD) in an attempt to bring to light the source of it, the causalities between the adoption of energy efficient technology (EET) and the behaviour of firms . Three research questions have been examined in the specific Phd Thesis. Our first main research question were examined by formulating and testing the following hypothesis: the decision of the firms to adopt or not EET, is correlated to their profitability. Our second research project develops in two stages. The first stage aims at examining the factors influencing retrieval of information concerning EETs by manufacturing firms, while at the second stage we distinguish between readily available and emerging energy efficiency technologies and examine the factors affecting information acquisition for each one of these two broad sets of technologies. Finally, in order to disentangle firm’s heterogeneity we developed a methodological framework to calculate total factor productivity and its components differences arising from EETs adoption. Our first research question examines the energy efficiency paradox demonstrated in Greek manufacturing firms through a partial observability approach. Maximum likelihood estimates that arise from an incidental truncation model reveal that the adoption of the energy saving technologies is indeed strongly correlated to the returns of assets that are required in order to undertake the corresponding investments. The source of the energy efficiency paradox lies within a wide range of factors. Policy schemes that aim to increase the adoption rate of energy saving technologies within the field of manufacturing are significantly affected by differences in the size of firms. Finally, mixed policies seem to be more effective than polices that are only capital subsidy or regulation oriented. Answering the second research question, we aim to redefine the notion of awareness regarding the adoption of EETs. In a second stage we explore the crucial factors that affect the information level of EET adopters, distinguishing between epidemic and emerging technologies information. Our empirical findings reveal that the main factor that exerts positive influence on the level of information acquired by the firms may be encompassed in a set of variables that reflect what may be called a “business culture” regarding the EET Finally, we examined the impact of EETs adoption to Greek manufacturing firms operating under heterogeneous technology sets and we measured the components of total factor productivity (TFP) and its components arising from scale and technological differences. In order to examine our research questions we formulate a unique database. Our database came to light from the necessity of the Greek government to conserve energy in manufacturing and to reduce dangerous emissions in order to meet the criteria of the Kyoto Protocol. An extensive questionnaire was addressed to the 298 firms across the country that adopt EETs that have been subsidized from (i) the Support Frameworks for Regional and Industrial Development, (ii) the Energy Operational Program (OPE), which was part of the second European Union Support Framework (1994-2000) and (iii) the Operational Program ‘Competitiveness’, which is part of the third European Union Support Framework (2000-2006). Finally, 161 of them agreed to be interviewed on the basis of the questionnaire. Face to face interviews took place in the first six months of 2004. Additional data derived from ICAP financial database.