Journal articles: 'Information elite'

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Natow, Rebecca S. "The use of triangulation in qualitative studies employing elite interviews." Qualitative Research 20, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794119830077.

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Elite interviews provide valuable information from perspectives of power and privilege. However, the information elites provide may be biased or inaccurate, and researchers must be knowledgeable about the elites they interview. Therefore, the use of triangulation in studies using elite interviews is crucial. This article analyzes more than 120 peer-reviewed articles that reported the findings of elite interview research to understand the researchers’ use of triangulation. This analysis found that triangulation was common in studies that involved elite interviews, particularly by combining interviews with document review. This analysis also found that the purpose and value of triangulation in these studies varied based on the researchers’ interpretive frameworks.

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Shen, Li Zhen. "The Characteristics of the Elite Activities Space in the Information Society: A Case Study on the Yangtze River Delta." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1679.

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In the information society, people grasp the flow of the initiative will redefine the traditional elite constitute, because its expression is the space organization of the management elites, which are leading and depending on the flows. As an objective existence which should not be denied, elite space formats the unique spatial characteristics in the information society,and on the future it will have a significant impact on the development of the city. They manipulate the direction of capabilities of the flow and the junction of the future space. Elites activities space are mainly relying on the advanced production service industry, so the spatial distribution of the advanced production service industrial park reflects the elite activities spacial network, through the study of the spatial distribution of the advanced production service industrial park in Yangtze River Delta, further analysis the characteristics of elite activity spacial network.We do the research of the spatial relationship between the elite space and city, country and global city, and then elicit that the elite space rely on information technology have the flow characteristics of independence, fragment, and never lost. The analysis also draws a conclusion that as soon as the elite space arose the social class differentiation, it force the dual city come into being.

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Walgrave, Stefaan, and Yves Dejaeghere. "Surviving Information Overload: How Elite Politicians Select Information." Governance 30, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gove.12209.

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Kochetkov, Alexander. "Formation of the Digital Elite As a New Stratum of the Global Information Society." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.17.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation of the digital elite, determines the legitimacy and regularity of its appearance as a new stratum of the global information society. The paper shows that the study of the process of formation of the digital elite, and the strengthening of its power components is relevant and at the same time complex, with no unambiguous judgments in modern political science. It requires increased attention of the Russian state to the problems of information security and the protection of information sovereignty. Methods and materials. When preparing the article, the author relied on the concept of the global information society, as well as a systematic analysis of the digital society and its strata as a single, complexly organized organism. The methods of comparative analysis, structural and institutional approach and scientific forecasting were used. Analysis. The author examines the general trends of the genesis of the global digital society, the current stage of human development, determines the essence and main features of the new emerging social stratum of this society – the transnational digital elite, its significance and influence on the development of world and Russian society. The article substantiates the thesis that through the digital management of society and the economy, transnational elites have the potential to establish global world governance in the long term. However, according to the author, such a prospect is not deterministic, but is only one of the options for the future development of mankind. The paper also reveals some features of the modern Russian digital transformation, examines the possibilities of the emergence of the Russian digital elite. Results. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the formation of the digital elite occurs as a result of the gradual transformation of the ruling national and transnational elites, their transition to digital management technologies.

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Ntienjom Mbohou, Léger Félix, and Sule Tomkinson. "Rethinking Elite Interviews Through Moments of Discomfort: The Role of Information and Power." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (January 2022): 160940692210953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221095312.

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Interviews with policy and political officials are central in social science research. While these actors are traditionally conceived as elites, holding similar or more power and information compared to the researcher, a growing body of research documents that elite constitutes a variable category. We argue that researchers can glimpse the dynamic nature of power and information elites hold in moments of discomfort that arise throughout interview research. These moments illustrate the shift that takes place when the expectations of the elites regarding the researcher’s perceived resources shape the conditions of the production of knowledge. We call for problematizing professional status as the main marker of elite category in fieldwork preparation and training, as labeling people on a single marker of identity shapes how researchers conceive and approach them. The article presents examples from three moments of discomfort by focusing on recruitment of and social interaction with officials working on diaspora policy in Cameroon.

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Santoro, Lauren Ratliff, Elias Assaf, Robert M. Bond, Skyler J. Cranmer, Eloise E. Kaizar, and David J. Sivakoff. "Exploring the direct and indirect effects of elite influence on public opinion." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): e0257335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257335.

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Political elites both respond to public opinion and influence it. Elite policy messages can shape individual policy attitudes, but the extent to which they do is difficult to measure in a dynamic information environment. Furthermore, policy messages are not absorbed in isolation, but spread through the social networks in which individuals are embedded, and their effects must be evaluated in light of how they spread across social environments. Using a sample of 358 participants across thirty student organizations at a large Midwestern research university, we experimentally investigate how real social groups consume and share elite information when evaluating a relatively unfamiliar policy area. We find a significant, direct effect of elite policy messages on individuals’ policy attitudes. However, we find no evidence that policy attitudes are impacted indirectly by elite messages filtered through individuals’ social networks. Results illustrate the power of elite influence over public opinion.

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Yang, Qiang, Yuanpeng Zhu, Xudong Gao, Dongdong Xu, and Zhenyu Lu. "Elite Directed Particle Swarm Optimization with Historical Information for High-Dimensional Problems." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091384.

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High-dimensional optimization problems are ubiquitous in every field nowadays, which seriously challenge the optimization ability of existing optimizers. To solve this kind of optimization problems effectively, this paper proposes an elite-directed particle swarm optimization (EDPSO) with historical information to explore and exploit the high-dimensional solution space efficiently. Specifically, in EDPSO, the swarm is first separated into two exclusive sets based on the Pareto principle (80-20 rule), namely the elite set containing the top best 20% of particles and the non-elite set consisting of the remaining 80% of particles. Then, the non-elite set is further separated into two layers with the same size from the best to the worst. As a result, the swarm is divided into three layers. Subsequently, particles in the third layer learn from those in the first two layers, while particles in the second layer learn from those in the first layer, on the condition that particles in the first layer remain unchanged. In this way, the learning effectiveness and the learning diversity of particles could be largely promoted. To further enhance the learning diversity of particles, we maintain an additional archive to store obsolete elites, and use the predominant elites in the archive along with particles in the first two layers to direct the update of particles in the third layer. With these two mechanisms, the proposed EDPSO is expected to compromise search intensification and diversification well at the swarm level and the particle level, to explore and exploit the solution space. Extensive experiments are conducted on the widely used CEC’2010 and CEC’2013 high-dimensional benchmark problem sets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed EDPSO. Compared with several state-of-the-art large-scale algorithms, EDPSO is demonstrated to achieve highly competitive or even much better performance in tackling high-dimensional problems.

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Nankervis, K., L. Dumbell, L. Herbert, J. Winfield, R. Guire, and E. Launder. "A comparison of the position of elite and non-elite riders during competitive show jumping." Comparative Exercise Physiology 11, no. 2 (April 2015): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep150004.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the jumping positions of elite riders (within the top 150 of the British Showjumping rankings) with non-elites (unranked). Video footage of 10 elite and 10 non-elite riders jumping a one stride double combination (a vertical followed by a square oxer) within a 1.20 m competition was analysed. Four angles were measured: the angle between the trunk and the vertical (TRUNKvert), the hip angle (HIP), the angle of the thigh to the horizontal (THIGHhoriz) and the angle of the lower leg to the horizontal (LOWER LEGhoriz). Differences in the angles at five points throughout the double combination and the changes in angles between points were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. The effect of fence (vertical versus oxer) within groups (elite and non-elite) was also compared. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. HIP angle was significantly smaller on approach to the vertical (P=0.019) and significantly greater when approaching the oxer (P=0.001) for elite riders compared to non-elites. During approach to the oxer compared to the vertical elites had a greater HIP angle (P=0.007), whereas non-elites had smaller HIP (P=0.005) and THIGHhoriz (P=0.005) angles. During suspension, non-elite riders had a greater HIP (P=0.01) over the vertical and smaller LOWER LEGhoriz angle over the oxer (P=0.028) than elite riders. There were significant differences in change in HIP, THIGHhoriz and LOWER LEGhoriz angles between elite and non-elite riders between approach to and suspension over the oxer (P=0.007). During suspension, only elite riders showed an effect of fence with a greater HIP angle (P=0.005) and smaller TRUNKvert angle (P=0.013) over the oxer. Key differences in angles and change in angles exist between elite and non-elite riders. This information is useful in characterising elite rider position and identifying areas of interest for future study.

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Barna, Tibor. "Elite Wrestlers Orientation to Tactical Information." International Journal of Wrestling Science 3, no. 1 (June 2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878966.

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Schijf, Huibert, Jaap Dronkers, and Jennifer van den Broeke-George. "Recruitment of members of Dutch noble and high-bourgeois families to elite positions in the 20th century." Social Science Information 43, no. 3 (September 2004): 435–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018404045492.

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This article offers a counter-example of the modernization theory by looking at the elite positions of the nobility in the Netherlands in the 20th century. We compare the elite positions of the parents and the children, and between noble families and high bourgeoisie families. The likelihood of achieving an elite position has not decreased for different generations of the nobility or in comparison with the high bourgeoisie. An important factor is their social and cultural capital as indicated by the noble titles of their mothers and parents-in-law. This suggests that the modernization theory may apply to the middle classes, but far less to the elites.

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Inomata, Takeshi, Daniela Triadan, Erick Ponciano, Estela Pinto, Richard E. Terry, and Markus Eberl. "Domestic and Political Lives of Classic Maya Elites: The Excavation of Rapidly Abandoned Structures at Aguateca, Guatemala." Latin American Antiquity 13, no. 3 (September 2002): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972113.

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The Aguateca Archaeological Project conducted extensive excavations of elite residences at the Maya center of Aguateca, which was attacked by enemies and abandoned rapidly at the end of the Classic period. Burned buildings contained rich floor assemblages, providing extraordinary information on the domestic and political lives of Classic Maya elites. Each elite residence served for a wide range of domestic work, including the storage, preparation, and consumption of food, with a relatively clear division of male and female spaces. These patterns suggest that each of the excavated elite residences was occupied by a relatively small group, which constituted an important economic and social unit. In addition, elite residences were arenas where crucial processes of the operation of the polity and court unfolded through political gatherings, artistic production, and displays of power.

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Galtrud, Åse Garten, and Katriina Byström. "Information-rich, but time-poor." Journal of Documentation 76, no. 2 (October 17, 2019): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-03-2019-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how elite politicians in opposition in the Norwegian parliament use information when responding to government propositions and investigate if Chatman’s small world conception can explain the socially and economically highly privileged groups’ approach to information. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative analysis of the data consisting of eight interviews with seven members of parliament (MPs) and one political advisor is based on a selective coding grounded to Chatman’s six propositions on life in the round. Findings The overall findings indicate that elite politicians’ information practices concentrate in mastering the flow of information and admitting attention selectively, but on broad topics. Whereas MPs information practices within an intentional approach (i.e. to be used in political responses and debates) aligned with the small world idea, the nebulous approach (i.e. keeping updated on societal issues) breaks the boundaries of their “small worlds”. Originality/value The study provides a glimpse into information practises of a little studied group, elite politicians. Moreover, it applies Chatman’s conception of small world in a novel manner.

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Wu, Charles K. S. "HOW PUBLIC OPINION SHAPES TAIWAN'S SUNFLOWER MOVEMENT." Journal of East Asian Studies 19, no. 3 (November 2019): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2019.30.

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AbstractThe 2014 Sunflower Movement succeeded in blocking Taiwan's Congress from ratifying the Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement (CSSTA), a bill that proposed to liberalize trade with China. Since most of the participants in this movement were students and NGO members, they had limited economic and political resources to influence policy change, which makes their success in stopping a trade deal remarkable. Many attribute this important success to an elite alliance with politicians inside the government, fueled by a personal rivalry between political elites. However, I argue that changing public opinion is the more important force behind the creation of the alliance. With original data from interviews with political elites, their staff members, and activists in Taiwan, in addition to secondary information, I confirm public opinion to be the major reason for the political alliance. This case illustrates that in some circumstances, public opinion outweighs the importance of elite rivalry in influencing political elite decision-making, and it could represent a key mechanism of democratic policy-making.

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Barceló, Joan. "Ideological Consistency, Political Information and Elite-Mass Congruence*." Social Science Quarterly 98, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12282.

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Veltri, Giuseppe Alessandro. "Information flows and centrality among elite European newspapers." European Journal of Communication 27, no. 4 (December 2012): 354–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323112459321.

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Platteau, Jean-Philippe, Vincent Somville, and Zaki Wahhaj. "Elite capture through information distortion: A theoretical essay." Journal of Development Economics 106 (January 2014): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.10.002.

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Wang, Mingwen, Maosheng Zhong, Shuixiu Wu, Yanlin Wu, and Xinyu Zhou. "Accelerating artificial bee colony algorithm using elite information." International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications 13, no. 5/6 (2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijica.2022.10053563.

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Zhou, Xinyu, Yanlin Wu, Shuixiu Wu, Maosheng Zhong, and Mingwen Wang. "Accelerating artificial bee colony algorithm using elite information." International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications 13, no. 5/6 (2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijica.2022.128440.

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Krasilshchikov, G. G. "LOCAL ELITES IN THE RURAL AREAS OF THE PERM KRAI IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION (CONSOLIDATION) OF MUNICIPALITIES." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 16, no. 1 (2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2022-1-49-57.

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The article presents the findings from an empirical study of local elites in the context of the transformation of the municipal structure, conducted in 2021 in three rural areas of the Perm Krai. One of the first regions of Russia in which there was a mass creation of municipalities of a new type named "municipal districts" was Perm Krai. Changes in the local self-government system in the region can have an impact on inter-elite relations, political and administrative processes in municipalities. The objective of the study is to identify the political and managerial features of the enlargement of municipalities and their impact on inter-elite relations in local communities. The research uses a structural approach to the study of elites and a combination of positional, decisional, reputational and sociometric methods. Non-formalized (in-depth) interviews with 30 representatives of local elites were conducted to collect information (10 interviews in each study area). The study shows that the consolidation of municipalities in rural areas with low dynamics of the political process is not a determinative factor influencing inter-elite relations, but in some cases, it can serve as an impetus for an escalation of political tension.

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Desposato, Scott. "Public Impacts from Elite Audit Experiments: Aggregate and Response Delay Harms." Political Studies Review 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14789299211059657.

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What are the potential harms from elite audit experiments? Such studies seem genuinely harmless and all in a day’s work for elites. In addition, such studies may provide valuable information about elites’ performance and service to their publics. However, there are a number of potential harms of such studies which are generally not captured by the standard human subjects framework. In this essay, I consider the various harms that can result from excessive experimentation on elites. I identify several previously ignored public harms, including aggregate and response delay harms. I offer several potential strategies to assuage and avoid these harms.

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Hunt, Kenneth, Eric Lakey, Jesse Roberts, and Pam Kumparatana. "Application of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) in Elite Athletes." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00064.

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Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: Since its introduction into clinical practice, the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has become commonplace across multiple different orthopaedic sub-specialties for a wide variety of patient populations. PROMIS computer adaptive tests (CATs) are increasingly administered following injury and/or surgical intervention. Yet, a gap in the literature remains with regard to the results of PROMIS scores in populations that may not conform to mean normal values in the NIH PROMIS scoring database. Examples include young, healthy patients and young, elite athletes. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of scoring tools in six PROMIS domains in young, healthy non-athlete individuals and young, uninjured elite athletes, comparing both to National Institute of Health (NIH) developed normal PROMIS means and Standard deviations. Methods: In an IRB approved prospective cohort study, healthy subjects were recruited from a large University with a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 athletics program between May and November 2017. Subjects were administered a one-time survey, including the following six PROMIS domains: Pain Interference CAT, Physical Functioning CAT, Mobility CAT, Social Functioning CAT, Depression CAT, and Global Health Short Form. Demographics included age, gender, sport and level of participation (where applicable), self-reported health status, history of recent orthopaedic injury, and history of foot/ankle surgery. Elite athletes were defined as participants > 18 years old actively participating in NCAA Division 1 athletics. Young people were defined as non-NCAA Division 1 athletes ages 18 to 35 years old. Following completion of data collection, results were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Results: The final cohort consisted of a total of 206 participants, which included 39 elite athletes, and 167 healthy non-athletes. All six PROMIS domains demonstrated statistically significant differences (p-value < 0.01) comparing elite athletes to NIH normal values. Compared to healthy non-athletes, elite athletes’ scores were all significant different (p-value < 0.01) except for the PROMIS Social Functioning CAT (p = 0.0766) and PROMIS Global Health Short Form Physical Functioning T-score (p = 0.0916). Furthermore, when elite athletes were compared to similar age undergraduates students (n = 25) only PROMIS Depression CAT and Global Health Short Form Mental Health T-score were statistically significant (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: Elite athletes’ baseline PROMIS scores are significantly different than both the NIH normal values, and young healthy non-athletes across PROMIS domains. This highlights the need to interpret the results of elite athletes’ scores in the context of normal values for this specific population, and taking this into account over the of course of care following injury and/or surgery. There is a need for further research to establish baseline normal values for PROMIS scores for elite athletes and other populations of specific interest to the orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon, to ensure proper interpretation of scores throughout the course of treatment.

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Fatmayani, Musayyarah, Drs Pawito, and Widodo Muktiyo. "Information Seeking in the Elite PDI Perjuangan about Gibran Election as the Solo Mayor." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i6.1167.

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This study aims to express an understanding of how information-seeking patterns among the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle in Surakarta relate to the issue of the possible nomination of Gibran Rakabuming Raka - son of Indonesian President Joko Widodo as a candidate for Mayor of Surakarta. This research analyzes through social media, especially Facebook, about the relationship between information seeking behavior of the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) with certainty about the issues circulating in the community. This research paradigm uses phenomenology with a qualitative approach. The source / participant of this research is the political elite PDI Perjuangan this is because according to the news circulating Gibran will run for office using PDI Perjuangan party vehicles. This study concludes that the pattern of information seeking among the political elite of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI Perjuangan) in Surakarta with information certainty needs. The need for information seeking is growing, making the PDI Perjuangan elite in Surakarta a source of information which then forms information search behavior patterns based on the use of social media, especially Facebook.

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Bakharev, Dmitry S., and Elena M. Glavatskaya. "SOCIAL ELITES IN LATE IMPERIAL EKATERINBURG: A PROGRAM FOR HISTORICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH." Ural Historical Journal 72, no. 3 (2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-3(72)-169-179.

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This article develops a theoretical basis for studying the socio-demographic evolution of elites in local/urban historical communities. The authors analyzed the methodological and terminological apparatus used in modern elite studies and formulated the concept of “social elite” based on synthesizing the civilizational aspects of elite theory and modernization theory. The social elite is understood as a minority that is a reference group for the rest of society in the sphere of sociodemographic practices. A fruitful study of such an object is realistic only by employing mass nominative sources that recorded demographic events in individual lives. The most important nominative source which contains demographic and, in addition, social information about the demographically representative communities of imperial Russia, are metricheskie knigi — parish vital events records. The potential of this type of source is most effectively realized by transcribing the information into databases for subsequent quantitative analysis. The research was carried out based on the URAPP — “Ural Population Project” — a comprehensive electronic resource containing information from the Orthodox parishes records in Ekaterinburg for 1880–1919, now extended to about 57000 entries. The initial adaptation of the proposed model to the historical context of late imperial Ekaterinburg enabled us to identify a community of townspeople — the parish of the Orthodox Epiphany Cathedral — that was more modernized than the rest of the city. Concentrating the research focus on socio-demographic processes among the parishioners of this community at the individual level, will in the future make it possible to represent more fully the evolutionary mechanisms of the social elite in the late Imperial Russian city. The proposed scheme can be used to study the problems of Russian social history in the late 19th — early 20th centuries, primarily to identify the agents driving the socio-demographic modernization.

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Carroll, Royce, and Hiroki Kubo. "Measuring and comparing party ideology and heterogeneity." Party Politics 25, no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068817710222.

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Estimates of party ideological positions in Western Democracies yield useful party-level information, but generally lack the ability to provide an insight into the intraparty politics of party elites. In this article, we generate comparable measures of latent individual policy positions from elite survey data that enable analysis of elite-level party ideology and heterogeneity. This approach has some advantages over both expert surveys and approaches based on behavioral data, such as roll-call voting, and is directly relevant to the study of party cohesion. We generate a measure of elite positions for several mostly European countries using a common space scaling approach and demonstrate its validity as a measure of party ideology. We then apply these data to examine sources of party elite heterogeneity, focusing on the role of intraparty competition in electoral systems, nomination rules, and party goals. We find that policy-seeking parties and centralized party nomination rules are associated with less party heterogeneity. While intraparty competition has no effect, such contexts appear to condition the effect of district magnitude.

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Smith, Gregory L. "Secret but Constrained: The Impact of Elite Opposition on Covert Operations." International Organization 73, no. 03 (2019): 685–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818319000171.

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AbstractRecent international relations scholarship has argued that political elites constrain the use of military force by democracies. Despite the persuasiveness of this research, scholars have largely ignored elite dynamics’ ability to constrain the initiation of covert operations. This omission is consequential because scholars of US foreign policy often assume that covert operations serve as a substitute for the overt use of force; secrecy allows leaders to limit information to congressional elites and thus weaken their oversight capabilities. Do elite political dynamics constrain presidents’ ability to act secretly or do they affect the overt use of force only? I argue that elite political constraints—particularly opposition from Congress—extend to the president's ability to initiate covert operations. By examining the trade-off between US military force and CIA-initiated covert operations during the Cold War, I find the likelihood that covert operations are initiated decreases significantly during periods of divided government and that there is no distinguishable trade-off between covert operations and overt military force. The results suggest that constraints on covert operations became more uniform across unified and divided government following congressional oversight reforms in 1975 that reduced the information asymmetry between the majority and minority party. These findings have important ramifications for the nascent literature on back-door bargaining and covert signalling. Because democratic leaders frequently face domestic political costs even when acting in secret, covert operations should allow leaders to credibly convey their resolve.

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Calfano, Brian, Kevin Swift, and Paul A. Djupe. "Teasing Influence: News Teases, Elite Cues, and Information Use." Journal of Media and Religion 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2021.1875659.

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Gesbert, Vincent, Julien Carrel, Roberta Antonini Philippe, and Denis Hauw. "Elite volleyball coaches’ experience using a statistical information system." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 16, no. 2 (August 2016): 612–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2016.11868913.

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Jones-Morales, Jennifer, and Alison M. Konrad. "Attaining elite leadership: career development and childhood socioeconomic status." Career Development International 23, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-03-2017-0047.

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PurposeThe existence of disadvantaged sub-populations whose talents are under-leveraged is a problem faced by developing and developed countries alike. Life history data revealed that a large proportion of elite business leaders in the Caribbean emerged from childhood poverty (families subsisting on US$1-2 a day, 40 percent). The purpose of this paper is to examine the key factors supporting the career development of elite leaders from a broad socioeconomic spectrum and both genders in order to build a model of career development for elite leadership.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via in-depth interviews from a deliberately gender-balanced sample of 39 male and 39 female elite business leaders. Thematic analysis identified consistencies across independent interviews and resulted in a model identifying factors supporting pre-career development as key to eventual attainment of elite leadership.FindingsFindings indicated that in childhood and youth, proactivity plus talent recognition and mentoring by adults enhanced access to early developmental opportunities. Early career mentoring guided talented youth to build personal drive, self-esteem, altruism, and integrity, which created a foundation for developing career capital through values-based action. Altogether, these findings indicate the importance of pre-career relational capital to attainment of elite career success.Originality/valueDifficult-to-access elite leaders provided rich information emphasizing the importance of pre-career development in childhood and youth to eventual elite leadership attainment. Virtually all of the elites in the sample remember being identified as talented early in life and consider early messages about drive to achieve as well as support received from parents, teachers, and other interested adults to be critical to their success. Hence, a process of talent recognition and encouragement to excel appear to be crucial for connecting young people to important relational capital allowing them to eventually achieve elite status, particularly those individuals hailing from disadvantaged backgrounds.

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Salgiriev, Ali, Vakha Gaziev, Magomed Soltamuradov, and Sultan Galbatsov. "INFORMATION THREATS TO THE STABILITY OF POLITICAL SYSTEM IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS." Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.03.

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In the Northern Caucasus, political elites traditionally play a key role in managing political processes, prevent and resolve conflicts, counter sociocultural threats, terrorism, and political extremism. The stability of the political system depends on the degree of political elites’ responsibility and their ability to negotiate with the federal political and administrative elite and to relay the interests of society. New threats to the normal functioning of state authorities are currently emerging, indicating the inefficiency of Russia’s policy aimed at preventing information security threats. In recent years, active social strata (mainly young people) have been mobilized with the aim of overthrowing legitimate authorities and objectionable politicians, changing regimes, etc., using modern network technologies, disinformation and fake news. Due to its historical and socio-cultural characteristics, as well as poly-confessional structure, the population of the Northern Caucasus is highly sensitive to territorial issues, as well as issues of religion, culture, ethnic relations, etc. In many respects, information technologies determine the position and power of high-status actors, primarily political elites, within the political system.

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Yang, Qiang, Kai-Xuan Zhang, Xu-Dong Gao, Dong-Dong Xu, Zhen-Yu Lu, Sang-Woon Jeon, and Jun Zhang. "A Dimension Group-Based Comprehensive Elite Learning Swarm Optimizer for Large-Scale Optimization." Mathematics 10, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10071072.

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High-dimensional optimization problems are more and more common in the era of big data and the Internet of things (IoT), which seriously challenge the optimization performance of existing optimizers. To solve these kinds of problems effectively, this paper devises a dimension group-based comprehensive elite learning swarm optimizer (DGCELSO) by integrating valuable evolutionary information in different elite particles in the swarm to guide the updating of inferior ones. Specifically, the swarm is first separated into two exclusive sets, namely the elite set (ES) containing the top best individuals, and the non-elite set (NES), consisting of the remaining individuals. Then, the dimensions of each particle in NES are randomly divided into several groups with equal sizes. Subsequently, each dimension group of each non-elite particle is guided by two different elites randomly selected from ES. In this way, each non-elite particle in NES is comprehensively guided by multiple elite particles in ES. Therefore, not only could high diversity be maintained, but fast convergence is also likely guaranteed. To alleviate the sensitivity of DGCELSO to the associated parameters, we further devise dynamic adjustment strategies to change the parameter settings during the evolution. With the above mechanisms, DGCELSO is expected to explore and exploit the solution space properly to find the optimum solutions for optimization problems. Extensive experiments conducted on two commonly used large-scale benchmark problem sets demonstrate that DGCELSO achieves highly competitive or even much better performance than several state-of-the-art large-scale optimizers.

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Lupu, Noam, Lucía Selios, and Zach Warner. "A New Measure of Congruence: The Earth Mover’s Distance." Political Analysis 25, no. 1 (January 2017): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.2.

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Scholars of representation are increasingly interested in mass–elite congruence—the degree to which the preferences of elected elites mirror those of voters. Yet existing measures of congruence can be misleading because they ignore information in the data, require arbitrary decisions about quantization, and limit researchers to comparing masses and elites on a single dimension. We introduce a new measure of congruence—borrowed from computer science—that addresses all of these problems: the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD). We demonstrate its conceptual advantages and apply it to two debates in research on mass–elite congruence: ideological congruence in majoritarian and proportional systems and the determinants of congruence across countries in Latin America. We find that improving measurement using the EMD has important implications for inferences regarding both empirical debates. Even beyond studies of congruence, the EMD is a useful and reliable way for political scientists to compare distributions.

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Baum, Matthew A., and Tim Groeling. "Reality Asserts Itself: Public Opinion on Iraq and the Elasticity of Reality." International Organization 64, no. 3 (July 2010): 443–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000172.

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AbstractPrevailing theories hold that U.S. public support for a war depends primarily on its degree of success, U.S. casualties, or conflict goals. Yet, research into the framing of foreign policy shows that public perceptions concerning each of these factors are often endogenous and malleable by elites. In this article, we argue that both elite rhetoric and the situation on the ground in the conflict affect public opinion, but the qualities that make such information persuasive vary over time and with circumstances. Early in a conflict, elites (especially the president) have an informational advantage that renders public perceptions of “reality” very elastic. As events unfold and as the public gathers more information, this elasticity recedes, allowing alternative frames to challenge the administration's preferred frame. We predict that over time the marginal impact of elite rhetoric and reality will decrease, although a sustained change in events may eventually restore their influence. We test our argument through a content analysis of news coverage of the Iraq war from 2003 through 2007, an original survey of public attitudes regarding Iraq, and partially disaggregated data from more than 200 surveys of public opinion on the war.

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Ratsoy, Blair, and Mary Curran. "Periodicals Reference Service andEBSCOhost MasterFILE Elite." Serials Librarian 43, no. 3 (February 26, 2003): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v43n03_03.

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Farid, Farid, and Priyatmoko Priyatmoko. "DINAMIKA INTERAKSI ANTARA ELITE POLITIK LOKAL DAN ELITE AGAMA DALAM KONTESTASI PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN 2019 DI KOTA PASURUAN." Jurnal Politik indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Politics) 6, no. 1 (September 13, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpi.v6i1.29883.

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The study focuses on the political phenomenon of the dynamic interaction between the local political elites and the religious elites in the contestation of the 2019 presidential elections. In this case of the contestation of presidential elections 2019, each has an influential elite in the community. The subject in this study to the political elites was a member of the Regional House of Representatives and Leaders of political parties in Pasuruan City. Furthermore, regarding the religious elites, it is a religious figure or religious leader who has an educational institution or a mass. The analysis study conducted is to use the main data obtained from an interview to the subject of the researcher and the secondary data information obtained from other supporting documents. The results of the research resulted in the findings of the Interaction dynamics between local political elites and religious elites in Pasuruan City during the 2019 Presidential Election. This interaction aims to win the candidate of the 2019 presidential spouse in Pasuruan city. Religious Elites and Local political elites in Pasuruan City each have the same interests. This interest is to win each of the spouses supported presidential candidates. The local political elites and religious elites are trying to win presidential candidates in a variety of ways. It starts with an open declaration until the indirect support. The religious elites in Pasuruan City have an important role in every election activity. Therefore, in the election activities will occur the dynamic interaction between the political elites and religious elites.

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Mahdavi, Paasha. "Scraping Public Co-Occurrences for Statistical Network Analysis of Political Elites." Political Science Research and Methods 7, no. 2 (September 14, 2017): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.28.

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Collecting network information on political elites using conventional methods such as surveys and text records is challenging in authoritarian and/or conflict-ridden states. I introduce a data collection method for elite networks using scraping algorithms to capture public co-appearances at political and social events. Validity checks using existing data show the method effectively replicates interaction-based networks but not networks based on behavioral similarities; in both cases, measurement error remains a concern. Applying the method to Nigeria illustrates that patronage—measured in terms of public connectivity—does not drive national oil companies appointments. Given that theories of elite behavior aim to understand individual-level interactions, the applicability of data using this technique is well-suited to situations where intrusive data collection is costly or prohibitive.

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Dluhošová, Táňa. "Marital Networks and Portfolios of Prestige." European Journal of East Asian Studies 19, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 124–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01901003.

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Abstract Many of today’s most successful Taiwanese companies are linked to prominent kin groups. Expanding existing historical scholarship, which has focused on elite families individually, the article opens up a broader perspective by investigating Taiwanese elites as a social group, albeit a heterogeneous one. Based on a dataset comprising family members and their relationships, the article first describes this marital network of 1,271 families. Subsequently, following a Bourdieusian approach, it analyses distinct elite groups and their engagement in multiple fields of activity, information about which is stored in TBIO (Taiwan Biographical Ontology), a biographical database established by the author. The analysis reveals the existence of characteristic combinations of capital—dubbed here ‘portfolios of prestige’—which allowed these families to gain and maintain their positions of influence. In combining Digital Humanities methods and sociological approaches, the article thus identifies salient structural features of Taiwanese elites which have rarely been highlighted and opens up new prospects for future research.

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Human, P., and Linda Human. "Silver spoons and black mobility: The white South African economic elite and its implications for the upward mobility of blacks." South African Journal of Business Management 18, no. 2 (June 30, 1987): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v18i2.1001.

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Implicit in any discussion of the concentration of economic power is the assumption that the South African economy is dominated by a coherent and cohesive white economic elite. Two separate but complementary perspectives can be used to explain this phenomenon. The classical social mobility perspective argues that elites in the western world have tended to reproduce themselves. By a process of 'social closure' which involves the use of two main exclusionary devices - property and credentials - groups attempt to optimize their own rewards by restricting access to resources and opportunities to 'insiders'. The related economic argument suggests that higher profit is achieved through a hegemonic kind of social organization which is sufficiently stable to facilitate the exchange of information and expertise between corporations, thus decreasing risk. The sociological and economic perspectives are analysed using data pertaining to South Africa's business elite. It is found that the sociological perspective is valid but that the economic perspective does not hold ground. The implications of exclusionary closure by the white business elite for both black mobility and the transfer of capital to black people are discussed.

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Djupe, Paul A., and Brian R. Calfano. "Justification Not by Faith Alone: Clergy Generating Trust and Certainty by Revealing Thought." Politics and Religion 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2009): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048309000017.

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AbstractWhile our intuition is that religious elites influence the political behavior of their audiences, just how that influence takes place is essentially unknown. Among many possible mechanisms, we investigate a new one: the effects of the decision-making process information that is included in elite statements. We believe that “process cues” paralleling those preferred by respondents bolster trust in the source and augment the ability to form determined attitudes. We test this proposition in the context of a survey experiment that focuses on environmental racism. We present competing arguments provided by a reverend and a professor, variably assigning the arguments and presence of elite process cues. We find that process cues do affect trust and attitudinal ambivalence, but in ways that challenge some pervasive assumptions about the integrity and importance of religious groups in politics.

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Salter, Sandra, Bronte Librizzi, Lily Ngu, Michael Ricciardello, Amy Street, Rhonda Clifford, Carmel Goodman, and Peter Peeling. "Medication information and supply behaviours of elite athletes in pharmacy." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 14, no. 8 (August 2018): e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.101.

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Perry, Danae, Bronte Librizzi, Lily Ngu, Michael Ricciardello, Amy Street, Rhonda Clifford, Carmel Goodman, Peter Peeling, and Sandra M. Salter. "Medication information and supply behaviours in elite and developing athletes." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23, no. 6 (June 2020): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.026.

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Thomas, Johanna O., Matthew Dunn, Wendy Swift, and Lucinda Burns. "Illicit drug knowledge and information-seeking behaviours among elite athletes." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 14, no. 4 (July 2011): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.02.001.

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Radad, Iraj, Hassan Behzadi, and Somayeh Zadehrahim. "Information seeking behaviour of ordinary and elite saffron farmers in Iran." Electronic Library 35, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-02-2016-0048.

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Purpose The present research aims to compare information-seeking behaviour of ordinary and elite saffron farmers in Iran. Design/methodology/approach The study sample consisted of 375 saffron farmers (295 ordinary and 80 elite saffron farmers) selected using the cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a kind of researcher-made questionnaire. Findings The results showed saffron onion, pesticides, cultivators and farmland worker were the main components of saffron farmers’ information-seeking behaviour of both groups. The most important sources of information for both groups included reference to past experience, neighbouring saffron farmers, contact with informants and other family members. The main criteria which affected the behaviour of the two groups on the use of information sources were provided information in local language, native people, clear and intelligible information and low cost. Farmers were also confronted with common problems such as lack of attention to the needs of farmers and insufficient number of technical experts. It was also found that there was no significant relationship between information-seeking behaviour of elite and ordinary saffron farmers and their performance. Originality/value Saffron is one of the most important agricultural export products in Iran, and this paper is the first research in this subject. The results can help develop information-seeking behaviour of farmers.

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Richards, David. "Elite Interviewing: Approaches and Pitfalls." Politics 16, no. 3 (September 1996): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1996.tb00039.x.

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Interviews are one of the major tools in qualitative research, although there is a limited literature on the subject of interviewing generally and elite interviewing particularly. The aim of this article is to introduce some of the issues involved in elite interviewing to researchers new to the use of the technique. Emphasis is also placed on the need for the interviewer to know his/her subject thoroughly, and to be prepared to be flexible in an interview situation. The information is based on the author's own recent experience of interviewing a number of top civil servants, both serving and retired.

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Massey, Brian L. "Civic Journalism and Nonelite Sourcing: Making Routine Newswork of Community Connectedness." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 75, no. 2 (June 1998): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909807500213.

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Civic journalism's routine use of bringing more “average” citizens into the news was tested by comparing the Tallahassee (FL) Democrat, a nationally recognized civic-journalism newspaper, with its past, traditional-journalism self and a traditionalist contemporary. Nonelite information sources were elevated to numerical parity with elite sources in the civic journalism Democrat, but the frequency and directness of their news voices were largely unchanged. The news-voice profile of elites was diminished in the civic-journalism paper. Routine civic journalism at the Democrat did more to tone down the newsworthiness of elites than to raise the volume for nonelites.

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Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., and Laura Moses. "Meaningful messaging: Sentiment in elite social media communication with the public on the COVID-19 pandemic." Science Advances 7, no. 29 (July 2021): eabg2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg2898.

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Elite messaging plays a crucial role in shaping public debate and spreading information. We examine elite political communication during an emergent international crisis to investigate the role of tone in messaging, information spread, and public reaction. By measuring tone in social media messages from members of the U.S. Congress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we find clear partisan differences and a differential impact of tone on message engagement and information spread. This suggests that even in the midst of an international health crisis, partisanship and emotional rhetoric play a critical part in elite communications and contribute to the attention messages receive. The messaging on COVID-19 is polarized and fractured. The valenced messaging provokes divergence in public engagement, reaction, and information spread. These results have important implications for studies of representation, public opinion, and how government can effectively engage individuals in emergent situations or pivotal moments.

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Casper, Brett A. "IMF Programs and the Risk of a Coup d’état." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 5 (August 21, 2015): 964–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715600759.

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Leaders use the distribution of economic rents to maintain the political support of regime elites. When countries join International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs, they are often required to implement a variety of free market-inspired reforms—such as privatization, reductions in government spending, and the restructuring of financial institutions—as a condition for receiving program funds. These types of reforms can diminish a leader’s capacity to redistribute wealth, which ultimately increases the risk of a coup. More specifically, when a leader begins the implementation of an IMF arrangement, the leader’s action provides public information about the leader’s weakened ability to redistribute wealth in the future. Thus, the act of implementing an IMF program provides each individual elite with information about his or her expected value of rents in the future, and this information gives elites who stand to be harmed by a reform an incentive to launch a coup.

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Hedrick, Bradley N., Martin I. Morse, and Stephen F. Figoni. "Training Practices of Elite Wheelchair Roadracers." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1988): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.5.2.140.

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This project assessed training behaviors and attributes of elite wheelchair racers. Training information was received from 36 participants in the 1985 National 10K Wheelchair Roadracing Championship. Data were obtained about age, weight, nature and level of disability, racing experience, sources of training information, level of cigarette and alcohol use, and dietary habits. Weekly training behaviors across yearly quarters were assessed with regard to the number of weekly pushing workouts, length of pushing workouts, number of miles pushed per week, percentage of training time allocated to interval training and/or speedwork, number of weekly weight-training sessions, and number of other augmentative physical activities pursued twice or more per week. Perceived exertion during interval and noninterval, steady-state training tasks was also measured. Results revealed that training behaviors of elite wheelchair racers are very heterogeneous. Participation in and age of introduction to elite wheelchair racing were found to be predominantly adult phenomena. The health practices of the athletes regarding cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and weight control were generally found to be good. However, inadequate caloric control measures by the quadriplegics and the ingestion of protein supplements by male racers indicate that some dietary counseling may be needed. The results provide a starting point for a data base pertaining to training behaviors in wheelchair racing.

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Pickering, Craig, John Kiely, Jozo Grgic, Alejandro Lucia, and Juan Del Coso. "Can Genetic Testing Identify Talent for Sport?" Genes 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10120972.

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Elite athlete status is a partially heritable trait, as are many of the underpinning physiological, anthropometrical, and psychological traits that contribute to elite performance. In recent years, our understanding of the specific genetic variants that contribute to these traits has grown, such that there is considerable interest in attempting to utilise genetic information as a tool to predict future elite athlete status. In this review, we explore the extent of the genetic influence on the making of a sporting champion and we describe issues which, at present, hamper the utility of genetic testing in identifying future elite performers. We build on this by exploring what further knowledge is required to enhance this process, including a reflection on the potential learnings from the use of genetics as a disease prediction tool. Finally, we discuss ways in which genetic information may hold utility within elite sport in the future, including guiding nutritional and training recommendations, and assisting in the prevention of injury. Whilst genetic testing has the potential to assist in the identification of future talented performers, genetic tests should be combined with other tools to obtain an accurate identification of those athletes predisposed to succeed in sport. The use of total genotype scores, composed of a high number of performance-enhancing polymorphisms, will likely be one of the best strategies in the utilisation of genetic information to identify talent in sport.

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GOULART, Natália Batista Albuquerque, Morgana LUNARDI, Jennifer Faraon WALTRICK, Annelise LINK, Leandro GARCIAS, Mônica de Oliveira MELO, João Carlos OLIVA, and Marco Aurélio VAZ. "Injuries prevalence in elite male artistic gymnasts." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 30, no. 1 (March 2016): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000100079.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the injuries prevalence in men elite artistic gymnasts. Twenty Brazilian senior gymnasts, aged 23.1 ± 6.5 years, 13.9 ± 5.0 years of practice and 36.5 ± 4.7 hours per week training, participated in this study. The athletes answered a morbidity questionnaire, formulated according to studies from the literature, for information on the injuries’ characteristics and circumstances. Information about the injury circumstances (gymnastic apparatus, overload training and physical exercises), the anatomic site injured, the affect biological tissue and the return to training after injury treatment were evaluated. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, absolute and relative frequencies. The training overload, and floor, pommel horse and vault were the events that presented higher injuries frequency. In relation to anatomic site, ankle, hands/fingers and shoulder were the most cited regions. The ligament, bone and articular capsule were the most affected biological tissues. In relation to gymnasts’ return to their sports activities, 56% of them reported a better condition at return, 33% reported to have returned at the same fitness level and 10% indicated that they were in a worse condition when they returned to the sports activities. The men’s artistic gymnastics injuries are related to the mechanical demands of this sport. The analysis of risk factors helps in understanding the injuries mechanisms in gymnastics, and provides relevant information that can assist in effective prevention strategies.

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Tatlıbal, Pınar. "The Relationship between Body Appreciation Levels, Eating Attitudes and Physical Profiles of Turkish Elite Artistic Gymnasts." Journal of Educational Issues 7, no. 3 (December 26, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i3.19266.

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Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behavior in athletes may occur when sports and social pressures require an ideal body standard, if the athlete perceives that his or her body does not conform to this ideal. For this reason, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between artistic gymnasts’ (AG) physical profiles, body appreciation levels and eating attitudes. A total of 32 elite AG (Turkish National Team), 13 women and 19 men, participated in this study. Height and body analyzes of the participants were measured. Body appreciation levels were determined by the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and eating attitudes were determined by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). With the Training Information Form, information about training frequencies and durations was provided. Comparative analyzes of the BAS and EAT-26 results of elite female and male gymnasts were performed. The physical profiles, eating attitudes and body appreciation levels of female AG were evaluated and the relationship between them was determined. While no significant correlation was found between the BAS, EAT-26 and physical profiles of the elite male AG, a negative significant correlation was found between the BAS and body mass index (BMI) of female elite AG (p < 0.05). It was concluded that while BMI rates of elite female AG increased, their body appreciation levels decreased. The BAS results of elite AG’ were found to be significantly higher than those of elite female AGs (p < 0.05).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Information elite'

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