Relevant bibliographies by topics / Information elite

Academic literature on the topic 'Information elite'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Information elite"

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Natow, Rebecca S. "The use of triangulation in qualitative studies employing elite interviews." Qualitative Research 20, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794119830077.

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Elite interviews provide valuable information from perspectives of power and privilege. However, the information elites provide may be biased or inaccurate, and researchers must be knowledgeable about the elites they interview. Therefore, the use of triangulation in studies using elite interviews is crucial. This article analyzes more than 120 peer-reviewed articles that reported the findings of elite interview research to understand the researchers’ use of triangulation. This analysis found that triangulation was common in studies that involved elite interviews, particularly by combining interviews with document review. This analysis also found that the purpose and value of triangulation in these studies varied based on the researchers’ interpretive frameworks.
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Shen, Li Zhen. "The Characteristics of the Elite Activities Space in the Information Society: A Case Study on the Yangtze River Delta." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1679.

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In the information society, people grasp the flow of the initiative will redefine the traditional elite constitute, because its expression is the space organization of the management elites, which are leading and depending on the flows. As an objective existence which should not be denied, elite space formats the unique spatial characteristics in the information society,and on the future it will have a significant impact on the development of the city. They manipulate the direction of capabilities of the flow and the junction of the future space. Elites activities space are mainly relying on the advanced production service industry, so the spatial distribution of the advanced production service industrial park reflects the elite activities spacial network, through the study of the spatial distribution of the advanced production service industrial park in Yangtze River Delta, further analysis the characteristics of elite activity spacial network.We do the research of the spatial relationship between the elite space and city, country and global city, and then elicit that the elite space rely on information technology have the flow characteristics of independence, fragment, and never lost. The analysis also draws a conclusion that as soon as the elite space arose the social class differentiation, it force the dual city come into being.
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Walgrave, Stefaan, and Yves Dejaeghere. "Surviving Information Overload: How Elite Politicians Select Information." Governance 30, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gove.12209.

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Kochetkov, Alexander. "Formation of the Digital Elite As a New Stratum of the Global Information Society." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.17.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation of the digital elite, determines the legitimacy and regularity of its appearance as a new stratum of the global information society. The paper shows that the study of the process of formation of the digital elite, and the strengthening of its power components is relevant and at the same time complex, with no unambiguous judgments in modern political science. It requires increased attention of the Russian state to the problems of information security and the protection of information sovereignty. Methods and materials. When preparing the article, the author relied on the concept of the global information society, as well as a systematic analysis of the digital society and its strata as a single, complexly organized organism. The methods of comparative analysis, structural and institutional approach and scientific forecasting were used. Analysis. The author examines the general trends of the genesis of the global digital society, the current stage of human development, determines the essence and main features of the new emerging social stratum of this society – the transnational digital elite, its significance and influence on the development of world and Russian society. The article substantiates the thesis that through the digital management of society and the economy, transnational elites have the potential to establish global world governance in the long term. However, according to the author, such a prospect is not deterministic, but is only one of the options for the future development of mankind. The paper also reveals some features of the modern Russian digital transformation, examines the possibilities of the emergence of the Russian digital elite. Results. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the formation of the digital elite occurs as a result of the gradual transformation of the ruling national and transnational elites, their transition to digital management technologies.
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Ntienjom Mbohou, Léger Félix, and Sule Tomkinson. "Rethinking Elite Interviews Through Moments of Discomfort: The Role of Information and Power." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (January 2022): 160940692210953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221095312.

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Interviews with policy and political officials are central in social science research. While these actors are traditionally conceived as elites, holding similar or more power and information compared to the researcher, a growing body of research documents that elite constitutes a variable category. We argue that researchers can glimpse the dynamic nature of power and information elites hold in moments of discomfort that arise throughout interview research. These moments illustrate the shift that takes place when the expectations of the elites regarding the researcher’s perceived resources shape the conditions of the production of knowledge. We call for problematizing professional status as the main marker of elite category in fieldwork preparation and training, as labeling people on a single marker of identity shapes how researchers conceive and approach them. The article presents examples from three moments of discomfort by focusing on recruitment of and social interaction with officials working on diaspora policy in Cameroon.
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Santoro, Lauren Ratliff, Elias Assaf, Robert M. Bond, Skyler J. Cranmer, Eloise E. Kaizar, and David J. Sivakoff. "Exploring the direct and indirect effects of elite influence on public opinion." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): e0257335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257335.

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Political elites both respond to public opinion and influence it. Elite policy messages can shape individual policy attitudes, but the extent to which they do is difficult to measure in a dynamic information environment. Furthermore, policy messages are not absorbed in isolation, but spread through the social networks in which individuals are embedded, and their effects must be evaluated in light of how they spread across social environments. Using a sample of 358 participants across thirty student organizations at a large Midwestern research university, we experimentally investigate how real social groups consume and share elite information when evaluating a relatively unfamiliar policy area. We find a significant, direct effect of elite policy messages on individuals’ policy attitudes. However, we find no evidence that policy attitudes are impacted indirectly by elite messages filtered through individuals’ social networks. Results illustrate the power of elite influence over public opinion.
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Yang, Qiang, Yuanpeng Zhu, Xudong Gao, Dongdong Xu, and Zhenyu Lu. "Elite Directed Particle Swarm Optimization with Historical Information for High-Dimensional Problems." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091384.

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High-dimensional optimization problems are ubiquitous in every field nowadays, which seriously challenge the optimization ability of existing optimizers. To solve this kind of optimization problems effectively, this paper proposes an elite-directed particle swarm optimization (EDPSO) with historical information to explore and exploit the high-dimensional solution space efficiently. Specifically, in EDPSO, the swarm is first separated into two exclusive sets based on the Pareto principle (80-20 rule), namely the elite set containing the top best 20% of particles and the non-elite set consisting of the remaining 80% of particles. Then, the non-elite set is further separated into two layers with the same size from the best to the worst. As a result, the swarm is divided into three layers. Subsequently, particles in the third layer learn from those in the first two layers, while particles in the second layer learn from those in the first layer, on the condition that particles in the first layer remain unchanged. In this way, the learning effectiveness and the learning diversity of particles could be largely promoted. To further enhance the learning diversity of particles, we maintain an additional archive to store obsolete elites, and use the predominant elites in the archive along with particles in the first two layers to direct the update of particles in the third layer. With these two mechanisms, the proposed EDPSO is expected to compromise search intensification and diversification well at the swarm level and the particle level, to explore and exploit the solution space. Extensive experiments are conducted on the widely used CEC’2010 and CEC’2013 high-dimensional benchmark problem sets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed EDPSO. Compared with several state-of-the-art large-scale algorithms, EDPSO is demonstrated to achieve highly competitive or even much better performance in tackling high-dimensional problems.
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Nankervis, K., L. Dumbell, L. Herbert, J. Winfield, R. Guire, and E. Launder. "A comparison of the position of elite and non-elite riders during competitive show jumping." Comparative Exercise Physiology 11, no. 2 (April 2015): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep150004.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the jumping positions of elite riders (within the top 150 of the British Showjumping rankings) with non-elites (unranked). Video footage of 10 elite and 10 non-elite riders jumping a one stride double combination (a vertical followed by a square oxer) within a 1.20 m competition was analysed. Four angles were measured: the angle between the trunk and the vertical (TRUNKvert), the hip angle (HIP), the angle of the thigh to the horizontal (THIGHhoriz) and the angle of the lower leg to the horizontal (LOWER LEGhoriz). Differences in the angles at five points throughout the double combination and the changes in angles between points were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. The effect of fence (vertical versus oxer) within groups (elite and non-elite) was also compared. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. HIP angle was significantly smaller on approach to the vertical (P=0.019) and significantly greater when approaching the oxer (P=0.001) for elite riders compared to non-elites. During approach to the oxer compared to the vertical elites had a greater HIP angle (P=0.007), whereas non-elites had smaller HIP (P=0.005) and THIGHhoriz (P=0.005) angles. During suspension, non-elite riders had a greater HIP (P=0.01) over the vertical and smaller LOWER LEGhoriz angle over the oxer (P=0.028) than elite riders. There were significant differences in change in HIP, THIGHhoriz and LOWER LEGhoriz angles between elite and non-elite riders between approach to and suspension over the oxer (P=0.007). During suspension, only elite riders showed an effect of fence with a greater HIP angle (P=0.005) and smaller TRUNKvert angle (P=0.013) over the oxer. Key differences in angles and change in angles exist between elite and non-elite riders. This information is useful in characterising elite rider position and identifying areas of interest for future study.
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Barna, Tibor. "Elite Wrestlers Orientation to Tactical Information." International Journal of Wrestling Science 3, no. 1 (June 2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878966.

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Schijf, Huibert, Jaap Dronkers, and Jennifer van den Broeke-George. "Recruitment of members of Dutch noble and high-bourgeois families to elite positions in the 20th century." Social Science Information 43, no. 3 (September 2004): 435–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018404045492.

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This article offers a counter-example of the modernization theory by looking at the elite positions of the nobility in the Netherlands in the 20th century. We compare the elite positions of the parents and the children, and between noble families and high bourgeoisie families. The likelihood of achieving an elite position has not decreased for different generations of the nobility or in comparison with the high bourgeoisie. An important factor is their social and cultural capital as indicated by the noble titles of their mothers and parents-in-law. This suggests that the modernization theory may apply to the middle classes, but far less to the elites.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Information elite"

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Pike, Kimberli L. "Nutrition practices, beliefs, and information sources of elite ice hockey players." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191716.

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Professional ice hockey players from the International Hockey League (IHL) were asked to complete an 87 item nutrition survey. The survey reviewed sports supplement use, hydration, nutrition beliefs and practices, and asked from whom athletes obtain nutrition information. The survey was available in English and Russian.This study found the nutrition practices of ice hockey players to be similar to those reported of other team sports. The ice hockey players were likely to believe sports nutrition myths, especially those regarding the use of protein and amino acids. In addition, the subjects routinely experimented with sports supplements. The majority of subjects reported having tried new sports supplements at least once per season.Nutrition information sources were most frequently teammates, athletic trainers, and the media. Registered dietitians were not widely reported as a nutrition information resource as the majority of the athletes did not have access to a registered dietitian.Given the nutrition beliefs and practices of the athletes surveyed, it is clear the athletes would benefit from nutrition education specific to the sport of ice hockey. More research is needed to establish actual nutrient intake. Other studies focusing on nutrition knowledge of athletic trainers and other cited nutrition resources would also be beneficial.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Sherman, Tina Won. "Champions of the public or purveyors of elite perspectives? interest group activity in information and communications policy /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1723.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Staberg, Pontus, Emil Häglund, and Jakob Claesson. "Injury Prediction in Elite Ice Hockey using Machine Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235959.

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Sport clubs are always searching for innovative ways to improve performance and obtain a competitive edge. Sports analytics today is focused primarily on evaluating metrics thought to be directly tied to performance. Injuries indirectly decrease performance and cost substantially in terms of wasted salaries. Existing sports injury research mainly focuses on correlating one specific feature at a time to the risk of injury. This paper provides a multidimensional approach to non-contact injury prediction in Swedish professional ice hockey by applying machine learning on historical data. Several features are correlated simultaneously to injury probability. The project’s aim is to create an injury predicting algorithm which ranks the different features based on how they affect the risk of injury. The paper also discusses the business potential and strategy of a start-up aiming to provide a solution for predicting injury risk through statistical analysis.
Idrottsklubbar letar ständigt efter innovativa sätt att förbättra prestation och erhålla konkurrensfördelar. Idag fokuserar data- analys inom idrott främst på att utvärdera mätvärden som tros vara direkt korrelerade med prestation. Skador sänker indirekt prestationen och kostar markant i bortslösade spelarlöner. Tidigare studier på skador inom idrotten fokuserar huvudsakligen på att korrelera ett mätvärde till en skada i taget. Den här rapporten ger ett multidimensionellt angreppssätt till att förutse skador inom svensk elitishockey genom att applicera maskininlärning på historisk data. Flera attribut korreleras samtidigt för att få fram en skadesannolikhet. Målet med den här rapporten är att skapa en algoritm för att förutse skador och även ranka olika attribut baserat på hur de påverkar skaderisken. I rapporten diskuteras även affärsmöjligheterna för en sådan lösning och hur en potentiell start-up ska positionera sig på marknaden.
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Brenton, John. "Individual differences in the use of visual-perception information to guide weight transfer and bat movements in elite cricket batting." Thesis, Brenton, John (2014) Individual differences in the use of visual-perception information to guide weight transfer and bat movements in elite cricket batting. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25736/.

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Early pick-up of visual information is vital for success in high-speed striking sports such as cricket batting. Expert performers are more adept at utilising visual information to anticipate and guide motor skill action than lesser-skilled performers. Research in sport expertise has compared the capability to use visual information to guide motor skill action between groups of experts and groups of less skilled performers, whilst sport biomechanics has focused on motor skill execution. Little is known about individual differences within experts groups and the capability to use visual information to guide biomechanical action variables in striking skills. The purpose of this master’s thesis was (a) to provide a critical review of literature in a position statement that would assist the implementation of perception-action coupled representative task experiments, and (b) advance existing sports science literature by combining sport expertise and sport biomechanics methodologies in an attempt to identify individual differences within an expert group of cricket batsmen. Eight expert cricket batsmen from the Western Australian Cricket Association High Performance Squad were tested on their capability to utilise early visual information to guide the timing of weight transfer (kinetics) and bat movement (kinematics) in an in-situ temporal occlusion batting task. Comparisons revealed there were some significant differences between batsmen for measures of initiation of weight transfer, initiation of bat downswing and duration of bat downswing. There was, however, no significant difference between batsmen in the completion of weight transfer measure. After comparing quality of interception, no significant difference was found between batsmen, indicating different movement patterns may be used to achieve the same outcome, a concept known as motor equivalence. These findings have extended both theoretical and applied knowledge of understanding expertise in striking sports, which may be useful for other sports.
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Nilsson, Anna, and Åsa Elfström. "If You Want to Catch with the Train, You'll Have to Pay : A study of Swedish elite hockey organizations that are facing commercialization." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-453.

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Research Questions: Following questions will be looked at from a management perspective in the researched elite hockey clubs: (1) How has the commercialization affected the areas of responsibility? In regards to areas of responsibility: (a) How has the commercialization affected the decision making? (b) How has the commercialization affected the information and communication? (c) How has the commercialization affected the motivation? In addition, we need to find out the overall structure of the clubs and the managers’ view on commercialization in non-profit organizations. Therefore we need to add two more research questions: (2) In what respect is the organizational structure experienced in a different way today? and (3) How has the commercialization changed Swedish hockey clubs?

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to create an understanding about how managers in Swedish elite hockey clubs experience the assumed adjustments in organizational structure and areas of responsibility when turning into more commercial organizations.

Method: With an interpretive hermeneutic approach used in the sense of a qualitative study, we explain how the managers of five hockey clubs within Elitserien experience the adjustments when turning into more commercial organizations. The qualitative study consisted of a number of personal and phone interviews in order to collect the empirical data.

Results: The main implication of the commercialization of Swedish hockey is that it has created conflicts in the daily operations, caused by the contradictions between commercial and non-profit activities. In addition, the organizational structure has in general become more professional with an increasing amount of distinct areas of responsibility.

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Valdini, Melody Ellis. "Electoral institutions and information shortcuts the effect of decisive intraparty competition on the behavior of voters and party elites /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3310008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 19 , 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Boufoy-Bastick, Zacharyas Amaury. "Internet democracy : the political science and computer science of direct democracy at the large scale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040182.

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La démocratie représentative souffre de nombreuses lacunes qui remettent en question la légitimité même des gouvernements démocratiques modernes. Tandis que la représentation directe pourrait théoriquement éliminer ces incongruités, elle a jusqu'à présent été considérée comme irréalisable en raison de limitations spatio-temporelles. Cette thèse adresse ces problèmes en introduisant le concept de Démocratie Internet - distinct de l’e-démocratie et de l’e-gouvernement existant. La Démocratie Internet consiste à cerner la représentation démocratique de telle manière qu’elle puisse être opérationnalisée par le biais de l’informatique. Pour ce faire, cette thèse remonte d'abord aux problèmes de la démocratie et de la représentation indirecte dans ses principes premiers, et propose une nouvelle approche (structurelle symbiotique) à l'application de l'Internet pour la démocratie. Ensuite, elle montre que la Démocratie Internet peut fonctionner grâce à l'analyse des données collectées passivement sur l'accès et la production de l’information. Enfin, elle offre de nombreuses contributions à l’informatique, qui jusqu’alors était limitée dans la précision de l'analyse des sentiments. La thèse développe une Proposition d’Opinion Asymétrique (AOP) et l’applique à un nouveau concept de ‘Espace des Sentiments’; elle développe également la première base de données assez nuancée pour l'analyse des sentiments; et elle utilise l'Espace de Sentiment afin de développer la méthode de calcul originale «Split-Fit » qui accroît la précision de l’apprentissage automatique
Representative democracy suffers from numerous shortcomings that are so significant they bring into question the very legitimacy of modern democratic governments. While direct representation might theoretically eliminate these multiple defects, it has until now been considered unworkable due to limitations of space and of time. This thesis addresses these deficiencies by introducing Internet Democracy, which is distinct from existing e-democracy and e-government. Internet Democracy is an operational, computational formulation of democratic representation. To support this contribution, this thesis first derives the problems of democracy and indirect representation from first principles. It then proposes a new approach (the symbiotic structural approach) which applies the Internet to democracy. It then supports the proposition that Internet Democracy can operate through the analysis of passively collected data on information access and on information production (for instance, using sentiment analysis). Finally, it makes numerous topical contributions to computer science based on the observation that sentiment analysis hits a ceiling of accuracy which cannot currently be transcended. These contributions range from suggesting an Asymmetric Opinion Proposition (AOP) and applying this to a Sentiment Space describing the computational structure of sentiment; developing the first extremely fine-grained dataset for sentiment analysis; and applying Sentiment Space to develop the original ‘Split-Fit’ computing method which increases the accuracy of machine learning based Sentiment Analysis
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Roberts, Anthea Elizabeth. "Is International Law International?" Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/124611.

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International lawyers are familiar with the question: “Is international law law?” But this thesis instead asks the question: “Is international law international?” Using a variety of methods, this work sheds light on some of the ways in which international law as a transnational legal field is constructed by international law academics, and is conceptualized in international law textbooks, in the five permanent members of the Security Council: the People’s Republic of China, the French Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. It explores how different national communities of international lawyers construct and pass on their understandings of “international law” in ways that belie the field’s claim to universality, perpetuating certain forms of difference and dominance. By adopting a comparative approach, it aims to make international lawyers more aware of the frames that shape their own understandings of and approaches to the field, as well as how these might be similar to or different from the frames adopted by those coming from other states, regions or geopolitical groupings. It also examines how some of these patterns might be disrupted as a result of shifts in geopolitical power, such as the movement from unipolar power toward greater multipolarity and the growing confrontations between Western liberal democratic states (like the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) and non-Western authoritarian states (like China and Russia).
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CHIANG, CHING-HSIU, and 江慶修. "Compariosn of Visual Information Processing in Elite Baseball and Softball Players and Non-athletes." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14733606304485318796.

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碩士
國立臺灣體育運動大學
競技運動學系碩士班
104
Purpose: Information processing ability in athletes has a great influence on their performance. The game season of baseball is longer than most of sports, and how to maintain the performance in a high level is crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare information processing ability between different training periods in baseball and softball players. Method: 50 males and 17 female participants were recruited from NTUPES baseball team and softball team. 33 participants (15males and 18 females) without any sports background were recruited from three different universities. All participants received the test of Go/No-go task and COVAT. Results: The result showed that the participants have a better performance on COVAT test during competition periods except inhibitory reaction time of non-dominant hand. Furthermore, the performance among different playing positions was not significant. Conclusion: Elite baseball and softball players have a better performance in information processing during competition period, but no significant difference among different playing positions. The further study can be conducted to examine different sports.
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(13299437), Glenda Slingsby. "Women using the internet: Opportunities, barriers and strategies to enhance participation." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Women_using_the_internet_Opportunities_barriers_and_strategies_to_enhance_participation/20569752.

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Internet use is a necessity for many people, however more than half the world's population has never made a telephone call. The Internet is one of the most significant phenomena in the history of humankind, influencing the future of communication, employment, entertainment and information. Emerging business opportunities and industries will be created while others will change immensely or even cease to exist.

Current debate surrounding Internet use relates to divisions between the information rich and information poor. Many women have not yet ventured on to the Internet for a wide range of reasons and it is these barriers that are the focus of this research. The present research explores the responses, experiences and opinions of 100 women from around the world in relation to perceived barriers to women's Internet use and strategies for increasing women's Internet use. All women volunteered to complete a questionnaire which was posted on two women -only electronic discussion groups on the Internet.

The findings from the data were analysed in relation to a number of areas influencing women's Internet use including the perceived importance of their use, common barriers to their use, social implications for women's Internet use, and strategies for increasing Internet use by women. The main Internet uses identified were for work, information sourcing, communicating with others and networking. The main barriers identified were time, cost and difficulty in understanding the language associated with the medium.

The social implications for women's use and lack of use of the Internet is an extremely important element of this study. It is imperative that the Internet does not serve to promote and compound patriarchal practices and cultures. It is also important that the Internet not serve as a medium to suppress access to information to various socio-cultural groups through enabling greater unequitable access to information by the privileged and 'information elite'.

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Books on the topic "Information elite"

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Black, Dominique S. The information elite: The future of the independent information technology consultant. [United States]: IT Insights, 1997.

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Digerati: Encounters with the cyber elite. London, UK: Orion Business Books, 1997.

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Digerati: Encounters with the cyber elite. London: Orion Business Books, 1996.

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Digerati: Encounters with the cyber elite. San Francisco: HardWired, 1996.

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Winners and losers of the information revolution: Psychosocial change and its discontents. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1998.

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Barber, John T. The black digital elite: African American leaders of the information revolution. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007.

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On foreign assignment: The inside story of journalism's elite corps. Calgary, Alta: Detselig Enterprises, 1993.

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Jan, Soderqvist, ed. Netocracy: The new power elite and life after capitalism. London: Pearson Education, 2002.

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Krohne, Walter. Las dos caras de la libertad de expresión en Chile. Providencia, Santiago, Chile: Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, 2005.

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Informat͡s︡ii͡a︡, intelekt, nat͡s︡ii͡a︡. Lʹviv: I͡e︡vrosvit, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Information elite"

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Wang, Jing. "Firefly Algorithm with Elite Attraction." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 185–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1648-7_16.

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Jiang, Shengqi, Yongquan Zhou, Dengyun Wang, and Sen Zhang. "Elite Opposition-Based Selfish Herd Optimizer." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 89–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00828-4_10.

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Lee, SeungGwan. "Multiagent Elite Search Strategy for Combinatorial Optimization Problems." In Computer and Information Sciences - ISCIS 2005, 432–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11569596_46.

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Wang, Jiayuan, Li Lv, Zhifeng Xie, Xi Zhang, Hui Wang, and Jia Zhao. "Multi-objective Firefly Algorithm Guided by Elite Particle." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 159–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1648-7_14.

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Sevelsted, Anders. "Moral Elites in the Danish Temperance Movement (1910–1919): Elite Struggles over Disease and Values." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 211–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_10.

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AbstractThe chapter maps out the elite of the early Danish temperance movement and shows how distinct moral elites within the movement interpreted the cause according to their respective value frames while integrating the emerging disease frame of alcoholism. Theoretically, it argues for introducing the thus far estranged perspectives of elite studies and framing approaches to each other. The concept of moral elite is consequently introduced and defined as an elite that is rich in the resources on which moral authority is built, here limited to educational resources, organizational resources, and publications. The chapter applies a mixed methods design. First, social network analysis (SNA) is applied to a unique dataset comprising biographical information on 28 temperance leaders found in the Danish Who’s Who. The analysis reveals three distinct clusters within the temperance elite. Analyzing texts by the most prolific authors shows that each of the three clusters has a distinct profile: an elite dominated by medical doctors and theologians who articulate a traditional value frame according to which medical doctors and pastors carry a responsibility for the community – a responsibility that is expanded through philanthropy and specialized institutions; a revivalist elite of theologians and laymen who pursue a revivalist Holiness and civil society frame emphasizing faith’s healing abilities and the importance of organizing beyond the national church; and an organic elite that represented small farmers and workers and pushed an Enlightenment frame of direct democracy, rule of law, and education. The second part of the analysis shows how each elite cluster integrated the “alcoholism as a disease” belief frame in their value frames: traditional elites as a cause for institutionalization, revivalist elites as a reason to bolster the resilience in the population through faith, and the organic elite as a reason to promote self-care and education. In the final sections of the chapter, I tease out how the moral elite perspective may have implications for social movement research, especially in terms of holding movement elites accountable.
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Geng, Shaojin, Di Wu, Penghong Wang, and Xingjuan Cai. "A Many-Objective Algorithm with Threshold Elite Selection Strategy." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 167–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5577-0_13.

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Onuch, Olga. "The Activist and Elite Interaction and Information Exchange Game." In Mapping Mass Mobilization, 157–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137409775_7.

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de Cruz, Nicholas, and Nathanael Ong. "The Quantification of Qualitative Information: Methodology and Mixed-Methods Part II." In Cultural Sport Psychology and Elite Sport in Singapore, 93–122. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003277637-7.

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Cogburn, Derrick L. "Elite Decision-Making and Epistemic Communities: Implications for Global Information Policy." In The Emergent Global Information Policy Regime, 154–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377684_8.

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Le Sage, Tanya, Axel Bindel, Paul Conway, Laura Justham, Sian Slawson, James Webster, and Andrew West. "A Multi-sensor System for Monitoring the Performance of Elite Swimmers." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 350–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25206-8_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Information elite"

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Li, Simin, and Jinhai Sun. "Design of Elite Sports Team Management Information System." In 2009 International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwisa.2009.5072817.

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Zhang, Yuxin, and Xiaosi Li. "A Novel Elite Information Interaction Based Differential Evolution." In 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Automation and Systems (ICICAS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicas53977.2021.00052.

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Ujakpa, Martin Mabeifam, Mutalya N. Mutalya, Jude Osakwe, Gloria Iyawa, and Emilia N. Shililifa. "School Management Information System (SMIS) for the Elite College." In 2022 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ist-africa56635.2022.9845593.

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Nosova, M. S., and E. A. Matveeva. "ELECTRONIC OR PAPER, ELITE OR FOR EVERYONE?" In Dynamics of library and information support for education, science and culture. Omsk State Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/978-5-8149-3568-7-2022-120-128.

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The dynamics of the development of the corporate multi-circulation edition of the Omsk State Technical University library is considered. The features of the newspaper's change in the era of digital transformation are noted, the prospects for development are outlined.
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Shi, Juan. "The development and training of elite student cadres." In International conference on Management Innovation and Information Technology. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/miit131972.

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Ali, Noori, and Payjor Abdullah. "ime Overrun in Construction Projects of Sulaimani City." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.260.

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Several constructional projects in Sulaimani face to the delay, during the stages of designing and implementation. The delay refers to various causes. There are several key persons) resources) (templates) (clients) (factors) (characteristics) (parameters) that have direct effects on delay of the projects. The study was conducted and depended on two different methods practical and theoretical parts, for performing practical part two specific elites were chose, the first elite was the expert engineers that had actual practical involvement in construction projects and the second elite was the contractors that had a real suffering from delays of their projects. While the theoretical part was depended on reviews for the existing studies to collect information. The practical result showed that the five most effective key persons were the (1-Laws and Regulations, 2-Contractor, 3-Designer, 4-Resident Engineer, 5-Site Location) seriously. While the reviewed results for the existing studies showed (1-Designer, 2-Finance/payment, 3-Weather, 4-Unforseen circumstances, 5-Lack of Site management by Contractor). Keywords: Constructional projects delay, Time extension, Mistakes of design, Plan and scheduling, Variation order.
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Salova, Tamara. "On The Relationship Between Intellectual And Elite Cultures Of Information Civilization." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «MAN. SOCIETY. COMMUNICATION». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.02.99.

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Herdal, Thor, Jeppe Gerner Pedersen, and Søren Knudsen. "Designing Information Visualizations for Elite Soccer Children's Different Levels of Comprehension." In NordiCHI '16: 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2971485.2971546.

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Wang, Yongkang, Yuanqing Xia, and Yufeng Zhan. "ELITE: Defending Federated Learning against Byzantine Attacks based on Information Entropy." In 2021 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac53003.2021.9727486.

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Sun, Yuyang, and Qingzhong Li. "THE DESIGN AND DISCUSSION OF ELITE EDUCATION IN COLLEGE MATHEMATICS." In 2nd International Conference on Information, Communication and Engineering. International Institute of Knowledge Innovation and Invention, Private; Limited (IIKII PTE LTD), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35745/icice2018v2.045.

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Reports on the topic "Information elite"

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Ferraz, António, Pedro Duarte-Mendes, Hugo Sarmento, João Valente-dos-Santos, and Bruno Travassos. A Review of the use of the Electronic Tracking Systems on the Performance of Elite Athletes in Team Sports – Trends and Future Directions. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0080.

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Review question / Objective: To understand the applicability of tracking systems in team sports on the last decade by emerging an understanding of how the use of different variables and research goals may be profitable to develop a comprehensive framework that might help to shed a light into team sports performance and athlete´s well-being. Rationale: To implement a training monitoring system, there is a need to understand how the different metrics available in training and competition may be manipulated to enhance the understanding of the context of performance in team sports. Additionally, how the information from tracking technology devices have been applied and what are the main issues that have being studied, in order to improve further research and practice.
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Tanksley, Steven D., and Dani Zamir. Development and Testing of a Method for the Systematic Discovery and Utilization of Novel QTLs in the Production of Improved Crop Varieties: Tomato as a Model System. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570570.bard.

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Modern cultivated varieties carry only a small fraction of the variation present in the gene pool. The narrow genetic basis of modern crop plants is a result of genetic bottlenecks imposed during early domestication and modern plant breeding. The wild ancestors of most crop plants can still be found in their natural habitats and Germplasm Centers have been established to collect and maintain this material. These wild and unadapted resources can potentially fuel crop plant improvement efforts for many years into the future (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Unfortunately, scientists have been unable to exploit the majority of the genetic potential warehoused in germplasm repositories. This is especially true as regards to the improvement of quantitative traits like yield and quality. One of the major problems is that much of the wild germplasm is inferior to modern cultivars for many of the quantitative traits that breeders would like to improve. Our research, focusing on the tomato as a model system, has shown that despite their inferior phenotypes, wild species are likely to contain QTLs that can substantially increase the yield and quality of elite cultivars (de Vicente and Tanksley 1992, Eshed and Zamir 1994, Eshed et al. 1996). Using novel population structures of introgression lines (ILs; Eshed and Zamir 1995) and advanced backcross lines (AB; Tanksley et al. 1996) we identified and introduced valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite processing tomato varieties. Populations involving crosses with five Lycopersicon species (L. pennellii (Eshed and Zamir 1994; Eshed et al. 1996; Eshed and Zamir 1996), L. hirsutum (Bernacchi et al. 1998), L. pimpinellifolium (Tanksley et al. 1996), L. parviflorum (unpub.), L. peruvianum (Fulton et al. 1997) have been field and laboratory tested in a number of locations around the world. QTLs from the wild parent were identified that improve one or more of the key quantitative traits for processing tomatoes (yield, brix, sugar and acid composition and earliness) by as much as 10-30%. Nearly isogenic lines (QTL-NILs) have been generated for a subset of these QTLs. Each QTL-NIL contains the entire genome of the elite cultivated parent except for a segment (5-40 cM) of the wild species genome corresponding to a specific QTL. The genetic material and information that was developed in this program is presently used by American and Israeli seed companies for the breeding of superior varieties. We expect that in the next few years these varieties will make a difference in the marketplace.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Breiman, Adina, Jan Dvorak, Abraham Korol, and Eduard Akhunov. Population Genomics and Association Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes in Israeli Populations of Wild Relatives of Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops speltoides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697121.bard.

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Wheat is the most widely grown crop on earth, together with rice it is second to maize in total global tonnage. One of the emerging threats to wheat is stripe (yellow) rust, especially in North Africa, West and Central Asia and North America. The most efficient way to control plant diseases is to introduce disease resistant genes. However, the pathogens can overcome rapidly the effectiveness of these genes when they are wildly used. Therefore, there is a constant need to find new resistance genes to replace the non-effective genes. The resistance gene pool in the cultivated wheat is depleted and there is a need to find new genes in the wild relative of wheat. Wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) the progenitor of the cultivated wheat can serve as valuable gene pool for breeding for disease resistance. Transferring of novel genes into elite cultivars is highly facilitated by the availability of information of their chromosomal location. Therefore, our goals in this study was to find stripe rust resistant and susceptible genotypes in Israeli T. dicoccoides population, genotype them using state of the art genotyping methods and to find association between genetic markers and stripe rust resistance. We have screened 129 accessions from our collection of wild emmer wheat for resistance to three isolates of stripe rust. About 30% of the accessions were resistant to one or more isolates, 50% susceptible, and the rest displayed intermediate response. The accessions were genotyped with Illumina'sInfinium assay which consists of 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. About 13% (1179) of the SNPs were polymorphic in the wild emmer population. Cluster analysis based on SNP diversity has shown that there are two main groups in the wild population. A big cluster probably belongs to the Horanum ssp. and a small cluster of the Judaicum ssp. In order to avoid population structure bias, the Judaicum spp. was removed from the association analysis. In the remaining group of genotypes, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured along the chromosomes decayed rapidly within one centimorgan. This is the first time when such analysis is conducted on a genome wide level in wild emmer. Such a rapid decay in LD level, quite unexpected for a selfer, was not observed in cultivated wheat collection. It indicates that wild emmer populations are highly suitable for association studies yielding a better resolution than association studies in cultivated wheat or genetic mapping in bi-parental populations. Significant association was found between an SNP marker located in the distal region of chromosome arm 1BL and resistance to one of the isolates. This region is not known in the literature to bear a stripe rust resistance gene. Therefore, there may be a new stripe rust resistance gene in this locus. With the current fast increase of wheat genome sequence data, genome wide association analysis becomes a feasible task and efficient strategy for searching novel genes in wild emmer wheat. In this study, we have shown that the wild emmer gene pool is a valuable source for new stripe rust resistance genes that can protect the cultivated wheat.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad, and Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.

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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Sela, Hanan, Eduard Akhunov, and Brian J. Steffenson. Population genomics, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598170.bard.

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The primary goals of this project were: (1) development of a genetically characterized association panel of wild emmer for high resolution analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits; (2) characterization and mapping of genes and QTL for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wild emmer populations; (3) characterization of LD patterns along wild emmer chromosomes; (4) elucidation of the multi-locus genetic structure of wild emmer populations and its correlation with geo-climatic variables at the collection sites. Introduction In recent years, Stripe (yellow) rust (Yr) caused by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici(PST) has become a major threat to wheat crops in many parts of the world. New races have overcome most of the known resistances. It is essential, therefore, that the search for new genes will continue, followed by their mapping by molecular markers and introgression into the elite varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS). The reservoir of genes for disease and pest resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccoides) is an important resource that must be made available to wheat breeders. The majority of resistance genes that were introgressed so far in cultivated wheat are resistance (R) genes. These genes, though confering near-immunity from the seedling stage, are often overcome by the pathogen in a short period after being deployed over vast production areas. On the other hand, adult-plant resistance (APR) is usually more durable since it is, in many cases, polygenic and confers partial resistance that may put less selective pressure on the pathogen. In this project, we have screened a collection of 480 wild emmer accessions originating from Israel for APR and seedling resistance to PST. Seedling resistance was tested against one Israeli and 3 North American PST isolates. APR was tested on accessions that did not have seedling resistance. The APR screen was conducted in two fields in Israel and in one field in the USA over 3 years for a total of 11 replicates. We have found about 20 accessions that have moderate stripe rust APR with infection type (IT<5), and about 20 additional accessions that have novel seedling resistance (IT<3). We have genotyped the collection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and the 90K SNP chip array. GBS yielded a total 341K SNP that were filtered to 150K informative SNP. The 90K assay resulted in 11K informative SNP. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and found one significant locus on 6BL ( -log p >5). Two novel loci were found for seedling resistance. Further investigation of the 6BL locus and the effect of Yr36 showed that the 6BL locus and the Yr36 have additive effect and that the presence of favorable alleles of both loci results in reduction of 2 grades in the IT score. To identify alleles conferring adaption to extreme climatic conditions, we have associated the patterns of genomic variation in wild emmer with historic climate data from the accessions’ collection sites. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions coinciding with their geographic distribution. Partitioning of genomic variance showed that geographic location and climate together explain 43% of SNPs among emmer accessions with 19% of SNPs affected by climatic factors. The top three bioclimatic factors driving SNP distribution were temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and isothermality. Association mapping approaches revealed 57 SNPs associated with these bio-climatic variables. Out of 21 unique genomic regions controlling heading date variation, 10 (~50%) overlapped with SNPs showing significant association with at least one of the three bioclimatic variables. This result suggests that a substantial part of the genomic variation associated with local adaptation in wild emmer is driven by selection acting on loci regulating flowering. Conclusions: Wild emmer can serve as a good source for novel APR and seedling R genes for stripe rust resistance. APR for stripe rust is a complex trait conferred by several loci that may have an additive effect. GWAS is feasible in the wild emmer population, however, its detection power is limited. A panel of wild emmer tagged with more than 150K SNP is available for further GWAS of important traits. The insights gained by the bioclimatic-gentic associations should be taken into consideration when planning conservation strategies.
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