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Journal articles on the topic 'Information coding mathematics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Chua, Boon Liang. "Harry Potter and the Coding of Secrets." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 14, no. 2 (September 2008): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.14.2.0114.

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When students learn mathematics, they tend to understand and remember the mathematical processes that they find practical and relevant. It is not surprising then that Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 2000) encourages teachers to help students discover the relevance of mathematics in their daily lives. To help young people realize that mathematics is alive and constantly evolving, it is important for teachers to share information with students about new developments in mathematics. However, it is often difficult to find source material that illustrates appropriate applications of mathematical concepts. In addition, finding items that are interesting and comprehensible to students is even harder. The topic of functions is a case in point. Therefore, this article describes some teaching ideas based on cryptography, a practical application of functions and their inverses that students should be able to comprehend.

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Radavičius, Marijus, Tomas Rekašius, and Jurgita Židanavičiūtė. "Local Symmetry of Non-Coding Genetic Sequences." Informatica 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2019.218.

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Chang, Chin‐Chen, and Hsien‐Wen Tseng. "VQ‐Based Image Watermarking Using Anti‐Gray Coding." Informatica 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2004.051.

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4

Savić, Milan S., Zoran H. Perić, and Milan R. Dinčić. "Coding Algorithm for Grayscale Images Based on Piecewise Uniform Quantizers." Informatica 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2012.352.

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Dinčić, Milan R., Zoran H. Perić, and Aleksandra Ž. Jovanović. "New Coding Algorithm Based on Variable-Length Codewords for Piecewise Uniform Quantizers." Informatica 27, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2016.98.

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6

Tomić, Stefan S., Zoran H. Perić, and Jelena R. Nikolić. "An Algorithm for Simple Differential Speech Coding Based on Backward Adaptation Technique." Informatica 29, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2018.180.

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Nikolic, Jelena, and Zoran Peric. "Lloyd–Max's Algorithm Implementation in Speech Coding Algorithm Based on Forward Adaptive Technique." Informatica 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2008.212.

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8

Gorlov, V. N., A. A. Malafeeva, and S. I. Malafeev. "Coding and restoration of information by using dynamical systems." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 158, no. 2 (March 14, 2009): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-009-9383-5.

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9

Nosovskiy, Gleb. "Geometrical coding of color images." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 103, no. 117 (2018): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1817159n.

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Formal analysis and computer recognition of 2D color images is important branch of modern computer geometry. However, existing algorithms, although they are highly developed, are not quite satisfactory and seem to be much worse than (unknown) algorithms, which our brain uses to analyze eye information. Almost all existing algorithms omit colors and deal with grayscale transformations only. But in many cases color information is important. In this paper fundamentally new method of coding and analyzing color digital images is suggested. The main point of this method is that a full-color digital image is represented, without dropping colors, by special 2D surface in 3D space, after which it is analyzed by methods of differential geometry, rather than traditional gradient-based or Hessian-based methods (like in SIFT, GLOH, SURF, Canny operator, and many other algorithms).

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Frank, Ove, and Per Weidenman. "Controlling individual information in statistics by coding." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 17 (January 1987): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(87)90123-6.

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Keshet, Guy, Yossef Steinberg, and Neri Merhav. "Channel Coding in the Presence of Side Information." Foundations and Trends® in Communications and Information Theory 4, no. 6 (2008): 445–586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0100000025.

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Cartwright, Julyan H. E., Simone Giannerini, and Diego L. González. "DNA as information: at the crossroads between biology, mathematics, physics and chemistry." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2063 (March 13, 2016): 20150071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0071.

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On the one hand, biology, chemistry and also physics tell us how the process of translating the genetic information into life could possibly work, but we are still very far from a complete understanding of this process. On the other hand, mathematics and statistics give us methods to describe such natural systems—or parts of them—within a theoretical framework. Also, they provide us with hints and predictions that can be tested at the experimental level. Furthermore, there are peculiar aspects of the management of genetic information that are intimately related to information theory and communication theory. This theme issue is aimed at fostering the discussion on the problem of genetic coding and information through the presentation of different innovative points of view. The aim of the editors is to stimulate discussions and scientific exchange that will lead to new research on why and how life can exist from the point of view of the coding and decoding of genetic information. The present introduction represents the point of view of the editors on the main aspects that could be the subject of future scientific debate.

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13

Reagan, James. "Get the Message? Cryptographs, Mathematics, and Computers." Mathematics Teacher 79, no. 7 (October 1986): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.79.7.0547.

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Most students realize that functions can be constructed to describe various physical phenomena, but it is not clear when inverses of functions are needed. One appropriate application of functions and their inverses is the coding and decoding of messages and information exchanged among people. Computers can be especially helpful in this process.

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Jost, Jürgen. "Biological information." Theory in Biosciences 139, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12064-020-00327-1.

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AbstractIn computer science, we can theoretically neatly separate transmission and processing of information, hardware and software, and programs and their inputs. This is much more intricate in biology. Nevertheless, I argue that Shannon’s concept of information is useful in biology, although its application is not as straightforward as many people think. In fact, the recently developed theory of information decomposition can shed much light on the complementarity between coding and regulatory, or internal and environmental information. The key challenge that we formulate in this contribution is to understand how genetic information and external factors combine to create an organism, and conversely how the genome has learned in the course of evolution how to harness the environment, and analogously how coding, regulation and spatial organization interact in cellular processes.

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Cai, Ning, and Zhaozhi Zhang. "On variable length coding with side information for discrete memoryless sources." Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 3, no. 4 (October 1987): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02008366.

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Benoit, Landry, Étienne Belin, David Rousseau, and François Chapeau-Blondeau. "Information-Theoretic Modeling of Trichromacy Coding of Light Spectrum." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 13, no. 04 (October 20, 2014): 1450025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477514500254.

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Trichromacy is the representation of a light spectrum by three scalar coordinates. Such representation is universally implemented by the human visual system and by RGB (Red Green Blue) cameras. We propose here an informational model for trichromacy. Based on a statistical analysis of the dynamics of individual photons, the model demonstrates a possibility for describing trichromacy as an information channel, for which the input–output mutual information can be computed to serve as a measure of performance. The capabilities and significance of the informational model are illustrated and motivated in various situations. The model especially enables an assessment of the influence of the spectral sensitivities of the three types of photodetectors realizing the trichromatic representation. It provides a criterion to optimize possibly adjustable parameters of the spectral sensitivities such as their center wavelength, spectral width or magnitude. The model shows, for instance, the usefulness of some overlap with smooth graded spectral sensitivities, as observed for instance in the human retina. The approach also, starting from hyperspectral images with high spectral resolution measured in the laboratory, can be used to devise low-cost trichromatic imaging systems optimized for observation of specific spectral signatures. This is illustrated with an example from plant science, and demonstrates a potential of application especially to life sciences. The approach particularizes connections between physics, biophysics and information theory.

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Wills, Peter R. "DNA as information." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2063 (March 13, 2016): 20150417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0417.

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This article reviews contributions to this theme issue covering the topic ‘DNA as information’ in relation to the structure of DNA, the measure of its information content, the role and meaning of information in biology and the origin of genetic coding as a transition from uninformed to meaningful computational processes in physical systems.

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18

Sasaki, M. "Toward implementation of coding for quantum sources and channels." Quantum Information and Computation 4, no. 6&7 (December 2004): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic4.6-7-11.

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We review our experiment on quantum source and channel codings, the most fundamental operations in quantum info-communications. For both codings, entangling letter states is essential. Our model is based on the polarization-location coding, and a quasi-single photon linear optics implementation to entangle the polarization and location degrees of freedom. Using single-photon events in a subset of possible cases, we simulate quantum coding-decoding operations for nonorthogonal states under the quasi-pure state condition. In the quantum channel coding, we double the spatial bandwidth (number of optical paths), and demonstrate the information more than double can be transmitted. In the quantum source coding, we halve the spatial bandwidth to compress the data and decompress the original data with the high fidelity approaching the theoretical limit.

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Glukhova, Natalya V., and Elina E. Safina. "METHODOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES OF INCLUDING TOPIC «ERROR CORRECTING CODES OF REEDSOLOMON» IN TEACHER TRAINING HIGHER EDUCATION." Volga Region Pedagogical Search 34, no. 4 (2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/2307-1052-2020-4-34-116-124.

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In this article we are going to demonstrate how the topic “error correcting codes” can be used in training teachers of mathematics and IT. This topic is useful as teachers will know more about actual problems of information protection. The attempt to improve some shortcomings in scientific literature on Reed-Solomon codes (concerning students’ difficulties in understanding this topic) is presented here. The article describes the example of mathematical method of solving the problem of Reed-Solomon coding and decoding with error correction. Systematic coding is based on code seed, decoding is based on check matrix: this approach helps to avoid some difficulties in calculations.

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20

Bogdanov, Stepan A., and Leonid L. Frumin. "Soliton orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with phase–frequency coding on the base of inverse scattering transform." Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems 29, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jiip-2020-0128.

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Abstract We propose a method for increasing the speed and spectral efficiency of information transmission over soliton communication lines, based on algorithms for solving inverse and direct scattering problems, in the frame of a modern soliton orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SOFDM) approach. The proposed method uses a simultaneous phase and frequency coding. This phase–frequency coding method retains all the technological advantages of the SOFDM method, and due to the additional frequency coding, a noticeable increase in the information transfer rate over the soliton optical lines is expected. Numerical modeling confirmed the proposed method for telecommunication applications’ prospects.

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21

Tyrygin, I. Ya. "Estimates of amount of information in the probability model of image coding." Ukrainian Mathematical Journal 47, no. 4 (April 1995): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01056057.

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22

Masuda, Naoki, and Kazuyuki Aihara. "Dual coding hypotheses for neural information representation." Mathematical Biosciences 207, no. 2 (June 2007): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2006.09.009.

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23

Tamir, Boaz, and Avner Priel. "Reversibility and efficiency in coding protein information." Journal of Theoretical Biology 267, no. 4 (December 2010): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.09.025.

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24

Hu, Jie, Mengyuan Li, Kun Yang, Soon Xin Ng, and Kai-Kit Wong. "Unary Coding Controlled Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 1 (January 2020): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2947491.

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25

Raginsky, Maxim. "Concentration of Measure Inequalities in Information Theory, Communications, and Coding." Foundations and Trends® in Communications and Information Theory 10, no. 1-2 (2013): 1–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0100000064.

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26

WANG, NING, and LIZHONG PENG. "BALANCED MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION SUBBAND CODING." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 09, no. 04 (July 2011): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691311004225.

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Multiple description coding is one of the source coding techniques used to alleviate the problems of packet loss in network. The objective is to encode a source into two (or more) bitstreams supporting two quality levels of decoding: A high-quality reconstruction decoded from the two bitstreams together, and two lower ones, but still acceptable, decoded from either of the two bitstreams individually. Most of the earlier works concentrated on the trade-off between redundancy and average side distortion, which is insufficient to evaluate the system performance. In this paper, we discuss the difference in quality between the two side reconstructions, which is defined as the balance eccentric modulus of the coding system. A scenario to design balanced multiple description coding system is presented. Application to the popular first-order autoregressive model yields encouraging results.

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27

Arora, H. D., and Anjali Dhiman. "Comparative Study of Generalized Quantitative-Qualitative Inaccuracy Fuzzy Measures for Noiseless Coding Theorem and 1:1 Codes." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/258675.

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In coding theory, we study various properties of codes for application in data compression, cryptography, error correction, and network coding. The study of codes is introduced in Information Theory, electrical engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences for the transmission of data through reliable and efficient methods. We have to consider how coding of messages can be done efficiently so that the maximum number of messages can be sent over a noiseless channel in a given time. Thus, the minimum value of mean codeword length subject to a given constraint on codeword lengths has to be founded. In this paper, we have introduced mean codeword length of orderαand typeβfor 1:1 codes and analyzed the relationship between average codeword length and fuzzy information measures for binary 1:1 codes. Further, noiseless coding theorem associated with fuzzy information measure has been established.

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Prank, Klaus, Fabrizio Gabbiani, and Georg Brabant. "Coding efficiency and information rates in transmembrane signaling." Biosystems 55, no. 1-3 (February 2000): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-2647(99)00078-7.

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Simić, Nikola, Zoran H. Perić, and Milan S. Savić. "Coding Algorithm for Grayscale Images – Design of Piecewise Uniform Quantizer with Golomb–Rice Code and Novel Analytical Model for Performance Analysis." Informatica 28, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2017.152.

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Fan, Baojie, Yingkui Du, and Yang Cong. "Online Learning Discriminative Dictionary with Label Information for Robust Object Tracking." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/189317.

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A supervised approach to online-learn a structured sparse and discriminative representation for object tracking is presented. Label information from training data is incorporated into the dictionary learning process to construct a robust and discriminative dictionary. This is accomplished by adding an ideal-code regularization term and classification error term to the total objective function. By minimizing the total objective function, we learn the high quality dictionary and optimal linear multiclassifier jointly using iterative reweighed least squares algorithm. Combined with robust sparse coding, the learned classifier is employed directly to separate the object from background. As the tracking continues, the proposed algorithm alternates between robust sparse coding and dictionary updating. Experimental evaluations on the challenging sequences show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods in terms of effectiveness, accuracy, and robustness.

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Taylor, John. "16–19 Mathematics by the School Mathematics Project. Information and coding, Pp 92. ISBN 0-521-42647-2. Information and coding. Unit guide £4.75. 1991 Pp 32. (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-42658-8." Mathematical Gazette 76, no. 477 (November 1992): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200151952.

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32

Riznyk, Volodymyr. "Advanced Information Technologies under Manifold Coordinate Systems." International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 15 (April 5, 2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9101.2021.15.9.

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In this paper, we regard information technologies under manifold coordinate systems, namely the concept of Ideal Ring Bundles (IRBs), which can be used for configure of the system with the minimized basis for vector data coding and processing designs. The concept involves establishing harmonious mutual penetration of symmetry and asymmetry law as the remarkable property of real space, which allows optimize information technologies based on the law for finding optimal solutions for wide classes of technological problems in informatics, using novel designs based on combinatorial configurations such as the IRBs and their manifold topological transformations. These design techniques make it possible to configure big vector data information systems with fewer numbers of code words than at present, while maintaining or improving on transformation content and the other operating characteristics of the system by means of combinatorial optimization.

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33

Chui, Charles K., and Jianzhong Wang. "Shannon Wavelet Approach to Sub-Band Coding." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 01, no. 02 (June 2003): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691303000098.

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It is well known that the Shannon Sampling Theorem allows us to fully recover a continuous-time bandlimited signal from its digital samples, as long as the sampling rate to be chosen is not smaller than the Nyquist frequency. This theory applies to all bandlimited signals, which may or may not occupy the entire frequency band. Hence, it is intuitively convincing that for continuous-time signals, such as those in speech, that do not fully utilize the entire frequency intervals, less digital samples are required for their full recovery. Current techniques in sub-band coding are used for achieving this goal. The objective of this paper is to present a wavelet theory for establishing the mathematical foundation of this sub-band coding approach. A wavelet packet decomposition of the signal provides the optimal sub-band coding bit-rate by using the Shannon wavelet library introduced in this paper.

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HU, XIYUAN, SILONG PENG, and WEN-LIANG HWANG. "MULTIPLE COMPONENT PREDICTIVE CODING OF IMAGES." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 11, no. 02 (March 2013): 1350012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691313500124.

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The conventional multiple component image compression approach separates the input image into several components, each of which is predicted and encoded independently. This approach creates redundancy because the prediction methods as well as the residual subcomponents must be transmitted. In this paper, we propose a new multiple-component predictive coding framework. First, we separate the reconstructed image into several subcomponents. Then, we use the previously encoded subcomponent to predict the current block, and then combine the prediction residuals of each subcomponent. To separate an image into multiple subcomponents, we designed a fast operator-based image separation algorithm. The numerical results demonstrate that the algorithm outperforms the H.264/AVC intra-frame prediction algorithm and the JPEG2000 algorithm on images with ample textures.

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35

St-Hilaire, Martin, and André Longtin. "Coding of information in models of tuberous electroreceptors." Mathematical Biosciences 188, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2003.08.012.

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36

Zhang, Xi, and Noriaki Fukuda. "Lossy to lossless image coding based on wavelets using a complex allpass filter." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 12, no. 04 (July 2014): 1460002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691314600029.

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Wavelet-based image coding has been adopted in the international standard JPEG 2000 for its efficiency. It is well-known that the orthogonality and symmetry of wavelets are two important properties for many applications of signal processing and image processing. Both can be simultaneously realized by the wavelet filter banks composed of a complex allpass filter, thus, it is expected to get a better coding performance than the conventional biorthogonal wavelets. This paper proposes an effective implementation of orthonormal symmetric wavelet filter banks composed of a complex allpass filter for lossy to lossless image compression. First, irreversible real-to-real wavelet transforms are realized by implementing a complex allpass filter for lossy image coding. Next, reversible integer-to-integer wavelet transforms are proposed by incorporating the rounding operation into the filtering processing to obtain an invertible complex allpass filter for lossless image coding. Finally, the coding performance of the proposed orthonormal symmetric wavelets is evaluated and compared with the D-9/7 and D-5/3 biorthogonal wavelets. It is shown from the experimental results that the proposed allpass-based orthonormal symmetric wavelets can achieve a better coding performance than the conventional D-9/7 and D-5/3 biorthogonal wavelets both in lossy and lossless coding.

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Morikawa, Hiroyuki, and Hiroshi Harashima. "Image sequence coding using 3-D structure and motion information." Systems and Computers in Japan 22, no. 8 (1991): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690220809.

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HUANG, YI-BIN, SONG-SONG LI, and YI-YOU NIE. "CONTROLLED DENSE CODING VIA GHZ-CLASS STATE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 10 (October 2008): 1509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108013059.

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A controlled quantum dense coding protocol with GHZ-class state is proposed. In this case the sender (Alice) can send information to the receiver (Bob), whereas the supervisor (Cliff) can control the quantum channel between Alice and Bob via his local measurement. The amount of classical information is shown to be controlled by the supervisor through adjustments of the local measurement angles and depend on the coefficients of the original GHZ-class state. We also give two concrete methods for Alice to deal with one of Cliff's measurement result which is more complicated.

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Bruyère, Véronique, and Clelia De Felice. "Any Lifting of a Trace Coding Is a Word Coding." Information and Computation 130, no. 2 (November 1996): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1996.0088.

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40

Yang, Jie. "Multiple Description Wavelet-Based Image Coding Using Iterated Function System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/924274.

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Recent literature highlights the multiple description coding (MDC) as a promising method to solve the problem of resilient image coding over error-prone networks, where packet losses occur. In this paper, we introduce a novel multiple description wavelet-based image coding scheme using fractal. This scheme exploits the fractal’s ability, which is to describe the different resolution scale similarity (redundancy) among wavelet coefficient blocks. When one description is lost, the lost information can be reconstructed by the proposed iterated function system (IFS) recovering scheme with the similarity and some introduced information. Compared with the referenced methods, the experimental results suggest that the proposed scheme can achieve better performance. Furthermore, it is substantiated to be more robust for images transmission and better subjective quality in reconstructed images even with high packet loss ratios.

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Hidayah, Miftahul, and Helen Forgasz. "A COMPARISON OF MATHEMATICAL TASKS TYPES USED IN INDONESIAN AND AUSTRALIAN TEXTBOOKS BASED ON GEOMETRY CONTENTS." Journal on Mathematics Education 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.3.11754.385-404.

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This study examined the type of mathematical tasks in two Australian and two Indonesian mathematics textbooks for 7th-grade students. The quantitative data were collected from the coding results of the tasks in the textbooks. The tasks were coded based on six categories: the presentation forms, the cognitive requirements, the contextual features, the information provided, the number of steps required, and the numbers of answers. Both the similarities and differences in the mathematical tasks provided in the selected textbooks were analysed. The coding results reveal that the majority of tasks in both the Australian and Indonesian textbooks were presented in verbal and combined forms. Routine and closed tasks were still dominant in the four textbooks. More than 93% of tasks in the four textbooks had sufficient information for students to solve the problem. One of the Australian textbooks had a higher proportion of tasks with real-world contexts than the other textbooks. One of the Indonesian textbooks showed a high proportion of tasks requiring multiple steps or procedures. These results were used to explore the learning opportunities offered by the textbooks, and the possible influence on students’ performances in international assessments. Some recommendations for the refinement of the textbooks and future research are also outlined at the end of the study.

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Zang, Miao, Huimin Xu, and Yongmei Zhang. "Kernel-Based Multiview Joint Sparse Coding for Image Annotation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6727105.

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It remains a challenging task for automatic image annotation problem due to the semantic gap between visual features and semantic concepts. To reduce the gap, this paper puts forward a kernel-based multiview joint sparse coding (KMVJSC) framework for image annotation. In KMVJSC, different visual features as well as label information are considered as distinct views and are mapped to an implicit kernel space, in which the original nonlinear separable data become linearly separable. Then, all the views are integrated into a multiview joint sparse coding framework aiming to find a set of optimal sparse representations and discriminative dictionaries adaptively, which can effectively employ the complementary information of different views. An optimization algorithm is presented by extending K-singular value decomposition (KSVD) and accelerated proximal gradient (APG) algorithms to the kernel multiview framework. In addition, a label propagation scheme using the sparse reconstruction and weighted greedy label transfer algorithm is also proposed. Comparative experiments on three datasets have demonstrated the competitiveness of proposed approach compared with other related methods.

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Röth, Kai, Shuai Shao, and Julijana Gjorgjieva. "Efficient population coding depends on stimulus convergence and source of noise." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): e1008897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008897.

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Sensory organs transmit information to downstream brain circuits using a neural code comprised of spikes from multiple neurons. According to the prominent efficient coding framework, the properties of sensory populations have evolved to encode maximum information about stimuli given biophysical constraints. How information coding depends on the way sensory signals from multiple channels converge downstream is still unknown, especially in the presence of noise which corrupts the signal at different points along the pathway. Here, we calculated the optimal information transfer of a population of nonlinear neurons under two scenarios. First, a lumped-coding channel where the information from different inputs converges to a single channel, thus reducing the number of neurons. Second, an independent-coding channel when different inputs contribute independent information without convergence. In each case, we investigated information loss when the sensory signal was corrupted by two sources of noise. We determined critical noise levels at which the optimal number of distinct thresholds of individual neurons in the population changes. Comparing our system to classical physical systems, these changes correspond to first- or second-order phase transitions for the lumped- or the independent-coding channel, respectively. We relate our theoretical predictions to coding in a population of auditory nerve fibers recorded experimentally, and find signatures of efficient coding. Our results yield important insights into the diverse coding strategies used by neural populations to optimally integrate sensory stimuli in the presence of distinct sources of noise.

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LIN, CHUNYU, YAO ZHAO, and CE ZHU. "TWO-STAGE MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION IMAGE CODING USING TCQ." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 07, no. 05 (September 2009): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691309003185.

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In this paper, we incorporate Trellis Coded Quantization (TCQ) into a two-stage multiple description coding structure to obtain granular gain over two-stage multiple description Scalar Quantizer (SQ). Analysis and experiment on Gaussian signal show that the performance of the proposed scheme can achieve larger gain than that of the two-stage SQ scheme because of better performance of TCQ. The proposed scheme for image coding is shown to be more effective than other relevant multiple description image coding schemes in terms of central-side-distortion rate performance.

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Herlina, Herlina, and Teady Matius Surya Mulyana. "ANALISIS PERSEPSI DAN HUBUNGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN PRESTASI BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 11, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jmp.2020.12.1.1932.

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Mathematics is the basis before learning coding-based courses. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Sample of 110 informatics engineering students. The results of the study showed a significant association of learning outcomes in mathematics with the achievement of learning programming languages. The magnification coefficient of 0.663 has a moderate and positive meaning. The contribution of mathematics in explaining programming languages is 43.97% and the remaining 56.03% is accepted by other variables. Students' perceptions of mathematics and programming languages consist of four levels of understanding, namely the five senses, analysis, interpretation and evaluation. Every level of dimension. On the sensory dimension of 31.9% mathematics has a close relationship with programming languages. In the dimensions of analysis and interpretation, the value of the percentage of perceptions that are almost the same namely 21.24% and 21.14% associate mathematical concepts with the concepts of programming languages. In the evaluation dimension of 20.6%, it shows that in programming languages, students need information other than mathematics, namely the purpose of the programming language that is being designed. Full Article

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Emerson, Robert Wall, and Dawn Anderson. "What Mathematical Images Are in a Typical Mathematics Textbook? Implications for Students with Visual Impairments." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 112, no. 1 (January 2018): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x1811200103.

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Introduction Visually impaired students (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) have difficulty accessing curricular material in mathematical textbooks because many mathematics texts have visual images that contain important content information that are not transcribed or described in digital versions of the texts. However, little is known about the extent to which this issue exists within texts and what sort of information is contained in visual material in mathematics texts. This article describes a process undertaken to classify images in a selection of math textbooks that are currently being used in grades 5,8, and 11. Methods Representative textbooks were chosen that aligned with Common Core Standards. An exhaustive and mutually exclusive set of image categories was developed, researchers became reliable on coding procedures, and then all images in the representative texts were coded. Results The most common images involved student interest, motivation, and organization, but contained little or no math content. The second most common area of image categories often contained large amounts of math content but were difficult to describe succinctly or might have been described without including important mathematical information. This grouping included tables, line graphs, and images specifically related to a single question. The final group of less frequently appearing images included ray or line diagrams, number lines, pie charts, bar graphs, and maps. Discussion To improve access to visual math content, the focus should be on images that appear frequently and contain math content such as tables, scatter or line graphs, shapes, equations, and images specifically related to a single question. Less common image categories such as models, line diagrams, pictures of calculator keys, and number lines lend themselves easily to description. Implications for practitioners Optimization of limited instructional time would be accomplished by having teachers focus on students’ understanding of the most common types of images, such as tables and line graphs.

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Nonomura, Tomoyuki, Kazumi Yamashita, and Kiyotsugu Satoh. "High-Efficiency Image-Coding Method Using Vector Quantization and Block Coding." Systems and Computers in Japan 20, no. 9 (1989): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690200910.

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Wang, Ning, Shuangkui Ge, Baobin Li, and Lizhong Peng. "Multiple description image compression based on multiwavelets." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 17, no. 01 (January 2019): 1850063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691318500637.

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Multiple description coding (MDC) is one of the source coding techniques to alleviate the problems of packet loss in the network. The decoder estimates the lost signals from received ones, based on the certain statistical correlation between descriptions. However, this correlation also leads to compression redundancy at the same time. Therefore, how to make efficient use of the introduced correlation has great importance in practical MDC approaches. In this paper, we propose a multiple description image coding scenario based on balanced multiwavelets. Two simple and effective methods to reconstruct the original image from partial descriptions are suggested. Furthermore, optimization criterion corresponding to this multiwavelet based system is provided. According to this criterion, we can choose appropriate multifilter banks to satisfy different demands. Experimental results show that the optimized multifilter banks in a simulated transform coding environment perform very well.

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LERNER, VLADIMIR S. "THE INFORMATION MODELING OF THE ENCODING-DECODING PROCESSES AT TRANSFORMATION OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION." Journal of Biological Systems 12, no. 02 (June 2004): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339004001075.

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Using the Informational Macrodynamics (IMD), the paper focuses on information modeling DNA structure and code, encoding-decoding mechanisms for the transformation and synthesis of information, and the telomerase information functions that these mechanisms generate. As an alternative to experimental DNA discovery, the considered double spiral information structure (DSS) and its coding language implement the IMD analytical model. The transferred pieces of the DSS' information code are synthesized into meaningful units, integrated by an information network. The analysis of the cognitive information processing shows that the information synthesis mechanism includes the preliminary encoding-decoding procedure whose code embodies the total time required for the translation of information as well as characterizing its life-time duration. The paper emphasizes on the systemic nature of these biological mechanisms.

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Fu, Zhe. "Embedded Image and Video Coding Algorithm Based on Adaptive Filtering Equation." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (September 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7953993.

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Based on the improved adaptive filtering method, this paper conducts in-depth discussion and research on embedded graphics and video coding and chooses to improve the adaptive filtering algorithm from three aspects: starting point prediction, search template, and window partitioning. The algorithm is imported into the encoder for video capture and encoding. By capturing videos of different formats, resolutions, and times, the memory size of the video files collected before and after the algorithm optimization is compared, and the optimized algorithm occupies the memory space of the video file in the actual system. The conclusion of less and higher coding rates. The collected video information is stored on a personal computer equipped with a freeness, and external electronic devices only need to download and install the browser, and the collected video information can be accessed in the local area network through the protocol. The improved coding algorithm has higher coding efficiency and can reduce the storage space occupied by the video.

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