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Journal articles on the topic 'Information campaigns'
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Boleslavsky, Raphael, and Christopher Cotton. "Information and Extremism in Elections." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20130006.
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We model an election in which parties nominate candidates with observable policy preferences prior to a campaign that produces information about candidate quality, a characteristic independent of policy. Informative campaigns lead to greater differentiation in expected candidate quality, which undermines policy competition. In equilibrium, as campaigns become more informative, candidates become more extreme. We identify conditions under which the costs associated with extremism dominate the benefits of campaign information. Informative political campaigns increase political extremism and can decrease voter welfare. Our results have implications for media coverage, the number of debates, and campaign finance reform. (JEL D72, D83)
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Enli, Gunn. "Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election." European Journal of Communication 32, no. 1 (February 2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802.
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In the 2016 US presidential election campaign, social media platforms were increasingly used as direct sources of news, bypassing the editorial media. With the candidates’ millions of followers, Twitter has become a platform for mass communication and the candidate’s main online information channel. Likewise, social media has provided a platform for debating and critiquing the mainstream media by the campaigns and their networks. This article discusses the Twitter strategies of the democratic candidate Hillary Clinton and republican candidate Donald Trump during their US 2016 presidential election campaigns. While the Clinton campaign’s strategy confirms theories regarding the professionalisation of election campaigns, the Trump campaign’s more amateurish yet authentic style in social media points towards de-professionalisation and even amateurism as a counter-trend in political communication.
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Bode, Leticia, David S. Lassen, Young Mie Kim, Dhavan V. Shah, Erika Franklin Fowler, Travis Ridout, and Michael Franz. "Coherent campaigns? Campaign broadcast and social messaging." Online Information Review 40, no. 5 (September 12, 2016): 580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-11-2015-0348.
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Purpose Despite the growing use of social media by politicians, especially during election campaigns, research on the integration of these media into broader campaign communication strategies remains rare. The purpose of this paper is to ask what the consequences of the transition to social media may be, specifically considering how Senate candidates’ use of a popular social network, Twitter, is related to their messaging via broadcast media in the form of campaign advertising, in terms of content and tone. Design/methodology/approach To address this research question, a unique data set combining every tweet (10,303) and every television ad aired (576,933 ad airings) by candidate campaigns for the US Senate during the 2010 campaign is created. Using these data, tweets and ads are analyzed for their references to issues as well as their overall tone. Findings Findings demonstrate that social messaging often resembles broadcast advertising, but that Twitter nonetheless occupies a unique place in modern campaigns in that its tone tends to be quite different than that of advertisements. Research limitations/implications This sheds light on a larger debate about whether online campaigning has produced a fundamental change in election practices or whether new media simply extend “campaigning as usual.” Originality/value This study uses a novel data set, encompassing the complete universe of ads and tweets distributed by candidates for Senate in 2010.
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Breitbart, E. W., R. Greinert, and B. Volkmer. "Effectiveness of information campaigns." Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92, no. 1 (September 2006): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.023.
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Ohr, Dieter, and Peter R. Schrott. "Campaigns and Information Seeking." European Journal of Communication 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 419–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323101016004001.
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Nickerson, David W., and Todd Rogers. "Political Campaigns and Big Data." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.51.
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Modern campaigns develop databases of detailed information about citizens to inform electoral strategy and to guide tactical efforts. Despite sensational reports about the value of individual consumer data, the most valuable information campaigns acquire comes from the behaviors and direct responses provided by citizens themselves. Campaign data analysts develop models using this information to produce individual-level predictions about citizens' likelihoods of performing certain political behaviors, of supporting candidates and issues, and of changing their support conditional on being targeted with specific campaign interventions. The use of these predictive scores has increased dramatically since 2004, and their use could yield sizable gains to campaigns that harness them. At the same time, their widespread use effectively creates a coordination game with incomplete information between allied organizations. As such, organizations would benefit from partitioning the electorate to not duplicate efforts, but legal and political constraints preclude that possibility.
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Druckman, James N., Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin. "Resisting the Opportunity for Change." Social Science Computer Review 36, no. 4 (June 2, 2017): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439317711977.
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This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional campaign websites? Did it cause them to alter their approach to online campaigning? Using data from a survey of campaign insiders, we find that the factors that influence how congressional campaigns view and use their websites were largely impervious to the unique electoral environment. Results show that, consistent with previous election years, campaigns maintained a fairly uniform view of likely visitors and target audiences, and they tended to see their campaign websites as digital hubs, best used for capturing the campaign’s overall message. We also find that, as in other years, nonincumbents continued to use their websites to campaign more aggressively than incumbents. Overall, the results suggest that congressional campaigning on the web is primarily driven by stable factors that transcend technological advancements and shifts in the political environment.
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Morvinski, Coby, Matthew J. Lupoli, and On Amir. "Social information decreases giving in late-stage fundraising campaigns." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): e0278391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278391.
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Online fundraisers often showcase information about the number of donations received and the proximity to the campaign goal. This practice follows research on descriptive norms and goal-directed motivation, which predicts higher contributions as the number of donors increases and as the campaign goal is approached. However, across three studies, we demonstrate that when the campaign is close to completion, individuals give more when they see that there are few (vs. many) donors to the campaign. We observe this result across real campaigns on a fundraising website and obtain causal evidence for this effect in two laboratory experiments. We find that this effect is driven in part by an increase in the perceived progress that one’s donation makes towards reaching the campaign goal. This work identifies a counterintuitive consequence of norm-based marketing appeals and has important implications for fundraisers.
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Chan, Lilian, Blythe O'Hara, Philayrath Phongsavan, Adrian Bauman, and Becky Freeman. "Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): e17432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17432.
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Background Mass media campaigns for public health are increasingly using digital media platforms, such as web-based advertising and social media; however, there is a lack of evidence on how to best use these digital platforms for public health campaigns. To generate this evidence, appropriate campaign evaluations are needed, but with the proliferation of digital media–related metrics, there is no clear consensus on which evaluation metrics should be used. Public health campaigns are diverse in nature, so to facilitate analysis, this review has selected tobacco control campaigns as the scope of the study. Objective This literature review aimed to examine how tobacco control campaigns that use traditional and digital media platforms have been evaluated. Methods Medicine and science databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus), and a marketing case study database (World Advertising Research Center) were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2018. Two authors established the eligibility criteria and reviewed articles for inclusion. Individual campaigns were identified from the articles, and information on campaigns and their evaluations were supplemented with searches on Google, Google Scholar, and social media platforms. Data about campaign evaluations were tabulated and mapped to a conceptual framework. Results In total, 17 campaigns were included in this review, with evaluations reported on by 51 articles, 17 marketing reports, and 4 grey literature reports. Most campaigns were from English-speaking countries, with behavioral change as the primary objective. In the process evaluations, a wide range of metrics were used to assess the reach of digital campaign activities, making comparison between campaigns difficult. Every campaign in the review, except one, reported some type of engagement impact measure, with website visits being the most commonly reported metric (11 of the 17 campaigns). Other commonly reported evaluation measures identified in this review include engagement on social media, changes in attitudes, and number of people contacting smoking cessation services. Of note, only 7 of the 17 campaigns attempted to measure media platform attribution, for example, by asking participants where they recalled seeing the campaign or using unique website tracking codes for ads on different media platforms. Conclusions One of the key findings of this review is the numerous and diverse range of measures and metrics used in tobacco control campaign evaluations. To address this issue, we propose principles to guide the selection of digital media–related metrics for campaign evaluations, and also outline a conceptual framework to provide a coherent organization to the diverse range of metrics. Future research is needed to specifically investigate whether engagement metrics are associated with desired campaign outcomes, to determine whether reporting of engagement metrics is meaningful in campaign evaluations.
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Ibrahim, Sameh Awadalla El-Sayad. "The Role of Media Campaigns in Raising Awareness of Development Issues and Their Relationship to the Level of Anxiety in Adolescents." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.27.
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The study sought to determine the role of media campaigns in educating university youth about various developmental issues and their relationship to their level of anxiety. The study is descriptive. It relied on the survey method on a sample of 400 adolescents at Ain Shams University. The most important forms of benefiting from the follow-up of media campaigns related to development issues came to provide them with important information about development issues, give a sense of confidence in state institutions, increase the sense of responsibility towards society, follow up on current development issues, awareness and interest in them. The most important media campaigns presented on satellite channels related to development issues are health awareness campaigns (Coronavirus - C virus campaign - 100 million health campaign - breast cancer), slum development campaigns, solidarity and dignity campaign to support the needy, small and micro enterprises support campaign, payment campaigns, electronic, economic campaign (price reduction - price control), low-income support campaign (supply system - bread system), campaigns for the disabled and people with special needs. The positive aspects of media campaigns related to development issues came as follows: The presented development issues are new and consistent with the current needs of society, their goals are clear and specific, their design is innovative, they encourage positive change, they seek to meet the needs of the ordinary citizen, the celebrities involved in media campaigns, the serious development issues that It presents it through its messages, the technical methods used in presenting development issues.
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Ramanathan, Sankaran. "Planning Information Kits for Special Information Campaigns." Media Asia 17, no. 2 (January 1990): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1990.11726333.
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Aköz, Kemal Kivanç, and Cemal Eren Arbatli. "Information Manipulation in Election Campaigns." Economics & Politics 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 181–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12076.
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Burger, Mariekie. "Information campaigns and local authorities." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 17, no. 1 (November 3, 2022): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v17i1.1887.
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The new constitution links the duties of local governments to development,implying that the financial dilemma of local authorities caused by theculture of non~payment for municipal services, should be seen in the lightof the deve/opment~rientated situation in South Africa. As the failures ofthe authoritarian top-down development approach became evident, it is not'8 solution to remove the electricity cables of non-payers, neither is it asolution to modify behaviour only. The motivation behind a campaignaiming at correcting the situation should focus on the capacity building inthe community, which is in line with participatory development and DSCthinking. This can only be· done in a participatory situation, whereinformation is released about the operations of the local authority, and thecommunity is educated about the functions and processes taking place inthe local authority. In a workshop situation, the needs of the communityshould be prioritised, in order to address those needs. It is believed that byunderstanding the various functions and operations of the local authority,attitudes of the community will change towards the local authority, and thatsuch change might lead to a change in the culture of non~payment.
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Freedman, Lawrence, and Heather Williams. "Understanding narratives and information campaigns." Adelphi series 61, no. 493-495 (November 2, 2021): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19445571.2021.2260266.
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Enos, Ryan D., and Anthony Fowler. "Aggregate Effects of Large-Scale Campaigns on Voter Turnout." Political Science Research and Methods 6, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.21.
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To what extent do political campaigns mobilize voters? Despite the central role of campaigns in American politics and despite many experiments on campaigning, we know little about the aggregate effects of an entire campaign on voter participation. Drawing upon inside information from presidential campaigns and utilizing a geographic research design that exploits media markets spanning state boundaries, we estimate the aggregate effects of a large-scale campaign. We estimate that the 2012 presidential campaigns increased turnout in highly targeted states by 7–8 percentage points, on average, indicating that modern campaigns can significantly alter the size and composition of the voting population. Further evidence suggests that the predominant mechanism behind this effect is traditional ground campaigning, which has dramatically increased in scale in the last few presidential elections. Additionally, we find no evidence of diminishing marginal returns to ground campaigning, meaning that voter contacts, each likely exhibiting small individual effects, may aggregate to large effects over the course of a campaign.
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D., Diana Constance, Rohini Subbiah, Parangimalai D. Madankumar, and Aparna Sukumaran. "Comparative analysis of trending tweets in Twitter during the year 2022 on days of public health significance." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2023): 3839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233124.
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The use of social media in healthcare communication has expanded, public dissemination of health-related information is less common. Objective of the study was to compare the number of tweets received by public health campaigns with trending tweet and likes in twitter on those specific days. Recent posts with hashtags of nine general health and five dental public health related campaigns between 01 January 2022 to 31 December 2022 were selected from Twitter based on public health importance. We looked for top trending campaigns that had the most global reach. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Among the nine general health campaigns, no likes were received for five campaigns and three campaigns got likes which were greater than the trending campaigns. Among the oral health related tweets, only National tooth brushing day campaign garnered 76000 likes and none of the other oral health related tweet garnered likes. Future Twitter-based health campaigns should emphasize image-based information endorsed by a reputable organization. Further support for this message from well-known twitter users could expand the information's reach.
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Ajiji Makeri, Yakubu, John Patrick Asiimwe, and Habiba Njeri Ngugi. "CYBER SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG UGANDAN UNIVERSITY LECTURERS: CHALLENGING FACTORS INFLUENCING CHANGE." Journal of Applied Science, Information and Computing 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/jasic-2021-2-2-07.
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The present paper focuses on Cyber Security Awareness Campaigns, and aims to identify key factors regarding security which may lead them to failing to appropriately change people’s behaviors. Past and current efforts to improve informationsecurity practices and promote a sustainable society have not had the desired impact. It is important therefore to critically reflect on the challenges involved in improving information-security behaviours for citizens, consumers and employees. In particular, our work considers these challenges from a Psychology perspective, as we believe that understanding how people perceive risksis critical to creating effective awareness campaigns. Changing behavior requires more than providing information about risks and reactive behaviours – firstly, people must be able to understand and apply the advice, and secondly, they must be motivated and willing to do so – and the latter requires changes to attitudes and intentions. These antecedents of behaviour change are identified in several psychological models of behaviour. We review the suitability of persuasion techniques, including the widely used ‘fear appeals. From this range of literature, we extract essential components for an awareness campaign as well as factors which can lead to a campaign’s success or failure. Finally, we present examples of existing awareness campaigns in different cultures (the UK and Africa) and reflect on these.
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Allem, Jon-Patrick, Patricia Escobedo, Kar-Hai Chu, Daniel W. Soto, Tess Boley Cruz, and Jennifer B. Unger. "Campaigns and counter campaigns: reactions on Twitter to e-cigarette education." Tobacco Control 26, no. 2 (March 8, 2016): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052757.
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BackgroundSocial media present opportunities for public health departments to galvanise interest in health issues. A challenge is creating content that will resonate with target audiences, and determining reactions to educational material. Twitter can be used as a real-time surveillance system to capture individuals’ immediate reactions to education campaigns and such information could lead to better campaigns in the future. A case study testing Twitter's potential presented itself when the California Department of Public Health launched its ‘Still Blowing Smoke’ media campaign about the potential harmful effects of e-cigarettes. Pro-e-cigarette advocacy groups, in response, launched a counter campaign titled ‘Not Blowing Smoke’. This study tracked the popularity of the two campaigns on Twitter, analysed the content of the messages and determined who was involved in these discussions.MethodsThe study period was from 22 March 2015 to 27 June 2015. A stratified sampling procedure supplied 2192 tweets for analysis. Content analysis identified pro, anti and neutral e-cigarette tweets, and five additional themes: Marketing Elements, Money, Regulation/propaganda, Health, and Other. Metadata were analysed to obtain additional information about Twitter accounts.Results‘Not Blowing Smoke’ was referenced more frequently than ‘Still Blowing Smoke’ on Twitter. Messages commonly objected to government regulation of e-cigarettes, refuted claims that e-cigarette manufactures were aligned with big tobacco, and touted the health benefits of e-cigarette use. E-cigarette companies and vape shops used campaign slogans to communicate with customers on Twitter.ConclusionsFindings showed the time dynamics of Twitter and the possibility for real-time monitoring of education campaigns.
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Kim, Annice E., Jennifer C. Duke, Heather Hansen, and Lauren Porter. "Using Web Panels to Understand Whether Online Ad Exposure Influences Information-Seeking Behavior." Social Marketing Quarterly 18, no. 4 (November 8, 2012): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412466072.
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Measuring the impact of online health campaigns is challenging. Traditionally, advertisement click-through rates (CTRs) have been used to measure message reach, but CTRs are low with most clicks coming from a small fraction of users. However, low CTRs do not necessarily indicate that an ad was not effective. There may be latency effects whereby people do not click on ads at time of exposure but visit the promoted website or conduct searches later. Online panels that unobtrusively collect panelists’ web behavior may provide a more reliable data source for measuring online campaign effects. We used web behavior data from a proprietary online panel to identify panelists who were either exposed or unexposed to the Tobacco Free Florida Cessation Internet ad campaign. We assessed whether ad exposure influenced website visits and searches on campaign-related topics up to 4 weeks after initial exposure. Those who were exposed to the campaign were significantly more likely than those who were not exposed to have visited the campaign website (0.65% vs. 0.13%, respectively, p < .001), but ad exposure did not influence searches on campaign-related topics. These results suggest that panel web behavior data may be useful for understanding behavioral response to and latency effects of online campaigns.
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Moffitt, Sally. "Book Review: Campaigning for President in America, 1788–2016." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n2.141b.
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Campaigning for President in America, 1788–2016 is a revised and “streamlined edition” (xv) of the 3-volume 2012 second edition also published by Greenwood (Presidential Campaigns, Slogans, Issues, and Platforms: the Complete Encyclopedia) that removes “all of the stand-alone entries on campaign slogans and most of the more dated campaign issues” (xv). In addition, the “number of separate entries explaining major campaign events” (xv) of the past have also been reduced.
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Semadeni, Andrea, and Marco Zanetti. "Holzförderung – ein wichtiges Anliegen des Bundes | Timber Promotion – an Important Federal Concern." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0087.
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Harvesting more timber and using it more intensively are central to the government's forest policy. Promotional instruments influence forest production, but it is not possible to give direct aid to the timber-processing industry. Instead, the Confederation has invested heavily in research, development and public information campaigns. Various promotional campaigns have been particularly effective. Thus the «Holz 2000»campaign, which will soon be drawing to a close, will continue under the name of «Förderprogram Holz» (Timber Promotion Campaign) 2001–2003.
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Frolova, O. M., and M. I. Kaylo. "INFORMATION POLICY OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE USA AND UKRAINE." International and Political Studies, no. 35 (November 10, 2022): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-5206.2022.35.259155.
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The article analyzes the essence of election campaigns, outlines the main tasks and stages of their implementation, considers the features of information support for election campaigns. American standards for the development of political PR technologies for election campaigns are studied, and the peculiarities of the organization of political advertising in the media and social networks of candidates in the United States are considered. It has been established that the information support of election campaigns in the United States is carried out taking into account feedback from citizens from a thorough study of society's expectations. Thus, in the US, the media, as communication channels, carry out the functions of collecting, filtering, distributing and generalizing ideas about voters through shows, interviews, and debates. It was found that the media occupy a key place in the formation of the information space of power and have the status of an intermediary in the relationship between the population and the authorities through the use of various communication mechanisms. Internet communications used by the headquarters of B. Obama, D. Trump, H. Clinton, J. Biden during the election campaigns of candidates most actively included e-mail, websites, blogs and social networks, online television and video channels on Internet resource YouTube.com. It has been proven that the Internet provides undeniable effectiveness in the political struggle tools for interacting with the electorate, conveying one's point of view to the voters, and expanding the base of the election campaign. Ukrainian standards for the development of political PR technologies to ensure the conduct of election campaigns are analyzed. Features of the organization of political advertising of candidates in Ukraine in mass media and social networks are considered. The Ukrainian experience of information policy during election campaigns is analyzed and the main problems of information support of election campaigns are studied, as well as ways to solve them are proposed.
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Serra, J. Paulo. "The Visibility of Political Websites during Electoral Campaigns." International Journal of E-Politics 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijep.2013100103.
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This paper discusses how political parties and candidates try to enhance the public visibility of their websites during electoral campaigns, through a process that the author proposes calling the “meta-campaign.” This process significantly depends on the actions of journalists and the way in which they cover electoral campaigns. The discussion is based on an exploratory and qualitative study of the Portuguese campaign for the 2009 European Parliament election. The main reason the authors chose this election was that European themes, being less familiar to Portuguese citizens than national ones, would highlight the need for information about the salient issues as well as the tools for attaining this information, with the websites of political parties and candidates clearly being one of the latter.
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Samuel-Azran, Tal, Moran Yarchi, and Gadi Wolfsfeld. "Aristotelian rhetoric and Facebook success in Israel’s 2013 election campaign." Online Information Review 39, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-11-2014-0279.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the mapping of the social media discourse involving politicians and their followers during election campaigns, the authors examined Israeli politicians’ Aristotelian rhetoric on Facebook and its reception during the 2013 elections campaign. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examined the Aristotelian rhetorical strategies used by Israeli politicians on their Facebook walls during the 2013 elections, and their popularity with social media users. Findings – Ethos was the most prevalent rhetorical strategy used. On the reception front, pathos-based appeals attracted the most likes. Finally, the results point to some discrepancy between politicians’ campaign messages and the rhetoric that actually gains social media users’ attention. Research limitations/implications – The findings indicate that Israel’s multi-party political system encourages emphasis on candidates’ credibility (ethos) in contrast to the prevalence of emotion (pathos) in typical election campaigns in two-party systems like the USA. One possible explanation is the competitive nature of elections in a multi-party system where candidates need to emphasise their character and distinct leadership abilities. Practical implications – Politicians and campaign managers are advised to attend to the potential discrepancy between politicians’ output and social media users’ preferences, and to the effectiveness of logos-based appeals. Originality/value – The study highlights the possible effect of the party system on politicians’ online rhetoric in social media election campaigns.
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Welsh, Patrick, Thomas Christodoulides, and Suzanne Hudson. "Am I Normal? Informing the public about psychosis through websites and beer mats." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 210 (June 2010): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2010.1.210.7.
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Well-devised information campaigns about psychosis have been shown to reduce stigmatising attitudes and reduce the time psychosis is left untreated. This paper describes an information campaign initiated by two Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services.
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Jama, Abdifatah Mukhtar. "The Impact of Facebook on Election Campaigns: (Case Study of Mogadishu Somalia)." African Journal of History and Geography 2, no. 1 (September 29, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.2.1.1476.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu, with a focus on identifying the positive and negative effects of using Facebook as a political tool. In Somalia, Facebook has emerged as one of the most popular social media platforms, with a significant portion of the population using the platform to communicate and access information. As such, it has become increasingly important to understand the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu. Although Facebook has become a popular platform for political campaigning globally, little is known about the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu, Somalia. Given the country's recent history of political instability and the increasing role of social media in shaping public opinion, there is a need to study the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu. The article used a descriptive research design employing a quantitative approach to quantify occurrences, describe current conditions, and investigate the impact of Facebook on election campaigns in Mogadishu, Somalia. The target populations that participated in the study were the faculty of social science and other administration staff at Somali National University, with a total of 100 participants. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires, and SPSS was utilised for descriptive analysis. The research findings suggested that Facebook is a popular source of information and a common platform for receiving political messages during election campaigns in Mogadishu, Somalia. The majority of the participants use Facebook almost daily, and a significant proportion have used it as a source of information for the latest election campaign. Additionally, many participants have encountered political posts on Facebook during the campaign, with the majority reporting seeing them with a range of frequencies. This study recommends that Facebook implement measures to combat online harassment and protect users' safety during election campaigns, given that a significant proportion of respondents have witnessed or experienced online harassment related to election campaigns on Facebook
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BASINGER, SCOTT J., and HOWARD LAVINE. "Ambivalence, Information, and Electoral Choice." American Political Science Review 99, no. 2 (May 2005): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055405051580.
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Conventional wisdom views voter choice in House elections as preordained by party identification, incumbency, and perceptions of national conditions. In an analysis of voter behavior in House elections between 1990 and 2000, we find instead that voters are quite heterogeneous. Voters who hold ambivalent partisan attitudes, who typically constitute 30% of the electorate, reduce their reliance on party identification; this effect is entirely independent of the strength of identification. Individuals holding ambivalent partisan attitudes that both lack political knowledge and are presented with little campaign stimulus are more likely to engage in economic voting. Individuals holding ambivalent partisan attitudes that either are knowledgeable about politics or are presented with stimulating campaigns are more likely to engage in ideological voting. Thus, campaign competition and national partisan competition each play a role in assuring that ordinary voters may participate meaningfully in the political process.
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Ferrara, Emilio, Onur Varol, Filippo Menczer, and Alessandro Flammini. "Detection of Promoted Social Media Campaigns." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14772.
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Information spreading on social media contributes to the formation of collective opinions. Millions of social media users are exposed every day to popular memes — some generated organically by grassroots activity, others sustained by advertising, information campaigns or more or less transparent coordinated efforts. While most information campaigns are benign, some may have nefarious purposes, including terrorist propaganda, political astroturf, and financial market manipulation. This poses a crucial technological challenge with deep social implications: can we detect whether the spreading of a viral meme is being sustained by a promotional campaign? Here we study trending memes that attract attention either organically, or by means of advertisement. We designed a machine learning framework capable to detect promoted campaigns and separate them from organic ones in their early stages. Using a dataset of millions of posts associated with trending Twitter hashtags, we prove that remarkably accurate early detection is possible, achieving 95% AUC score. Feature selection analysis reveals that network diffusion patterns and content cues are powerful early detection signals.
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Weiss, Janet A., and Mary Tschirhart. "Public Information Campaigns as Policy Instruments." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 13, no. 1 (1994): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3325092.
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Bushar, Jessica A., Jodie Fishman, Danielle Garfinkel, and Amy Pirretti. "Enrolling Underserved Women in mHealth Programs: Results From Text4baby Outreach Campaigns." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 2 (March 24, 2018): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918763589.
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Public health practitioners have increasingly leveraged technology-based communication to get health information into the hands of hard-to-reach populations; however, best practices for outreach and enrollment into mobile health (mHealth) programs are lacking. This article describes enrollment results from campaigns focused on enrolling underserved pregnant women and mothers in Text4baby—a free, mHealth service—to inform outreach strategies for mHealth programs. Text4baby participants receive health and safety information, interactive surveys, alerts, and appointment reminders through at least three weekly texts and a free app—timed to users’ due date or babies’ birth date. Text4baby worked with partners to implement national, state, and community-based enrollment campaigns. Descriptive statistics were used to compare baseline enrollment prior to a campaign with enrollment during a campaign to generate enrollment estimates. Enrollment rates were calculated for campaigns for which the number targeted/reached was available. National television campaigns resulted in more than 10,000 estimated enrollments. Campaigns that were integrated with an existing program and text-based recruitment had the highest enrollment rates, ranging from 7% to 24%. Facebook advertisements and traditional media targeting providers and consumers were least effective. mHealth programs should consider text-based recruitment and outreach via existing programs; additional research is needed on return on investment for different outreach strategies and on the effectiveness of different outreach strategies at reaching and enrolling specific target populations.
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Hussein, Eman. "Attitudes of Egyptian and Saudi University Youth towards the Effectiveness of Media Campaigns on Social Networking Sites in Raising Awareness of the Coronavirus. (Comparative Study)." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i1.4411.
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The research aims to identify the rate of exposure of Egyptian and Saudi university youth to media campaigns on social media sites to raise awareness of the Coronavirus and to monitor the trend of young people towards the information provided about the Coronavirus. The research used the survey method in its field apartment on a sample of Egyptian and Saudi university youth, as well as the comparative approach to identify the similarities and differences in the study sample. The most important results: The (We Are All Responsible) campaign ranked first in terms of media campaigns preferred by Saudi university youth with a relative importance of (97.5%), while the “Protect Yourself, Protect Your Nation” campaign ranked first in terms of media campaigns preferred by Egyptian university youth with relative importance. The amount of (91.83%) and the Egyptian and Saudi university youth agreed to choose because it provides information about the Coronavirus and how to prevent it in the first place with a relative importance of (95.17%) in the motives for following up on media campaigns, and there are no differences between the sample members at the three socio-economic levels on a scale The trend towards the effectiveness of campaigns in raising awareness of the Coronavirus as a total degree, where the value of (t) was not significant at the 0.05. level.
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Pattie, Charles J., Ronald J. Johnston, and Edward A. Fieldhouse. "Winning the Local Vote: The Effectiveness of Constituency Campaign Spending in Great Britain, 1983–1992." American Political Science Review 89, no. 4 (December 1995): 969–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082521.
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Much recent analysis of British politics has assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that constituency campaigns have no impact upon an electorate that draws on an increasingly nationalized media for its information. We employ data on constituency campaign spending to challenge this interpretation. Local party campaigners are rational in their use of funds, spending most in seats where the competition is close and least where there is little hope of winning. What is more, campaign spending is clearly associated with voting, increasing support for the spending party and decreasing support for its rivals. Contrary to the accepted wisdom, local campaign spending can result in important shifts in the vote. However, local campaigning seems to be of much more value to challengers than to incumbents.
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Blanchette, Julia E., MJ Tran, Ernest G. Grigorian, Eli Iacob, Linda S. Edelman, Tamara K. Oser, and Michelle L. Litchman. "GoFundMe as a Medical Plan: Ecological Study of Crowdfunding Insulin Success." JMIR Diabetes 7, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): e33205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33205.
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Background Individuals in need of medical care turn to crowdfunding websites to engage a “crowd” or group for financial support. In the last decade, access to insulin has decreased considerably for several reasons, including the rising cost of insulin, increasing popularity of high-deductible insurance plans, and increasing insurance premiums. Many people with diabetes are forced to ration or go without insulin, and they turn to crowdfunding websites to seek financial donations to purchase insulin needed to reduce health risks and mortality, and sustain quality of life. Objective This study aimed to explore crowdfunding campaign requests to purchase insulin in the United States. Methods In this retrospective, quantitative, and qualitative study, we coded the text of GoFundMe online crowdfunding campaigns and viral measures (shares, hearts, and comments) from February 25 to April 15, 2019. We described campaigns (N=205) and explored the factors associated with campaign success using correlations and qualitative thematic analysis. Results The majority of campaigns were initiated by middle-aged adults (age 26-64 years; 77/205, 37.6%), those with type 1 diabetes (94/205, 45.9%), and those needing funds owing to insurance coverage issues (125/205, 61.0%). The factors associated with campaign success included requests for ≤US $500 (P=.007) and higher viral measures (shares, P=.007; hearts, P<.001; comments, P=.002). The following 4 themes emerged from the campaign text: (1) desire for self-management and survival, (2) diabetes management untenable given insulin access, (3) aftermath of insulin unaffordability, and (4) privacy issues with crowdfunding. Campaign comments were both supportive (tangible, informational, and emotional) and unsupportive (questioned the need for the campaign and deemed crowdfunding inappropriate). Conclusions Despite crowdfunding websites being used to support the purchase of insulin, campaigns raised only a fraction of the money requested. Therefore, GoFundMe campaigns are not a reliable solution to obtain funds for insulin in the United States. Applying quantitative and qualitative methods is adequate to analyze online crowdfunding for costs of medications such as insulin. However, it is critical for people with diabetes to use resources other than online crowdfunding to access and obtain insulin owing to low success rates. Clinicians should routinely assess difficulty accessing or affording insulin, and federal health care policies should support lowering the cost of insulin.
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Mark, Erica, Mira Sridharan, Brian Florenzo, Olivia L. Schenck, Mary-Margaret B. Noland, John S. Barbieri, and Jules B. Lipoff. "Crowdsourcing Medical Costs in Dermatology: Cross-sectional Study Analyzing Dermatologic GoFundMe Campaigns." JMIR Dermatology 5, no. 2 (April 22, 2022): e34111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/34111.
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Background Crowdfunding for medical costs is becoming increasingly popular. Few previous studies have described the fundraising characteristics and qualities associated with success. Objective This study aimed to characterize and investigate the qualities associated with successful dermatological fundraisers. Methods This cross-sectional study of dermatological GoFundMe campaigns collected data, including demographic variables, thematic variables using an inductive qualitative method, and quantitative information. Linear regression examined the qualities associated with success, which are defined based on funds raised when controlling for campaign goals. Logistic regression was used to examine qualities associated with extremely successful campaigns, defined as those raising >1.5 times the IQR. Statistical significance was set at P<.05. Results A total of 2008 publicly available campaigns at the time of data collection were evaluated. Nonmodifiable factors associated with greater success included male gender, age 20-40 years, and White race. Modifiable factors associated with success included more updates posted to the campaign page, non–self-identity of the campaign creator, mention of a chronic condition, and smiling in campaign profile photographs. Conclusions Understanding the modifiable factors of medical crowdfunding may inform future campaigns, and nonmodifiable factors may have policy implications for improving health care equity and financing. Crowdfunding for medical disease treatment may have potential implications for medical privacy and exacerbation of existing health care disparities. This study was limited to publicly available GoFundMe campaigns. Potential limitations for this study include intercoder variability, misclassification bias because of the data abstraction process, and prioritization of campaigns based on the proprietary GoFundMe algorithm.
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Widayat, Rossi Maunofa, Achmad Nurmandi, Yeni Rosilawati, Zuly Qodir, Sunyoto Usman, and Tawakkal Baharuddin. "2019 Election Campaign Model in Indonesia Using Social Media." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 5216–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19351.
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The presence of social media platforms, especially Twitter, in Indonesia since the 2014 and 2019 elections have been used as a campaign media used by political parties to change conventional campaign strategies into virtual campaigns that are more informative, interactive, and participatory. This paper will analyze Twitter social media used by political parties, including @PDI_Perjuangan, @Gerindra, @DPP_PPP, @PKSejahtera during the campaign from January to April in the 2019 General Election, with analysis tools using Nvivo 12Plus. Using big data analysis from the Twitter of political parties, we found several things: first, the various news posted during the campaign with the amount and intensity of the news and becoming a trending topic will affect the number of followers owned by political parties, the more often political parties post news it will affect voter segmentation, the number of likes for the message content, the number of followers, and the number of retweets. Second, the popularity of public figures can also be a measure of the success of the campaign strategy made through the news on Twitter social media. Third, the 2019 election campaign produced an effective campaign model when compared to previous campaigns on social media.
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Nadeau, Richard, Neil Nevitte, Elisabeth Gidengil, and André Blais. "Election Campaigns as Information Campaigns: Who Learns What and Does it Matter?" Political Communication 25, no. 3 (July 30, 2008): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584600802197269.
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Antonetti, Paolo, and Danae Manika. "The offline spill-over of signing online petitions against companies." Information Technology & People 30, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 969–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-08-2016-0179.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions caused by online petition campaigns against cases of perceived corporate malpractice, while also contributing to the ongoing debate over the spill-over effects of online activism to offline contexts. A dual pathway model is advanced based on the individual’s motivation to help the people affected by irresponsible corporate behavior and punish the deviant corporation. Design/methodology/approach Two studies (USA and UK) are used to gather cross-sectional and longitudinal data, which are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Online petition campaigns relying on the display of victims affected by irresponsible behavior trigger feelings of compassion and anger. While the former leads to campaign support motivated by a desire to help, the latter causes intentions to punish. Intentions to support the petition resulting from this dual pathway influence the actual signing of the petition online and self-reported offline negative word of mouth against the company. Social implications Both identified pathways should be activated by online petition campaigns to increase online support and spreading offline negative word of mouth. To do so, such campaigns need to increase perceptions of unfairness and victim’s similarity, and likeability. Originality/value Scant research has examined the psychological processes that explain the effectiveness of online petition campaigns against businesses and the motivations to sign an online petition and engage in subsequent offline behavior. Implications for businesses are also discussed.
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Ceccarelli, Andrea, Federica Tamarri, Raffaella Angelini, Elizabeth Bakken, Ilaria Concari, Elsa Giannoccaro, Giada Domeniconi, et al. "Herpes Zoster Vaccine Uptake and Active Campaign Impact, a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Italy." Vaccines 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010051.
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The Herpes Zoster (HZ) vaccination has proven both safe and effective in alleviating conditions related to HZ, leading to significant cost savings in national healthcare and social systems. In Italy, it is recommended and provided free of charge to individuals aged 65 and older. To achieve broad vaccination coverage, alongside ordinary immunization campaigns, active and catch-up campaigns were implemented. This retrospective observational study aimed to observe the vaccination coverage achieved in the Romagna Local Health Authority (LHA) during the 2023 active campaign, with a secondary goal of assessing the impact of the 2022 catch-up campaign and the 2023 active campaign compared to ordinary campaigns. As of 3 July 2023, an overall vaccine uptake of 13.5% was achieved among individuals born in 1958, with variations among the four LHA centers ranging from 10.2% to 17.7%. Catch-up and active campaigns together contributed to nearly half of the achieved coverage in Center No. 1 and a quarter in Center No. 2. Notably, individuals born in 1957, not included in the Center No. 2 catch-up campaign, reached significantly lower vaccination coverage compared to other cohorts and centers. Analyzing the use of text messages for active campaigns, it was observed that cohort groups did not show substantial differences in text-message utilization for warnings. However, having relatives who had experienced HZ-related symptoms significantly reduced the reliance on text messages as warnings. These results highlighted how catch-up and active campaigns effectively increased vaccine coverage. Nevertheless, differences in uptake among different centers within the same LHA and the limited contribution of other information sources compared to text messages suggest the necessity of designing campaigns involving all available channels and stakeholders to maximize vaccine uptake.
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Sonin, Konstantin, and Austin L. Wright. "Information Operations Increase Civilian Security Cooperation." Economic Journal 132, no. 643 (December 30, 2021): 1179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueab101.
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Abstract Information operations are considered a central element of modern warfare and counter-insurgency, yet there remains little systematic evidence of their effectiveness. Using a geographic quasi-experiment conducted during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, we demonstrate that civilians exposed to the government’s information campaign resulted in more civilian security cooperation, which in turn increased bomb neutralisations. These results are robust to a number of alternative model specifications that account for troop presence, patrol-based operations, and local military aid allocation. The paper demonstrates that information campaigns can lead to substantive attitudinal and behavioural changes in an adversarial environment and substantially improve battlefield outcomes.
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Kammer, Adrian, Sebastian Niessen, Lukas Schmid, and Norina Schwendener. "Finding One’s Way on the Roads to Social Change." Social Marketing Quarterly 22, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500416641385.
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Many theories and models attempt to explain the mechanisms underlying human behavior. In order to maintain an overview of the many aspects involved in communication campaigns, social marketing, and behavior change, the Swiss Federal Office for Public Health has created a metamodel of the impact of its campaigns. This metamodel does not claim to contribute any new findings to behavioral research. Its purpose is primarily to summarize the current state of research in the field in a comprehensive and comprehensible way, with reference to a range of relevant communications, social marketing, and behavior change theories. Dimensions addressed include strategy, processes, and impact, with the final dimension demonstrating the possible ranges of impact from individual to societal and from information to behavior. Social marketers and campaign planners may find this model useful as a planning and evaluation tool for campaigns, programs, or interventions that seek to increase awareness or change behavior. Its focus lies on communication campaigns, while also indicating the limits of campaign efficacy. It makes it clear that campaigns are most effective at the early stages of the behavioral change process, such as capturing attention, while other interventions are more effective at later stages.
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Marcus, George E., and Michael B. MacKuen. "Anxiety, Enthusiasm, and the Vote: The Emotional Underpinnings of Learning and Involvement During Presidential Campaigns." American Political Science Review 87, no. 3 (September 1993): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938743.
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By incorporating emotionality, we propose to enrich information-processing models of citizens' behavior during election campaigns. We demonstrate that two distinct dynamic emotional responses play influential roles during election campaigns: anxiety and enthusiasm. Anxiety, responding to threat and novelty, stimulates attention toward the campaign and political learning and discourages reliance on habitual cues for voting. Enthusiasm powerfully influences candidate preferences and stimulates interest and involvement in the campaign. The findings support a theoretical perspective that regards cognitive and emotional processes as mutually engaged and mutually supportive rather than as antagonistic. We suggest that the democratic process may not be undermined by emotionality as is generally presupposed. Instead, we believe that people use emotions as tools for efficient information processing and thus enhance their abilities to engage in meaningful political deliberation.
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Silva, Lafaiet, Nádia Félix Silva, and Thierson Rosa. "Success prediction of crowdfunding campaigns: a two-phase modeling." International Journal of Web Information Systems 16, no. 4 (July 27, 2020): 387–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-05-2020-0026.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze Kickstarter data along with social media data from a data mining perspective. Kickstarter is a crowdfunding financing plataform and is a form of fundraising and is increasingly being adopted as a source for achieving the viability of projects. Despite its importance and adoption growth, the success rate of crowdfunding campaigns was 47% in 2017, and it has decreased over the years. A way of increasing the chances of success of campaigns would be to predict, by using machine learning techniques, if a campaign would be successful. By applying classification models, it is possible to estimate if whether or not a campaign will achieve success, and by applying regression models, the authors can forecast the amount of money to be funded. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a solution in two phases, namely, launching and campaigning. As a result, models better suited for each point in time of a campaign life cycle. Findings The authors produced a static predictor capable of classifying the campaigns with an accuracy of 71%. The regression method for phase one achieved a 6.45 of root mean squared error. The dynamic classifier was able to achieve 85% of accuracy before 10% of campaign duration, the equivalent of 3 days, given a campaign with 30 days of length. At this same period time, it was able to achieve a forecasting performance of 2.5 of root mean squared error. Originality/value The authors carry out this research presenting the results with a set of real data from a crowdfunding platform. The results are discussed according to the existing literature. This provides a comprehensive review, detailing important research instructions for advancing this field of literature.
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Mahmoud fadol mukhtar, Dr Amal. "The role of communication marketing media campaign programs for Sudanese childs issues." علوم الاتصال 6, no. 8 (September 30, 2021): 255–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/cs.v2i8.1605.
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This research tackles the role of communication in social marketing of child issues in the Sudan, a case study on the ministry of Social Development in Khartoum state.
The purpose of this research is to recognize the communication role done by General Administration of Information and Social Awareness of the ministry of Social Development in marketing the programs of social campaigns of the Sudanese child represented in social patronage, sponsorship and supporting and protection, include the specific social, economic and political aspects, as health, education, providing security and settlement.
The research tried to answer a number of questions, one of them is a basic question.
What is the number and size of information campaigns implemented at the period from August 2019 to August 2020?
The researcher used the descriptive methodology besides the methodology of status study. And the researcher depends on questionnaire, the (systemized) interview form, (not systemized) interview form, and the simple observation .
Findings:
The research concluded to a number of findings, the most important of them are:
1.There is a malfunction in the efficiency of communication with the General Administration of Information and Social Awareness of the ministry. The cause of this is lack of enough trained information cadre, and lack of enough money be specified to the campaign.
2.The subjects and Programs come within the campaign do not cover all sectors of children but concentrate on the children of hard circumstances.
3.The number of information campaigns implemented at the period from 2019 to 2020 are two: a campaign on orphanages (Halima Al-Saadaya) and a campaign to patronize the children of streets (who lost the family caring).
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Chowdhury, Md Rakibuzzaman, and Rumana Zahan. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Awareness Campaigns in Addressing Psychiatric Aspects of Drug Addiction: A Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh." Saudi Journal of Medicine 8, no. 09 (September 25, 2023): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i09.010.
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Background: The burgeoning issue of drug addiction, coupled with its intricate linkages to psychiatric aspects, necessitates innovative interventions. This research delves into the efficacy of awareness campaigns as a strategy for addressing the psychiatric dimensions of drug addiction, specifically within the confines of a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective study examined the impact of awareness campaigns on drug addiction's psychiatric dimensions. Using purposive sampling, 100 patients were selected from the Department of Psychiatry, Rajshahi Medical College, between January 2020 and December 2022. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were conducted to measure changes in awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Standardized scales gauged shifts over time. Ethical considerations were adhered to. Pre- and post-campaign comparisons facilitated longitudinal assessment. Results: Preliminary findings reveal a positive shift in participants' awareness of psychiatric aspects linked to drug addiction after exposure to awareness campaigns. Initial awareness levels of 25% concerning psychiatric dimensions rose significantly to 68% post-campaign. Moreover, willingness to seek comprehensive treatment increased from 32% before the campaign to 75% afterward. Actively seeking treatment information also saw a rise, climbing from 18% pre-campaign to 56% post-campaign. Qualitative insights highlighted that 83% of participants acknowledged the campaigns' role in enhancing understanding. Additionally, participants displayed improved attitudes towards seeking treatment for both addiction and concurrent psychiatric issues. These results collectively indicate the campaigns' efficacy in fostering heightened awareness, altering attitudes, and driving proactive behaviors. Conclusions: The initial results indicate that awareness campaigns hold promise as effective tools in addressing the psychiatric dimensions of drug addiction treatment. A comprehensive analysis of the complete dataset will provide deeper insights into the extent of these changes and their potential long-term implications for treatment outcomes.
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Udris, Linards, and Mark Eisenegger. "Referendum Campaigns in the Digital Age: Towards (More) Comparative Analyses in Hybrid Media Systems." Media and Communication 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6703.
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Referendum campaigns, which happen in many countries on the national or sub-national level, are highly important and special periods of political communication. Unlike elections, however, referendum campaigns are understudied phenomena. This thematic issue addresses patterns of referendum campaigns, which increasingly take place in digital and hybrid media environments, where political actors conduct campaigns through various channels, news media react to and shape debates on social media, and citizens receive a large share of political information from traditional and digital media. In this editorial, we provide a short overview of how research on referendum campaigns has evolved and how it has started to shift its attention away from news coverage and toward the role of campaign actors and the citizens who use (or engage with) search engines and social media platforms. The articles in this thematic issue reflect this shift but also show that news media remain important actors in referendum campaigns. Finally, we outline further research steps, which should include even more holistic analyses of the hybridity of referendum campaigns and hopefully more comparisons across cases.
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Grigorov, Grigor. "The Role of Information Campaigns and Advertising in the Military Recruitment System." Information & Security: An International Journal 50 (2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.5004.
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Hou, Jian-Ren, Jie Zhang, and Kunpeng Zhang. "Pictures that are Worth a Thousand Donations: How Emotions in Project Images Drive the Success of Online Charity Fundraising Campaigns? An Image Design Perspective." MIS Quarterly 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 535–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2022/17164.
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Charity fundraising is becoming increasingly reliant on online platforms such as crowdfunding platforms. However, overwhelmingly, crowdfunding campaigns are not meeting their goals. Therefore, it is imperative to examine how the success of charity fundraising campaigns can be improved. In this paper, we focus on the design of project images on a crowdfunding website, which portray the themes and content of the projects. Employing the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model, we investigate the relationships between image attributes (S) and image emotions (O), and between image emotions (O) and campaign outcomes (R). We developed and trained a deep neural network model to identify the emotions conveyed in the images, and then implemented it to analyze project images from a popular crowdfunding platform. We applied the obtained image emotions together with the objective image attributes and the project outcome metrics to explore from a design perspective, what image attributes evoke image emotions, and how image emotions are related to the success of charity fundraising projects. Our results confirm these relationships and further suggest that the roles of image emotions on the success of crowdfunding campaigns vary with project characteristics such as the project budget and category. In addition, the image emotions of competing projects on the crowdfunding platform were found to reduce the project’s performance. In an extended study, we conducted an online randomized controlled experiment by manipulating image attributes to reexamine the causal relationships and verify the mediating roles of positive and negative empathies between image emotions and campaign outcomes. This research contributes to the charity fundraising literature from a novel perspective of emotions in project images. It presents new and unique findings regarding the mediation roles of positive and negative empathies and the limitations of the emotion of sadness in certain types of charity fundraising. In addition, our findings provide useful insights for practitioners seeking to design successful online charity campaigns.
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De Vito, Andrea, Agnese Colpani, Beatrice Zauli, Maria Chiara Meloni, Marco Fois, Vito Fiore, Giovanni Antonio Pintus, Vincenzo Gesualdo Nardi, Sergio Babudieri, and Giordano Madeddu. "How Little Do We Know about HIV and STIs Prevention? Results from a Web-Based Survey among the General Population." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061059.
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Background: Prevention campaigns have led to a significant decrease in new HIV diagnoses in Western Europe, while other sexual transmitted infections (STIs) have shown an opposite trend. Several educational programs are promoted among young students, whereas informational campaigns addressing the general population are scarce. We aimed to investigate the level of awareness regarding STIs among the general population. Methods: We proposed a questionnaire regarding STIs and HIV to the general population in Italy. We assigned 1 point to correct, 0.5 point to partially correct, and 0 point to wrong answers. We collected data about age, sex, region of origin, level of education and whether they were health workers. Results: Overall, 2183 people answered the questionnaire, of which 555 aged over 50 years old. Being male, older than 50 years old, retired or unemployed, not educated, and no regular use of condoms were associated with lower scores. Only 16% of participants knew the Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) campaign. Overall, 2131 (97.6%) people think more educational campaigns should be offered. Of interest, 80% said the questionnaire led them to learn more about HIV and STIs. Conclusion: Our study reveals several gaps in general population awareness about HIV and STIs, especially among people aged over 50 years old. Most participants stated that the questionnaire was a learning opportunity. These data suggest that improvement of knowledge could start from easy-to-dispose medium, such as surveys and questionnaires delivered through social media. Furthermore, particular attention should be paid to population segmentation and campaign tailoring to enhance interventions effectiveness. Our data reinforce the need for more informational and educational campaigns tailored to the specific segments of the population.
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Childs, Michelle, Hongjoo Woo, and Seeun Kim. "Sincerity or ploy? An investigation of corporate social responsibility campaigns." Journal of Product & Brand Management 28, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-07-2018-1953.
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Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) campaigns have become increasingly popular among fashion apparel brands to reduce environmental impacts of their operations and position themselves as sustainable. In light of attribution theory, this paper aims to investigate how aspects of a CSR campaign affect consumers’ perceptions of brand authenticity, brand attitudes and CSR attitudes. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a 2 (brand image: sustainable vs disposable brand) × 2 (message source: brand website vs news article) between-subjects experimental design with random assignment to conditions and manipulation checks. Findings When exposed to messages about CSR campaigns, consumers have more favorable perceptions of brand authenticity, brand attitudes and CSR attitudes for a sustainable brand than for a disposable brand, particularly when consumers view information about a CSR campaign on the brand’s website. However, this is not true for disposable brands when CSR campaigns are promoted through a news source. Practical implications Sustainable brands can derive benefits by strategically partnering with causes through CSR campaigns, particularly when their campaigns are promoted through their brand’s website (vs news source). However, brands that offer disposable products (e.g. fast fashion brands) should exercise caution when implementing these campaigns; CSR campaigns may confuse customers as they do not align with the everyday practices of disposable brands. Originality/value As the apparel industry faces increased scrutiny for negative impacts on the environment, this study helps to understand whether customers perceive CSR campaigns as trustworthy and authentic, or as ploys aimed at creating more positive brand images.
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Febiola Tampubolon, Stevanie, and Julia Ivanna. "Black Campaign tactics in Shaping Perception Voter Beginner (Case Study: Helvetia Village, Medan Sunggal District , North Sumatera)." Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 5, no. 02 (April 30, 2024): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v5i02.22732.
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A black campaign can be interpreted as a deliberate attempt to undermine an opponent using baseless negative arguments. Traditionally, black campaigns were conducted through whisper campaigns, spreading rumors from person to person. However, these campaigns have become more sophisticated with the use of electronic media. This study employs a qualitative method, conducting interviews and referencing additional journal sources. The research findings indicate that black campaigns are not only manifested in the form of posters or banners, as observed in the village of Srigading, but also frequently occur on social media. Social media exerts a significant impact on society, especially among younger generations who are the primary consumers. The influence of social media as an educational communication medium allows users to express opinions and share information with one another.