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1
Silva, Sara Uchoa Araújo. "Entre o formal e o informal: as ZEIS como instrumento do planejamento urbano na Subprefeitura de Itaquera." Latitude 13, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 121–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/lte.2019.n.2.9135.
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A ideia do informal é comumente assimilada ao seu aspecto de negação. A informalidade tem sido entendida como diametralmente oposta ao que é formal e, no campo dos estudos urbanos, esse antagonismo é utilizado como estratégia discursiva para medidas práticas no território. Entendendo as regulações urbanas como o elemento a cindir a membrana porosa entre o formal e o informal no espaço, as Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS) surgem, então, como fruto da luta popular pela legitimidade dos assentamentos informais dentro do planejamento urbano formal. A partir da análise das ZEIS, da sua efetividade enquanto instrumento jurídico e espacial, foi possível vislumbrar como o poder público pensa a informalidade urbana articulada ao planejamento da cidade. Em São Paulo, inserida no contexto do capitalismo periférico, a utilização da Subprefeitura de Itaquera, como estudo de caso, se deu por ilustrar, por um lado, as transformações recentes na lógica de estruturação da cidade e, por outro, de um modelo de produção do espaço onde a informalidade urbana se apresenta mais como regra do que exceção.AbstractThe idea of the informal is commonly assimilated to its opposite. The informality has been understood as diametrically opposed to what is formal and, in the urban studies, this antagonism is used a discursive strategy for intervention in the territory. Once you see urban regulations as the element that breaks up the porous membrane between “the formal” and “the informal” in urban territory, the Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS, in Brazil) are the result of the popular struggle for the legitimacy of informal settlements within formal urban planning. From the analysis of ZEIS, of its effectiveness as a legal and spatial instrument, it was possible to understand how the State thinks the urban informality, articulated to the city planning. In São Paulo, in the context of peripheral capitalism, the choice of region of Itaquera as case study it’s because its territory shows the recent transformations in the structuring logic of the city and a model of space production where urban informality is more a rule than an exception.
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Clichevsky, Nora. "Informalidad y regularización del suelo urbano en América Latina: algunas reflexiones." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2007v9n2p55.
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Este artigo mostra as dificuldades de acesso ao solo por parte da população urbana pobre da América Latina e os resultados da implementação de Programas de regularização, que procuram solucionar a situação da população que mora de maneira informal nas cidades e áreas metropolitanas. Tais Programas têm surgido a partir da existência da irregularidade/ilegalidade/informalidade nas formas de ocupação do solo e de construção do habitat urbano. Compõem o artigo uma introdução, um capítulo sobre a informalidade urbana, outro sobre as políticas de regularização, tanto de propriedades quanto de melhoramento de bairros e, finalmente, reflexões sobre a implementação dessas políticas e seu impacto sobre a população objeto de sua aplicação.Palavras-chave: informalidade urbana; regularização urbana; legalização dominial; melhoramento de bairros. Abstract: This article discusses the difficulties of land access of poor urban population in Latin America and the results of the implementation of regulation Programs which tend to solve the situation of the population that inhabits informally in the cities and Latin American metropolitan areas. These Programs have started from the existence of irregularity/ illegality/ informality on land occupation and the construction of the urban habitat. The article consists of an introduction, a section on the urban informal act, other about the regulation policies, as per tenant purposes as improvement of neighborhoods and finally reflections on the implementation of such policies and the impacts on the population that are objective of them.Keywords: urban informality; urban regulation; legalization; improvement of neighborhoods.
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Bordignon, Gabriel Barros, Jacinta Francisco Dias, and Alefe Abraão da Silva dos Santos. "COVID-19 E INFORMALIDADE URBANA: diálogos entre Moçambique e Brasil." Revista de Políticas Públicas 25, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v25n1p104-129.
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O presente artigo investiga a questão da informalidade urbana no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 em Moçambique e Brasil através de um diálogo entre as cidades de Pemba (Cabo Delgado) e Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro), que revela a grande disparidade socioeconômica, política e conjuntural entre os dois países. A pesquisa se apoia em revisão bibliográfica e documental de produções científicas, relatórios nacionais e internacionais, dados censitários governamentais e institucionais, entrevistas informais e cobertura midiática a respeito da questão da informalidade urbana e da pandemia de COVID-19 nos dois países. O trabalho reflete sobre as condições de cumprimento das recomendações hegemônicas, centradas na OMS; apresenta cenários atuais e dados gerais;eanalisa discursos oficiais e ações governamentais no que se refere às posturas frente à pandemia.Por fim,demonstracomo a presença da informalidade urbana histórica, dadas as condições socioeconômicas e posturaserráticasdos poderes públicos,são questões determinantes para a situação da saúde pública e das vidas das populações em Moçambique e Brasil no contexto pandêmico, apontando para a necessidade de políticas públicas integradas, abrangentes, e que contemplem, também, especificidades locais.COVID-19 AND URBAN INFORMALITY: dialogues between Mozambique and BrazilAbstractThe present article investigates the urban informality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique and Brazil through a dialogue between the cities of Pemba (Cabo Delgado) and Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro), which reveals the great socioeconomic, political and conjuncture disparity between the two countries. The research is supported by bibliographic and documentary review of scientific productions, national and international reports, government and institutional census data, informal interviews and media coverage on the issue of urban informality and the COVID-19 pandemic in both countries. The work reflects on the conditions of compliance with the hegemonic recommendations, centered on the WHO/OMS(PT); presents current scenarios and general data; and analyzes official speeches and governmental actions with regard to the attitudes to the pandemic. Finally, it demonstrates how the presence of historic urban informality, given the socioeconomic conditions and erratic postures of public authorities, are decisive for the situation of public health and the lives of populations in Mozambique and Brazil in the pandemic context, pointing to the need for integrated, comprehensive public policies that also include local specificities.Keywords: COVID-19. Informality. Mozambique. Brazil
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De Nardis, Silvia. "Il riuso informale dei vuoti urbani. Il caso di Porto Fluviale Occupato a Roma." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 128 (July 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2022-128004.
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Nelle città contemporanee aumentano spazi abbandonati e in disuso che spesso trovano nuova vita nelle azioni dal basso. Il contributo si concentra sul tema del riuso informale dei vuoti della città come strumento di sviluppo sociale e urbano, aprendo una riflessione sul ruolo dell'azione spontanea dei cittadini nelle logiche formali della città. Le pratiche urbane informali di riuso possono attivare processi di ricomposizione semantica e ri-territorializzazione in risposta all'odierna frammentazione socio-spaziale. Esse si connettono alle finalità dei processi di rigenerazione urbana e richiamano l'idea di un progetto collettivo per la città. Il contributo analizza il caso del riuso informale di Porto Fluviale a Roma.
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Chien, Ker-hsuan. "Entrepreneurialising urban informality: Transforming governance of informal settlements in Taipei." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (October 18, 2017): 2886–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017726739.
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Informality is a common urban experience among cities in the Global South. Given the thin social welfare and weak regulations, the urban subaltern has therefore had to improvise housing and employment in order to survive. Urban informality is hence conceived as a negotiation process through which spatial value is produced. However, under the current wave of urban entrepreneurialisation, informality is often deemed to be inefficient and unproductive in the new economy that the local governments are trying to build. Many of the informal settlements have been subject to demolition in order to make room for new urban development projects. With the cases of waterfront regeneration projects in Taipei, this paper argues that entrepreneurialism and informality are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Rather, through their co-evolution, urban informality actually contributes to the variegation of urban entrepreneurialism. This paper demonstrates how the urban squatters have managed to re-engage informality and urban development by actively participating in the shaping of the entrepreneurial discourses, reinventing their informal settlements as a key feature that contributes to the city’s economic development. However, although this entwining of entrepreneurialism and informality has brought new opportunities to the informal settlements, it has at the same time presented new threats to their current way of life. By focusing on the entrepreneurialising of urban informality, this paper offers a grounded perspective on the ways in which the urban subaltern has reacted to the unfolding urban entrepreneurialism in Taiwan.
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Oliveira, Samuel Silva Rodrigues de. "A imaginação da informalidade urbana e dos trabalhadores no Rio de Janeiro e em Belo Horizonte: uma análise dos censos de favelas (1948-1965)." Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) 23, no. 50 (August 2022): 540–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-101x02305010.
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RESUMO O artigo analisa os censos de favelas do Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte, observando a circulação de categorias sociais e técnicas de governo na compreensão da informalidade urbana na industrialização brasileira. Prioriza a compreensão das estatísticas formadas no sistema censitário do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) entre 1948 e 1965. As categorias estatísticas para representar as favelas em números estavam inscritas em relações de poder, e através dos censos ocorriam debates sobre as políticas de “desfavelamento” das cidades e a imagem do “trabalhador favelado”. Por meio das estatísticas, a imaginação da favela carioca foi nacionalizada como “problema urbano” e “habitacional” do desenvolvimento urbano-industrial brasileiro.
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Juwita, Ruth Dea, and Yohanes Basuki Dwisusanto. "Spatial integration of urban informality in Jakarta." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 7, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v7i3.1663.
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Urban informality is an everyday life phenomenon in Jakarta but has not been extensively discussed, especially in relation to spatial design practice. This is important because formality and informality are not entirely separate but rather interconnected and complementary (Moatasim, 2019). It has also been discovered that on-street informality such as street vending demonstrates the existence and trend of urban space and also acts as the most visible manifestation of the informal economy. Therefore, this research focuses on investigating the integration of urban informality with special attention to its influence on the spatial or architectural aspects. This was achieved through the qualitative method which involves the application of a phenomenological paradigm by participating in the street vending and informal economy on Thamrin 10, Jalan H. Agus Salim, and Jalan Percetakan Negara streets in Jakarta. The results showed that informality is present at different degrees of contemporary urban life and there is a pressing spatial demand for such activities. Moreover, it was discovered that spatial integration of urban informality has the ability to sustain and catalyse greater urban frameworks, including the activities of the formal sector.
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Müller, Frank I. "Urban informality as a signifier: Performing urban reordering in suburban Rio de Janeiro." International Sociology 32, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917701585.
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Urban informality is typically ascribed to the urban poor in cities of the Global South. Drawing on Judith Butler’s concept of performativity and taking the case of Rio de Janeiro in the context of the 2016 Olympic Games, this article conceptualizes informality as a signifier and a procedural, relational category. Specifically, it shows how different class actors have employed the signifier informality (1) to legitimize the confinement of marginalized populations; (2) to justify the organized efforts of the upper middle class to protect their ‘self-enclosed’ gated communities; and (3) to warrant the formation of opposition and alliances between inhabitants, activists, and researchers on the edges of the urban order. This article offers new perspectives to better understand the relationship between informality and confinement by examining the active role that inhabitants of marginalized settlements assume in the Olympic City.
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Acuto, Michele, Cecilia Dinardi, and Colin Marx. "Transcending (in)formal urbanism." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018810602.
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In this introduction to the special issue ‘Transcending (in)formal urbanism’ we outline the important place that informal urbanism has acquired in urban theorising, and an agenda to further this standing towards an even more explicit role in defining how we research cities. We note how informality has frequently been perceived as the formal’s ‘other’ implying a necessary ‘othering’ of informality that creates dualisms between formal and informal, a localised informal and a globalising formal, or an informal resistance and a formal neoliberal control, that this special issue seeks to challenge. The introduction, and the issue, aim to prompt a dialogue across a diversity of disciplinary approaches still rarely in communication, with the goal of going beyond (‘transcending’) the othering of informality for the benefit of a more inclusive urban theory contribution. The introduction suggests three related steps that could help with transcending dualisms in the understanding of informality: first, to transcend the disciplinary boundaries that limit informal urbanism to the study of housing or the labour market; second, to transcend the way in which informality is understood as separate from the domain of the formal (processes, institutions, mechanisms); and, third, to transcend the way in which informality is so tightly held in relation to understandings of neoliberalism. Challenging where the confines of urban studies might be, we argue for informality to better serve and broaden the community of urban research towards a more global urban theorising, starting from situated experiences and including cross-disciplinary experimentation.
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Sarmiento, Hugo, and Chris Tilly. "Governance Lessons from Urban Informality." Politics and Governance 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1169.
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We locate this issue’s papers on a spectrum of radicalism. We then examine that spectrum, and the governance mechanisms described, through the lens of a significant arena of urban counter-planning: the urban informal economy. Drawing on our own research on self-organization by informal workers and settlers, as well as broader literatures, we suggest useful lessons for reinventing urban governance.
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AOKI, Hideo. "Urban Informality and Exceptional Situation:." Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology 2019, no. 37 (September 5, 2019): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5637/jpasurban.2019.45.
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Hackenbroch, Kirsten. "Urban Informality and Negotiated Space." disP - The Planning Review 47, no. 187 (January 2011): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2011.10654019.
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Pasquetti, Silvia, and Giovanni Picker. "Urban informality and confinement: Toward a relational framework." International Sociology 32, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917701605.
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In the 21st century, a growing number of people live ‘informal’ lives within fissures between legality and informality. Concomitantly, power relations are increasingly expressed through devices of confinement. While urban informality and confinement are on the rise often occurring simultaneously, scholars have so far studied them separately. By contrast, this article proposes a new framework for analysing urban informality and confinement relationally. It generates new insights into the role of informality in the (re)production of confinement and, vice versa, the role of confinement in shaping informal practices. While these insights are valuable for urban studies in general, the article charts new lines of research on urban marginality. It also discusses how the six articles included in this special issue signal the heuristic potential of this relational framework by empirically examining distinct urban configurations of ‘confined informalities’ and ‘informal confinements’ across the Global North and the Global South.
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Tyaghita Cesarin, Binar, Himasari Hanan, and Agus Suharjono Ekomadyo. "Urban Design Dimension Of Informality At The Perimeter Of Brawijaya University And UIN Maliki Malang." SHS Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184107005.
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Informality is one of the commonly emerged issues in urban design which rarely explored, especially informality within university’s perimeter. Brawijaya as one of the biggest and oldest University in Malang over time has boosted the development of several of its perimeter, provided several hotspots for students and youth. These rapid hotspots growth is related to the growth of informal practices. For cities that developed by its universities, it is necessary to understand both of the formal and informal practices within its perimeter. Through this study I would like to know the characteristic of informality within university perimeter, which formed by Brawijaya, UIN Maliki, and ITN; and to frame it within Carmona’s Urban Design Dimension. Mapping is utilized as a primary method to analyze both formal and informality within site. The formal aspect consists of formal activities, function and site user. While informality mapper consists of street vendors and street art. The research found that while urban informality within Brawijaya and UIN Maliki are related to the character and morphology, its formal structure has; its relation is reciprocal. The morphological, visual and functional dimension of university perimeter is driven by the social, perceptual and temporal dimension formed by its user and showed through informality.
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Kamalipour, Hesam, and Nastaran Peimani. "Towards an Informal Turn in the Built Environment Education: Informality and Urban Design Pedagogy." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 4163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154163.
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Informal urbanism, ranging from informal settlements to trading and transport, has become integral, but not limited, to the ways in which cities of the global South work. At stake here is the role of the built environment professions in responding to informal urbanism where a poor understanding of the complexities of informality can lead to poor design interventions. Providing a better understanding of how forms of informality work is then a key task for the built environment education, which arguably falls short in this regard. With a particular focus on urban design, we suggest that it is critical to move towards an informal turn in the built environment education to address informality and engage with the dynamics of informal urbanism. We first investigate the scope of urban design and then explore the ways in which urban design education can respond to informal urbanism in its curricula by developing an urban design program on informality as an illustration. The suggested approach can be considered as an initial step towards an informal turn in urban design education. We conclude that while urban design alone cannot solve social and economic problems, including poverty and inequality, its capacity to address the complex challenges of urbanization cannot be overlooked. Urban design education cannot remain isolated from the questions of informality anymore.
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Thulare, Mpendulo Harold, Inocent Moyo, and Sifiso Xulu. "Systematic Review of Informal Urban Economies." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 11414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011414.
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Amid globalization and market liberalization, urban informality has continued to grow in leaps and bounds in many parts of the world. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies conducted on urban economic informality at various geopolitical contexts to provide an update on the current state of knowledge in the urban informal economy-related research. A total number of 290 studies were sourced from various academic sources; however, a total number of 166 research papers satisfied the requirements of this review paper. The findings of this paper show that research on the urban informal economy has grown from 2000 to 2021, which is a 22-year period in which this review paper was based. The main themes of urban economic informality research depict it as a multifaceted system that is constituted by inputs, processes and outputs that have linkages with the formal economy. Based on these findings, it is recommended that more research should focus on how to integrate research on urban economic informality into the broader agenda of sustainable development.
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Geraldi, Juliano. "Subsidiariedade e planejamento urbano em contextos comparados: uma análise entre Portugal, Itália e Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 15, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2013v15n2p139.
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O presente ensaio tem como objetivo compreender como o conceito de subsidiariedade opera os instrumentos de planejamento urbano em contextos comparados. Entendemos que o que se deve estabelecer como ponto de partida não é uma simples análise do grau de descentralização e participação dos países escolhidos, mas sim de como se dá a relação entre Estado e sociedade no planejamento urbano. A escolha de Portugal, Itália e Brasil para a análise comparada se dá por representarem as três formas de organização vertical do Poder: unitária, regional e federativa. Para a interpretação dos casos decidiu-se por diferenciar subsidiariedade vertical de subsidiariedade horizontal na utilização dos parâmetros de análise, nomeadamente: os sujeitos, os objetos e as asserções normativas.Palavras-chave: subsidiariedade; planejamento urbano; Portugal; Itália; Brasil. Abstract: A principal way of accessing housing for the urban poor in Buenos Aires is through the illegal occupation of land, thereby creating informal settlements. This article examines the development of informality, patterns of social mobility and residential trajectories within and between informal settlements in Argentina’s capital in recent decades. Using survey and interview data among residents in a variety of informal settlements complemented with field observation and secondary data, it is shown that there is much variation in dwellers’ perspectives and the strategies they employ to secure their tenure and livelihoods. Furthermore, it is shown how government policy and law condition not only the emergence of informality, but also the particular shape it takes. Keywords: subsidiarity; urban planning; Portugal; Italy; Brazil.
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Higueras García, Ester, and María Cristina García-González. "VI Congreso Internacional ISUF-H. Forma urbana y resiliencia: los desafíos de salud integral y el cambio climático." Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, no. 142 (June 26, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.142.4882.
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ResumenEste número especial consta de una selección de las ponencias que serán presentadas en el Congreso ISUF-H 2022, que tendrá lugar en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid del 29 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 2022. El ISUF-H es la red regional de la organización ISUF para los países de lengua española. Dedicado a la forma urbana y la resiliencia ante los desafíos actuales de salud integral y el cambio climático, presenta seis líneas de investigación: Forma urbana, vivienda y resiliencia, Forma urbana y ciudades saludables, Procesos urbanos, resiliencia y regeneración urbana, Espacios públicos para la inclusión, equidad y resiliencia, Espacios peri-urbanos, Infraestructura verde y azul para la resiliencia y adaptación al cambio climático y Urbanismo, informalidad autoconstrucción y riesgos. AbstractThis special issue consists of a selection of the papers that will be presented at the ISUF-H 2022 Congress, which will take place at the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid from September 29 to October 1, 2022. The ISUF-H, International Hispanic Seminar on Urban Form is the ISUF regional network for Spanish-speaking countries. Dedicated to the urban form and resilience to the current challenges of comprehensive health and climate change, it presents six lines of research: Urban Form, Housing and Resilience, Urban Form and Healthy Cities, Urban Processes, Resilience and urban regeneration, Public spaces for inclusion, equity and resilience, Peri-urban spaces, green and blue infrastructure for resilience and adaptation to climate change and Urbanism, self-construction informality and risks.
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Cardoso, Adalberto. "INFORMALITY AND PUBLIC POLICIES TO OvERCOME IT. THE CASE OF BRAZIL." Sociologia & Antropologia 6, no. 2 (August 2016): 321–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752016v622.
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The article states that most of the policy recommendations made by international agencies adopt a sometimes naïve perspective about the nature of informality. It proposes an innovative approach that defines informality as a social form of work that is shaped when workers get on the move to obtain means of existence in environments where almost everything is informal (housing, urban infrastructure services, personal relationships etc.). After reviewing the main policies to combat informality adopted by Brazil in recent years, it argues that a significant portion of the "informal" will never formalize because it is rooted in the very urban experience of a significant proportion of the population, of which informality is a structuring element.
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Pratt, Andy. "Formality as exception." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (December 20, 2018): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018810600.
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In this commentary piece, we are reminded that naming (in-formality) is an inherently political act. Informality is discussed through a number of dimensions: conceptually in relation to the term ‘formal’; considering its (ordinary) presence in the city; discussing the recognition and devaluation of the informal economy; and pointing to the contribution it makes to the global economy. Analytically, it is argued that informality requires a balancing concept of the formal; politically, informality is ‘the Other’, bound into a teleological relationship with the formal, but unable to ever achieve it. As such, informality is tied to and legitimates the ‘formal’. By reviewing the ontological critique and epistemological diversions deployed by some of the articles of this special issue, the commentary shows that the informal economy is not a ‘residual’ category but one that encompasses the majority of the human experience (urban and non-urban). In this sense, it puts forward the suggestion of viewing formality as exception and informality as the norm, for it is difficult to imagine a totally formal activity with no informality. Informality, then, should be interpreted as a hybrid of what is termed formal and informal. In all its varieties, it is shown that informality constitutes the everyday of the city. Yet, this commentary also calls to resist generalisations so as to be able to ‘see’ particular timed and placed informalities that exist in relation to a wider (local) social, political and economic setting, as well as a global one.
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Dwisusanto, Yohannes Basuki, and Ruth Dea Juwita. "MATERIALISE THIRDSPACE THROUGH SOCIO-SPATIAL INTEGRATION (Cases of Study: Thamrin 10, Jalan H. Agus Salim, Jalan Percetakan Negara, and Jalan Kramat Raya)." DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) 49, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.49.2.105-116.
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Urban informality is a phenomenon of everyday life in Jakarta but has not been extensively discussed, especially in spatial design practice. Previous study shows that informal space in the city is shaped by economic activities and urban opportunities heavily influence the flow of urbanisation in Indonesia. The study aims to examine the materialisation of Thirdspace through the forms of socio-spatial integration using Henri Lefebvre’s Production of Space (1991) and Edward Soja’s Thirdspace (2010). The use of theory connects the case study with other bodies of work in architecture that are looking to develop understandings of how spatial, social, and other urban contexts might be challenged and intertwined in urban informality. Using their respective body of work, the study is conducted in the four selected objects of study: Thamrin 10, Jalan H. Agus Salim, Jalan Percetakan Negara, and Jalan Kramat Raya. The findings reveal that the concrete abstraction of Thirdspace emerges in everyday life through urban informality, materialised by informal actors. The materialisation of Thirdspace is possible due to (1) participation of informal actors, (2) space occupied by informal actors, and (3) activities conducted by informal actors. As abstraction will become true in practice, socio-spatial integration of urban informality is an abstraction that becomes true through social and spatial practice.
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Wu, Yue, Yi Zhang, Zexu Han, Siyuan Zhang, and Xiangyi Li. "Examining the Planning Policies of Urban Villages Guided by China’s New-Type Urbanization: A Case Study of Hangzhou City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 16596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416596.
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Planning policies have greatly influenced the development of urban villages, an informal phenomenon in which rural settlements are encircled by urban environments during China’s rapid urbanization process. “The National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014–2020)” of China initiated in 2014 provides a new perspective on planning policy research on China’ urban villages. Hangzhou, a pioneer city that adopts new-type urbanization in China and combines the characteristics of rapid urban growth, mountainous urban terrains, and a long cultural history, serves as a typical case study to compare the planning policies responding to the informality of urban villages guided by traditional and new-type urbanization. This study employed the content analysis method to analyze the evolution of Hangzhou’s planning policies of urban villages since the reform and opening up and used one-way ANOVA to analyze the differences in rental levels among the urban villages developed under the planning policies of different urbanization stages, aiming to compare the influences of planning policies guided by traditional and new-type urbanization on urban village development. The results indicate that the policies allowing some degree of informality in the new-type urbanization stage achieve a higher rental level for urban villages than the policies of the traditional urbanization stages that restrict and prevent informality. The findings of this research suggest that informality may provide advantages that formality cannot replace and provides important policy implications for rapidly urbanizing countries.
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Harris, Richard. "Modes of Informal Urban Development." Journal of Planning Literature 33, no. 3 (November 28, 2017): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412217737340.
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The concept of informality has often been misunderstood. Its, especially, urban character is rarely appreciated. With respect to urban development, it was once thought to distinguish the Global South, a view that is changing, but an alternative has not been systematically articulated. Based on an extensive survey of literatures, this article clarifies the urban character of informality, articulates its global relevance, and proposes a framework for understanding its major modes: latent, diffuse, embedded, overt, and dominant. Their relative frequency distinguishes cities, regions, and nations while their identification facilitates the comparison of places.
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Tostensen, Arne. "Reconsidering Informality: Perspectives from Urban Africa." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29, no. 2 (June 2005): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00600_3.x.
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Magure, Booker. "Interpreting Urban Informality in Chegutu, Zimbabwe." Journal of Asian and African Studies 50, no. 6 (June 10, 2014): 650–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909614535568.
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Marais, Lochner, John Ntema, Jan Cloete, and Anita Venter. "From informality to formality to informality: Extralegal land transfers in an upgraded informal settlement of South Africa." Urbani izziv 25, Supplement (July 1, 2014): S148—S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2014-25-supplement-011.
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Corbisiero, Fabio, and Luigi Delle Cave. "Comunità resilienti e qualità della vita: il caso del centro storico di Napoli." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 124 (March 2021): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2021-124004.
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L'articolo propone un'analisi della resilienza di comunità in uno specifico spazio urbano: il centro storico di Napoli. Partendo dai risultati di una survey sulla percezione della qualità della vita degli abitanti del centro antico della città, le riflessioni proposte si spingono fino ad approfondire la capacità dei cittadini di rispondere a problematiche sociali attraverso pratiche di resilenza urbana, "mediate" talvolta da organizzazioni non profit, talvolta da un fitto tessuto di relazioni "informali" tra gli abitanti del quartiere.
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Canclini, Néstor García. "A culture of informality." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018782635.
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This article offers an ethnographic account of informality, showing the complicity between the formal sector and the informal economy. Taking the reader on a car journey of urban disorganisation and traffic jams in Mexico City, the analysis shows how informality has become part of an everyday social contract. It is argued that the diverse world of informal practices, working as a popular survival strategy, is also entrenched in the workings of formal institutions, which draw on under-the-counter agreements and exchanges with the illegal economy, be that in the construction of public works in the city, in film and clothes piracy or in the public provision of water, transport, light or Internet services. The global hegemonic system could not function without these agreements: the transition from informality to illegality is slippery. If Mexico City is a global city it is not just for participating in the networks of transnational corporations, consulting firms and international tourism; it is also because of its networks with super brands in legal and illegal production. The article concludes by suggesting that an informal system of production, transactions and distribution of goods and services linking entrepreneurs from all continents can position the city on a global scale through non-hegemonic globalisation.
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Shrestha, Anushiya, Dilli P. Poudel, and Jonathan Ensor. "INCLUSIVE POLICIES, EXCLUSIONARY PRACTICES: UNFOLDING THE PARADOX OF PROLONGED URBAN INFORMALITY DEBATES IN URBANISING NEPAL." New Angle: Nepal journal of social science and public policy 7, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53037/na.v7i1.66.
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Social inclusion and poverty alleviation are central to the United Nations (UN) new urban agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Goal 11 on sustainable cities and communities. In Nepal, the goal of the National Urban Agenda is to “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, sustainable and smart to enhance their ability to provide decent jobs and adequate housing, infrastructure and services to the ever-growing urban population”. Against this backdrop, many international and national non-governmental organisations and the national federations of informal settlers in Nepal have been advocating for the rights of urban informal settlers to be included in the urban planning processes. In response, the Nepal government has formulated new policies to assess the “authenticity” of informal settlers and accelerate the informal to formal transition process. Drawing from the textual analysis of existing national policies, literature and media publications, in this paper, we document what (dis)connections and contradictions exist in the formal policies and interventions that the national government has designed for addressing urban informality issue and how they frame urban informality issues and the solutions to manage the same. Our analysis shows that although government policies are rhetorically inclusive and progressive, indicating a desire to resolve informality issues, policies issued by different ministries and departments are disconnected. We also find that the practices often contradict the policies, and attempts to secure transitions to formality are undermined by a failure to recognise the legitimate stake that informal settlers have in the process. We conclude by discussing how these contradictions and inconsistencies can potentially be redirected towards socially just urban transition and suggesting ways forward for addressing the protracted urban informality issue in Nepal.
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Evans, Allison. "Tent encampments in Toronto, Canada: Excavating Northern housing informalities." Radical Housing Journal 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54825/zxlp1314.
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This paper examines the ambiguities of municipal state regulation in relation to the dwelling practices of Toronto’s unhoused population. This paper argues tent encampments are a persistent mode of urban informality in the global North, where tents and other small structures provide a source of housing, particularly in cities with limited housing options. Using the City of Toronto as a case study, this paper analyzes how urban informality is reproduced and mediated by state policies, protocols, and actors. The findings suggest the local state—at times ambiguous and negotiated relative to an array of actors, property relations, and desirable formalities—routinely clears encampments from public property. The city’s enforcement and regulatory regime often removes tent encampments without rehousing people, thus contributing to cyclical patterns of informal urbanization. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research to better understand the similarities, differences, and nuances of this mode of urban informality in global North cities and to open the regulatory and policy field to options beyond criminalization.
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Bunnell, Tim, and Andrew Harris. "Re-viewing informality: perspectives from urban Asia." International Development Planning Review 34, no. 4 (January 2012): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2012.21.
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Roy, Ananya. "Urban Informality: Toward an Epistemology of Planning." Journal of the American Planning Association 71, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944360508976689.
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Kamete, Amin Y. "On handling urban informality in southern africa." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 95, no. 1 (March 2013): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geob.12007.
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Kwak, Nancy H. "Urban informality in the Global North: a view from Los Angeles." Esboços: histórias em contextos globais 28, no. 47 (March 30, 2021): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2021.e76639.
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Urban informality is often discussed and debated by scholars of cities in the Global South, but the term is used with much less frequency in studies of US cities. Looking at the daily functions of American cities, however, it is clear informality plays just as central a role in the US as in other cities around theworld, whether in the housing sector, jobs, or land use. This article will discuss the longer historical arc leading to the present day with a focus on specific historical moments in Los Angeles history. I begin with the emergence of formalization and land titles in an era of colonization, continuing to a discussion of early-twentieth century land rights specifically in the communities of Chavez Ravine, and end with an exploration of urban informality in Skid Row.
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Batréau, Quentin, and Francois Bonnet. "Managed Informality: Regulating Street Vendors in Bangkok." City & Community 15, no. 1 (March 2016): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12150.
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The article focuses on the relationship between street vendors and local authorities in Bangkok. We examine the goals, the means, and the effects of everyday regulation of street vending. We document how the district administration produces and maintains informality by creating a parallel set of rules where street vendors enjoy negligible rents and little competition. We provide detailed empirical evidence on earnings, rents, fines, and rules regarding commercial real estate. The district administration's policy of “managed informality” results in a situation where more established informal vendors control less established ones. We hypothesize in the conclusion that the district administration's parallel legal system adjusts to the population's expectations in a political system where the law has little popular support.
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Samper, Jota, Jennifer A. Shelby, and Dean Behary. "The Paradox of Informal Settlements Revealed in an ATLAS of Informality: Findings from Mapping Growth in the Most Common Yet Unmapped Forms of Urbanization." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 9510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229510.
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Informal settlements are the most common form of urbanization on the planet, accounting for one-third of the total urban form. It is expected that by the mid twenty-first century, up to three billion people will live in informal urban environments. However, we lack a consistent mapping method to pinpoint where that informality is located or how it expands. This paper presents the findings from a collection of standardized measurements of 260 informal settlements across the world. The main research goal is to identify a standard global sample of informal neighborhoods. It then focuses on mapping urban growth with remote sensing and direct mapping tools. The third stage classifies settlements based on how adjacency features such as development, topography, or bodies of water relate to their growth. The survey of growth corroborates the idea of informality as expanding geography, although at different rates than previously cited in the literature. We found peri-urban location to be a suitable estimator of informal settlement growth. This finding validates the comparison of multiple settlements to understand rates of change of urban informality worldwide. The findings here are vital to resolve important questions about the role of informal urban development in the context of accelerated global population growth.
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Calogero, Pietro, and Stefan Schütte. "Informalität von oben und unten." sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung 6, no. 2/3 (November 28, 2018): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36900/suburban.v6i2/3.422.
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Stadtentwicklung in der afghanischen Hauptstadt Kabul nach der westlichen Intervention ist gekennzeichnet von der Verschränkung einer durch Staatsaufbau nach westlichem Vorbild gesteuerten Logik und der sich in diesem Rahmen ausbreitenden Aneignung des städtischen Raumes durch ganz verschiedene Akteure. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird das Ziel verfolgt, stadträumliche Entwicklungsprozesse in Kabul nach 2001 genauer in den Blick zu nehmen und mit jüngeren Debatten um urbane Informalität im globalen Süden zu verknüpfen. Dabei werden verschiedene, aufeinander bezogene Regime der Stadtplanung und ihre Raumproduktionen unter der Linse urbaner Informalität genauer betrachtet. Es soll herausgearbeitet werden, wie eine Herstellung und Zementierung städtischer Ungleichheit forciert wird, wie bestimmte soziale Dispositionen und Praktiken im Kontext von Informalität charakterisiert werden und wie urbane Informalität gezielt als Ressource zur Macht- und Wohlstandsaneignung eingesetzt werden kann.
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Suau, Cristian. "Transgressive Urbanism: Borderlands and Urban Informality of American Cities along the Pan-American Highway." Igra ustvarjalnosti - Creativity Game 2013, no. 01 (2013): 068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/iu-cg.2013.01.068-076.
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Lee, Kah-Wee. "Transforming Macau: Planning as Institutionalized Informality and the Spatial Dynamics of Hypercompetition." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 46, no. 11 (January 1, 2014): 2622–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a130007p.
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This paper examines the crucial years between 2002 and 2012 when land enclosures, reclamation works, and architectural production transformed the urban landscape of Macau. Building on the literature on urban informality, I first analyze how planning as institutionalized informality unmapped the city of Macau through a complex medium of neoliberal ethos, technical rationality, and geopolitical calculations. Then, I show how the casino concessionaires remapped the city in a highly competitive milieu by tracing how they maneuvered to secure relative locational advantage. This analysis shows the importance of framing mapping and unmapping as a simultaneous dialectical process so as to render the creative–destructive dynamic of capitalist urban transformation. It also suggests how we can further the analysis of urban planning as an informalized practice and institution.
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Kamalipour, Hesam. "FORMS OF INFORMALITY AND ADAPTATIONS IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.1094.
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Informal settlements have become integral to the urban imagery of the cities across the global South. Forms of urban informality emerge and grow through some generative processes of self-organisation and incremental adaptations. While formal interventions have often failed to put an end to such a resilient and complex type of urbanism, the desire for eradication and demolishment still prevails. Most of the informal settlements can benefit from incremental upgrading and micro-scale design interventions, which then rely on a sophisticated understanding and analysis of informal morphologies and adaptations. However, forms of urban informality and adaptations of informal settlements are relatively understudied. This paper aims to explore informal morphologies and their incremental adaptations drawing on empirical evidence from the case study of Khlong Toei district in Bangkok (Thailand). Direct observation, visual recording, and urban mapping are the key research methods. Five different forms of informality and adaptations have been identified in this study. One of the findings of this study is that informal morphologies emerge in different forms at multiple scales. Another finding of this study is that informal adaptations are often similar across different informal morphologies. The findings of this paper contribute to the growing body of knowledge in urban morphology and informal urbanism.
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Farooqui, Usmaan. "Politics of neutrality: Urban knowledge practices and everyday formalisation in Karachi’s waterscape." Urban Studies 57, no. 12 (October 9, 2019): 2423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872703.
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Formalisation in cities is commonly associated with top-down processes like slum demolition, land titling and economic regulation. By contrast, this article explores processes of everyday formalisation by considering how locally grounded understandings of formality and informality are reproduced. It thus theorises everyday formalisation as a process distinct from state-led formalisation in terms of both the scale (local) and mechanisms (everyday) through which formal/informal dichotomisation occurs. To explore the effects of such everyday formalisation, this article draws on a case study of water access in a low-income settlement of Karachi, Pakistan. Turning attention to everyday practices of water access in the settlement, this article highlights how residents and water board officials understand and enact distinctions between formality and informality through daily knowledge practices and meanings of neutrality. By focusing on everyday formalisation, this article makes two wider contributions to urban theory. First, it demonstrates that urban informality gives rise to diverse lived experiences, not all of which may be characterised as examples of subaltern agency. Secondly, it demonstrates that urban learning and local knowledge generation can be conceptualised not only as tools for urban ‘navigation’, but as distinctive practices that reproduce urban space according to hegemonic categories like formal and informal.
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O. S., Aribdosho Lucky. "Approaches to Informality Integration in Planned Neighbourhoods a Case Study of Eagle Island, Port Harcourt." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38976.
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Abstract: Informality can be improved most effectively when neighborhoods adopt approaches that are pivotal to build on unplanned developments. Typically, the Eagle Island neighborhood in Port Harcourt City Council has been embroiled with forceful eviction and demotions of informal settlement by government in time past over certain fundamental issues affecting planned development, noticeable even till date. This study examined the application of existing pro-poor approaches for integrating informal settlements into neighborhood planned development in Eagle Island neighborhood, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a case study approach with primary data sourced through semi-structured questionnaires administered to 15 senior officials Rivers States Ministries of Lands and Surveys, Urban Development and Lecturers at Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Rivers State University in Port Harcourt representing 75% response rate, while secondary data were mainly from documents from United Nations Human Settlements Programmes. The data collected was qualitatively analyzed using simple percentages with thematic analysis the findings showed that the approaches for integrating informality into formality are locations specific, and not generic for the case of Eagle Island. The approaches includes granting of temporal licenses for settlers to occupy land, removal of anti-informality land laws and politics by government, and provision of laws and policies for integrating informality, government and well-spirited individuals for the intention of providing affordable housing. Therefore, the study concluded that informal settlement should not be considered as an anomaly, but rather incorporating them in the formal system that will necessitate the responses actually needed to address informal settlers, and the needs for the poor to access urban land. Keywords: Informality, Settlement, Approaches, Integration, Neighborhood, Planned Development.
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Varriale, Andrea. "Informal Practices, Formal Regulations - Understanding Informality as Spatial Dialectics." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.136.
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The concept of urban informality, mostly referring to housing or economic activities, is usually used in two different fashions. Some liberal scholars see informality as a primordial forms of entrepreneurialism or as “deep democracy” which is made possible by the ineffectiveness of state’s attempts to regulate the relevant matters. They typically call for a the legalization of informal practices and their integration in state structures. A more critical perspective sees informality as emanating directly from state’s power to define the boundaries of “formality” and to arbitrarily deprive some of its citizens from their rights. The distance between these two interpretations leaves a gap which offers little theoretical foundations for analyses of phenomena of spatial informality which can be understood neither as entirely unrelated to the state, nor as being determined by it. The paper seeks to fill this gap by proposing a third view of informality, which is built upon Lefebvre’s model of “spatial dialectics”.
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Kamete, Amin Y. "Neither friend nor enemy: Planning, ambivalence and the invalidation of urban informality in Zimbabwe." Urban Studies 57, no. 5 (March 14, 2019): 927–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018821588.
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Planning relies on the strict classification and disposition of things in space. Intended to establish and maintain order, planning’s classifying practices are reinforced by binarisms that revolve around legality/illegality. The article deploys Bauman’s notion of the ‘stranger’ to recast hostility to informality as a symptom of antipathy against strangerhood and ambivalence. Drawing from qualitative research in urban Zimbabwe, I posit that because informality cannot be pigeonholed as either ‘friend’ or ‘enemy’, it instils a sense of unease in planners. I argue that this is a failure of the pursuit of order through binary antagonisms and contend that fixation with binarisms spawns ‘spatial undecidables’ and fuels resentment against informality. I propose that the notion of strangerhood complements and extends the concept of ‘gray spacing’.
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Sáinz, J. P. Pérez, and R. Menjívar Larín. "Central American Men and Women in the Urban Informal Sector." Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no. 2 (May 1994): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0001628x.
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One of the research issues which FLACSO (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) has been most interested in is that of the heterogeneity found in the informal world. In a previous study we tried to clarify its presence in the metropolitan cities of Central America and we concluded that, although dynamic economic units orientated towards a logic of accumulation existed, activities orientated towards a logic of subsistence predominated. Thus, a central feature of informality became clear: its inner heterogeneity. This characteristic was previously deemphasised by an improper identification of informality with microenterprise.
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Herrle, Peter, and Josefine Fokdal. "Beyond the Urban Informality Discourse: Negotiating Power, Legitimacy and Resources." Geographische Zeitschrift 99, no. 1 (2011): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/gz-2011-0002.
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O'Brien, David, Sandra Carrasco, and Kim Dovey. "Incremental housing: harnessing informality at Villa Verde." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-10-2019-0237.
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PurposeThis paper analyses the incremental housing process developed at Villa Verde, a housing project designed by the Chilean architecture firm Elemental, whose director Alejandro Aravena received the Pritzker Prize in 2016. This project is conceived within a social housing framework and designed as an affordable “half-house” to be incrementally extended by the owners.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on research undertaken in August 2017 with data obtained through site surveys, trace analysis, interviews with 32 residents and photographic surveys. The researchers mapped the modifications made by all households at Villa Verde in the four years after occupation.FindingsThe strategy of designing a formal framework for informal additions has generally been successful with most houses undergoing substantial expansion to a high standard of construction. The paper raises concerns regarding the settlement's urban design, response to local climate and the quality of shared open space. We also find evidence of over-development as informal additions extend across front and rear yards that are in some cases fully enclosed.Originality/valueThis project is critiqued within the context of a long series of architectural attempts to harness the productive capacities of self-help housing. Villa Verde engages the freedom to build in a self-organised manner within a formal framework. But what will stop these additions from escalating into a “slum”?
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Marx, Colin, and Emily Kelling. "Knowing urban informalities." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (June 6, 2018): 494–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018770848.
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How do Anglophone urban scholars know urban informalities? This article reviews three dominant ways of knowing urban informality, noting that, despite the profoundly rich insights they each provide, two critiques of the overall concept endure. These are that the concept is often imprecise, and that the contribution to knowing ‘the urban’ more generally remains clearly circumscribed to the ‘urban non-west’. In our view, these limitations curtail the possibilities of sharpening our understanding of the relationship to inequalities and injustices. We work with these critiques, suggesting that they represent two sides of the same problem, associated with binaries. In doing so, we build on the existing emphasis on practices and work across the three dominant ways of knowing urban informalities. This reveals that binaries are not held together magically and transparently so that each is the mirror opposite. Instead, the difference is constituted through unnamed aspects of common denominators – two of which we highlight (property rights and aesthetics) – and may be intrinsic to the way urban informality has come to develop. It is through the latent power relations that inhere in these common denominators that urban scholars can achieve greater conceptual precision and make different contributions to broader urban theory committed to challenging injustices.
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Mbaye, Jenny, and Cecilia Dinardi. "Ins and outs of the cultural polis: Informality, culture and governance in the global South." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (January 17, 2018): 578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017744168.
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This article provides an epistemological critique of informality by focusing on cultural governance in two cities of the global South, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Dakar, Senegal. Aiming to enrich debates about urban creativity and urban cultural policy, which are still mainly focused on and articulated from the global North, we consider the broad field of ‘informality’ research as an entry point for such a discussion. Using case studies from African and Latin American contexts, we focus on the interstices of cultural policy and the borderlands of (in)formality, examining how governmental institutions are entangled in informal processes, and how grassroots cultural interventions become part of mainstream cultural circuits. The analysis sheds light on how these creative spaces of cultural production, located in Southern contexts of urban extremes, contribute to the vitality of informal urbanisms and unsettle predominant views that see them merely as sites of infrastructural poverty and social exclusion. The article suggests that a creative remapping of informality, through an inquiry of the ‘ins’ and ‘outs’ of the cultural polis, could improve our translating capacity of academic discourse into institutional/policy-related operations.
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Mwamba, Jonathan Simbeya. "Analysis of Space Manipulation in an Informal Urban Settlement: The Case of Ng’ombe in Lusaka, Zambia." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 6 (October 9, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i6.4971.
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Urban informality remains a consistent challenge and matter of debate by planners and policymakers in the urbanising cities of sub-Saharan Africa. A common manifestation of urban informality in African cities is the sprawling informal settlements that constitute the only available housing option for the majority of the urban poor. The analysis of informal urban settlement’s environmental composition, physical modelling and socio-economic and policy analysis have been areas of recent study. However there is limited literature on how the urban poor communities in Zambia manipulate their social, spatial and economic environments to meet their needs. This article seeks to broaden the knowledge base on the way informal urban settlement communities manipulate their urban space. The built environment provides the setting for human interaction and the explanatory theory of Environment-Behaviour Relations provides a suitable analytical framework for the identification of useful parameters for developing future settlement interventions. The study employs a case study method of research to analyse the informal urban settlement settings. Ng’ombe, a peri-urban informal settlement in Lusaka, Zambia is the case study location for this research. Analysis of social, spatial and economic environment at neighbourhood level provides vital information about the informal urban settlement conditions. The study in particular addresses the question of how the social-spatial circumstances of the informal urban population in the developing world influence and defines their built environment. The study shows that systems of settings and system of activities in Ng’ombe offer a suitable analytical framework for studying the settlement characteristics that can guide in formulating strategies for settlement regularisation. Residents devise means of adapting and manipulating their informal urban space to suit their immediate needs and they also devise livelihood coping strategies in the midst of their informal settings. The paper likewise contributes to the growing body of knowledge in urban informality.