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Rocha, Vânia Maria Melo. "O impacto dos cuidados informais: uma perspectiva diferente." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1091.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Trabalho Social.O aumento da longevidade humana é hoje um privilégio que podemos usufruir, em grande medida, devido à melhoria das nossas condições de vida. Embora a velhice nem sempre esteja associada a doença, a pessoa idosa é, sem dúvida, um ser mais vulnerável aos mais diversos tipos de patologias. Com estas enfermidades surgem as dificuldades de locomoção, a perda de autonomia e a consequente dependência de terceiros (cuidadores). Podemos distinguir dois tipos diferentes de cuidadores: os cuidadores formais e os cuidadores informais. Enquanto os primeiros prestam cuidados em função da sua profissão, os segundos prestam esses mesmos cuidados sem qualquer tipo de remuneração e, muitas vezes, sem qualquer tipo de apoio. A função de cuidar está intimamente ligada ao conceito de família e vai ser no seio familiar que o papel do cuidador (informal) vai assumir a sua verdadeira grandeza. Embora o acto de cuidar seja uma actividade nobre e extremamente útil, nem sempre esta é percepcionada desta forma, podendo essa percepção variar de interveniente para interveniente. A questão central que orienta este trabalho de investigação é precisamente a percepção sobre os cuidados informais. Com este estudo pretendemos caracterizar e avaliar o impacto dos cuidados informais, de acordo com a percepção da pessoa idosa e do cuidador informal, dado que, a maioria dos estudos existentes se centram apenas no cuidador informal e na sua perspectiva, negligenciando a opinião da pessoa idosa. Neste trabalho deu-se relevância à investigação quantitativa, tendo a informação sido recolhida através de questionário. A amostra é constituída por 2 grupos: um grupo composto por 40 cuidadores, responsáveis pela prestação de cuidados informais a pessoas idosas; e um grupo composto por 40 pessoas idosas, beneficiárias do Complemento de Dependência, receptoras de cuidados informais. Todos são residentes na Madalena, Vila Nova de Gaia. Depois de analisados os dados emergentes da nossa investigação, foi possível concluir que, cuidadores informais e pessoas idosas, têm uma percepção idêntica sobre os cuidados prestados, e que ambos, atestam um nível de satisfação elevado relativamente aos cuidados informais, o que demonstra que, os efeitos positivos dos cuidados informais, excedem claramente, os efeitos negativos. The increase in human longevity is now a privilege that we enjoy, in large measure, due to the improvement of our living conditions. Although old age is not always associated with disease, the elderly person is, without doubt, more vulnerable to more diverse types of diseases. With these diseases arise difficulties in walking, loss of autonomy and the consequent dependence on third parties (caregivers). We can distinguish two different types of caregivers: formal caregivers and informal caregivers. While the first care on the basis of their profession, the latter provide the same care without any remuneration and often without any kind of support. The function of caregiving is closely linked to the concept of family and will be within the role of the family that (informal) caregiving will assume its true greatness. Although the act of caring is a noble activity and extremely useful, this is not always perceived this way, and this perception may vary from actor to actor. The central question that guides the work of this research is the perception of the informal caregiving. With this study we want to characterize and evaluate the impact of informal caregiving, according to the perception of the elderly and informal caregivers, since the majority of the existing studies focus only on informal caregivers and their perspective, neglecting the views of the elderly. This work gave relevance to quantitative research and the information was collected through a questionnaire. The sample consists of 2 groups: one group composed of 40 caregivers, responsible for the provision of informal caregiving to elderly people, and a group composed of 40 elderly people, receiving a Portuguese state support (Complemento de Dependência), recipients of informal caregiving. All are residents in Madalena, Vila Nova de Gaia. After analyzing the emerging data from our research, it was possible to conclude that, informal caregivers and elderly people, have a similar perception about the informal caregiving, and that both, show a high level of satisfaction for informal caregiving, which shows that the positive effects of informal caregiving, clearly exceed the negative effects.L'augmentation de la longévité humaine est aujourd’hui un privilège dont nous jouissons, dans une large mesure grâce à l'amélioration de nos conditions de vie. Bien que la vieillesse ne soit pas toujours associée à la maladie, la personne âgée est, sans doute, plus vulnérable à une plus grande diversité dans les types de maladies. Avec ces maladies surviennent des difficultés dans la marche, la perte d'autonomie et la dépendance à l'égard des tiers (soigneurs). On peut distinguer deux types de soigneurs: soigneurs formels et informels. Alors que les premiers soignent en function de leur profession, les derniers soignant pareillement, sans aucune rémunération et souvent sans aucune forme de soutien. La fonction de soigner est étroitement liée à la notion de famille et sera dans la famille que le rôle des aidants familiaux (informel), assumera sa vraie grandeur. Bien que l'acte de soigner soit est une activité noble et extremement utile, ce n'est pas toujours perçue de cette façon, cette perception pouvant varier d'acteur à acteur. La question centrale qui guide ce travail de recherche est justement la perception des soins informels. Avec cette étude, nous voulons caractériser et évaluer l'impact des soins informels, selon la perception des personnes âgées et du soigneur naturel, puisque la majorité des études existantes ne portent que sur les soigneurs naturels et leur perspective, négligeant les points de vue de la personne âgée. Dans ce travail on a souligné la recherche quantitative, avec les informations recueillies par des questionnaire. L'échantillon se compose de 2 groupes: un groupe composé de 40 soigneurs, responsables de soins informels aux personnes âgées, et un autre groupe composé de 40 personnes âgées, de recepteuses du Supplément de Dépendence et recepteuses de soin informels les bénéficiaires de soins informels. Tous sont résidents de Madalena, Vila Nova de Gaia. Après avoir analysé les données résultants de nos recherches, il a été possible de conclure que les soigneurs informels et les personnes âgées, ont une perception identique sur les soins, et que les deux montrent un niveau élevé de satisfaction en ce qui concerne les soins informels, ce qui montre que, les effets positifs des soins informels, dépassent clairement les effets négatifs.
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TESSARI, ALESSANDRO. "Informal rooting : informal permanences in the contemporary city." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278176.
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Aragão-Lagergren, Aida. "Working children in the informal sector in Managua." Uppsala, Sweden : Uppsala University, Dept. of Social and Economic Geography, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37028942.html.
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Prates, Tiago José Moço. "Cidade informal." Master's thesis, Unoversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13639.
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Ferrandi, Simon James. "The InforMALL: Shopping malls as infrastructures to support small-scale informal businesses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28026.
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My dissertation inquiry focuses on the informal economic sector within the emerging economic area of Delft. This was born out of a personal fascination with the concept of informal or 'alternative-formal' economics. The existence of this concept was first brought to my attention through the Spaces of Good Hope Design + Research Studio (SoGH) in my BAS (Hons) year of 2016. Through site visits to the Delft, I became increasingly aware of an economic environment characterized by complex socio-spatial relationships. These differ from multi-layered, highly-mechanized business operations associated with more formal enterprises. The more time I spent observing business practices within Delft, the more I became aware of the sophistication of the sheer magnitude of the social networks which were the lifeblood of the embedded informal economy there. Admittedly, I found the whole system slightly overwhelming, struggling to understand how such apparent chaos could hide such a sophisticated economy, so different in shape and practices from the formal economy. It was during a SoGH plenary given by property economist, Francois Viruly, on the topic of the informal housing sector within South Africa, that I discovered how significant the informal economy is in sustaining livelihoods for a substantial portion of the country's population who cannot find jobs within the formal sector. Speaking frankly, Viruly, a highly regarded expert within the field of property economics, stressed that in spite of the prevalence of the informal economy within the South African context, both as a viable source of employment and a significant contributor to our formal economy, there is a distinct lack of understanding of the nature of the interface between formal and informal. The reality is that the existence of either formal or informal is dependent on the presence of the other, and sometimes, as is exemplified in the relationships between spazas, shebeens, and the corporate giants Coca-Cola and SAB-Miller within emerging economic areas, the links between survivalist enterprises and big corporates are critical. Clearly, economics, urban design and architecture need to come closer together - they need to inform each other. The spatial aspects of the economy require much more attention. Viruly posed an important question: "Can we create a built environment that starts at survivalist level and is sufficiently flexible to accommodate a fast-moving economy?"
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Almas, Roslynn. "Promoting Conflict Management Competencies within Informal Structures and Informal Networks." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10829092.
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Conflict typically is associated with negative and destructive connotations within organizations. However, a shift is taking place in workplaces to view conflict through a positive frame and to consider conflict as an opportunity to establish an environment that is more creative and innovative while identifying ineffective policies, behaviors or actions. This study was developed to examine how organizations can enhance conflict management competencies to empower leaders and employees to manage conflict by employing problem-solving tactics and collaborative approaches. Furthermore, this study was designed to understand what strategies and practices leaders and specialists in the field of Alternative Dispute Resolution utilize to promote conflict management skills. Additionally, the research sought to identify the challenges these individuals encountered when implementing conflict management interventions in organizations, understand how success was measured, and determine recommendations to develop conflict management competencies. Fifteen Alternative Dispute Resolution leaders and specialists participated in this phenomenological study by voluntarily responding to 12 semi-structured interview questions. Based on the participants’ responses 46 themes emerged across the four research questions. Strategic conflict management planning, engaging stakeholders in the process, consensus building, and convening and inquiry were the top strategies and practices mentioned by the participants in the study. When facing challenges during an implementation of conflict management interventions the theme commonly mentioned was lack of stakeholder engagement and how participants managed obstacles was through being agile and emphasizing positive communication. Measurements of success used by the participants that ranked highest were receiving feedback on process and outcomes, metrics on conflict/issue, and organizational performance metrics. The top theme that surfaced among all participants was how they developed conflict management competencies through a combination of experience and various formal training. The participants indicated the desire to have further conflict management training and education earlier in the career. Based on the research the following three frameworks were developed to enhance conflict management competencies in organizations (a) problem-solving culture framework, (b) conflict management intervention model, and (c) conflict manager competency paradigm.
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Bühn, Andreas. "Informal Economic Activities." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39326.
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The dissertation “Informal Economic Activities” takes a comprehensive approach to the informal economy by studying traditional shadow economic activities, household DIY activities, and the smuggling of illegal and legal goods.
Chapter 2 analyzes shadow economic and DIY activities and presents a dual estimation for the development of both types of informal economic activities in Germany from 1970 to 2005. It also considers the impact of German reunification on shadow economic and DIY activities and employs a proper estimate of domestic currency in circulation within Germany as an indicator variable for the shadow economy.
Chapter 3 studies an informal economic activity that has attracted much attention recently: legal goods smuggling, or the illegal trade of otherwise legal goods. The main channel of this type of smuggling is the falsification of trade documents. By reporting false amounts of exports and/or imports to authorities smugglers, or trade misinvoicers, seek to avoid paying taxes and/or tariffs.
Chapter 4 widens the analysis of smuggling to the smuggling of illegal goods and studies the smuggling of legal and illegal goods across the U.S.-Mexico border in order to improve the understanding of illegal trade. Studying the U.S.-Mexican case is particularly interesting as most illegal drugs and immigrants enter the United States via the Mexican border.
The empirical analyses in the dissertation “Informal Economic Activities” are based on structural equation models (SEMs). The results demonstrate that the informal economy is significant and that growth of the informal economy is not exclusive to developing countries, although it is a more serious problem in these countries. Moreover, although the informal economy covers a wide range of rather diverse economic activities, the dissertation works out that a few similarities exist. These are important, especially for policymakers, in first understanding what drives informal economic activities and second designing appropriate policies to deter them.
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Vergara, Kausel Sebastián. "Informal network financing." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114792.
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Magíster en Economía AplicadaIngeniero Civil Industrial
En este trabajo estudiamos un modelo de financiamento en redes, aplicado a comunidades, en las cuales no existe colateral ni acceso al crédito, y el financiamiento es alcanzado mediante la confianza al interior de la comunidad. Modelamos la comunidad como una red no dirigida, en la que los miembros de la comunidad están conectados en la red mediante links y la confianza es la representación de los beneficios futuros de interacciones mutuas, modelada como capacidades de links. Cada miembro de la comunidad tiene una dotación exógena de recursos. Un único miembro tiene acceso a una oportunidad de proyecto, la que puede ser financiada por la comunidad mediante transferencias de recursos y un esquema de repagos. Caracterizamos el nivel de financiamiento que la comunidad puede alcanzar, y los factores que lo gobernan, como un problema de flujo máximo de largo restringido. La probabilidad de éxito del proyecto, la tasa de recuperación y la probabilidad de interacción tienen un efecto monótono en el nivel de financiamiento. Sin embargo, el efecto de la tasa de repago y del spread de intermediación, dependen de los tamaños relativos de la confianza de la comunidad y los recursos disponibles en ésta. La distribución ex-ante de riqueza es examinada en términos de mejoras estocásticas y su efecto en la capacidad de financiamiento de la comunidad, encontrándose una correlación negativa con mean-preserving spreads de la distribución de la riqueza. También estudiamos la implementación de una institución formal de castigo, la que impone un costo a los miembros que cometen default en sus repagos estipulados. Presentamos una parametrización bajo la cual la institución puede ser exitosamente auto implementada por la comunidad. Finalmente, derivamos implicancias relacionadas con la estructura de red y el bienestar social, y desarrollamos dos aplicaciones. La primera tiene relación con descalces entre oferta y demanda en mercados donde la demanda es desconocida pero ya fue comprometida, y el costo de externalizar la demanda es menor que el costo de no satisfacerla. La segunda aplicación tiene relación con la venta negociada de un bien homogéneo, producido por los miembros de la comunidad, a un agente externo a la comunidad. Los miembros de la comunidad difieren en su poder de negociación y enfrentan la decisión de vender en el mercado spot o vender a través de un miembro designado de la comunidad, quien negocia con el agente externo.
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van, der Merwe Jan Gabriel Jr. "Informal Production Networks." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63625.
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The relationship between industry and the city is a damaged
one. However, with its existing mix of residents, industry
and commerce (albeit segregated from one-another)
Pretoria West holds the potential for a unique relationship
between industry and the citizens of Pretoria. Only by understanding
the role that these industries play within the
greater context of the city can the rich character and culture
of a place be ampli ed and solidi ed in a development
plan. Catalyzed by its heritage, development becomes
a manifestation of the character of place that will attract
further growth and simultaneously embrace the existing
stakeholders.
e existing industrial built-environment is often misshapen
and illegible and whilst it is di cult to organize
(and navigate) the seemingly disorganized site, it is possible
to resolve; through understanding historic boundaries and
development patterns that can be utilized as organizational
grids. In this case historic erf divisions and consolidations
can be utilized as an organizational tool at a large scale and
should serve as a guide to where future structures should be
erected in order to maintain a legible built environment.
When designing future additions, understanding the historic
expansion of these industrial buildings holds the key
to a harmonious relationship between old and new. With
minimal architectural intent these buildings supply little
for the architect to grapple onto, but with material spans
and structural repetition forming the underlying ordering
principle; it is possible to create a logical and ordered extension
of the past.Die verhouding tussen industrie en die stad is beskadig en as gevolg word industrië stelselmatig verwyder van die stad. Die mengsel tussen inwoners, industrie en handel in Pretoria Wes (albeit geissoleer van mekaar) gun egter die potensiaal tot ‘n unieke verbandskap tussen industrie en die inwoners van Pretoria. Slegs deur die rol te erken wat die industrië speel ten opsigte van die stad se groter konteks, kan die karakter en kultuur van so ‘n omgewing versterk en vasgevang word in ‘n ontwikkelings plan. Erfenis dien as katalisator vir ontwikkeling van die karakter van plek wat in beurt verdere nansiële groei sal aanhits. Die bestaande industriële bou-omgewing is misvorm en onvoorspelbaar. Alhoewel so ‘n omgewing nie aan die individie toeleen om weg te vind of organiseer nie, is dit moontlik deur die ontginning van historiese grense en ontwikkelings patrone wat kan dien as organiseerings mates. Historiese erf indelings en konsolodasies kan gebruik word om te dien as ‘n gids vir toekomstige toevoegings, om sodoende die nuwe argitektuur uit die bestaande te laat vloei. Die resultaat is ‘n leesbare en geordende bou-omgewing. Die ontwerp van die nuwe verbeelding steun op die morfologie van die bestaande omgewing om ‘n harmoniese verhouding tussen oud en nuut te skep. Materiale se span afstande neem die rol van die onderliggende orde stelsels aan as gevolg van die gebrek aan aansienlike argitektoniese bedoelings in die bestaande omgewing. Sodoende is ‘n leesbare en logiese uitbreiding van die verlede en na die toekoms moontlik in ‘n omgewing wat ontstaan het sonder ontwerp vir ervaring van mense.
Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Dwyer, Edward J. "The Cloze Informal." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3370.
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Beloque, Leslie Denise. "A cor do trabalho informal: uma perspectiva de análise das atividades informais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2672.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-18This study is about what was established to be called as informal work and whose objective is to assess the analytical perspective itself in which the informality is frequently studied, considering its difficulty to deal with the diversity of the informal activities. This assessment was seen through the contact, along seven years, with informal workers whose experiences and perceptions showed to be an analysis perspective of the extremely proficient informality . One of the main problems of the analysis of informality is the assumption that the informal workers and the small non-legally organized companies , which make part of the called informal sector , constitute an informal economical sector that operates as a cohesive block in the interstices of economy not taken by the big capital. However, as the bibliographic research advanced, was pointing out that, since the time the capitalist economy arose was constituted for the combination of capitalist ways of work with the other species of existing work. Therefore, the option of taking this fact as starting point of this analysis. Thus, the preparation of this study implied, initially, to assess the possibility that the main grounds of the modern science, that inspire the analytical perspective that conceives informality as an informal sector , are in the root of the inconsistencies of this analysis; then, the analysis of the experience of 20 informal workers, from both sexes and different ages, in order to identify the nature of their economic activities and how the informal work combines with the capitalist economy and, in the end, the proposition of an analysis perspective of the informal activities whose starting point is this combination. The main proposal of this study is that the capitalist economy is as the typically capitalists production ways, as the other existing kinds of work and that, in this interaction, they constitute mutually, that is, one brings life to the other and, in this movement, participate of the constitution process of the capitalist economy. Therefore, the informal activities do not constitute an informal sector that operates in the interstices of the economy, but are integral elements of the production or of the circulation sphere of economy, as well as of the core of the capital reproduction. Keywords: informal sector; analysis perspective of informal activities; perceptions about informal work
Este estudo trata do que se convencionou chamar trabalho informal e tem como objetivo a avaliação da própria perspectiva analítica em que a informalidade é freqüentemente estudada, considerando a sua dificuldade de contemplar a diversidade das atividades informais . Esta avaliação foi vislumbrada no contato, durante sete anos, com trabalhadores informais , cujas experiências e percepções mostraram ser uma ótica de análise extremamente profícua da informalidade . Um dos principais problemas da análise da informalidade é a suposição de que os trabalhadores informais e as pequenas empresas não organizadas legalmente , que compõem o chamado setor informal , constituem um setor econômico informal , que opera como um bloco coeso nos interstícios da economia não ocupados pelo grande capital. Contudo, à medida que a pesquisa bibliográfica avançava, indicava que, desde o seu surgimento, a economia capitalista veio se constituindo pela combinação de formas de trabalho capitalistas com as demais espécies de trabalho existentes. Daí a opção de tomar este fato como ponto de partida da análise. Assim, a elaboração deste estudo implicou, inicialmente, avaliar a possibilidade de que os principais fundamentos da ciência moderna, que inspiram a perspectiva analítica que concebe a informalidade como um setor informal , estejam na raiz das inconsistências dessa análise; em seguida, analisar as experiências de 20 trabalhadores informais , de ambos os sexos e diferentes idades, a fim de identificar a natureza de suas atividades econômicas e as maneiras que o trabalho informal se combina com a economia capitalista e, por fim, propor uma perspectiva de análise das atividades informais que tenha como ponto de partida essa interação. A premissa deste estudo é que a economia capitalista se compõe tanto das formas de produção tipicamente capitalistas , quanto das demais espécies de trabalho existentes e, nessa interação, se constituem mutuamente; ou seja, uma dá existência à outra e, nesse movimento, participam do processo de constituição da economia capitalista. Portanto, as atividades informais não constituem um setor informal que opera nos interstícios da economia, mas são elementos integrantes da produção ou da esfera da circulação da economia, assim como do núcleo da reprodução do capital
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Corney, M. J. R. "Dementia and informal care." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296320.
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Basu, Karna. "Essays on informal banking." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37415.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2006."September 2006."
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis is a collection of three theoretical essays that examine the role of time-inconsistent preferences in informal banking. The first two chapters focus on specific banking institutions, while the third studies individual welfare more generally. In Chapter 1, I develop a model of rotating savings and credit associations (roscas) where members are quasi-hyperbolic discounters. I show that, in this setting, roscas function as commitment savings devices, and can survive in equilibrium even in the absence of formal contracting or informal social sanctions. In Chapter 2, I study the behavior of quasi-hyperbolic discounters who have access to credit and a non-secure savings technology. I show that these agents might simultaneously save and borrow to create optimal investment incentives for future selves. Chapter 3 evaluates and compares the welfare outcomes for time-inconsistent agents under several banking environments.
by Karna Basu.
Ph.D.
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Youn, Kyungmin. "Orchestrated Informal Care Coordination." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/109.
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Lenel, Friederike. "Informal Support and Insurance." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18446.
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In meiner Dissertation untersuche ich, inwiefern sich der Zugang zu individuellen Absicherungsmöglichkeiten auf die informellen Unterstützungsnetzwerke zwischen Haushalten auswirkt. Diese Forschungsfrage ist vor dem Hintergrund der rasanten wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung vieler vormalig einkommensschwacher Länder von besonderer Relevanz. Sowohl um Voraussagen machen zu können, wie diese Entwicklung die soziale Struktur verändert als auch um Wohlfahrtseffekte spezifizieren zu können, ist es wichtig die Beziehung zwischen dem Zugang zu individuellen Absicherungsmöglichkeiten und der Nutzung informeller Unterstützungsnetzwerke zu verstehen.
In dieser Arbeit erforsche ich diese Beziehung unter drei Gesichtspunkten. In der ersten Studie, untersuche ich die Struktur des Unterstützungsnetzwerks eines Fischerdorfes in den Philippinen. Ausgehend von einem theoretischen Netzwerkmodell, analysiere ich die Faktoren, die dazu führen, dass zwei Haushalte sich im Falle eines Schocks auf den jeweils anderen verlassen, wobei der Fokus auf dem Zugang zu alternativen Absicherungsmöglichkeiten liegt. In der zweiten Studie untersuche ich gezielt, inwieweit die Bereitschaft jemanden zu unterstützen davon beeinflusst wird, ob dieser Zugang zu individuellen Absicherungsmöglichkeiten hat. Dies wird mit Hilfe eines lab-in-the-field-Experimentes, das im ländlichen Kambodscha durchgeführt wurde, analysiert. In der dritten Studie verknüpfe ich die Unterstützungs-Entscheidungen aus dem Experiment mit dem tatsächlichen Unterstützungsnetzwerk der Experimentteilnehmer und untersuche, ob die Struktur der persönlichen sozialen Netzwerke das Verhalten im Experiment erklären kann.
Zusammengefasst zeigen die drei Studien, dass mit dem Zugang zu individuellen Absicherungsmöglichkeiten Anreize abnehmen können, in informelle Unterstützungsnetzwerke zu investieren oder altruistisch Unterstützung zu gewähren. Dies hat direkte Auswirkungen auf die lokale Sozialstruktur.In this thesis, I investigate how access to resources can affect the formation of informal support arrangements between households. This question is of particular relevance in the light of the rapid economic development that many former low-income countries recently experienced, which goes hand in hand with increasing possibilities for the population to cope with hardships individually. An understanding of the relationship between informal support and access to alternative risk management resources is crucial in order to make predictions about how this development can affect the social structure, and to specify welfare effects. In the thesis, I investigate this relationship from three different angles. First, I study the structure of mutual support arrangements in a fishing village on the Philippines (Chapter 2). Based on a model of strategic link formation I investigate which factors explain that two households engage in a mutual support arrangement with a focus on the role of households' alternative resources. In a second study, I investigate how the willingness to provide support can be affected by the availability of alternative resources, in particular individual insurance (Chapter 3). This is analyzed based on a lab-in-the-field experiment conducted in Cambodia. Different to the first study, the second study focuses on social preference motivated support. The last study conceptually links the first two studies. I relate the subjects' support decisions observed in the experiment back to the subjects' engagement in mutual support arrangements in real life and thus put the behavior in context to the social structure (Chapter 4). In summary, the studies show that with access to individual risk management options, the incentives to engage in mutual support arrangements as well as social preference motivated support can reduce, which has a direct impact on the local social structure.
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Goyal, Yugank <1983>. "Institutions in Informal Markets." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7695/1/Goyal_Yugank_Tesi.pdf.
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The central questions that motivate this work, concern with understanding how do informal markets function outside the formal contract and property rights framework, and in doing so, what kinds of institutions do these markets develop. I attempt to answer these questions through case studies of three markets in India, namely, footwear cluster in Agra, coal-mines mafia in Dhanbad, and sex work (prostitution) in New Delhi. Locating the study of informal markets and institutions in broad literature of law and development, the thesis advances policy suggestions that would be useful in a general context of developing countries and their unregulated markets.
More than 90% of Indian workforce is informal, thus making it a very important economic impulse to be examined. Through primary fieldwork, I collect data in three Indian markets, and understand the micro-institutional framework that guides the functional order of transactions that lie ‘outside the law.’ In general, my findings reveal that every informal market is hinged on an intermediary, who in absorbing the otherwise high transaction costs at a price, affords stability to the market. For relevant policy interventions therefore, it is crucial that the intermediating institutions are examined carefully.
At a general level, the thesis narrates the importance of understanding local institutions in presence of global blueprints of law reforms. If law is an effective tool for development, then it has to adequately appreciate the heterogeneous institutions located within the market frameworks.
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San, Mauro Luca Francesco. "Informal proofs and computability." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11384/86151.
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Alves, Maria Aparecida. ""Setor informal" ou trabalho informal? : uma abordagem critica sobre o conceito de informalidade." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279284.
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Orientador : Ricardo Luiz Coltro AntunesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo teórico, que teve por finalidade discutir a bibliografia existente sobre "Setor Informal", visando a busca de novas abordagens que nos possibilitassem levantar as situações de informalidade. Para atingirmos esse objetivo foi necessária a compreensão da coexistência de diferentes formas de organização da produção informal e também analisar as relações existentes entre elas, visando descobrir em que grau estão subordinadas ao grande capital e qual a sua contribuição para o processo de acumulação capitalista. No primeiro capítulo, recuperamos a critica à "Teoria da Marginalidade". No segundo capítulo, retomamos a origem do conceito de "Setor Informal", problematizando questões referentes à articulação entre "Setor Informal" e "Setor Formal", propondo a utilização do conceito de informalidade, por ser mais abrangente. No terceiro capítulo, apresentamos a caracterização da diversidade de formas assumidas pelo trabalho informal no Brasil e, em que medida o desenvolvimento do capital está readequando novas formas de exploração da força de trabalho
Abstract: This dissertation consists of a theoretical study. The primary objective of this work is to discuss the literature on the informal sector in search of new approaches for the analysis of the informality contexto Addressing the different types of informal production and the relationships between them was necessary to understand the role and the degree of subordinationof these activities to the process of capitalist accumulation. The first chapter reviews the Theory of Marginality. The second chapter addresses the origins of the informal sector and discusses issues about the relationships between the informal sector and the formal sector to suggest the use of "informality" as a broader concept. The third chapter presents the different forms taken by informal labor in Brazil and discusses how the developmentof capitalism is reshaping new forms of labor force use
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia
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Amini, Pay Noura. "Patient handling activities by informal caregivers: Informal caregiver’s biomechanical loads during patient repositioning." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563462946325851.
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Bakic, Jovan. "Supporting informal awareness in order to facilitate informal communication in remote work contexts." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43188.
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This thesis seeks to understand how informal awareness, the presence and availability information of coworkers, can be provided in remote contexts through technology. Based on a workplace study, it was discovered that informal communication is an important part of work and is inadequately supported by current technology. Through research, it was suggested that information on presence and availability is that which facilitates informal communication. In order to design for this situation, this thesis features six interactive peripheral display prototypes which seek to provide informal awareness in an unobtrusive and effortless way to geographically distributed coworkers. Going beyond monitors, these prototypes seek to utilize natural human sensory-motor capabilities to ease perception and interaction. The results suggest such devices are appropriate at mediating awareness and have the potential to facilitate informal communication.
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Figueiredo, André Freitas Logrado de. "Casas para um planeta pequeno. Regeneração urbana na cidade (in)formal. O Centro Histórico do Porto Princípe / Haiti." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4714.
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Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura com a especialização em Gestão Urbanística.O estudo desenvolvido pretende explorar várias escalas na abordagem do tema da cidade informal, desde as suas características gerais ao caso específico do centro histórico de Porto Príncipe, onde será desenvolvida uma caracterização e análise da realidade informal da capital do Haiti, explorando a escala da cidade, do bairro e do espaço habitacional. À escala da cidade o objectivo é compreender a evolução dos territórios informais, a dimensão que actualmente adquiriram e a sua função no limite entre formal e informal. À escala do bairro, é elaborado um levantamento de alguns casos de territórios informais, definindo as principais características destas áreas, principalmente da estrutura urbana e construção informal (escala da habitação) e das dinâmicas sociais criadas pelo mesmo ambiente urbano, na relação entre comunidade e dicotomia público e privado. Consequentemente, estes parâmetros são reflectidos para o projecto proposto, no centro histórico de Porto Príncipe, que está inserido numa malha ortogonal e bastante formal, onde o interior dos quarteirões é ocupado por bolsas de habitação informal, desiquilibrando o sistema urbano. Consciente da problemática deste fenómeno, o presente projecto final de mestrado pretende apresentar uma proposta de regeneração do território urbano, através de um quarteirão tipo, com funções estruturais e que funcione tanto como objecto agregador como dinâmico, inserido nos quarteirões que demonstram um estado avançado de ocupação informal.
ABSTRACT - The developed study pretend to explore various scales on the approach of the theme of the informal city, since his general characteristics to the specific case of the historic center of Port-au-Prince, where will be developed a characterization and an analyze of the informal reality of the capital of Haiti, exploring the scale of the city, neighborhood and the living space. At the scale of the city the objective is to comprehend the evolution of the informal territories, the dimension they acquired and their function in the limit between formal and informal. At the scale of the neighborhood, it’s elaborated a study of some cases of informal territories, defining the main characteristics of these areas, mainly the urban structure and the informal construction (housing scale) and the social dynamics created by the same urban environment, the relation between community and the dichotomy public and private. Consequently, these parameters are reflected for the proposed project, in the historic center of Port-au- Prince, which is inserted in an orthogonal, and quite formal, urban grid, where the interior of the blocks are occupied by informal houses, unbalancing the urban system. Aware by the problematic of this phenomenon, this project intends to present a regeneration proposal of the urban territory, through a block model, with structural functions that act as an aggregator and dynamic object, inserted in the blocks that show an advanced state of informal settlements.
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Lage, Maria Isabel Gomes de Sousa. "Avaliação dos cuidaos informais aos idosos: estudo do impacte do cuidado no cuidador informal." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7243.
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Lage, Maria Isabel Gomes de Sousa. "Avaliação dos cuidaos informais aos idosos: estudo do impacte do cuidado no cuidador informal." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7243.
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Vega, Núñez Adriana Patricia. "Essays on informal labor markets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663417.
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The dissertation deals with the analysis of informality in developing countries considering both the worker’s and the firm’s perspective. Within a context of a strong presence of this phenomenon in the majority of South and Central America countries, the main goal of this research is to explore the factors that may influence the prevalence and the consequences of informality in this region. The analysis focuses in two dimensions of the informal labor market: the firms and the workforce, divided in three main topics. The initial point of analysis intends to provide evidence of the presence of informal firms and its differences between the South and Central America countries. Therefore, we evaluate which are the cross-national factors that account for the prevalence of informality and we try to identify the reason influencing the decision to run a business in the borderlines of the formal or informal sector in this region. It is worth mentioning that with these objectives in mind, this study is the first analysis using firm-level data covering a wide sample of South and Central America countries.
In this sense, we found three main results on firms’ informality. Firstly, it sheds light on the association between informality and the characteristics of firms. In this sense, small firms, less productive firms, older firms, one proprietor firms, less technological firms and manufacturing firms are more likely to operate informally. As second result, it reveals that entrepreneurs face obstacles in their operations, such as the presence of informal competitors, financial and tax administration obstacles, which positively influence informality. Thirdly, it analyses the effect of cross-country determinants of the likelihood of being informal firm. These factors are associated with the average
GDP growth and the governance performance of the country. While the previous analysis addresses informality as a challenge issue to deal with in developing countries, the next two analyses focus their attention in Ecuador. The next tòpic explains the determinants of the job placement process in the Ecuadorian formal and informal labor market. In this regard, it seeks to answer weather being part of an informal job is a worker’s voluntary decision, or it is because there are restrictions on the number of job placements in the formal sector. In order to consider both workers’ preferences and employers’ hiring decisions, we apply a bivariate binomial probit model with partial observability since we can only observe the joint decision of both actors of the market. The study supports the presence of a restriction in the number of formal jobs in the economy and therefore existence of both, voluntary and involuntary informal employment. Nonetheless, these results lead directly to a next question, explicitly, how are the dynamics of the formal and informal sectors and which paterns affected the transitions within the labor sectors. Therefore, the next topic provides an overview of the dynamics of the formal and informal sectors and some specific patterns of the transitions within the labor sectors. We specify a transition matrix and a multinomial logit model to identify the movements across the sectors and the effect of each worker’s characteristics on the probability of moving to a given a sector. The transition matrix results suggest an important dynamics not only in and out of the labor market but also across the sectors; and as well that individuals are searching for job opportunities in both formal and informal sectors.
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Moreno, Lars. "Informal Leadership in Small Groups." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16681.
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This study identified factors and variables of informal leadership in small groups with different gender composition (Men, women and mixed groups) and goal orientation (competition and cooperation). Behavioral dominance patterns (Information Sheet, pencil, decision sheet) and number of verbal interventions were compared to the main informal leadership factors identified in the groups. There were 24 participants (12 men and 12 women). Among the main variables and factors identified, there were some that had a higher possibility to appear than other. There was no significant difference of the factors and variables between women and men. Communication variables were more likely to be present in groups with the goal of cooperation as for the goal of competition. Guidance variables were more likely to be present in women groups than in men groups and mixed groups. There was a significant correlation between the factor’s Communication, Character and Guidance with the number of interventions and behavioral dominance patterns.
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Johnson, Eileen Mary. "The health of informal carers." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20022/.
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In order to advance our understanding of informal carer health, this mixed-method research was conducted amongst a large, general population of informal carers. Initially, a postal survey was carried out using the UK version of the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health status questionnaire. The study population, which was composed of 578 participants, was drawn from the carer mailing lists of voluntary sector organisations in four geographically distinct areas in the North West of England. The participants' scores for SF-36 were compared with those of a small group of non-carets and UK normative data for this measure. These evaluations revealed that the participants' health was dramatically inferior to that of a normative population across all eight health dimensions addressed by the SF-36. Moreover, following the performance of a further evaluation, the health of the participants was shown to be comparable to or worse than that of patients with a variety of medically diagnosed conditions. A subsequent series of in-depth interviews with 28 of these participants validated and expanded upon the findings of the quantitative survey. Furthermore, data from these interviews demonstrated clear associations between the participants' health status and their social and political milieu. A coherent theory, which contributes to our current knowledge of caret health, was developed from these research findings.
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Dick, Suzanne. "The needs of informal caregivers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23276.pdf.
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Rosario, Cabral Sina Del. "Garbage housing in informal settlements." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61296.
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The recycling of consumer items and their use as building materials have long been recognized by researchers and scholars in studies of informal settlements. There they are used as substitutes to traditional materials for walls and roofs, scarce or unaffordable in urban areas. However, they are also used as a means to repair or protect dilapidated materials and building components.Recycled consumer items are neither accepted nor regarded as standard building materials. Nevertheless, builders continue to use them, recognizing the existence of a market where they are regarded as alternative materials in housing. The use of these materials is defined by the users' needs and priorities. However, the decision-making process also depends on availability in the market, opportunity cost of the products, the performance of each material and its perceived aesthetic and social value within the community. In the process their use has created complex supply networks that deliver building materials according to local supply and demand.
Based on a field study, this thesis presents the recycled consumer items used for the provision of housing in a squatter settlement. All the recycled non-conventional materials found are recorded according to their uses in the dwelling units, classified according to building types. Later on these materials are classified and analyzed according to their properties, their provision and acquisition.
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Bold, Tessa. "Economics of informal insurance arrangements." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491573.
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Legg, Lynn A. "Informal carers of stroke survivors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3123/.
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In an effort to identify further published, unpublished and ongoing studies, conference proceedings and trials registers were searched, reference lists of relevant articles were scanned and researchers and authors in the field were contacted. Selection criteria: Studies were included if the focus was on; study participants as a provider of care to a stroke survivor living in the community, had no restrictions on admissible participants, had no restrictions on type of stroke patient, depression was measured using standard criteria and measures of occurrence of depression presented in a binary format (i.e., depressed/ not depressed). Types of epidemiologic study eligible included: cohort studies, case-control studies, including prevalent case-control studies and cross sectional studies, including prevalence studies. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors selected studies for inclusion, independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Estimates of pooled prevalence were calculated using inverse variance methods. Results: 19 studies were identified. 12 studies used a single cohort design and six studies used a cross sectional design. One study is ongoing and awaiting assessment. No cohort studies included a referent or comparator group of people who were unexposed to providing informal care. Data on prevalence of depression were available from 16 studies (1848 participants). No studies were identified that collected data on incidence of depression. No investigators reported including participants to cohort studies that were free of depression at the initial observation. The estimates of prevalence of depression are based on the number of people who scored above a clinical cut point on a self-report dimensional rating scale for depression. The overall pooled prevalence estimate calculated using the inverse variance method using a random effects model was slightly lower (28%, 95% CI 23%, 33%) than when the analysis was restricted to studies with an ideal design (30%, 95% CI 25%, 34%). The majority of studies lack a description of important characteristics that define the informal caregiver population. Lack of a clear and unambiguous operational definition of informal care is common across studies. Conclusions: Estimates of prevalence of depression in people who provide care to informal stroke survivors are similar to those observed in community studies of the prevalence of depression. There is currently insufficient evidence from epidemiological studies to suggest and association between the provision of informal care and the development of depression. Chapter 5 Non-pharmacological interventions for informal carers of stroke survivors. Synopsis of chapter 5. Chapter 5 focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the existing literature on the effects of non pharmacological interventions targeted towards people who provide informal care to stroke survivors. For presentation purposes, this chapter is divided into several sections. Section A describes the background and rationale for the systematic review. Section B describes the methods of the review including the types of participants, types of interventions, types of outcome and types of study, searching for studies, selecting studies and collecting data, assessing risk of bias in included studies, methods for analysing data and undertaking meta-analysis. Section C presents the meta-analysis of the relevant studies. The results are presented and discussed. Abstract. Background: A substantial component of care is provided to stroke survivors by informal caregivers. However, providing such care is often a new and challenging experience and has been linked to a number of adverse outcomes. A range of interventions targeted towards stroke survivors and their family or other informal caregivers have been tested in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Objectives: To evaluate the effect of interventions targeted towards informal caregivers of stroke survivors or targeted towards informal caregivers and the care recipient (the stroke survivor). Search methods: The Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched March 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2010); MEDLINE (1950 to August 2010), EMBASE (1980 to December 2010), CINAHL; (1982 to August 2010), AMED (1985 to August 2010), PsycINFO (1967 to August 2010) Science Citation Index (1992 to August 2010) and six other electronic databases were searched. In an effort to identify further published, unpublished and ongoing studies, conference proceedings and trials registers were searched, reference lists of relevant articles were scanned and researchers and authors in the field were contacted. Selection criteria RCTs were included if they evaluated the effect of non-pharmacological interventions (compared with no care or routine care) on informal caregivers of stroke survivors. Trials of interventions were included if they delivered to stroke survivors and informal caregivers only if the stroke survivor and informal caregiver were randomised as a dyad. Studies which included stroke survivors and caregivers were excluded if the stroke survivors were the primary target of the intervention. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors selected studies for inclusion, independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Original data was sought from trialists. Interventions were categorised into three groups: support and information, teaching procedural knowledge/vocational training type interventions, and psycho-educational type interventions. The primary outcome was caregivers' stress or strain. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Results: Eight studies, including a total of 1007 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The results of all the studies were not pooled because of substantial methodological, statistical and clinical heterogeneity. For caregivers' stress or strain no significant results were found within categories of intervention, with the exception of one single-centre study examining the effects of a 'vocational training' type intervention which found a mean difference between the intervention and comparator group at the end of scheduled follow-up of -8.67 (95% confidence interval -11.30 to -6.04, P < 0.001) in favour of the 'teaching procedural knowledge' type intervention group Conclusions: It was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis of the evidence from RCTs because of methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity. One limitation across all studies was the lack of a description of important characteristics that define the informal caregiver population. However, 'vocational educational' type interventions delivered to caregivers prior to the stroke survivor's discharge from hospital appear to be the most promising intervention. However, this is based on the results from one, small, single-centre study. Chapter 6 Conclusions. Synopsis of Chapter 6. This chapter, after outlining the findings of the individual studies included in this thesis and how they fit into the broader literature, makes observations about the approach that has been taken and lessons learned, some with the benefit of hindsight, in order to inform future research work on informal carers. This chapter also examines the structure, purpose, limitations, use and misuse of the informal care epidemiological literature. The chapter finishes with recommendations for future research, clinical practice and policy.
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Eriksson, Kimmo. "Informal punishment of non-cooperators." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65664/.
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According to an influential theory known as "strong reciprocity", humans cooperate at high levels due to the rise of altruistic punishers, that is, individuals who not only cooperate themselves but also informally punish non-cooperators. Strong reciprocity theory assumes that this punishment is costly to the punisher but beneficial to the group, that is, the punisher behaves altruistically. The theory further assumes that by engaging in this individually costly but group-beneficial behavior, punishers gain a good reputation. The aim of my dissertation is to critically examine the empirical validity of these assumptions through a series of experimental studies. Overall, I find that the assumptions of strong reciprocity theory are not supported. (1) Punishment of non-cooperators does not seem to be driven by punishers having the group's interest at heart. In fact, I find that punishers in economic cooperative games tend not to be more cooperative than non-punishers. Punishers also tend to punish both non-cooperators and cooperators. I conclude that punishers seem to be characterized by being generally punitive rather than being generally altruistic. (2) Punishers of non-cooperators do not seem to gain a good reputation in general. Rather, informal social norms about the use of punishment seem to restrict it more than encourage it. Moreover, people who face the choice of whether to punish a non-cooperator seem not to tend to think of punishing as the moral thing to do. My conclusion of these empirical results is that strong reciprocity theory paints an incorrect picture of the psychology of informal punishment of non-cooperators. I argue that this theory likely goes wrong already when it takes cooperative situations as its starting point, and that a better approach would be to assume that there is a more general psychology of informal punishment. I sketch what such an approach would entail.
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Rennie, Jason D. M. (Jason Daniel Malyutin) 1976. "Extracting information from informal communication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38683.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-93).
This thesis focuses on the problem of extracting information from informal communication. Textual informal communication, such as e-mail, bulletin boards and blogs, has become a vast information resource. However, such information is poorly organized and difficult for a computer to understand due to lack of editing and structure. Thus, techniques which work well for formal text, such as newspaper articles, may be considered insufficient on informal text. One focus of ours is to attempt to advance the state-of-the-art for sub-problems of the information extraction task. We make contributions to the problems of named entity extraction, co-reference resolution and context tracking. We channel our efforts toward methods which are particularly applicable to informal communication. We also consider a type of information which is somewhat unique to informal communication: preferences and opinions. Individuals often expression their opinions on products and services in such communication. Others' may read these "reviews" to try to predict their own experiences. However, humans do a poor job of aggregating and generalizing large sets of data. We develop techniques that can perform the job of predicting unobserved opinions.
(cont.) We address both the single-user case where information about the items is known, and the multi-user case where we can generalize opinions without external information. Experiments on large-scale rating data sets validate our approach.
by Jason D.M. Rennie.
Ph.D.
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Gonçalves, Armindo. "The informal sector in Cuernavaca." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66770.
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Sloan, Brian Damien. "Informal carers and private law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609328.
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Santos, Márcia dos. "Setor informal: uma categoria imprecisa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9370.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-15Due to the hegemony of capitalism system that globalization has set, regional and global markets have suffered many deep changes and some categories and businesses have vanished while others have been created. Among the new ones, the informal sector has arisen strongly and this study is exactly about this issue based on the following title: informal sector an unclear category . This study aims to codify the different concepts of informality and its subsystems in order to have a better understanding of this relevant and meaningful economic sector for Brazilian market, consistently aiming to subsidize initiatives in the subsystems supported by the public sector. Methodologically, this study brings for discussion the dynamics and standards of Brazilian labor market since the 90 s by thoroughly and critically describing the customs opening and its consequences to national productive sectors, denationalization, informal sector, informal activities, regionalisms, informal work characteristics and its categories. It discusses the concept of informality, residual concept and informality consequences, cost and the informal concept segmentation
Com a hegemonia do sistema capitalista configurado pela globalização, os mercados regionais e mundial sofreram várias e profundas modificações extinguindo categorias e setores e gerando outras. Dentre esses setores, surgiu de forma impactante o setor informal e é sobre ele que esta pesquisa discute tomando como base o seguinte título: setor informal: uma categoria imprecisa. Tem como objetivo sistematizar os diferentes conceitos de informalidade e de seus respectivos subsistemas a fim de entender de forma mais consistente esse setor econômico de expressiva significação no mercado brasileiro com o propósito de subsidiar iniciativas localizadas nos subsistemas de forma mais consistente com respaldo do setor público. Metodologicamente, traz à discussão as dinâmicas e configurações do mercado de trabalho brasileiro desde os anos 1990 descrevendo pormenorizado e criticamente a abertura alfandegária e suas respectivas conseqüências para os setores produtivos nacionais, a desestatização, o setor informal, as atividades informais, as regionalidades, as características do trabalho informal e suas categorias. Discute o conceito de informalidade, conceito residual, e as conseqüências da informalidade, o custo da informalidade e as segmentações do conceito informal
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Silva, Ana Cristina Tarelo da. "A cortesia na conversação informal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19237.
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This work is part of field studies on the analysis of conversation and is he result of research that aimed to reflect on the characteristics of courtly accomplishments in informal conversation and more particularly on the phenomenon called discourtesy feigned (BRIZ, 2014) ( ALBA-JUEZ, 2008), combining the socio-pragmatic analysis to the apparatus of the theory of faces. he research in question had as its object conversations in Facebook social network environment. To perform the analyzes were adopted as theoretical pparatus the concepts relating to Conversation Analysis (Marcuschi, 1999); (Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2006), the theory Threatering Face Acts-FTAs (Brown & LEVINSON, 2014 [1978]), extended the concepts of the Flattering Face Acts-FFAs (KERBRA-Orecchioni 1986, 2006), together with the in studies on pragmatic and complimentary variation and attenuation approach cultures (BRIZ, 2014, 2013, 2010, 2006)
Este trabalho se insere no campo de estudos relativo à análise da conversação e é resultado da pesquisa que teve como objetivo refletir sobre as características das realizações corteses na conversação informal mediada por computador e, mais particularmente, sobre o fenômeno denominado descortesia fingida (BRIZ, 2014), (ALBA-JUEZ, 2008), conciliando a análise sócio-pragmática aos conceitos apresentados pela teoria das faces. A pesquisa em questão teve como objeto conversas no ambiente da rede social do Facebook. Para realizar as análises foram adotados como aparato teórico os conceitos relativos à Análise da Conversação (MARCUSCHI, 1999); (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 2006), a Teoria dos “Face Threatering Acts-FTAs” ( BROWN; LEVINSON, 2014 [1978]), ampliada pelos conceitos relativos aos “Face Flattering Acts-FFAs” (KERBRA-ORECCHIONI, 1986, 2006), conjuntamente com os estudos sobre variação pragmática e cortesia e atenuação em culturas de aproximação (BRIZ, 2014, 2013, 2010, 2006). Os resultados das análises comprovaram que o fenômeno da descortesia fingida aparece de forma recorrente em conversas no ambiente do Facebook.
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Ferreira, José Filipe Miranda. "Dispneia: vivências do cuidador informal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7081.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em EnfermagemA presente investigação é do tipo descritivo-exploratório, de cariz fenomenológico inserido no paradigma qualitativo e realizado em meio natural, onde se incluíram 14 cuidadores informais de pessoas com dispneia, realizando-se a colheita de dados individualmente, através de um questionário presencial, na visita do doente numa instituição de saúde do Porto. Assim, importa conhecer quais as vivências do cuidador informal de pessoas com dispneia, em contexto domiciliário, visto ser um tema ainda pouco estudado em Portugal, considerando-o primordial para o instruir a cuidar de um doente com dispneia. Dos resultados obtidos o cuidar regista 57,14% na figura do feminino, 42,85% da população da amostra têm mais de 63 anos de idade e 28,56% com idade inferior a 39 anos, sendo 78,57% casados, tendo 28,57% completado o 1º ensino básico e 21,43% completou o 2º ensino básico. A respeito da situação profissional a taxa de 42,86% iguala a situação quer de empregado quer de reformado. No prestar cuidados à pessoa com dispneia os CI´s adjetivam-no, em reconfortante (n=5) e em tristeza (n=4). Assumir o papel de CI teve implicações na vida social (n=9). A família é o apoio no cuidar (n=9), sendo que para os CI´s (n=14) não têm qualquer apoio para além das instituições de saúde. Os CI´s (n=10) não tiveram qualquer ensino formal. Num episódio agudo e súbito de dispneia os CI’s caracterizam a reação, como não tendo reação (n=6), com desespero (n=3) sendo que (n=2) ainda não vivenciaram tal episódio. Como estratégias de coping no alívio da dispneia num episódio agudo a maioria dos CI´s assumem “sentar” (n=7). Nas AVD a gestão de esforço e tempo (n=6) é a estratégia assumida pelos CI´s, para diminuir e/ou evitar períodos agudos de dispneia, sendo que (n=5) assumem “nada” fazerem. Relativamente ao controlo sintomático da dispneia através de medidas não farmacológicas a maioria dos CI´s (n=10) dizem desconhecer.
The present descriptive-exploratory research, with a phenomenological nature inserted in the qualitative paradigm and carried out in the natural environment, where 14 informal caregivers of people with dyspnea were included, and individual data were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire at the visit of the patient in a Porto health institution. Thus, it is important to know the experiences of the informal caregiver of people with dyspnea, in a home context, since it is a subject that has not yet been studied in Portugal, considering it to be the primary instruction for caring for a patient with dyspnea. Of the results obtained, caregiving registered 57,14% in the female figure, 42,85% of the population of the sample were over 63 years of age and 28,57% under the age 39, 78,57% being married, with 28,57% having completed elementary education and 21,43% completed 2nd grade. Regarding the professional situation, the rate of 42,86% equals the situation of both employed and retired. In caring for the person with dyspnea, the ICs adjectival, comforting (n=5) and sadness (n=4). Assuming the role of IC had implications in social life (n=9). The family is caring support (n=9), and for ICs (n=14) they have no support beyond health institutions. The ICs (n=10) did not have any formal education. In an acute and sudden episode of dyspnea, ICs characterize the reaction, not having a reaction (n=6), with despair (n=3) and (n=2) not yet experienced this episode. How coping strategies in relieving dyspnea in an acute episode most ICs assume "sit" (n=7). In ADL, effort and time management (n=6) is the strategy adopted by ICs to decrease and/or avoid acute periods of dyspnea, and (n=5) assume "nothing" to do. Regarding the symptomatic control of dyspnea through non-pharmacological measures most ICs (n=10) say they do not know.
N/A
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Melo, Ricardo Filipe Monrroy Vilan e. "Equipamento para a cidade informal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12306.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.O presente trabalho estuda a problemática de como requalificar a cidade informal, focando-se na área do Bairro do Barruncho. Este bairro situa-se na periferia do concelho de Odivelas e nasce por volta da década de 70, sendo que na altura a maioria dos seus habitantes eram provenientes de ex-colónias portuguesas, hoje em dia, este é composto por uma população relativamente jovem, que apresenta um grau de qualificações académicas baixo e é constituído por um aglutinado de construções precárias e ilegais, sem qualquer tipo de infraestruturas básicas. Na sequência do desenvolvimento do plano de requalificação urbana para o bairro, ficou claro o interesse de responder à questão: “Como projetar um equipamento para o Bairro do Barruncho?”; Procura-se então a forma de projetar um equipamento que responda ás necessidades do lugar. O qual possa proporcionar novos usos à cidade, consiga prolongar a sua existência e utilidade no tempo, assim como combater a segregação social característica marcante destes bairros. Para a criação de qualquer objeto arquitetónico é indispensável o entendimento das suas partes constituintes, bem como perceber a necessidade que um edifício tem de fortalecer a sua identidade e a dos seus utilizadores. Na exploração dos componentes da arquitetura pretende-se encontrar formas de como potenciar uma obra para gerar a identidade, prolongar a necessidade da sua existência e por fim tentar inserir os seus habitantes na comunidade. O objetivo essencial da presente dissertação é então o de conseguir um conjunto de ferramentas com o qual possamos trabalhar o equipamento, de modo a que este se identifique com os seus utentes e os seus utentes se identifiquem com ele.
This paper studies the problem of how to requalify the informal city, focusing on the area of Barruncho District. This neighborhood is located on the outskirts of the municipality of Odivelas and begins around the 70s. At that time the majority of its inhabitants were from former Portuguese colonies, nowadays it has a relatively young population, having a low degree of academic qualifications and it is formed by a sintered precarious and illegal constructions without any of the basic infrastructures. According to the development of the urban renewal plan for the neighborhood, it was clear the interest of answering the question: “How to design an outfit for the Barruncho District?” Then, one has to find a way to design a device that responds to the needs of the place, which can give new uses to the city, can prolong its existence and usefulness in time, as well as combat social segregation, usually a striking feature of these kind of neighborhoods. For the creation of any architectural object, it is important the “understanding” of its component parts, as well as the need of a building to strengthen its identity and the identity of its users. In the exploration of the components of the architecture, it is intended to find ways to power a work to generate the identity, prolong the need for its existence and finally try to insert its inhabitants in the community. The main goal of this dissertation is to get a set of tools with which we can work the equipment, so that it identifies with its users and its users identify themselves with it.
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Ribeiro, Andreia Sofia Nunes. "Cidade formal vs cidade informal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12634.
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Thakar, Aniruddha. "Visualization feedback from informal specifications." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040810/.
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LeSure, Danielle L. "Informal mayoral involvement in education." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Veleda, da Silva Susana Maria. "Trabajo informal, género y cultura: el comercio callejero e informal en el sur de Brasil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4955.
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En esta Tesis Doctoral, analizamos desde una perspectiva de la geografía cultural y de género, a los trabajadores y a las trabajadoras del comercio callejero(1) en el sur Brasil - llamados popularmente camelos(2) - que venden productos industrializados, principalmente, electrónicos. Es un colectivo que ocupa un espacio público para trabajar y que, por lo tanto, conforma espacios de relaciones sociales a partir de esta ocupación. La investigación tiene como base empírica los/las trabajadores del comercio callejero localizado en Rio Grande y Pelotas, dos ciudades sureñas del estado del Rio Grande do Sul, el estado más meridional de Brasil.El objetivo primordial de la Tesis es: analizar la relación trabajo precario/lugar/familia desde una perspectiva cultural y de las relaciones de género, poniendo énfasis en la posibilidad de que esta relación pueda conllevar la producción y reproducción de nuevas identidades a partir de la ocupación de los espacios públicos que son, muy a menudo, "lugares precarios". Para ello, hemos planteado tres preguntas de investigación: ¿El hecho de que los/las camelôs puedan ser trabajadores/as híbridos/as les configura una identidad singular?;¿El lugar de trabajo (en un espacio público) y las relaciones familiares y de género crean identidades compartidas? ; ¿El comercio callejero es un amortiguador de los deseos de consumo de la gran mayoría de la sociedad brasileña?
Hemos optado por la metodología cualitativa. Por varias razones. Lo fundamental es que hacemos una investigación social, y entendemos que en este tipo de investigación es imprescindible la voz del sujeto investigado. Es él o ella quien va a expresar sus experiencias y sus consideraciones. En este proceso de investigación se ha de analizar e interpretar su realidad a la luz de las teorías, pero son las/los trabajadores ambulantes quienes poseen la palabra. La investigación se realizó a partir del contacto directo con los/las trabajadores ambulantes, así como a través de nuestra observación de su lugar de trabajo. Elegimos la entrevista en profundidad y la observación participante como los principales instrumentos de aproximación a la realidad de los/las trabajadores ambulantes en el comercio callejero en el sur de Brasil.
Entendemos que, en la actualidad, los/las camelôs resultan necesarios para la sociedad capitalista de tipo neoliberal de los países periféricos pues cumplen el papel de vendedores de productos baratos que tienen un fuerte valor simbólico para estas sociedades. Y por lo tanto, cumplen un papel social y económico dentro del contexto de ampliación de las nuevas pautas de consumo en una sociedad homogeneizada y cuyos deseos de consumo de la población se controla a través de los medios de comunicación.
En este contexto, vendedores/as y consumidores/as forman un todo pues se interrelacionan vendedor y consumidor en la actividad comercial misma. Hay que estudiarlos conjuntamente ya que se interrelacionan de forma dialéctica. Por esta razón, la nueva geografía del comercio- basada en los estudios culturales y de género- permite captar estas relaciones y así poner al descubierto situaciones de dominación y exclusión que se dan en las sociedades capitalistas.
(1) Los/las trabajadores del comercio callejero reciben, en Brasil, diferentes denominaciones, las principales son: vendedores ambulantes, trabajadores ambulantes, autónomos y camelôs. En éste trabajo, estas denominaciones tienen el mismo significado. Se utiliza el término ambulante también para los/las vendedores que tienen un puesto fijo en la calle o plaza.
(2) El término camelô es una referencia popular a los/las vendedores ambulantes o fijos y se supone que viene del hecho de que muchos de estos vendedores cargaban las mercancías en las espaldas, tal como los camellos.
This doctoral thesis analyses those street trading(1) workers (men and women) from the south of Brazil -popularly called camelôs (2) from the perspective of cultural and gender geography. These workers sell industrialized products, most of them electronic devices. This social group works in open spaces and such occupancy creates social relationship spaces. This research has its empirical basis on the street trading workers who work in Rio Grande and Pelotas, two cities in the Southern part of Rio Grande do Sul, the southern Brazilian state. The basic goal of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between the precarious work/place/family from the perspective of cultural and gender geography, emphasizing the possibility that this relationship can bring to the production and reproduction of new identities from the use of public spaces, which are, frequently "precarious places".
In order to achieve this goal, three research questions have been formulated: Does the fact that the camelôs can be hybrid workers give them a singular identity? Do the workplaces (in a public space) and the family and gender relationships create shared identities? Does street trading silence the consumption desires from the majority of the Brazilian society?
A qualitative methodology has been chosen for many reasons. The most important thing is that this is a social research, and for this type of research, the voice of the analysed subject is indispensable. It is he or she who will express his/her experiences and considerations. In this investigation process it should be analysed and interpreted his/her reality according to the theories, but the ambulant workers (men and/or women) are the ones doing the talking. This research was carried out in direct contact with the ambulant workers, as well as through the observation of their workplaces. In depth interview and active observation were the approach tools to the reality of the ambulant workers in the street trading of Southern Brazil.
It is understood that nowadays, the camelôs are necessary in the Neoliberal capitalist society of the periphery countries because they fulfil the role of sellers of cheap products that have a strong symbolic value for these societies. Moreover, they fulfil a social and economic role within the framework of extension of new consumption patterns in an homogeneous society where the consumption desires of the population are controlled by the mass media.
In this context, sellers and consumers are all one and the same because they are interrelated in the commercial activity itself. They need to be studied together due to their dialectic relationship. For this reason, the new approach of the commercial geography -based on cultural and gender studies- allows to observe these relationships and to give the possibility to bring into the open the dominant and exclusion situations which occur in a capitalist society.
(1) In Brazil, street workers are known by different denominations. The common names are: ambulant sellers, ambulant workers, "freelance" and camelôs. In this paper all these denominations have the same meaning. Also the word ambulant is used for those sellers who have a fixed place in the street or in a square.
(2) The word camêlo is a popular denomination for the ambulant and fixed sellers. The origin of this word comes apparently from the fact that they often they carried their goods on their backs, like camels.
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Gonzalez, Briseno Alfredo. "Informal employment in Mexico an analysis of returns in the formal and informal labor markets /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4411.
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Silva, Rosana Aparecida de Andrade. "Setor informal: um estudo sobre os camel?s do Shopping Popular em Cuiab? - MT/2003." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2003. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12146.
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Previous issue date: 2003-09-30The phenomenon of the informality has been common in the quarrels that involve Sciences Social and Human. First for not corresponding to a temporary and isolated phenomenon, and on the other hand for dealing with a presente situation in the majority of the Brazilian urban centers. In Cuiab? municipality, the alternative commerce appears as a social answer to the problems caused for the economic crisis of the country and seems to be deep-rooted to the urban landscape. This assignment angles was the street peddlers, in special that ones who develop their in a specific location on lowered of Cuiab?. Researches pretending to fill a blank of information about this subject involve theoritical and empirical levels. The theory searched to raise in a generalized manner given pertinent the informality and the pratical level through field research searched to analyze excellent aspects on the economic and occupational situation of a composed sample for two hundred and theree workers who develope the pratical one of the informal commerce in Shopping Popular in Cuiaba/MT. The analysis of gotten data alllowed to appreciate some excellent aspects with regard to the activity os the peddler, as: origni, formation, income, perspectives with regard to activity among others. In las analysis it still alllowed to verify the factors that condition the permanence these workers in this type of informal activity
O fen?meno da informalidade tem sido comum nas discuss?es que envolvem as Ci?ncias Humanas e Sociais. Primeiro por n?o corresponder a um fen?meno passageiro e isolado, e por outro lado por se tratar de uma situa??o presente na maioria dos centros urbanos brasileiros. No munic?pio de Cuiab?, o com?rcio alternativo emergiu como resposta social aos problemas ocasionados pela crise econ?mica do pa?s, e parece estar cada dia mais arraigado ? paisagem urbana. O foco desse trabalho foram os camel?s , exclusivamente ?queles que desenvolvem suas atividades em um local espec?fico na Baixada Cuiabana. A pesquisa pretendendo preencher uma lacuna de informa??o sobre o tema compreendeu os n?veis te?rico e emp?rico. A n?vel de teoria buscou-se levantar dados pertinentes a informalidade de maneira geral, e a n?vel pr?tico atrav?s de pesquisa de campo buscou-se analisar aspectos relevantes sobre a situa??o econ?mica e ocupacional de uma amostra composta por duzentos e tr?s trabalhadores que desenvolvem a pr?tica do com?rcio informal no Shopping Popular em Cuiab?/MT . A an?lise dos dados obtidos permitiu apreciar alguns aspectos relevantes com rela??o ? atividade do camel?, como: proced?ncia, forma??o, rendimento, perspectivas com rela??o a atividade entre outros. Em ?ltima an?lise, permitiu ainda verificar que fatores condicionam ? perman?ncia desses trabalhadores, nesse tipo de atividade informal
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Kapadia, Anita. "Sustainable development of urban informal settlements in Pakistan : case of economic activities within the informal settlements." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55627/.
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The housing scene in Pakistan during past few decades has become dominated by informal settlements. A lack of low income housing gave birth to the illegal settlements all over Pakistan comprising mostly low income households. Karachi in the past has faced high migration rates due political and economic turmoils both national and international. Apart from housing, informal settlements have small manufacturing units, retail and service industries. Over the years residents of informal settlements have started to upgrade and improve their surrounding environment with approval from government in most cases. The residents are expected to fund their own development schemes, hence the existence of economic enterprises within informal settlements and their contribution towards a lasting sustainable environment is the context of this research. The aim, therefore, is to 'investigate relationships between economic activities within informal settlements in urban areas of Pakistan and their links with the sustainable development process'. An extensive literature review was carried out and three conceptual case studies discussed with emphasis on current development planning. From the literature review it was found that legal backing is a key component for sustainable development processes. Main case studies from two cities: Karachi and Faisalabad were conducted. The data from the two sets was analysed and a visible link between economic enterprises and development initiatives was found. A detailed analysis of various stakeholders was also carried out to understand the capacity and capability of each one in terms of sustainable development initiatives. This research concludes that economic activities taking place within informal settlements are vital for the environmental development and ultimately sustainable development of the informal settlements. Recommendations following this outcome have been proposed for future sustainable plans. The use of this research can be extended towards developing and formulating new housing policies for other urban areas of Pakistan and for areas that have been destroyed by natural calamities. The incorporation of economic activities and livelihood opportunities within housing settlements would help in raising the affected communities from poverty.
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CINO, DAVIDE. "Condividere o non condividere? I dilemmi dello sharenting e la costruzione sociale della “buona” genitorialità digitale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/305230.
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Lo "sharenting", o l'atto di condividere rappresentazioni della propria genitorialità e/o dei propri figli online, è oggi prassi comune per molte famiglie contemporanee. Tale pratica mediatica è parte di un più vasto processo di "datificazione" della vita quotidiana, in cui informazioni e rappresentazioni che vanno dalla narrazione multimodale (i.e. scritta, fotografica, video) della propria gravidanza fino alla documentaizone della vita dei figli sui social media, sono trasformati in dati online. Diverse testate giornalsitiche e mediatiche a vario titolo hanno evidenziato gli aspetti controversi di tale pratica definendo i genitori odierni come inattenti e ingenui in merito. Diverse ricerche, tuttavia, suggeriscono che lungi dall'essere incorporata in maniera acritica, la pratica dello sharenting è spesso causa di veri e prorpi dilemmi digitali con cui i genitori contemporanei (e nella fattispecie le madri) si interfacciano. In tal senso, lo sharenting può diventare un terreno di "governance" della "digitalizzazione" della vita familiare quale ulteriore compito con cui i genitori contemporanei sono chiamati a interfacciarsi in un più vasto clima culturale di "genitorialità intensiva". La letteratura scientifica in merito, tuttavia, si è ad oggi limitata a riportare l'esistenza di tali dilemmi, senza approfondire se e a che livelli questi possano invece promuovere occasioni di apprendimento, presa di coscienza e riflessioni critiche rispetto a come affrontarli.
La ricerca descritta in questa tesi cerca di colmare questo gap adottando una metodologia molto diffusa nello studio dei dilemmi genitoriali "tradizionali" ma ad oggi non utilizzata rispetto ai dilemmi digitali: lo studio di conversazioni online sui forum per genitori quali occasioni per apprendere ad affrontare le sfide quotidiane della genitorialità. Tale ricerca di supporto online è di particolare rilievo nel caso dei dilemmi digitali dello sharenting, data la loro natura relativamente nuova che comporta un'assenza di modelli pedagogico-culturali cui i genitori possono attingere. Utilizzando il forum Baby Center come contesto di raccolta dati, sono state campionate 665 discussioni fra madri analizzate tramite un'analisi di contenuto e una serie di analisi tematiche, con l'obiettivo di individuare le tipologie di dilemmi narrati e i bisogni comunicativi, relazionali e formativi che hanno spinto queste madri a cercare supporto nel forum, nonché le traiettorie interpretative e prassiche costruite nel corso delle interazioni a più voci analizzate, quali esempi di co-costruzione di principi e corsi d'azione in merito al dominio della "buona" (i.e. moralmente connotata) "genitorialità digitale". Il forum è qui visto come uno spazio che -nel favorire un'interazione paritaria- si costituisce come ambiente informale di apprendimento in cui attivare processi ermeneutici e riflessivi di costruzione collettiva di significato che possono aiutare a superare o quantomeno leggere ed affrontare questi dilemmi, promuovendo in determinate circostanze anche apprendimenti e riposizionamenti o trasformazioni di sguardi nelle parti interagenti. Le discussioni analizzate, inoltre, vanno a costituire un deposito pedagogico di etnoteorie genitoriali rispetto ai dilemmi indagati a disposizione non soltanto delle parti interagenti, ma di chiunque dovesse accedere a queste conversazioni anche in un secondo momento in preda a una situazione dilemmatica disorientante.
I risultati di questo studio sono sintetizzabili in termini di contenuto e processo. Nel primo caso, possiamo riconoscere un ventaglio di conoscenze descrittive riguardanti i dilemmi digitali provocati nei genitori dall’incorporazione di una certa pratica mediatica, quale lo sharenting, nel contesto domestico. Nel secondo caso, la ricerca ha illuminato i processi di costruzione sociale di principi e idee regolatrici che governano la genitorialità digitale, e in senso lato la genitorialità contemporanea.“Sharenting” or sharing representations about one’s parenting and/or children online is a usual habit for families in the digital age. This practice is part of a broader process of datafication of the everyday life for many families, where information and representations ranging from one’s pregnancy to accounts of children’s lives are transformed into online data. While media outlets described parents as inattentive and naïve about it, empirical data supports many of them grapple with digital dilemmas concerning these digital narrations about their families on social media. What is currently lacking in the literature, though, are studies specifically reporting on the reflective practices parents engage in when trying to tackle these dilemmas. To fill this gap, this study explores how parenting forums can work as informal reflective and learning sites where parents naturally discuss digital dilemmas associated with sharenting (“Social Media Dilemmas”). The BabyCenter forum was used as a site of data collection to investigate these dilemmatic situations, focusing on threads where mothers wanted to discuss how the evolving communication ecology poses new challenges and doubts when it comes to governing their families’ and children’s digital presence. The contribution reports on results of content and thematic analyses of the opening posts and comments from 665 threads, looking at the types of dilemmas parents experience about sharenting, and how these are discussed, framed, and possibly overcome with peers. The dissertation focuses on how this naturally occurring conversations worked as informal educational reflective practices for parents to learn and make sense of sharenting as a contemporary source of dilemmas.
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McAllister, David H. "Informal networks and Saudi regime stability." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA340381.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997."September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Glenn E. Robinson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108). Also available online.
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D`Hondt, Sigurd. "Institutionalized identities in informal Kiswahili speech:." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-97780.
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In conversation, participants operate under the condition that they must demonstrate to each other what they assume to be the nature of their talk. This happens on a sequential basis. Every turn in conversation is typically followed by another one, and therefore it is paramount for the second turn in line, for its own intelligibility, to make clear how it relates to the preceding turn. In this way, by tracing the interpretations that are made `available´ by the participants themselves as they assemble their talk, one can obtain a technical specification from within of the procedures conversationalists use for eo-constructing their encounter. This approach to the study of talk and interaction, heavily influenced by Harold Garfinkel´s (1967) ethnomethodological program, became known as Conversation Analysis (CA).
This paper, then, is an attempt to reconceptualize the notion of institutionality in CA. At the same time, because it uses real conversational materials for doing so, it contains a substantive analysis of some of the procedures and situated practices the people in the sample resort to for accomplishing their interaction.
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Tuc, Mis Sine. "Informal Sector Wage Gap In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613741/index.pdf.
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Informality has been a widespread fact in most of developing countries. Especially after the implementation of liberalization policies in the 1980s, informal sector has expanded, and informal employment has been more attractive in the Turkish economy. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether there is wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008. In order to test if the determinants of wages are different, selection corrected wage equations are estimated for manufacturing and service sectors for men and women separately by using the Household Labor Force Survey micro level data of TURKSTAT. We also estimated Multinomial Logit model in order to be able to take the sector selection process into account. According to our estimation results, there was a significant wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008, even after controlling for a number of individual-specific characteristics. This indicates the existence of the segmented labor market in terms of wages in Turkey, as it is asserted by the number of researchers arguing against the neo-classical labor market theory.
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Wolska, Magdalena, and Ivana Kruijff-Korbayová. "Modeling anaphora in informal mathematical dialogue." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1045/.
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We analyze anaphoric phenomena in
the context of building an input understanding
component for a conversational
system for tutoring mathematics.In this paper, we report the results of data analysis of two sets of corpora of dialogs on mathematical theorem proving. We exemplify anaphoric phenomena, identify factors relevant to anaphora resolution in our domain and extensions to the input interpretation component to support it.