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Academic literature on the topic 'Informal Labour Market'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Informal Labour Market"

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Kuznetsova, Irina V. "INFORMALITY OF THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 25, no. 2 (July 27, 2019): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-2-116-132.

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Informal employment is one of the labour markets’ modern trends in the developed and developing countries. The author performs a review of informal economic activity researches. In particular, the concept of dual economy and its transformation are considered. The author pays attention to the K. Hart’s consepton that changed the prevalent opposition “modern-traditional” sectors of the economy to “formal-informal”. Due to Hart’s researches the informal sector was called the main source of the Third World countries’ development by ILO. Hart himself defining the essence of the informal sector based on Weber’s theory of modernization. According to it, genesis of capitalism demands development of a production and management rational organization. So informality is associated with a special degree of organization, not with a production scale or its productivity. The industrial society is characterized by formal or standard employment. In the postindustrial period other forms of employment appear under the influence of new informational technologies. The informal employment became normal and immanently inherent in the modern society. But typical doesn’t always mean positive. The wide spread of informality is the main challenge to the sustainable development of the modern countries. An informal employment growth on the national labour market is one of the main problems. The negative consequences of the informal employment practice are: on the one hand, violation of labour rights, and, on the other hand — underinvestment of the state budget. As far as a Russians’ subjective opinion on the informal status of employment is concerned, the researches didn’t find any real correlation between being informal employed and self-esteem. The difference between the formal and informal employment for a Russian employees isn’t considerable. The employed Russian population feels equal uncomfortable in the formal and informal sectors. The phenomenon indicates low quality of the formal sector’s institutions.
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Njoda Mathurin, Tchakounté, and MBAM Ulrich Gaetan. "Labour Force Participation of Cameroonians in Informal Sector." International Journal Of Innovation And Economic Development 2, no. 2 (2015): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.22.2005.

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In this paper, we analyze the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of informal workers in Cameroon. We also estimate the effects of some determining factors on LFP decisions. We use data from the Cameroon National Institute of Statistics (CNIS), a three-wave panel obtained respectively in 2001, 2005 and 2010 for a sample of individuals in the labour market. The sample data of the national population is representative. All information’s on demographic, socioeconomic and employment characteristics used in this study are provided by the CNIS database. It is particularly remarkable that the LFPR in informal sector increased substantially during latest years, particularly those of young workers. This rise in the LFPR is principally explained by the significant increase in the labour-market activity of the urban younger generation which has been improved by migration. Estimating a simple model of LFP with logistic methodology, we find that poverty, age and urbanization are significantly related with LFPR of informal labour market in Cameroon.
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Bennett, John. "Informal Production and Labour Market Segmentation." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 167, no. 4 (2011): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jite-2011-0009.

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Hillmann, Felicitas. "Ethnisierung oder Internationalisierung?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 30, no. 120 (September 1, 2000): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v30i120.769.

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The paper examines the intersection of migration systems and urban labour markets and focusses then empirically on the case of the Turkish ethnic economy in Berlin and the ethnic structuration of its labour market. Ethnic economies are further conceptualized as functioning also gendering revolving doors between the formal and the informal segments of the labor market.
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Szulc-Obłoza, Agnieszka. "INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE POLISH LABOUR MARKET." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 493 (2017): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.493.09.

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Di Porto, Edoardo, Leandro Elia, and Cristina Tealdi. "Informal work in a flexible labour market." Oxford Economic Papers 69, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpw010.

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Lee, Raymond M. "Redundancy, Labour Markets and Informal Relations." Sociological Review 33, no. 3 (August 1985): 469–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1985.tb02436.x.

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As a result of its ‘slimline’ plan put into effect in May 1980, the British Steel Corporation made nearly 6,000 workers redundant from its Abbey Works in Port Talbot. The relationship between redundancies at the plant, the labour market experiences of those made redundant and the way in which the two are mediated by informal relational structures is examined. It is argued (a) that the labour market chances of those made redundant were structured by the character of the redundancy process which made certain kinds of worker vulnerable to selection for redundancy; and (b) that the operation of the labour market changed as a result of the redundancies in ways which advantaged those among the redundant who were informally linked to certain kinds of opportunities on the demand side of the labour market. Some wider implications of the patterns found are discussed.
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Madan, Sonu, and Ritu Goyal. "Determinants of Informality and Monetary Outcomes of Informal Labour Market in Haryana." Journal of National Development 31, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/31/58284.

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Visser, M. Anne. "A floor to exploitation? Social economy organizations at the edge of a restructuring economy." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 5 (April 1, 2016): 782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016638020.

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Despite research documenting social economy organizations (SEOs) as important labour market intermediaries in the informal economy, the impact of these organizations on employment outcomes experienced by workers engaged in these labour markets is relatively unknown. This article analyses the impact of day labour worker centres on employment outcomes experienced in the informal day labour economy of the United States. Using data from the National Day Labour Survey, findings indicate that these organizations improve working conditions for day labourers and suggest the potential for SEOs to regulate employment processes within the informal economy. However increasing the regulatory capacity of SEOs will require addressing larger political and socioeconomic contexts in which the informal economy is embedded.
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Meccheri, Nicola, and Luciano Fanti. "Informal incentive labour contracts and product market competition." Journal of Economics 111, no. 2 (November 18, 2012): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-012-0324-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Informal Labour Market"

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Pribaz, Carlo Eduardo Alcaraz. "The informal labour market in Mexico." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433586.

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García, Gómez Pilar. "Health, informal care and labour market outcomes in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7376.

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Esta tesis contribuye a la literatura analizando los efectos causales que el estado de salud tiene sobre la participación laboral en la población en edad de trabajar. De este modo, analiza los efectos que un deterioro en el estado de salud tiene sobre la participación laboral del individuo, así como los efectos de proveer cuidados informales sobre la participación laboral femenina. El primer capítulo utiliza una aproximación empírica homogénea en nueve países europeos, lo que hace posible relacionar las diferencias encontradas con diferencias en el contexto institucional. El segundo capítulo analiza el papel que juega el estado de salud en las transiciones hacia y fuera del empleo. Los resultados muestran que el estado de salud general afecta simétricamente las entradas y salidas del empleo, mientras que cambios en el estado de salud mental sólo influyen el riesgo de abandonar el empleo. El tercer capítulo examina los efectos de varios tipos de cuidados informales en el comportamiento laboral femenino. Los resultados sugieren que los costes de oportunidad laborales aparecen en aquellas mujeres que conviven con la persona dependiente, al mismo tiempo que los efectos negativos surgen cuando se proveen cuidados informales por un período superior al año.
This thesis aims to contribute to the literature with an attempt to identify the causal effects of health on labour market outcomes in the working-age population. I analyse the effects of the onset of a health shock on the individuals' labour market outcomes, and also the effects of caregiving on female labour participation. The first chapter uses a homogeneous empirical framework to estimate the first set of effects on nine European countries, which allows me to relate the empirical estimates to differences in social security arrangements across these countries. The second chapter analyses the role of health in exits out of and entries into employment and the results show that general health affects symmetrically entries into and exits out of employment, but changes in mental health status influence only the hazard of non-employment for the stock sample of workers. The third chapter examines the effects of various types of informal care on female labour behaviour and the results suggest the existence of labour opportunity costs for those women who live with the dependent person they care for, and the negative effects appear when caregiving for more than a year.
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Iosifides, Theodoros. "Recent foreign immigration and the labour market in Athens." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360526.

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This thesis presents a mainly empirical analysis of the phenomenon of recent immigration to the Athens conurbation and of the relationship of foreign workers to the Athenian lahour market. The research focuses on three of the main groups of foreign migrant workers from Third World and Eastern European countries: Albanians, Egyptians and Filipinos. After an analysis of the nature and characteristics of the Greek economy and labour market the research is built around three major topics: the differentiation of migrant groups within the context of Greek labour market segmentation; the relation between immigration and the informal, underground economy; and the impact of immigration on the spatial and social division of labour in Athens. Methodologically, the main effort of the study was a field survey of recent immigrants in Athens, undertaken over a period of seven months hetween August 1995 and February 1996. The first three chapters of the thesis contain the theoretical hackground to the empirical research. Chapter 4 contains a detailed presentation of methodological tools and approaches adopted during the field research in Athens. Chapter 5 presents the general background and profile data of 141 immigrants interviewed, including such variables as age, sex, time and means of arrival, education and training, reasons for migrating to Greece, family circumstances, remittance behaviour, and plans for the future. Chapter 6 is an extended discussion of the interactions between immigrants and the Athens labour market, based partly on a detailed analysis of the city's economy and social formation, and pattly on interview results. Chapter 7 looks more closely at the day-to-day lives of the immigrants in Athens, focusing in particular on their housing arrangements and their impact on the social geography of the city. Finally Chapter 8 concludes the thesis. It shows how the empirical findings to the different research questions are related to each other and how these findings are related to past and contemporary theories of migration. The strengths and weaknesses of the research are evaluated and suggestions for further research made.
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Berger, Michael. "IRREGULAR MIGRANTS IN THE SWEDISH SHADOW LABOUR MARKET -A study on Polish migrants working in the informal labour market in Stockholm." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21607.

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Denna studie undersöker hur illegala polska migranter lever och arbetar i Stockholm. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka varför polacker väljer illegal invandring till Stockholm som strategy. Dessutom hur strukturer i den svenska arbetsmarknaden och kontrol myndigheter påverkar dem. Studien visar att de flesta polacker hade kontakter med polska nätverk som redan var etablerade i Sverige före tanken på migration som en möjlig strategy tog form. Starka länkar kunde utskiljas mellan dessa nätverk i Stockholm och två regioner i norra Polen. Länkar kunde också utskiljas till tre regioner i södra Polen. Resultaten visar att strukturer inom den svenska arbetsmarknaden har gjort hemstädning till en niche för polacker som arbetar svart i Stockholm. Studien visar att många arbetade svart inom bygg och trädgårdsbranchen, dock inte i samma uttsträckning. Att resa genom Tyskland för att ta sig till Sverige var ett vanligt sätt att kringgå starka gränskontroller före det polska EU medlemskapet. Det svenska personnumret fungerar väl som kontrolfunktion och gör det svårt för illegala polacker att hyra lägenheter. För att kringgå detta hyr de ofta enstaka rum istället. En majoritet av polacker i studien tror inte att ett polsk EU medlemskap kommer att påverka deras arbete och leverne i Stockholm och kommer därmed fortsätta att arbeta svart.
This thesis is a study on Polish irregular migrants living and working in the Stockholm metropolitan region. The aim of the paper is to find out why Poles choose irregular migration to Stockholm as a strategy, and how the Swedish labour market structure and control authorities influence them. This study shows that most Poles had contacts with Polish networks already established in Sweden before contemplating irregular migration as a strategy. Strong links could be found between these networks in Stockholm and two regions in northern Poland. Clear links were also found to three regions in southern Poland. Swedish labour market structure has helped to make domestic cleaning a niche for undocumented Poles in Stockholm although many were also working in the gardening and building/renovation sectors. Results from this paper show that strong Swedish control functions make a number of survival strategies necessary to enter and live undocumented in Sweden. Transiting through Germany was a common way for undocumented Poles to bypass strong Swedish migration controls before Poland joined the EU. Internal control functions such as the Swedish personal ID number make renting apartments difficult for undocumented Poles, which make renting rooms a better option. A majority of undocumented Poles do not believe that Poland%u2019s membership will affect their work and lives in Stockholm and they will therefore continue to work undocumented.
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Soares, Fabio Veras. "The informal labour market in Brazil : job queue, trade liberalisation and minimum wage." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446681/.

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The main concern of this thesis is to investigate several aspects of the informal sector in Brazil. First, it aims to establish and analyze in depth some stylized facts such as the increase in the size of the informal sector during the 1980's and the 1990's and the fall in the wage gap between formal and informal workers in the mid-1990's. Second, it tests whether informal sector workers queue for formal jobs. Third, it analyses the effect of policy changes on the informal sector. In this regard, it investigates the impact of the trade liberalisation process of the early 1990's on the proportion of informal workers and on the wage gap between formal and informal workers, and the impact of minimum wage hikes on the transitions to and from both the formal and informal sectors. As for the main results we find that: 1) Informal sector workers queue for formal jobs and that non-white, female, less educated, ''new entrants" and former informal workers are the groups with the lower probability of being chosen from the queue for formal jobs; 2) the fall in the wage gap between registered and non-registered workers in the manufacturing sector was affected by trade-related variables, particularly, by the import penetration ratio. However, we do not find robust evidence that trade liberalization had a substantial impact on the fall in the proportion of registered Workers; 3) there were no disemployment effects of the minimum wage in the 1980's, but there were some disemployment effects in the 1990's for both formal and informal sector workers. However, we find no strong evidence that minimum wage hikes led to transitions from formal to informal sector or to self-employment either in the 1980's or in the 1990's.
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Carneiro, Francisco Galrao. "Labour market institutions, insider power and informal employment in Brazilian wage determination : 1980-1993." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308838.

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Gendera, Sandra Social Policy Research Centre Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Tansnational Care Space Zentraleuropa. Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen von irregulär beschäftigten Migrantinnen in der häuslichen Pflege." Awarded by:Universit??t Wien. Fakult??t f??r Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39281.

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Bernabe, Sabine Lucie. "Informal labour market activity : a social safety net during economic transition? : the case of Georgia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2682/.

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This thesis provides the first in depth study of formal and informal labour markets in Georgia, based on the analysis of labour force and household survey data for 1998, 1999. A conceptual framework is developed, which distinguishes informal activities from other types of untaxed, unregulated and/or unmeasured activities (illegal, underground and household activities). Despite a massive collapse in output, following the dismantlement of the former Soviet Union, open unemployment increased relatively little in Georgia. This thesis suggests that this was, in part, due to a transfer of labour into informal employment. The results show that by 1999, 52% of total (34% of non-agricultural) employment was informal. It argues that the resulting fiscal crisis squeezed social security provision and individuals could not afford to be unemployed. It also shows that there was little growth in private firms capable of absorbing labour shed from the state sector. With limited formal job creation and no adequate social benefits, labour shifted mainly into informal employment. The analysis shows that informal activities provide a social safety net. Informal employment is found to increase the risk of poverty with respect to formal employment and to lower it with respect to unemployment and inactivity ceteris paribus. Assuming that individuals are utility maximizing and that they make rational choices, this thesis concludes that, on average, individuals work informally because there is no formal alternative and because they are better off than being unemployed or inactive. However, the informal sector is also found to be contributing to deskilling the labour force, further marginalizing certain vulnerable groups, and its concentration amongst ethnic minorities and underprivileged regions could contribute to undermining Georgia's stability. The challenge for policy will be how to benefit from the informal sector's capacity to provide a social safety net, while minimizing its potentially detrimental consequences.
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Patsyurko, Nataliya. "Circumventing the state : illegal labour migration from Ukraine as a strategy within the informal economy." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115615.

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This thesis examines labour migration as an outcome of the interaction between the state and the informal economy, by considering the trends of contemporary labour migration from Ukraine to Southern Europe. It contends that in both the sending and receiving countries, migration policies either disregard or severely limit labour migration, while their informal economies facilitate the development of migration. This basic contradiction sustains migration flows over time. The main argument of the thesis is that migration develops within the system of interacting informal economies. I demonstrate the embeddedness of migration in the informal economy by using the case of Ukrainian migration to Italy.
The role of the informal economy in the development of migration is examined across several dimensions. First, I argue that the recent labour migration from Ukraine emerged as a strategy of the informal economy, continuing the previous strategies of cross-border trading and short-term migration to Central Europe. These economic practices were the innovative responses of the population to the decline of the state economy and to the absence of economic reforms. Migration developed in the space between the state and the market economy.
Second, the flows of labour migration were 'invisible' to states, and developed outside state control and regulation. This thesis demonstrates that the migration policies of the Ukrainian state disregarded the process of out-migration of Ukrainian citizens. Similarly, Italian immigration policies did not recognise the existing flows of labour migration. The informal economy of the receiving state resolved the contradiction between the economic demand for migrant workers and restrictive migration policies and enabled access to the receiving economy.
However, access to the receiving labour market through the informal economy contributed to the disadvantaged incorporation of migrants and prevented their integration into the receiving society. The analysis of economic incorporation demonstrates that the informal economy channelled Ukrainian migrants to the secondary labour market with low earnings, a lack of benefits, and no possibility of professional advancement. The mode of access to the receiving economy and the resulting illegality heavily influenced the position of Ukrainian migrants in the labour market.
Finally, the analysis of Ukrainian labour migration to Italy demonstrates that alternative migration-facilitating institutions were developed in the absence of the state recognition of labour migration. These institutions paralleled the institutions of the official labour markets and allowed migrants to implement income-generating projects. In addition, migration was facilitated by the supporting institutions of the receiving society, which counteracted the restrictive immigration laws and political controls on migration. The migration-supporting institutions were predicated on the strategies of circumventing state control which developed from participation in the informal economy of the sending country. Labour migration from the former Soviet Union would not be possible without these informal practices and the culture of avoiding state control in economic activities.
The proposed analysis answers the challenge posed by the recent Ukrainian labour migration to conventional theories on migration, whose approaches usually omit references to the meso-level of migration processes, and consider either the structural-economic or the micro- determinants of migration. This thesis presents the informal economy both as a structural factor which enables migration and as a characteristic of the migrant agency that facilitates it.
By doing that, the thesis also complements the literature on migration to Southern Europe and argues that migrations are not simply encouraged by the informal economies of the receiving countries, but they emerge from, and are facilitated by, the informal economies of the sending countries. To perpetuate migration migrants creatively use the resources of the informal economy in conjunction with strategies of circumventing the state. This argument holds for a number of ex-Soviet countries, which suffered severe economic crises during the disintegration of the state-controlled socialist economies, and consequently produced significant labour migrations to Western Europe.
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Calixtre, André Bojikian 1982. "A condição informal = reflexões sobre o processo de informalidade no Brasil contemporâneo." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286363.

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Orientador: José Ricardo Barbosa Gonçalves
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T00:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calixtre_AndreBojikian_M.pdf: 2382501 bytes, checksum: 5afcb370f5cdabd9a13717e3d3ce8b97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Pretende-se versar sobre a questão da informalidade como um modo de vida, um conceito que, em suas múltiplas manifestações, surge no debate internacional, aos fins dos 1960 e torna-se um dos elementos fundamentais para a compreensão do mercado de trabalho no Brasil contemporâneo, nos outros países subdesenvolvidos e mesmo no mundo desenvolvido. No Brasil, a ponte entre a informalidade e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico será entendida como a dinâmica histórica da formação social capitalista brasileira. Esta dinâmica pode ser condensada, no que se refere ao sentido do desenvolvimento, como a interdependência entre moderno e arcaico, manifestada ora na forma de complementaridade, ora de antagonismo aberto e insuperável, mas sempre no sentido de mutualidade mediante constante reinvenção do moderno e do arcaico no processo histórico. Por meio dessa interpretação, encontrar-se-á o espaço em que se reproduzem as relações entre um sujeito histórico específico, criador de um Estado nacional cujo funcionamento é igualmente peculiar. Enfocando a questão do trabalho, essa relação contemporaneamente se reproduz em meio a um Processo de Informalidade, ou seja, de formas dinâmicas e subordinadas de organização da produção exercidas pelo bloqueio da racionalização das relações entre esferas pública e privada. Ao capturar o sentido deste trabalhador informal e sujeito histórico, em busca de padrões de sociabilidade distintos dos espaços formais da economia é possível avançar na compreensão de sua condição informal, bem como dos limites e possibilidades transformadores para o desenvolvimento nacional
Abstract: The Informal Condition: reflections on the Informality Process in contemporary's Brazil. It is intended to board Informality as a way of life, a concept which in many ways appears in the international debate, to the end of 1960s and became one of the key elements for understanding labour markets in contemporary's Brazil and other underdeveloped countries, and recently in the developed world. In Brazil's case, the bridge between informality and socioeconomic development is based on historical dynamics of Brazilian capitalist social formation. This dynamics can be condensed, regarding to the direction of development, as the interdependence between modern and archaic social structures, sometimes manifested as complementarities, sometimes undefeatable antagonism, but always in the sense of mutuality through constant reinvention of modern and archaic in the historical process. Using this interpretation, it will be searched for the "locus" that reproduces the relationship between a specific historical subject, creator of a National State whose operation is also peculiar. The working hypothesis stands that this relationship is reproduced simultaneously in the midst of an Informality Process, ie, in dynamic forms and also subordinate organizations of production focused on blocking rationalization of relations between public and private spheres. By capturing the meaning of this informal worker and historical subject, searching for distinct patterns of sociability of the formal economy, it is possible to advance the understanding of their Informal Condition as well as the limits and possibilities for national development changing
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Books on the topic "Informal Labour Market"

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Evandrou, Maria. Informal carers and the labour market in Britain. London: Suntory-ToyotaInternational Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, 1993.

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The urban informal sector and labour market information systems. Santiago, Chile: PREALC, 1986.

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The irregular economy: The "underground" economy and the "black" labour market. Aldershot, Hants, England: Dartmouth, 1990.

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Marjit, Sugata. The outsiders: Economic reform and informal labour in a developing economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Heitmueller, Axel. The chicken or the egg?: Endogeneity in labour market participation of informal carers in England. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Female participation in the labour market: The case of the informal sector in Kenya. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 2006.

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Saibal, Kar, ed. The outsiders: Economic reform and informal labour in a developing economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Woltermann, Silke. Transitions in Segmented Labor Markets: The Case of Brazil. Bern: Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 2018.

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Centre for Poverty Analysis (Sri Lanka) and Joint Initiative for Monitoring Development Trends in Central Province (Sri Lanka), eds. Real wage trends and labour market integration in the informal sector: The case of the Central Province in Sri Lanka. Colombo: Centre for Poverty Analysis, 2004.

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Bank finance for self-employment in a metropolitan labour market, Ahmedabad: Utilisation and issues : experience of rehabilitating workers of closed textile mills. Ahmedabad: Gandhi Labour Institute, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Informal Labour Market"

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Galli, Rossana, and David Kucera. "Labour Standards and Informal Employment in Latin America." In In Defence of Labour Market Institutions, 192–217. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584204_9.

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Slade, Bonnie, Yang Cathy Luo, and Daniel Schugurensky. "The Experiences of Immigrants who Volunteer to Access the Labour Market." In Volunteer Work, Informal Learning and Social Action, 101–14. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-233-4_6.

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Raj S. N., Rajesh, and Kunal Sen. "What Do We Know About Firms in the Informal Manufacturing Sector in India?" In Globalization, Labour Market Institutions, Processes and Policies in India, 47–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7111-0_2.

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Shonchoy, Abu S., and P. N. Raja Junankar. "The Informal Labour Market in India: Transitory or Permanent Employment for Migrants?" In Development Economics, 173–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137555229_13.

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Magidimisha, Hangwelani Hope. "Gender, Migration and Crisis in Southern Africa: Contestations and Tensions in the Informal Spaces and ‘Illegal Labour’ Market." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 75–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59235-0_5.

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Tarum, Häli, and Dagmar Kutsar. "The Impact of the Policy Framework on the Integration of Informal Carers into the Labour Market in Tartu, Estonia." In Social Indicators Research Series, 195–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16163-1_13.

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Chłoń-Domińczak, Agnieszka. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Poland." In IMISCOE Research Series, 327–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_22.

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Abstract Poland was traditionally an “emigration country”, but the available data indicates that the migration patterns in Poland changed significantly after the EU accession. While in the course of the 1990s, after economic transition, the international mobility of Poles declined, it accelerated after the EU accession in May 2004. The large scale of emigration also led to labour market shortages in Poland. In recent years, Poland observed a high inflow of migrant workers, particularly from Ukraine. The increasing share of foreigners residing in Poland creates a challenge for the social protection system, which has quite complex eligibility rules. Furthermore, many non-EU nationals are working in the informal economy with no access to social protection.
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Minteguiaga, Analía, and Valerie Carmel. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Ecuador." In IMISCOE Research Series, 109–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_6.

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AbstractFormal labour and affiliation to Ecuador’s social security system is the main gateway for access to social protection benefits, especially in the case of migrants. However, a large informal labour market and low levels on inclusion in the social security system forces large sectors of society to rely on family and community arrangements for the management of risk and economic uncertainty. The state provides some non-contributory benefits through cash transfer programs but, with the exception of health care, these only cover people living in conditions of extreme poverty. Universal, non-means tested programs are limited to the public health and education systems. Overall, migrants face several obstacles to access social protection benefits. Gaining the right to work legally is mostly reserved for white-collar and highly educated immigrants, excluding impoverished immigrants. Paired to the inability to access labour-related benefits and government programs for the so-called poor, immigrants lack the safety nets provided by extended family and a community setting. Nationals residing abroad have restricted access to social benefits, having access only to the contributory pension system on a voluntary basis. This chapter discusses the social protection system in Ecuador and focuses on eligibility criteria to show the extent of migrants’ access to the social benefits.
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D’Souza, Errol. "Migrants and Informal Casual Labour Markets." In Conceptualizing the Ubiquity of Informal Economy Work, 33–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7428-3_4.

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Martín-Artiles, Antonio, Eduardo Chávez-Molina, and Renata Semenza. "Social Models for Dealing with Inequalities." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 35–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_2.

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AbstractThis chapter compares social models in Europe and Latin America. The goal is to study the interaction between two institutions: on the one hand, pre-distributive (ex ante) institutions, such as the structure and coverage of collective bargaining and, on the other hand, post-distributive (ex post) institutions, such as unemployment protection and social policy. Pre-distributive institutions are important for correcting inequalities in the labour market, because they introduce guidelines for egalitarian wage structures. Post-distributive institutions help to mitigate inequalities generated in the labour market.The methodology is based on statistical analysis of a series of indicators related to pre and post-distributive policies. The results present three types of model: (1) coordinated economies, typical of neo-corporatist Scandinavian countries; (2) mixed economies, typical of Mediterranean systems, and (3) uncoordinated economies, which equate to liberalism and the Latin American ‘structural heterogeneity’ model. It is neo-corporatist coordinated economies that generate the most pre and post-distributive equality. In turn, uncoordinated economies, and Latin American ones in particular, generate more inequalities due to highly informal employment and the weakness of their post-distributive institutions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Informal Labour Market"

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Kotulovski, Karla, and Sandra Laleta. "THE ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF FOREIGN SEASONAL WORKERS: DID THE CORONAVIRUS EMERGENCY WORSEN ALREADY PRECARIOUS WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR?" In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18310.

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Seasonal workers are increasingly important in some Member States as a means to fill the labour market needs. Preferred due to their lower salaries, greater docility and the evasion of administrative and social security obligations, migrant workers are often treated less favourably than domestic workers in terms of employment rights, benefits and access to adequate housing. The agricultural sector of employment is particularly at risk of labour exploitation during harvest seasons and thus associated with atypical or informal forms of employment and precarious working conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic gave visibility to the new risks the seasonal workers are exposed to. In addition, it showed that in some cases such problems can lead to the further spreading of infectious diseases and increase the risk of COVID-19 clusters. The consequences of of the pandemic can be observed in Croatia too. This paper primarily covers the position of third-country nationals who enter and reside in Croatia for the purpose of agricultural seasonal work within the framework of the Seasonal Workers Directive (Directive 2014/36/EU). Significant challenges facing the Croatian labour market have been addressed by means of a comparative approach in order to present the current situation on the EU labour market and suggest potential legal solutions applicable in regard to the national circumstances.
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Adebiyi, Juwon, Adebola Bada, Daniel Maduagwu, and Emem Udoh. "Practical Approach for Implementation of the Revised National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health 2020 in the Informal Sector: A Focus on South-South Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208225-ms.

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Abstract The regulation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Nigeria, which is currently seeing some progress in the formal sector, has been short of impressive in the informal sector of the economy. Con- sidering it is the role of every government to ensure that all sectors of the economy operate in a manner that guarantees and ensures the safety and well-being of its citizens, Article 4 of International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155- Occupational Safety and Health Convention was ratified by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) in 1994, which led to the development of a coherent National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health in 2006. This, inter alia, failed to address the informal sector; hence the Revised National Policy on OSH 2020 was introduced by the Govern- ment, through the office of the Honorable Minister of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment, as a framework for bridging the existing gap. In a bid to ensure the success of the Policy document, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment was designated the Competent Authority by the Government. This paper takes a look at the stakeholders in the informal sector of the economy, focusing on the south- south part of Nigeria, and identifies some of the challenges hampering the effective implementation of Occupational Safety and Health systems needed for the promotion of safety and health at workplaces. It concludes by providing a practical tool that can be a guide for the policy users, especially in the in- formal sector of the Nigerian economy, in alignment with the second of the three determinants of the future of energy, as captured in the theme for NAICE 2021: "The Future of energy – a trilogy of de- terminants; Climate Change, Public Health, and the Global Oil Market".
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Simonova, M. V. "Informal Employment Trends In Regional Labor Markets." In GCPMED 2018 - International Scientific Conference "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.82.

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Gadelshina, Galina, Anna Aksyanova, Julia Aleksandrovskaya, and Svetlana Soloveva. "Econometric Analysis of Informal Employment in the Russian Labor Market." In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development” (NSRBCPED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200324.033.

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Vicente, Romero de Ávila Serrano, Sarai Diaz García, Laura Asensio Sánchez, Jose Antonio Lozano Galant, Amparo Moyano Enríquez de Salamanca, Rocío Porras Soriano, Elisa Poveda Bautista, et al. "Developing speaking competences in technical English for Spanish civil engineering students." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5564.

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Traditionally, Spanish schools of civil engineering provide their students a class on “Technical English” in order to develop their language skills. However, this class does not cover all the skills that the student would need in the labor market and mainly focuses in the reading and writing skills, and in a lower degree in the speaking and listening ones. This paper proposes a series of innovative and informal training activities (cine-forum on technical civil engineering topics and role playing on real professional situations) that allow Spanish civil engineering students to develop English skills that can rarely be worked in the classroom (i.e. speaking, negotiating and conversing), encouraging debate, participation, and fostering their self-confidence to speak about technical-English topics in public. Although the students’ level of English is much lower than expected, they all agree on the importance of technical English for their future career. The results also show the students’ lack in skills that are difficult to train in regular classes (speaking and talking). Consequently, this situation would require to provide complementary activities like the ones suggested in this project in order to develop these skills and increase the students’ demand for engineering classes taught in English.
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Karanja, Erastus, Donna M. Grant, Shinetta Freeman, and David Anyiwo. "Entry Level Systems Analysts: What Does the Industry Want?" In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3499.

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This study investigates the skill sets necessary for entry level systems analysts. Towards this end, the study combines two sources of data, namely, a content analysis of 200 systems analysts’ online job advertisements and a survey of 20 senior Information Systems (IS) professionals. Based on Chi-square tests, the results reveal that most employers prefer entry level systems analysts with an undergraduate Computer Science degree. Furthermore, most of the employers prefer entry level systems analysts to have some years of experience as well as industry certifications. The results also reveal that there is a higher preference for entry level systems analysts who have non-technical and people skills (e.g., problem solving and oral communication). The empirical results from this study will inform IS educators as they develop future systems analysts. Additionally, the results will be useful to the aspiring systems analysts who need to make sure that they have the necessary job skills before graduating and entering the labor market.
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Reports on the topic "Informal Labour Market"

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Enfield, Sue. Covid-19 Impact on Employment and Skills for the Labour Market. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.081.

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This literature review draws from academic and grey literature, published largely as institutional reports and blogs. Most information found considered global impacts on employment and the labour market with the particular impact for the very high numbers of youth, women, migrant workers, and people with disabilities who are more likely to be employed in the informal sector. There has been a high negative impact on the informal sector and for precariously employed groups. The informal labour market is largest in low and middle-income countries and engages 2 billion workers (62 percent) of the global workforce (currently around 3.3 billion). Particularly in low- and middle-income countries, hard-hit sectors have a high proportion of workers in informal employment and workers with limited access to health services and social protection. Economic contractions are particularly challenging for micro, small, and medium enterprises to weather. Reduced working hours and staff reductions both increase worker poverty and hardship. Women, migrant workers, and youth form a major part of the workforce in the informal economy since they are more likely to work in these vulnerable, low-paying informal jobs where there are few protections, and they are not reached by government support measures. Young people have been affected in two ways as many have had their education interrupted; those in work these early years of employment (with its continued important learning on the job) have been interrupted or in some cases ended.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Herkenhoff, Kyle F. Informal Unemployment Insurance and Labor Market Dynamics. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.057.

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Bayer, Patrick, Stephen Ross, and Giorgio Topa. Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11019.

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Raei, Lamia. Exploring the Links: Youth participation and employment opportunities in Jordan. Oxfam IBIS, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7981.

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Oxfam partners with the Jordanian Hashemite Fund for Human Development (JOHUD) through its Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme in order to connect with communities and train local community-based organizations (CBOs). JOHUD’s aim is to build the job-seeking capacity of youth in four governorates in Jordan. The programme organizes informal activities involving peer-to-peer education to help young people engage in the community as volunteers, and links them to various governmental and non-governmental institutions. COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns have altered the organization’s operations, with most projects shifting online. JOHUD has adopted a youth-led initiative aimed at matching young people’s skills with labour-market demand in each governorate where the programme operates. This case study presents examples of how the programme has helped young people transform into professionals, and how youth-led employment centres can contribute to youth development activities.
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García-Rojas, Karen, Paula Herrera-Idárraga, Leonardo Fabio Morales, Natalia Ramírez-Bustamante, and Ana María Tribín-Uribe. (She)cession: The Colombian female staircase fall. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1140.

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This article seeks to analyze the Colombian labor market during the COVID-19 crisis to explore its effect on labor market gender gaps. The country offers an interesting setting for analysis because, as most countries in the Global South, it has an employment market that combines formal and informal labor, which complicates the nature of the pandemic's aftermath. Our exploration offers an analysis that highlights the crisis's effects as in a downward staircase fall that mainly affects women compared to men. We document a phenomenon that we will call a "female staircase fall." Women lose status in the labor market; the formal female workers' transition to informal jobs, occupied women fall to unemployment, and the unemployed go to inactivity; therefore, more and more women are relegated to domestic work. We also study how women’s burden of unpaid care has increased due to the crisis, affecting their participation in paid employment.
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Flórez, Luz Adriana. The search and matching equilibrium in an economy with an informal sector: a positive analysis of labor market policies. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.831.

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Raei, Lamia. A Pathway to Youth Employment: Youth internships programme in Jordan. Oxfam IBIS, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7956.

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As part of the Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme, Oxfam’s partner INJAZ works to bridge the skills gap between the educational system and the changing needs of the labour market in Jordan. Oxfam supports the INJAZ internship programme, which aims to integrate young people into private-sector companies in order to help inform their future career choices. For many young people who participate in the programme, their internship is a stepping-stone to full employment. This case study presents examples of young people who enrolled in the scheme, enhanced their skills, and found a job. Though the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 has affected the pace of recruitment, Oxfam and INJAZ are still working tirelessly to achieve the programme’s mission.
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Navajas, Fernando, Hildegart Ahumada, Santos Espina-Mairal, and Guillermo Bermúdez. Productivity Growth and Infrastructure-Related Sectors: The Case of Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003606.

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This technical note examines the interactions between infrastructure and productivity growth in Mexico. To address this relation, we follow an approach that seek to tie down infrastructure productivity improvements in terms of the impact of particular types of infrastructure on particular sectors, thus providing the basis for informed decisions on investment priorities for economic growth. We have been able to identify significant relations between labor and capital productivity improvements, or capital deepening (i.e., investment) in infrastructure-related sectors and labor productivity improvements in other sectors. Sectoral infrastructure priorities can be found in the transport and energy sectors, broadly defined, with effects that have regional differences. The nature of our results points to complementary policies and the need to improve the regulatory compact for infrastructure in Mexico. Our results recommend special attention to the regulatory/competition policy approach in transport, and the electricity wholesale market.
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Gandini, Camilla, Andrea Monje Silva, and Pablo Guerrero. Gender and Transport in Haiti: Gender Diagnostic and Gender Action Plan. Edited by Amanda Beaujon Marin. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003069.

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This technical note encompasses Haiti's gender assessment, evaluates the success of gender specific actions implemented between 2011-2017, and presents a Gender and Transport Action Plan (GAP). The GAPs main aim is to guide investments in Haiti's transport sector in conceptualizing and designing gender-sensitive transport projects. By proposing specific gender actions and outcomes, the GAP establishes a clear path to integrate a gender dimension into operations design, implementation and, monitoring and evaluation. The GAP presents an overall plan to support the development of Haitian women. However, it focuses in the needs of women as transport services users and devotes specific attention to two female sub-groups, comprised by Haitian women engaged in informal trade of local and regional products. These women are known as Madan Sara (MS), and local female mango producers and traders (MPT). The decision of focusing on MS is related to their vital role in the Haitian local labor market and the peculiarity of their work, which has specific transport needs. Understanding and addressing these female groups transport constrains could strategically improve the outcomes of upcoming transport investments and bring more benefits to its beneficiaries.
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