Relevant bibliographies by topics / Informal

Academic literature on the topic 'Informal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Informal"

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Blyaher, Leonid. "Informally on Informal." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 15, no. 3 (2016): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2016-3-234-240.

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Ramos Soto, Ana Luz. "Sector informal, economía informal e informalidad / Informal sector, informal economy and informality." RIDE Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo 6, no. 11 (October 12, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23913/ride.v6i11.172.

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El objetivo de la presente propuesta es analizar la economía informal y cómo esta participa en la generación de autoempleo en la economía mexicana. Para ello se describen los conceptos del sector informal, la informalidad y la economía informal, y se analizan diferentes indicadores que permiten medir el fenómeno de estudio. En el trabajo de campo se utilizaron fuentes de información secundaria que permitieron identificar el porcentaje de la población ocupada en este sector durante el periodo 2003-2015, constatando así que 13.5 millones de personas formaron parte del sector informal en el año 2014.
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Tajibu, Muhammad Jibril, and Husnil Mubarak Rahman. "Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Berkembangnya Usaha Perdagangan Pakaian Sektor Informal di Makassar." Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56858/jmpkn.v1i1.2.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan memahami hal-hal yang menyebabkan perluasan usaha perdagangan pakaian sektor informal di Makassar. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yaitu hasil wawancara dengan 5 orang informan. Mereka adalah pedagang yang berjualan di ruas jalan di kota Makassar. Penentuan informan menggunakan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif perspektif fenomenologi menunjukkan bahwa pentingnya penentuan lokasi penjualan, jenis pasar dalam perdagangan pakaian, hanya orang mendirikan bisnis di sektor informal, daya beli yang tinggi menyebabkan waktu dan keadaan, dan Besarnya keuntungan yang diperoleh menyebabkan perluasan perdagangan pakaian bisnis di sektor informal.
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Heinze, Aiso, and Jee Yi Kwak. "Informal prerequisites for informal proofs." Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik 34, no. 1 (February 2002): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02655688.

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Ekasari, Fitri. "KEPEMIMPINAN INFORMAL DALAM MEMBERDAYAKAN GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI (GAPOKTAN) DI¬¬ DESA MARGODADI KECAMATAN SEYEGAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." Diklus: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diklus.v2i1.23646.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Peran kepemimpinan informal dalam memberdayakan Gabungan Kelompok Tani (GAPOKTAN) (2) Proses kepemimpinan informal dalam memberdayakan Gabungan Kelompok Tani (GAPOKTAN) (3) Kendala yang dihadapi kepemimpinan informal dalam memberdayakan Gabungan Kelompok Tani (GAPOKTAN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Peran kepemimpinan informal dalam memberdayakan Gabungan Kelompok Tani meliputi koordinator, fasilitator, pengawas, konsultan, informan, partisipan dan evaluator. 2) Proses kepemimpinan informal dalam memberdayakan Gabungan Kelompok Tani bersifat terbuka yaitu mengutamakan musyawarah dan kepentingan bersama melalui pertemuan rutin, terjun langsung ke lapangan dan regenerasi dengan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis. 3) Kendala yang dihadapi pemimpin informal dalam memberdayakan Gabungan Kelompok Tani meliputi faktor usia, pola pikir petani sulit berubah dalam menerima perubahan, perbedaan pendapat dan kurangnya minat generasi muda.
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Staggini, Giulia. "Recensione: Pavesi, Maria, & Ghia, Elisa (2020). Informal contact with English. A case study of Italian postgraduate students. Edizioni ETS." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.13.238.

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IT Informal Contact with English. A case study of Italian postgraduate students tratta dell’acquisizione informale della lingua inglese in contesto italiano. Il volume, infatti, dopo una rassegna dei principali studi acquisizionali attorno al tema, illustra e descrive i risultati dell’indagine condotta su studenti dell’Università di Pavia riguardo al loro rapporto con media e input in lingua inglese. Il testo presenta un focus specifico sui benefici e sull’impatto dei testi audiovisivi in generale, e dei testi audiovisivi sottotitolati in particolare. Parole chiave: ACQUISIZIONE INFORMALE, LINGUISTICA ACQUISIZIONALE, LINGUA INGLESE, INPUT AUDIOVISIVI EN Informal Contact with English. A case study of Italian postgraduate students examines informal English acquisition in the Italian context. After a review of major studies of informal acquisition, the volume describes the results of a study conducted with students at the Università di Pavia (Italy) regarding their engagement with English-language media. Specifically, the text focuses on the benefits and impact of input from audiovisual materials and, in particular, audiovisual materials with subtitles. Key words: INFORMAL ACQUISITION, ACQUISITIONAL LINGUISTICS, ENGLISH LANGUAGE, AUDIOVISUAL INPUT ES Informal Contact with English. A case study of Italian postgraduate students se ocupa de la adquisición informal de la lengua inglesa en el contexto italiano. Tras un análisis de los principales estudios adquisicionales sobre el tema, el volumen ilustra y describe los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo con estudiantes de la Universidad de Pavía (Italia) sobre su relación con los medios y el input en lengua inglesa. El texto se centra especialmente en los beneficios y el impacto del input procedente de materiales audiovisuales y, en particular, de aquellos que incluyen subtítulos. Palabras clave: ADQUISICIÓN INFORMAL, LINGÜÍSTICA ADQUISICIONAL, LENGUA INGLESA, INPUT AUDIOVISUAL
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Mokodenseho, Sabil, and Tri Lestari Puspitaningrum. "Relasi Sosial-Ekonomi dan Kekuasaan antara Rentenir dan Pedagang Pasar Tradisional di Jawa Tengah." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 13, no. 1 (February 13, 2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/politika.13.1.2022.41-58.

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Beranjak dari maraknya praktik rentenir di pasar-pasar tradisional yang ada di Jawa Tengah membuat penelitian ini menjadi penting. Permasalahannya adalah terjadi relasi antara rentenir dan pedagang pasar sehingga praktik tersebut sulit dihentikan. Untuk itu, penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pola relasi yang terbangun antara pedagang dan rentenir sebagai aktor institusi finansial informal. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus digunakan, sedangkan informan penelitian bergerak mengikuti prinsip snowball effect. Dengan menggunakan konsep interdependensi aktor (actor interdependence), kepercayaan informal (informal trust), dan institusi informal (informal institutions) menunjukkan bahwa rentenir dan pedagang berdasarkan daerah asal mereka, memiliki perbedaan sebagai pendatang dan pribumi. Rentenir dan pedagang berkolaborasi membentuk pola relasi interdependensi antar aktor informal di satu arena (pasar tradisonal). Semakin besar pendapatan retribusi pasar, maka semakin ramai pasar dan semakin banyak pedagang dan rentenir, sebaliknya jumlah retribusi pasar berbanding lurus dengan tingkat keramaian, jumlah pedagang dan rentenir. Kepercayaan informal muncul pada kedua aktor karena institusi formal tidak mampu memberikan kemudahan bagi pedagang dalam mengakses modal. Walaupun rentenir menetapkan suku bunga yang cukup tinggi, akan tetapi kemudahan yang diberikan menjadikan praktik ini tetap eksis.
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Murda, Handani. "DAMPAK COVID-19 TERHADAP PENAWARAN DAN PENDAPATAN PEKERJA INFORMAL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA/IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE SUPPLY AND INCOME OF INFORMAL WORKERS IN THE SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pendidikan 18, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jep.v18i2.41237.

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Abstrak: Sektor ekonomi informal paling rentan terdampak Covid-19 sehingga penulis tertarik untuk meneliti dampaknya terhadap penawaran tenaga kerja dan pendapatan pekerja informal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak Covid-19 terhadap penawaran dan pendapatan pekerja informal di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan mikro data sekunder Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) yang dikumpulkan Badan Pusat Statistik pada Agustus 2019 dan Agustus 2020. Analisis menggunakan model regresi simultan dengan variabel intrumental, teknik estimasi two stage least square (2 SLS) dan koreksi bias selektif. Penelitian membahas dampak pandemi Covid-19 dengan pendekatan analisis penawaran dan pendapatan pekerja informal. Pekerja informl merespon cukup signifikan dampak pandemi terhadap penurunan penawaran dan pendapatan. Dampak pandemi terbesar dirasakan pekerja informal pada Sektor Non Pertanian, diikuti pekerja informal laki-laki dan pekerja informal yang tinggal di perkotaan.Abstract: The informal economy sector has been most vulnerable to being affected by Covid-19, so the authors are interested in examining its impact on the supply of labor and the income of informal workers. This study aims to determine the impact of Covid-19 on the supply and income of informal workers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data used in this study uses secondary micro data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) collected by the Central Statistics Agency in August 2019 and August 2020. The analysis uses a simultaneous regression model with instrumental variables, two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation techniques and corrections. selective bias. The study discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic with an approach to analysis of the supply and income of informal workers. Informal workers have responded significantly to the impact of the pandemic on declining supply and income. The greatest impact of the pandemic was felt by informal workers in the non-agricultural sector, followed by male informal workers and informal workers living in urban areas.
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Zandra, Rosy Aprieza Puspita, Rika Syahadatina, and Ah Suryansyah. "Studi Mengenai penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi oleh Sektor Bisnis Informal." Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/jka.v3i2.2680.

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Dedoe, Amir. "PEMBERDAYAAN SEKTOR INFORMAL DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT." Society 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v1i1.38.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan intervensi pemerintah apakah dalam bentuk kapitalisasi, pendidikan, pelatihan / keterampilan, dan pembentukan organisasi dapat menjadi pembentuk sektor informal dalam meningkatkan pendapatan mereka, dan menganalisis dampak intervensi pemerintah terhadap peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat di sektor informal. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus menggunakan analisis deskriptif-kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Karena pelaku sektor informal yang bekerja sebagai pedagang trotoar dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, informan kunci juga dipilih secara sengaja. Kelompok-kelompok ini adalah para pedagang trotoar yang belum menikah dan telah bekerja selama kurang dari lima tahun dan mereka yang menikah dan telah bekerja selama lebih dari lima tahun. Data kemudian diproses menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi informan dalam kegiatan sektor informal sebagai pedagang kaki lima di desa Sungailiat disebabkan oleh kondisi ekonomi keluarga mereka. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi bisnis perdagangan trotoar adalah kebutuhan ekonomi dan modal yang terbatas. Prospek pengembangan usaha pedagang kaki lima menunjukkan tren positif dengan memperoleh bantuan modal dari pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Bangka disertai dengan lembaga pembentuk. Dengan bantuan dan bantuan itu, para pedagang trotoar dapat meningkatkan volume bisnis mereka dan mengembangkannya dengan memanfaatkan penguatan institusi yang ada.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Informal"

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Rocha, Vânia Maria Melo. "O impacto dos cuidados informais: uma perspectiva diferente." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1091.

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Trabalho Social.
O aumento da longevidade humana é hoje um privilégio que podemos usufruir, em grande medida, devido à melhoria das nossas condições de vida. Embora a velhice nem sempre esteja associada a doença, a pessoa idosa é, sem dúvida, um ser mais vulnerável aos mais diversos tipos de patologias. Com estas enfermidades surgem as dificuldades de locomoção, a perda de autonomia e a consequente dependência de terceiros (cuidadores). Podemos distinguir dois tipos diferentes de cuidadores: os cuidadores formais e os cuidadores informais. Enquanto os primeiros prestam cuidados em função da sua profissão, os segundos prestam esses mesmos cuidados sem qualquer tipo de remuneração e, muitas vezes, sem qualquer tipo de apoio. A função de cuidar está intimamente ligada ao conceito de família e vai ser no seio familiar que o papel do cuidador (informal) vai assumir a sua verdadeira grandeza. Embora o acto de cuidar seja uma actividade nobre e extremamente útil, nem sempre esta é percepcionada desta forma, podendo essa percepção variar de interveniente para interveniente. A questão central que orienta este trabalho de investigação é precisamente a percepção sobre os cuidados informais. Com este estudo pretendemos caracterizar e avaliar o impacto dos cuidados informais, de acordo com a percepção da pessoa idosa e do cuidador informal, dado que, a maioria dos estudos existentes se centram apenas no cuidador informal e na sua perspectiva, negligenciando a opinião da pessoa idosa. Neste trabalho deu-se relevância à investigação quantitativa, tendo a informação sido recolhida através de questionário. A amostra é constituída por 2 grupos: um grupo composto por 40 cuidadores, responsáveis pela prestação de cuidados informais a pessoas idosas; e um grupo composto por 40 pessoas idosas, beneficiárias do Complemento de Dependência, receptoras de cuidados informais. Todos são residentes na Madalena, Vila Nova de Gaia. Depois de analisados os dados emergentes da nossa investigação, foi possível concluir que, cuidadores informais e pessoas idosas, têm uma percepção idêntica sobre os cuidados prestados, e que ambos, atestam um nível de satisfação elevado relativamente aos cuidados informais, o que demonstra que, os efeitos positivos dos cuidados informais, excedem claramente, os efeitos negativos. The increase in human longevity is now a privilege that we enjoy, in large measure, due to the improvement of our living conditions. Although old age is not always associated with disease, the elderly person is, without doubt, more vulnerable to more diverse types of diseases. With these diseases arise difficulties in walking, loss of autonomy and the consequent dependence on third parties (caregivers). We can distinguish two different types of caregivers: formal caregivers and informal caregivers. While the first care on the basis of their profession, the latter provide the same care without any remuneration and often without any kind of support. The function of caregiving is closely linked to the concept of family and will be within the role of the family that (informal) caregiving will assume its true greatness. Although the act of caring is a noble activity and extremely useful, this is not always perceived this way, and this perception may vary from actor to actor. The central question that guides the work of this research is the perception of the informal caregiving. With this study we want to characterize and evaluate the impact of informal caregiving, according to the perception of the elderly and informal caregivers, since the majority of the existing studies focus only on informal caregivers and their perspective, neglecting the views of the elderly. This work gave relevance to quantitative research and the information was collected through a questionnaire. The sample consists of 2 groups: one group composed of 40 caregivers, responsible for the provision of informal caregiving to elderly people, and a group composed of 40 elderly people, receiving a Portuguese state support (Complemento de Dependência), recipients of informal caregiving. All are residents in Madalena, Vila Nova de Gaia. After analyzing the emerging data from our research, it was possible to conclude that, informal caregivers and elderly people, have a similar perception about the informal caregiving, and that both, show a high level of satisfaction for informal caregiving, which shows that the positive effects of informal caregiving, clearly exceed the negative effects.L'augmentation de la longévité humaine est aujourd’hui un privilège dont nous jouissons, dans une large mesure grâce à l'amélioration de nos conditions de vie. Bien que la vieillesse ne soit pas toujours associée à la maladie, la personne âgée est, sans doute, plus vulnérable à une plus grande diversité dans les types de maladies. Avec ces maladies surviennent des difficultés dans la marche, la perte d'autonomie et la dépendance à l'égard des tiers (soigneurs). On peut distinguer deux types de soigneurs: soigneurs formels et informels. Alors que les premiers soignent en function de leur profession, les derniers soignant pareillement, sans aucune rémunération et souvent sans aucune forme de soutien. La fonction de soigner est étroitement liée à la notion de famille et sera dans la famille que le rôle des aidants familiaux (informel), assumera sa vraie grandeur. Bien que l'acte de soigner soit est une activité noble et extremement utile, ce n'est pas toujours perçue de cette façon, cette perception pouvant varier d'acteur à acteur. La question centrale qui guide ce travail de recherche est justement la perception des soins informels. Avec cette étude, nous voulons caractériser et évaluer l'impact des soins informels, selon la perception des personnes âgées et du soigneur naturel, puisque la majorité des études existantes ne portent que sur les soigneurs naturels et leur perspective, négligeant les points de vue de la personne âgée. Dans ce travail on a souligné la recherche quantitative, avec les informations recueillies par des questionnaire. L'échantillon se compose de 2 groupes: un groupe composé de 40 soigneurs, responsables de soins informels aux personnes âgées, et un autre groupe composé de 40 personnes âgées, de recepteuses du Supplément de Dépendence et recepteuses de soin informels les bénéficiaires de soins informels. Tous sont résidents de Madalena, Vila Nova de Gaia. Après avoir analysé les données résultants de nos recherches, il a été possible de conclure que les soigneurs informels et les personnes âgées, ont une perception identique sur les soins, et que les deux montrent un niveau élevé de satisfaction en ce qui concerne les soins informels, ce qui montre que, les effets positifs des soins informels, dépassent clairement les effets négatifs.
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TESSARI, ALESSANDRO. "Informal rooting : informal permanences in the contemporary city." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278176.

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Aragão-Lagergren, Aida. "Working children in the informal sector in Managua." Uppsala, Sweden : Uppsala University, Dept. of Social and Economic Geography, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37028942.html.

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Prates, Tiago José Moço. "Cidade informal." Master's thesis, Unoversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13639.

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Ferrandi, Simon James. "The InforMALL: Shopping malls as infrastructures to support small-scale informal businesses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28026.

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My dissertation inquiry focuses on the informal economic sector within the emerging economic area of Delft. This was born out of a personal fascination with the concept of informal or 'alternative-formal' economics. The existence of this concept was first brought to my attention through the Spaces of Good Hope Design + Research Studio (SoGH) in my BAS (Hons) year of 2016. Through site visits to the Delft, I became increasingly aware of an economic environment characterized by complex socio-spatial relationships. These differ from multi-layered, highly-mechanized business operations associated with more formal enterprises. The more time I spent observing business practices within Delft, the more I became aware of the sophistication of the sheer magnitude of the social networks which were the lifeblood of the embedded informal economy there. Admittedly, I found the whole system slightly overwhelming, struggling to understand how such apparent chaos could hide such a sophisticated economy, so different in shape and practices from the formal economy. It was during a SoGH plenary given by property economist, Francois Viruly, on the topic of the informal housing sector within South Africa, that I discovered how significant the informal economy is in sustaining livelihoods for a substantial portion of the country's population who cannot find jobs within the formal sector. Speaking frankly, Viruly, a highly regarded expert within the field of property economics, stressed that in spite of the prevalence of the informal economy within the South African context, both as a viable source of employment and a significant contributor to our formal economy, there is a distinct lack of understanding of the nature of the interface between formal and informal. The reality is that the existence of either formal or informal is dependent on the presence of the other, and sometimes, as is exemplified in the relationships between spazas, shebeens, and the corporate giants Coca-Cola and SAB-Miller within emerging economic areas, the links between survivalist enterprises and big corporates are critical. Clearly, economics, urban design and architecture need to come closer together - they need to inform each other. The spatial aspects of the economy require much more attention. Viruly posed an important question: "Can we create a built environment that starts at survivalist level and is sufficiently flexible to accommodate a fast-moving economy?"
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Almas, Roslynn. "Promoting Conflict Management Competencies within Informal Structures and Informal Networks." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10829092.

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Conflict typically is associated with negative and destructive connotations within organizations. However, a shift is taking place in workplaces to view conflict through a positive frame and to consider conflict as an opportunity to establish an environment that is more creative and innovative while identifying ineffective policies, behaviors or actions. This study was developed to examine how organizations can enhance conflict management competencies to empower leaders and employees to manage conflict by employing problem-solving tactics and collaborative approaches. Furthermore, this study was designed to understand what strategies and practices leaders and specialists in the field of Alternative Dispute Resolution utilize to promote conflict management skills. Additionally, the research sought to identify the challenges these individuals encountered when implementing conflict management interventions in organizations, understand how success was measured, and determine recommendations to develop conflict management competencies. Fifteen Alternative Dispute Resolution leaders and specialists participated in this phenomenological study by voluntarily responding to 12 semi-structured interview questions. Based on the participants’ responses 46 themes emerged across the four research questions. Strategic conflict management planning, engaging stakeholders in the process, consensus building, and convening and inquiry were the top strategies and practices mentioned by the participants in the study. When facing challenges during an implementation of conflict management interventions the theme commonly mentioned was lack of stakeholder engagement and how participants managed obstacles was through being agile and emphasizing positive communication. Measurements of success used by the participants that ranked highest were receiving feedback on process and outcomes, metrics on conflict/issue, and organizational performance metrics. The top theme that surfaced among all participants was how they developed conflict management competencies through a combination of experience and various formal training. The participants indicated the desire to have further conflict management training and education earlier in the career. Based on the research the following three frameworks were developed to enhance conflict management competencies in organizations (a) problem-solving culture framework, (b) conflict management intervention model, and (c) conflict manager competency paradigm.

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Bühn, Andreas. "Informal Economic Activities." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39326.

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The dissertation “Informal Economic Activities” takes a comprehensive approach to the informal economy by studying traditional shadow economic activities, household DIY activities, and the smuggling of illegal and legal goods. Chapter 2 analyzes shadow economic and DIY activities and presents a dual estimation for the development of both types of informal economic activities in Germany from 1970 to 2005. It also considers the impact of German reunification on shadow economic and DIY activities and employs a proper estimate of domestic currency in circulation within Germany as an indicator variable for the shadow economy. Chapter 3 studies an informal economic activity that has attracted much attention recently: legal goods smuggling, or the illegal trade of otherwise legal goods. The main channel of this type of smuggling is the falsification of trade documents. By reporting false amounts of exports and/or imports to authorities smugglers, or trade misinvoicers, seek to avoid paying taxes and/or tariffs. Chapter 4 widens the analysis of smuggling to the smuggling of illegal goods and studies the smuggling of legal and illegal goods across the U.S.-Mexico border in order to improve the understanding of illegal trade. Studying the U.S.-Mexican case is particularly interesting as most illegal drugs and immigrants enter the United States via the Mexican border. The empirical analyses in the dissertation “Informal Economic Activities” are based on structural equation models (SEMs). The results demonstrate that the informal economy is significant and that growth of the informal economy is not exclusive to developing countries, although it is a more serious problem in these countries. Moreover, although the informal economy covers a wide range of rather diverse economic activities, the dissertation works out that a few similarities exist. These are important, especially for policymakers, in first understanding what drives informal economic activities and second designing appropriate policies to deter them.
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Vergara, Kausel Sebastián. "Informal network financing." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114792.

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Magíster en Economía Aplicada
Ingeniero Civil Industrial
En este trabajo estudiamos un modelo de financiamento en redes, aplicado a comunidades, en las cuales no existe colateral ni acceso al crédito, y el financiamiento es alcanzado mediante la confianza al interior de la comunidad. Modelamos la comunidad como una red no dirigida, en la que los miembros de la comunidad están conectados en la red mediante links y la confianza es la representación de los beneficios futuros de interacciones mutuas, modelada como capacidades de links. Cada miembro de la comunidad tiene una dotación exógena de recursos. Un único miembro tiene acceso a una oportunidad de proyecto, la que puede ser financiada por la comunidad mediante transferencias de recursos y un esquema de repagos. Caracterizamos el nivel de financiamiento que la comunidad puede alcanzar, y los factores que lo gobernan, como un problema de flujo máximo de largo restringido. La probabilidad de éxito del proyecto, la tasa de recuperación y la probabilidad de interacción tienen un efecto monótono en el nivel de financiamiento. Sin embargo, el efecto de la tasa de repago y del spread de intermediación, dependen de los tamaños relativos de la confianza de la comunidad y los recursos disponibles en ésta. La distribución ex-ante de riqueza es examinada en términos de mejoras estocásticas y su efecto en la capacidad de financiamiento de la comunidad, encontrándose una correlación negativa con mean-preserving spreads de la distribución de la riqueza. También estudiamos la implementación de una institución formal de castigo, la que impone un costo a los miembros que cometen default en sus repagos estipulados. Presentamos una parametrización bajo la cual la institución puede ser exitosamente auto implementada por la comunidad. Finalmente, derivamos implicancias relacionadas con la estructura de red y el bienestar social, y desarrollamos dos aplicaciones. La primera tiene relación con descalces entre oferta y demanda en mercados donde la demanda es desconocida pero ya fue comprometida, y el costo de externalizar la demanda es menor que el costo de no satisfacerla. La segunda aplicación tiene relación con la venta negociada de un bien homogéneo, producido por los miembros de la comunidad, a un agente externo a la comunidad. Los miembros de la comunidad difieren en su poder de negociación y enfrentan la decisión de vender en el mercado spot o vender a través de un miembro designado de la comunidad, quien negocia con el agente externo.
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van, der Merwe Jan Gabriel Jr. "Informal Production Networks." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63625.

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The relationship between industry and the city is a damaged one. However, with its existing mix of residents, industry and commerce (albeit segregated from one-another) Pretoria West holds the potential for a unique relationship between industry and the citizens of Pretoria. Only by understanding the role that these industries play within the greater context of the city can the rich character and culture of a place be ampli ed and solidi ed in a development plan. Catalyzed by its heritage, development becomes a manifestation of the character of place that will attract further growth and simultaneously embrace the existing stakeholders. e existing industrial built-environment is often misshapen and illegible and whilst it is di cult to organize (and navigate) the seemingly disorganized site, it is possible to resolve; through understanding historic boundaries and development patterns that can be utilized as organizational grids. In this case historic erf divisions and consolidations can be utilized as an organizational tool at a large scale and should serve as a guide to where future structures should be erected in order to maintain a legible built environment. When designing future additions, understanding the historic expansion of these industrial buildings holds the key to a harmonious relationship between old and new. With minimal architectural intent these buildings supply little for the architect to grapple onto, but with material spans and structural repetition forming the underlying ordering principle; it is possible to create a logical and ordered extension of the past.
Die verhouding tussen industrie en die stad is beskadig en as gevolg word industrië stelselmatig verwyder van die stad. Die mengsel tussen inwoners, industrie en handel in Pretoria Wes (albeit geissoleer van mekaar) gun egter die potensiaal tot ‘n unieke verbandskap tussen industrie en die inwoners van Pretoria. Slegs deur die rol te erken wat die industrië speel ten opsigte van die stad se groter konteks, kan die karakter en kultuur van so ‘n omgewing versterk en vasgevang word in ‘n ontwikkelings plan. Erfenis dien as katalisator vir ontwikkeling van die karakter van plek wat in beurt verdere nansiële groei sal aanhits. Die bestaande industriële bou-omgewing is misvorm en onvoorspelbaar. Alhoewel so ‘n omgewing nie aan die individie toeleen om weg te vind of organiseer nie, is dit moontlik deur die ontginning van historiese grense en ontwikkelings patrone wat kan dien as organiseerings mates. Historiese erf indelings en konsolodasies kan gebruik word om te dien as ‘n gids vir toekomstige toevoegings, om sodoende die nuwe argitektuur uit die bestaande te laat vloei. Die resultaat is ‘n leesbare en geordende bou-omgewing. Die ontwerp van die nuwe verbeelding steun op die morfologie van die bestaande omgewing om ‘n harmoniese verhouding tussen oud en nuut te skep. Materiale se span afstande neem die rol van die onderliggende orde stelsels aan as gevolg van die gebrek aan aansienlike argitektoniese bedoelings in die bestaande omgewing. Sodoende is ‘n leesbare en logiese uitbreiding van die verlede en na die toekoms moontlik in ‘n omgewing wat ontstaan het sonder ontwerp vir ervaring van mense.
Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
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Dwyer, Edward J. "The Cloze Informal." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3370.

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Books on the topic "Informal"

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Balmond, Cecil. Informal. Munich: Prestel, 2002.

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Balmond, Cecil. Informal. Munich: Prestel, 2002.

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A, Latief Wasis, ed. Dampak informasi sektor informal terhadap pemilihan pekerjaan. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya, 1991.

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Rodgers, Chris. Informal coalitions. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211.

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Informal Romanticism. Trier: WVT, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2012.

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Hariharan, S. V. Informal sector. Jaipur: Printwell, 1991.

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1948-, Matthews Roger, ed. Informal justice? London: Sage Publications, 1988.

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Bell, Wallace. Informal gems. Seattle: Bell Books, 1991.

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Informal philosophy. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009.

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Keith, Burgess-Jackson, ed. Informal logic. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Informal"

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Barendregt, Henk. "Informal." In The Seventeen Provers of the World, 10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11542384_2.

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Šuster, Danilo. "Informal Logic and Informal Consequence." In Between Logic and Reality, 101–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2390-0_6.

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Billig, Noah. "Informal urbanism and Istanbul’s informal settlements." In Istanbul, 6–30. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Built environment city studies: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270289-2.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Mapping the territory." In Informal coalitions, 1–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_1.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Underlying dynamics of change." In Informal coalitions, 36–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_2.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Reframing communication." In Informal coalitions, 62–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_3.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Thinking culturally." In Informal coalitions, 87–113. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_4.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Acting politically." In Informal coalitions, 114–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_5.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Building coalitions." In Informal coalitions, 153–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_6.

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Rodgers, Chris. "Embracing paradox." In Informal coalitions, 195–225. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625211_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Informal"

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Barcelos, Thiago, Geiza Costa, Roberto Muñoz, René Noël, and Ismar Silveira. "Informal HCI." In the 2013 Chilean Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2535597.2535613.

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Bandhakavi, Sruthi, William Winsborough, and Marianne Winslett. "Informal presentation." In the 2007 workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1255329.1255342.

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Sungur, C. Timurhan, Tobias Binz, Uwe Breitenbucher, and Frank Leymann. "Informal Process Essentials." In 2014 IEEE 18th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edoc.2014.35.

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Whittaker, Steve, David Frohlich, and Owen Daly-Jones. "Informal workplace communication." In the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/191666.191726.

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Haramundanis, Kathy. "Informal usability testing." In the 10th annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/147001.147050.

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Sungur, C. Timurhan, Uwe Breitenbücher, Frank Leymann, and Johannes Wettinger. "Executing informal processes." In iiWAS '15: The 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Application & Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2837185.2837225.

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Whittaker, Steve, David Frohlich, and Owen Daly-Jones. "Informal workplace communication." In Conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/259963.260328.

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García-Peñalvo, Francisco J., and David Griffiths. "Rethinking informal learning." In the 3rd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2808580.2808648.

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Hudgins, Will, Michael Lynch, Ash Schmal, Harsh Sikka, Michael Swenson, and David A. Joyner. "Informal Learning Communities." In L@S '20: Seventh (2020) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3386527.3405926.

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Li, Yang, James A. Landay, Zhiwei Guan, Xiangshi Ren, and Guozhong Dai. "Sketching informal presentations." In the 5th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/958432.958476.

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Reports on the topic "Informal"

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Olken, Benjamin, and Monica Singhal. Informal Taxation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15221.

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de Paula, Áureo, and José Scheinkman. The Informal Sector. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13486.

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Meghir, Costas, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, Corina Mommaerts, and Melanie Morten. Migration and Informal Insurance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26082.

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Vissing-Jorgensen, Annette. Informal Central Bank Communication. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28276.

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Wittig, Curt, and Hanna Reisler. Informal Photochemistry Conference (XVIIIth). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada219779.

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Harriss-White, Barbara. Innovation in India's Informal Economy. Council for Social Development, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii251.

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Abraham, Katharine, and Ashley Amaya. Probing for Informal Work Activity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24880.

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Do, Young Kyung, Edward Norton, Sally Stearns, and Courtney Van Houtven. Informal Care and Caregiver's Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19142.

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Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Ali, and Roberto Nisticò. Trade sanctions and informal employment. UNU-WIDER, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2023/327-7.

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Goldstein, G. A. MARKAL-MACRO: A methodology for informed energy, economy and environmental decision making. Informal report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90675.

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