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Min, Jeonghun, and Paul-Henri Gurian. "Do campaigns matter outside the United States? Equilibrium and enlightenment in Korean presidential elections." International Political Science Review 38, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512115598566.
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Do presidential campaigns matter outside the United States? We examine how public opinion responds to campaign events during Korean presidential campaigns. The fundamental variables of the election year influence vote intention before the campaign begins and substantially influence eventual vote choice. Campaign events assist voters to learn more about the fundamental variables – regionalism, party identification, and retrospective evaluations of the incumbent administration – and this leads to more informed intentions during the campaign. The results suggest that there is substantial congruence in the explanatory power of Holbrook’s ‘equilibrium’ theory and Gelman and King’s ‘enlightenment’ theory in presidential campaigns held in the US and in Korea.
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Güçeri-Uçar, Gözem. "Enhancing Mobile Advertising Effectiveness in Turkey through Peer Influence." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 11, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2013100101.
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This article aims to explain how involvement and peer influence may enhance mobile advertising effectiveness by increasing consumers’ intention to participate in SMS-based mobile marketing campaigns. Both individual and joint effects of these variables on marketing campaign participation intentions of Turkish consumers are analyzed. Findings indicate that involvement is not necessarily a strong predictor of campaign participation intentions in the context of mobile marketing. Peer influence, on the other hand, was shown to have a significant effect on intention to participate in an m-marketing campaign, as well as being a moderator of the relationship between involvement and campaign participation intention. A unique contribution of this study is the linking of involvement and peer influence in a unified framework to demonstrate how these two variables can jointly be used to increase m-marketing campaign participation numbers.
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Druckman, James N., Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin. "Resisting the Opportunity for Change." Social Science Computer Review 36, no. 4 (June 2, 2017): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439317711977.
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This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional campaign websites? Did it cause them to alter their approach to online campaigning? Using data from a survey of campaign insiders, we find that the factors that influence how congressional campaigns view and use their websites were largely impervious to the unique electoral environment. Results show that, consistent with previous election years, campaigns maintained a fairly uniform view of likely visitors and target audiences, and they tended to see their campaign websites as digital hubs, best used for capturing the campaign’s overall message. We also find that, as in other years, nonincumbents continued to use their websites to campaign more aggressively than incumbents. Overall, the results suggest that congressional campaigning on the web is primarily driven by stable factors that transcend technological advancements and shifts in the political environment.
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Scheier, Lawrence M., Jerry L. Grenard, and Kristen D. Holtz. "An Empirical Assessment of the Above the Influence Advertising Campaign." Journal of Drug Education 41, no. 4 (December 2011): 431–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/de.41.4.f.
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This study evaluated the efficacy of Above the Influence (ATI), a national media-based health persuasion campaign to deter youth drug use. The campaign uses public service anti-drug prevention messages and targets youth between the ages of 14 and 16, a period of heightened susceptibility to peer influences. The evaluation utilized mall intercepts from geographically dispersed regions of the country. Theoretical impetus for the campaign combines elements of the theory of reasoned action (TRA), persuasion theory, and the health belief model. A series of structural equation models were tested with four randomly drawn cross-validation samples ( N = 3,000). Findings suggest that awareness of ATI is associated with greater anti-drug beliefs, fewer drug use intentions, and less marijuana use. Congruent with the TRA, changes in beliefs and intentions are intermediate steps linking campaign awareness with behavior. This study provides further evidence of positive campaign effects and may strengthen reliance on mass media health persuasion campaigns as a useful adjunct to other programs targeting youth.
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Devine, Christopher J., and Aaron C. Weinschenk. "Surrogate-in-Chief: Did Bill Clinton’s Campaign Visits Help (or Hurt) Hillary Clinton in 2016?" Forum 18, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2020-2002.
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AbstractIn this article, we examine the role that campaign visits by spouses and surrogates play in modern presidential campaigns. Specifically, we analyze the strategy and effectiveness of Bill Clinton’s campaign visits in 2016. Given the former president’s widespread name recognition and reputation as a legendary campaigner, we argue that he represents an ideal test case for determining whether the spouse of a presidential or vice presidential candidate can influence vote choice, via campaign visits. Our analysis indicates that Bill Clinton was, in fact, very active on the campaign trail in 2016 – making nearly as many visits as Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. However, Bill Clinton mostly followed in Hillary Clinton’s footsteps on the campaign trail, giving him little opportunity to win over voters that she could not reach. His campaign visits also had no discernible effect on county-level voting, generally, in the 10 states to which he traveled. Yet, when we examine the effect of Clinton’s visits within states, we find that he had a positive and statistically significant effect on Democratic vote share in the battleground state of Florida. He had no such effect in the two states to which he traveled most often, however (North Carolina and Ohio). Overall, we find very limited evidence that campaign surrogates – and candidate spouses, specifically – can influence vote choice via their campaign visits. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on the role of campaign surrogates, and their relevance to the 2020 presidential campaign.
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MIN, JEONGHUN. "How Do Campaign Events Affect Regionalism during South Korean Presidential Campaigns?" Asian Survey 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 899–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.5.899.
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This study examines how campaign events influence regional voters’ candidate preferences during South Korean presidential campaigns. Results show that regional voters become more aware of regionalism through campaign events, and, thus, their voting intention becomes more homogeneous within the regions toward the end of the campaign.
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Flor, Rica Joy B., and Grant R. Singleton. "Can media campaign messages influence change towards ecologically based rodent management?" Wildlife Research 38, no. 7 (2011): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10166.
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Context In Asia, losses to rodents contribute to the undernourishment of smallholder families. Ecologically based rodent management (EBRM) has become the national policy for rodent management in rice-based agriculture in Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. EBRM requires community action. Therefore we need to develop communication campaigns that increase community involvement in rodent management. Aims This study evaluates the effects of a campaign to promote EBRM in a community that suffers chronic rodent losses to their rice crop. We hypothesised that the campaign would create changes in rodent management by farmers based on key messages delivered. Methods We documented existing beliefs and management practices, and captured changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of smallholder farmers after the campaign. We also document benefits to the community. We used qualitative tools to evaluate existing beliefs and management practices of rodents in nine villages in Zaragosa, one of which was a focus village for the campaign. Key results Farmers who were influenced by the campaign had significantly higher mean rank scores in knowledge and attitudes pertaining to key messages of the campaign, such as working together, proper timing of management actions, and that rodents can be controlled. Farmers who heard the campaign obtained yields that were higher by 0.7 t ha–1 compared with those with no exposure to the campaign. A year after the campaign, the increase in rice yield in Zaragosa was sufficient to feed 1375 adult Filipinos for a year. The campaign influenced policy on rodent management in Zaragosa and subsequently at the provincial level. Conclusions A media campaign with support from local leaders and extension staff is an effective way to disseminate EBRM, leading to positive economic benefits for smallholder farmers. A media campaign alone is less effective. Implications A communication campaign on EBRM with follow-up support from extension experts is a highly effective pathway for changing attitudes and practices of smallholder farmers on rodent management, and for effective dissemination of EBRM.
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Kostygina, Ganna, Hy Tran, Steven Binns, Glen Szczypka, Sherry Emery, Donna Vallone, and Elizabeth Hair. "Boosting Health Campaign Reach and Engagement Through Use of Social Media Influencers and Memes." Social Media + Society 6, no. 2 (April 2020): 205630512091247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912475.
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Public health organizations are increasingly turning to social media as a channel for health campaign dissemination, as these platforms can provide access to “hidden” or at-risk audiences such as populations of color and youth. However, few studies systematically assess the effects of such campaigns in a competitive communication environment characterized by an influx of sophisticated tobacco product marketing. The objective of the current study is to investigate how content and source features of Twitter messages about truth® campaigns influence their popularity, support, and reach. Keyword rules were used to collect tweets related to each of the six campaigns from the Twitter Firehose posted between August 2014 and June 2016. Data were analyzed using a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning, keyword algorithms, and human coding. Tweets were categorized by source type (direct or truth®-owned social influencer; non-influencer). Tweet content was coded and classified for valence and campaign references (branded vs. non-branded or organic content). Message reach was calculated by source type and message type. Keyword filters captured 308,216 tweets posted by 225,912 Twitter users. Findings revealed that campaigns that utilized social influencers as message sources generated more campaign-branded and sharable content (e.g., campaign hashtags) and greater volume of tweets per day and reach per day. Influential users posted fewer organic messages and more branded/sharable content, generating greater reach compared to non-influencers. Oppositional messages decreased over time. Harnessing cultural elements endemic to social media, such as popular content creators (influencers) and messages (memes), is a promising strategy for improving health campaign interest and engagement.
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Kim, Annice E., Jennifer C. Duke, Heather Hansen, and Lauren Porter. "Using Web Panels to Understand Whether Online Ad Exposure Influences Information-Seeking Behavior." Social Marketing Quarterly 18, no. 4 (November 8, 2012): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412466072.
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Measuring the impact of online health campaigns is challenging. Traditionally, advertisement click-through rates (CTRs) have been used to measure message reach, but CTRs are low with most clicks coming from a small fraction of users. However, low CTRs do not necessarily indicate that an ad was not effective. There may be latency effects whereby people do not click on ads at time of exposure but visit the promoted website or conduct searches later. Online panels that unobtrusively collect panelists’ web behavior may provide a more reliable data source for measuring online campaign effects. We used web behavior data from a proprietary online panel to identify panelists who were either exposed or unexposed to the Tobacco Free Florida Cessation Internet ad campaign. We assessed whether ad exposure influenced website visits and searches on campaign-related topics up to 4 weeks after initial exposure. Those who were exposed to the campaign were significantly more likely than those who were not exposed to have visited the campaign website (0.65% vs. 0.13%, respectively, p < .001), but ad exposure did not influence searches on campaign-related topics. These results suggest that panel web behavior data may be useful for understanding behavioral response to and latency effects of online campaigns.
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Pattie, Charles, Todd Hartman, and Ron Johnston. "Incumbent parties, incumbent MPs and the effectiveness of constituency campaigns: Evidence from the 2015 UK general election." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, no. 4 (August 9, 2017): 824–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148117718710.
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Parties’ local campaign efforts can yield electoral dividends in plurality elections; in general, the harder they campaign, the more votes they receive. However, this is not invariably the case. Different parties’ campaigns can have different effects. What is more, the particular status of a candidacy can also influence how effective the local campaign might be. Analyses of constituency campaigning at the 2015 UK General Election reveal inter-party variations in campaign effectiveness. But looking more closely at how a party was placed tactically in a seat prior to the election, and at whether sitting MPs stood again for their party or retired, reveals distinct variations in what parties stand to gain from their local campaigns in different circumstances.
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HOGAN, ROBERT E. "Campaign and Contextual Influences on Voter Participation in State Legislative Elections." American Politics Quarterly 27, no. 4 (October 1999): 403–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x99027004002.
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Recent studies suggest that campaign mobilization factors such as candidate spending and electoral competition play a substantial role in influencing voter participation in elections. This analysis focuses on the relative influence of these campaign effects along with a variety of contextual features on district-level turnout in state legislative elections. Models testing a variety of variables across seven states in 1994 point to the overwhelming influence of socioeconomic and political context, with campaign mobilization effects contributing a much smaller degree of explanatory power. While some mobilization factors (such as campaign spending) have the potential to exert a strong impact on turnout, factors beyond the control of candidate campaigns are responsible for much of the observed variation in turnout across state legislative districts.
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Lankford, Tina, Jana Wallace, David Brown, Jesus Soares, Jacqueline N. Epping, and Fred Fridinger. "Analysis of Physical Activity Mass Media Campaign Design." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 6 (August 2014): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0303.
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Background:Mass media campaigns are a necessary tool for public health practitioners to reach large populations and promote healthy behaviors. Most health scholars have concluded that mass media can significantly influence the health behaviors of populations; however the effects of such campaigns are typically modest and may require significant resources. A recent Community Preventive Services Task Force review on stand-alone mass media campaigns concluded there was insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness in increasing physical activity, partly due to mixed methods and modest and inconsistent effects on levels of physical activity.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the campaigns evaluated in the Task Force review to determine use of campaign-building principles, channels, and levels of awareness and their impact on campaign outcomes. Each study was analyzed by 2 reviewers for inclusion of campaign building principles.Results:Campaigns that included 5 or more campaign principles were more likely to be successful in achieving physical activity outcomes.Conclusion:Campaign success is more likely if the campaign building principles (formative research, audience segmentation, message design, channel placement, process evaluation, and theory-based) are used as part of campaign design and planning.
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Hayden, Daniel, and Fangzhou Deng. "The Science of Goal Setting." Social Marketing Quarterly 19, no. 1 (December 27, 2012): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412472496.
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Goal setting within social marketing campaigns is art and science. An analysis of Rare Pride conservation campaigns shows the quantitative, replicable relationship among the impact of these conservation campaigns with diffusion of innovation theory, and collective behavior theory that can guide marketers to set better goals. Rare is an environmental conservation organization that focuses on reducing community-based threats to biodiversity through a social marketing campaign called Pride. Pride campaigns work by removing barriers to change (whether they are technical, social, and political or something else) and inspiring people to make change happen. Based on the analysis of historical Pride campaign survey data, we found that the starting percentage of engagement has a great influence on the percentage change at the end of the campaign: The higher the initial adoption level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior change, the easier these measures are to improve. The result also suggests a difference in the potential of change with different audience segments: It is easiest to change influencer, then general public, and finally resource user who are the target of the social marketing campaign. In this article, we will analyze how to use diffusion of innovation and collective behavior theories to explain the impact of campaigns, as well as how to set more attainable goals. This article is consistent with similar research in the field of public health, which should help marketers set goals more tightly, allocate resources more effectively, and better manage donor expectations.
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Moosmayer, Dirk C., and Alexandre Fuljahn. "Consumer perceptions of cause related marketing campaigns." Journal of Consumer Marketing 27, no. 6 (September 14, 2010): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363761011078280.
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PurposeBy replicating two seminal studies on cause‐related marketing (CRM) campaigns, this paper aims to investigate the influence of gender and of donation size on consumer perception of firm behavior, consumer attitude to product, consumer goodwill toward the CRM campaign, consumer perception of the benefit to the NPO, and consumer attitude toward CRM.Design/methodology/approachAn online experiment was conducted with 306 students from a German university to evaluate their responses to a CRM campaign. The presented campaign supported a German children's charity, and varied with regard to donation size.FindingsConsumer perception of firm behavior, consumer goodwill toward the CRM campaign, and consumer attitude to product vary significantly by gender. Donation size has a significant influence on consumer goodwill toward the CRM campaign and on consumer perception of the benefit to the NPO. The impact of donation size is rooted in external perceptions, and partly moderated by gender.Research limitations/implicationsThe chosen non‐forced stimulus presentation may overestimate the measured impact. The applied stimuli may underlie specific gender characteristics that influence responses. Further research might thus apply forced stimulus exposure designs to a broader set of causes and products.Practical implicationsResults imply that CRM campaigns promise to be particularly suitable for promoting products to women. When addressing men, small donations appear to be sufficient.Originality/valueThe authors expand existing research in three ways. Campaign impact is differentiated by consumer attitudes toward the company, toward the product, and toward the NPO. The article shows that the impact of donation size is gender‐specific. By investigating CRM response in Germany, the study regionally expands existing research.
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Kiwanuka-Tondo, James, and Leslie B. Snyder. "The Influence of Organizational Characteristics and Campaign Design Elements on Communication Campaign Quality: Evidence from 91 Ugandan AIDS Campaigns." Journal of Health Communication 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730252801192.
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Adamos, Giannis, Eftihia Nathanail, and Paraskevi Kapetanopoulou. "Does the Theme of a Road Safety Communication Campaign Affect its Success?" Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0025-5.
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Road safety communication campaigns are considered as an efficient strategy to approach the wide audience and influence road users towards a safe behavior, with main aim to lead to the reduction of the number and the severity of road accidents. When designing the implementation of a campaign, it is important to plan at the same time its evaluation, so that to enable the assessment of its effectiveness. For the achievement of high reliability and the development of “clear” conclusions, the campaign evaluation should be carefully organized, following a feasible scientific design. Towards this direction, three road safety campaigns, two local campaigns addressing drink driving and seat belt usage, and one national campaign addressing driving fatigue, were implemented and evaluated. Presenting the design components of the three campaigns and the evaluation results, this paper aims at revealing the similarities and differences of the effectiveness of road safety communication campaigns on driving behavior.
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Semadeni, Andrea, and Marco Zanetti. "Holzförderung – ein wichtiges Anliegen des Bundes | Timber Promotion – an Important Federal Concern." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0087.
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Harvesting more timber and using it more intensively are central to the government's forest policy. Promotional instruments influence forest production, but it is not possible to give direct aid to the timber-processing industry. Instead, the Confederation has invested heavily in research, development and public information campaigns. Various promotional campaigns have been particularly effective. Thus the «Holz 2000»campaign, which will soon be drawing to a close, will continue under the name of «Förderprogram Holz» (Timber Promotion Campaign) 2001–2003.
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Alizadeh, Meysam, Jacob N. Shapiro, Cody Buntain, and Joshua A. Tucker. "Content-based features predict social media influence operations." Science Advances 6, no. 30 (July 2020): eabb5824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5824.
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We study how easy it is to distinguish influence operations from organic social media activity by assessing the performance of a platform-agnostic machine learning approach. Our method uses public activity to detect content that is part of coordinated influence operations based on human-interpretable features derived solely from content. We test this method on publicly available Twitter data on Chinese, Russian, and Venezuelan troll activity targeting the United States, as well as the Reddit dataset of Russian influence efforts. To assess how well content-based features distinguish these influence operations from random samples of general and political American users, we train and test classifiers on a monthly basis for each campaign across five prediction tasks. Content-based features perform well across period, country, platform, and prediction task. Industrialized production of influence campaign content leaves a distinctive signal in user-generated content that allows tracking of campaigns from month to month and across different accounts.
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Mudrik, Martin, Martin Rigelsky, Beata Gavurova, Radovan Bačik, and Richard Fedorko. "Comparison of influence of selected viral advertising attributes on shopping behavior of Millennials – empirical study." Innovative Marketing 16, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(3).2020.02.
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The study aims to evaluate the impact of selected factors of viral campaigns on Millennials customers’ consumer behavior. This goal was achieved in two steps: in the first step, the authors determined the impact of selected attributes on purchasing behavior in general, and in the second step, they compared the impact of the selected research campaigns – the guerrilla campaign of the company 4KA and the viral campaign of the company ABSOLUT. The inputs to the analyses were obtained through answers from 360 respondents, which completed the questionnaire on a sample of Millennials customers generation (1975–2000) – social generation, which collaborate and cooperate, expect technology to simply work for adventure and passionate about values (Smith, Nichols, 2015). The survey part of the questionnaire consisted of 8 attributes (Novelty, Relevance, Aesthetics, Clarity, Humor, Emotion arousal, Surprise, Design, Purchase intention). Data were collected based on participants’ availability and their will to participate in the questionnaire and quota selection. The PLS PM method was used to assess the impact, and the bootstrap-based parametric method was used to assess the difference in the impact. One of the most important findings is that attributes such as Novelty, Relevance, Humor, and Surprise significantly affect purchasing behavior. Concerning the company 4KA, significant impacts were seen in Relevance and Surprise, and with the company ABSOLUT, significant impacts were seen in Relevance, Humor, and Surprise. When analyzing the difference in the impact, there were no significant differences between the campaigns. Acknowledgment This article is one of the partial outputs under the scientific research grant VEGA 1/0694/20, VEGA 1/0609/19.
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Sokolov, Alexander, Catherine Olenitskaya, and Yuri Golovin. "Success Factors of Internet-Activism in Social Networks." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001175.
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Social networks are gradually becoming a space for organizing and conducting civil campaigns. Authors analyze the factors that contribute to the organization of a successful campaign in social networks. They identify social groups that are most susceptible to influence in social networks. The authors also for-mulate a methodology for assessing the involvement of citizens in a civil campaign in social networks.The paper provides the results of a survey of experts to evaluate the factors that enable to ensure the success of the civil campaign on the Internet.
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Jani, Dwi, Deni Gunawan, and Nawanto Agung Prastowo. "The Association Between Knowledge, Attitudes, and Smoking Practice with Relating Factors in a Junior High School." IKESMA 16, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v16i2.18634.
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Smoking habit in adolescents has been increasing recently. Some factors are associated with the smoking habit. However, there are lacks of information regarding influencing factors to smoking habit in the adolescent. The study aimed to examine how knowledge, attitudes, practice, and other factors play a role in adolescents' smoking. There were 381 female and male students of a junior high school in Jakarta who participated. Influencing factors were knowledge, attitudes, practice, social influence, anti-smoking campaigns. The association between factors was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Most students had better knowledge, attitude, and practice. Only two students smoked cigarettes (0.5%). Gender was significantly associated with knowledge (p=0.048), social influence (p=0.000), an anti-smoking campaign (p=0.024). Knowledge had an association with social influence (p=0.002) and anti-smoking campaign (p=0.000), whereas attitudes with practice smoking (p=0.005) and anti-smoking campaign (p=0.000). Social influence was also associated with the anti-smoking campaign (p=0.000). In conclusion, students of Permai junior high school had good knowledge, attitudes, and practice of smoking. There are associations between factors that contribute to smoking habit in adolescents.
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Mulligan, Michael. "Piracy and Empire: The Campaign against Piracy, the Development of International Law and the British Imperial Mission." Journal of the History of International Law 19, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340079.
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This article will examine the issue of piracy and how the prohibition of piracy developed in international law from the 19th century onwards. The campaigns against piracy in the 19th century influenced the development of international law into the 21st century with the prohibition on piracy achieving the status of peremptory norm ‘jus cogens’ under international law. The anti-piracy campaign of the British led to the signing of treaties which, although ostensibly designed to prohibit the trade, had the effect of consolidating British power and influence over the Gulf States and furthered imperial interests there. The campaign also further contributed to the notion of the ‘civilising mission’. The legacy of the campaigns reverberate in the contemporary debates about piracy, particularly in relation to the so-called pirates who operate off the west coast of Africa.
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Yun, Lira, Elaine M. Ori, Younghan Lee, Allison Sivak, and Tanya R. Berry. "A Systematic Review of Community-wide Media Physical Activity Campaigns: An Update From 2010." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 7 (July 2017): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0616.
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Background:Mass media campaign is an integral tool to influence physical activity participant behaviors. The purpose of the systematic review was to identify the effectiveness of mass media campaigns in promoting physical activity.Methods:Literature update from January 2010 to September 2016 was conducted in 13 databases. Full text articles of 128 were screened, and 23 articles (18 campaigns) were selected from the initial 1692 articles.Results:All campaigns involved mass media advertisements to promote physical activity to general individuals (n = 2), adults (8), children (4), older adults (2), and parents of children (n = 2). The campaign evaluation designs included clustered RCT (2), cohort (3), quasi-experimental (9), and cross-sectional (9). Eight articles demonstrated significant campaign impact on proximal, 6 on intermediate, 5 on distal outcomes, and 6 on distal change based on either proximal or intermediate outcome.Conclusion:The current review assessed the outcome evaluation of mass media physical activity campaigns that varied in their respective scope, target population and outcomes measured to identify individual changes at proximal, intermediate, and distal level. Results from formative and process evaluation as well as dose-response and cost-effective analysis are suggested to provide valuable evidence for campaign stakeholders and planners.
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Reid, Rayne, and Johan Van Niekerk. "Decoding audience interpretations of awareness campaign messages." Information & Computer Security 24, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose This research aims to determine whether the educational influence of the cybersecurity awareness campaign on the audience (their knowledge, behaviour and potential cybersecurity culture) matches the campaign’s educational objectives. The research focuses on the knowledge component of this metric by examining the awareness campaign audience’s interpretative role in processing the campaign content, through the lens of active audience theory (AAT). Design/methodology/approach Using reflective practices, this research examines a single longitudinal case study of a cybersecurity awareness and education campaign which aims to raise awareness amongst school learners. Artefacts from a single sample are examined. Findings Reflexive practices using theories such as active audience can assist in identifying deviations between the message a campaign intends to communicate and the message that the campaign audience receives. Research limitations/implications Using this research approach, measurements could only be obtained for campaign messages depicted in artefacts. Future interventions should be designed to facilitate a more rigorous analysis of the audiences’ interpretation of all campaign messages using ATT. Originality/value This paper applied principles of ATT to examine the audience’s interpretative role in processing an awareness campaign’s content based on artifacts they created after exposure to the campaign. Conducting such analyses as part of a reflective process between cyber awareness/education campaign cycles provides a way to identify areas or topics within the campaign that require corrective action.
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Khadijah, Siti. "Program Kampanye #Budayabeberes Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat Untuk Membuang Sampah Sendiri." Cakrawala - Jurnal Humaniora 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jc.v21i1.9699.
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Currently there are many problems in the environmental sector, such as a lack of public awareness in sorting and disposing of waste. Therefore, one of the companies that is actively conducting campaigns to reduce this problem is KFC Indonesia. KFC spreads its #budayabeberes campaign message via Instagram. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the #budayabeberes campaign on community participation in disposing of their own waste. This research used descriptive explanative method, with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The data collection techniques used questionnaires and interviews. The analysis technique used linear regression. The results in this study state that the cultural campaign program carried out on Instagram has an influence of 46.1% and the remaining 53.9% is influenced by other factors such as interest from participants, gifts from an activity, the existence of benefits from activities, and outside motivation. The #budayabeberes campaign program has a positive and significant effect on community participation in disposing of their own waste with a coefficient value of 1.391
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Daigle, Marc, Louise Beausoleil, Jacques Brisoux, Sylvaine Raymond, Lucie Charbonneau, and Julie Desaulniers. "Reaching Suicidal People with Media Campaigns." Crisis 27, no. 4 (July 2006): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.27.4.172.
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Abstract. Five variables were investigated in the evaluation of Suicide Prevention Weeks (SPW) held in 1999, 2000, and 2001 in Québec, Canada: exposure to the campaign, previous suicide ideation, knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. After the year 2000 campaign, a telephone survey conducted on a representative sample of 1020 men revealed that only those actually exposed to the SPW had gained more knowledge of suicide facts and resources. However, the SPW did not influence attitudes or intentions to seek help. Results are not surprising, considering the low intensity of the campaign, especially in the media. Campaigns aimed at changing suicidal behaviors must be intensive.
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Kustec Lipicer, Simona, Samo Kropivnik, and Alem Maksuti. "An Analysis of Winning Campaigns in Urban Municipalities in 2006 Local Elections." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 333–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/57.
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The study of electoral campaigns is nowadays one of the very topical and popular themes in the field of the scientific-research work. Electoral campaigns can be defined in several ways and from several points of view. In this paper, a campaign is understood as a set of diverse activities performed to influence the electoral result. These activities can be studied according to the political-system, time-space, organisational and instrumental dimensions of their performance. The key purpose of the paper is to analyse and typologise the features of electoral campaigns of today's urban municipality mayors in Slovenia during their standing as candidates in local elections in 2006. By using various methodological and statistical approaches and tools, it was found out in the analysed cases that electoral campaigns were an important part of the electoral process and that, according to planning features and implementing plans, they were very specific in all the studied municipalities. Because of this, the campaigns in the studied elections were characterised as particular and highly localised. Despite these particularities, four different types of campaigns were highlighted according to the groups of similar features: a) traditional campaigns; b) charismatic candidate campaigns; c) modern local campaigns and d) an intense campaign mosaic. Regardless of the particularities of the campaign activities and processes, it turned out that they played an important role at the local level of political activity.
Key words: • electoral campaign • local elections • urban municipality • mayor • type • Slovenia
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Won, Jungyun, Linda Hon, and Ah Ram Lee. "Predicting Public Interest Issue Campaign Participation on Social Media." Journal of Public Interest Communications 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jpic.v2.i1.p129.
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This study investigates what motivates people to participate in a social media campaign in the context of animal protection issues. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested a proposed research model with survey data from 326 respondents. Situational awareness, participation benefits, and social ties influence were positive predictors of social media campaign participation intentions. Situational awareness also partially mediates the relationship between participation benefits and participation intentions as well as strong ties influence and participation intentions. When designing social media campaigns, public interest communicators should raise situational awareness and emphasize participation benefits. Messages shared through social networks, especially via strong ties, also may be more effective than those posted only on official websites or social networking sites (SNSs).
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Mărmureanu, Luminiţa, Jeni Vasilescu, Jay Slowik, André S. H. Prévôt, Cristina Antonia Marin, Bogdan Antonescu, Athanasia Vlachou, Anca Nemuc, Alexandru Dandocsi, and Sönke Szidat. "Online Chemical Characterization and Source Identification of Summer and Winter Aerosols in Măgurele, Romania." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040385.
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Aerosols and organic source apportionment were characterized using data collected during two measurement campaigns. These campaigns were conducted during the summer and winter seasons at Măgurele, a site located southwest of Bucharest, the capital of Romania and one of the largest cities in southeastern Europe (raking seven in Europe based on population). The summer campaign was conducted between 7 June–18 July 2012, and the winter campaign from 14 January–6 February 2013. Approximately 50% of the organic fraction contribution to the total submicron particulate matter sampled by aerosol mass spectrometer was evidenced during both seasons. Submicronic organic aerosol sources were quantified using the positive matrix factorization approach. For warm (summer) and cold (winter) seasons, more than 50% from total organics was represented by oxidized factors. For the summer season, separate analyses were conducted on data influenced by urban and non-urban sources. The influence of pollution from Bucharest on the measurement site was observed in aerosol concentration and composition. The primary organic aerosols have different contribution percentage during summer, depending on their main origin. The influence of Bucharest, during summer, included cooking contribution of 13%. The periods with more regional influence were characterized by lower contribution from traffic and biomass burning in a total proportion of 28%. In winter, the influence of local non-traffic sources was dominant. For more than 99% of the measurements, the biomass burning indicator, f 60 , exceeded the background value, with residential heating being an important source in this area. Fossil fuel contribution was confirmed for one week during the winter campaign, when 14 C analysis of total and elemental carbon revealed the presence of 17% fossil contributions to total carbon. Mass spectrometry, 14 C and absorption data suggest biomass burning as the predominant primary source of organic aerosols for the winter season.
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Peoples, Clayton D. "Campaign Finance and Policymaking: PACs, Campaign Contributions, and Interest Group Influence in Congress." Sociology Compass 7, no. 11 (November 2013): 900–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12079.
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Yanovitzky, Itzhak. "A Multiyear Assessment of Public Response to a Statewide Drug Take-Back and Disposal Campaign, 2010 to 2012." Health Education & Behavior 44, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198116682433.
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This study is the first to analyze public response to a drug take-back program, the American Medicine Chest Challenge, in a single state over a period of 3 years (2010-2012). The study utilized a three-wave repeated cross-sectional design and an annual phone survey conducted with a representative sample of adults ( N = 906 in 2010, N = 907 in 2011, and N = 906 in 2012), which assessed exposure to the campaign, drug disposal behaviors, possible mediators of campaign effects (risk appraisal, personal agency, normative influence, and interpersonal talk), and potential confounders. Logistic regression and causal mediation analysis were employed to estimate confounder-adjusted direct and mediated effects of the campaign. Results showed that the campaign reached a sizable portion (50% to 60%) of state adults and that campaign exposure was associated with increased likelihood of having conversations with others about this topic. About 55% of all adults in the state reported taking at least one of the actions recommended by the campaign, and campaign exposure was associated with increased likelihood of disposing of prescription drugs at a drug collection day event (adjusted odds ratio = 4) and of talking to a child about the risks associated with prescription drug abuse (adjusted odds ratio = 2). The causal mediation analysis demonstrated that the campaign influenced audiences by reinforcing their efficacy to safely dispose of prescription drugs, but also potentially by stimulating conversations among community members about this topic. Drug take-back campaigns can be an effective mechanism to decrease the availability of prescription drugs in communities.
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Schraven, Etienne, Elco van Burg, Marco van Gelderen, and Enno Masurel. "Predictions of Crowdfunding Campaign Success: The Influence of First Impressions on Accuracy and Positivity." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13120331.
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Crowdfunding has quickly gained popularity in recent years, providing an additional way for entrepreneurial individuals and organizations (creators) to attract funds for their projects. Scholars have been interested in predicting the success of crowdfunding campaigns, by relating campaign characteristics to the actual success of these campaigns. We take one step back by studying the cognitive processes of the crowd. This paper uses an experimental approach to establish whether participants’ predictions on the success of crowdfunding campaigns based on first impressions are as positive and as accurate as those derived from more thorough analyses. We employ a two-study replication design, in which individuals estimate the success of crowdfunding campaigns in two conditions: with limited time and with unlimited time. The results show that prediction accuracy in both conditions is equal, yet shorter time availability results in assessments that are more negative. We discuss implications for creators and for funders.
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Kim, Hee, and Jung Jang. "The Easier the Better: How Processing Fluency Influences Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Intention in Pro-Social Campaign Advertising." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124777.
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This study examines how processing fluency influences people’s behavioral intention to perform a pro-social behavior. In particular, we predict that high processing fluency enhances self-efficacy perception which, in turn, increases behavioral intention to participate in a pro-social campaign. Study 1 tested the proposed effect in the context of a pro-environmental campaign. Results showed that individual’s subjective feeling of processing fluency affects the degree of self-efficacy and intention to engage in recycling behavior. Study 2 replicated study 1 in the context of organ donation. In addition, we manipulated the degree of conceptual fluency by differently pairing message framing (gain vs. loss) and background color (blue vs. red). As predicted, participants exposed to campaign advertising with conceptually matching framing-color pairs (blue—gain framing and red—loss framing) expressed a greater level of self-efficacy than those who were exposed to mismatched pairs. In addition, self-efficacy mediated the influence of the color–framing match on the intention to donate organs. Our research contributes to the existing literature by identifying critical drivers that promote actions toward pro-social campaigns. It also provides useful guidelines for marketers who design and implement pro-social campaign communications.
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N. Nmere, Obasi, Victor O. Okolo, James O. Abugu, Felix Chukwubuzo Alio, and John C. Anetoh. "Influence of public relations’ media public enlightenment campaign and community participation strategies on waste management." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.08.
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Waste management has posed a lot of threats to both humanity and the stability of the natural environment. This study specifically investigated whether public relations’ media enlightenment campaign has any significant influence on waste management and also studied whether public relations’ community participation has any significant influence on waste management. The population of the study consists of residents of Enugu metropolis. Survey method was adopted for the study, and the sample size of 384 residents were determined using Cochran’s method. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to determine the reliability of 0.980. Using the convenience sampling technique, the questionnaires were distributed to 384 residents, and 295 of them were duly filled and validated. Using simple linear regression for data analysis, the findings revealed that public relations’ media public enlightenment campaign strategy has a significant influence on waste management (r = 0.933; t = 76.736; F = 5888.365; p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, it was revealed that public relations’ community participation strategy has a significant influence on waste management (r = 0.930; t = 76.280; F = 5667.029; p &lt; 0.05). Ergo, there is a need to improve on media public enlightenment campaign strategy towards educating and encouraging waste management behavior among residents through an adequate traditional and social media awareness campaign. Also, residents should be encouraged to participate actively and meaningfully in environmental waste management issues in Enugu metropolis. The implication is that residents will be more conscious of managing their wastes effectively as a result of adequate information gathering from the media and participation in waste management activities. AcknowledgmentIn the course of this study, a few research assistants contributed immensely in gathering primary data from the districts where the study was conducted. They include Ayogu Victor, Ayogu Boniface, Okolo Valentine, and Agu O. Agu.
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Ho, Han-Chiang, Candy Lim Chiu, Somkiat Mansumitrchai, Zhengqing Yuan, Nan Zhao, and Jiajie Zou. "The Influence of Signals on Donation Crowdfunding Campaign Success during COVID-19 Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147715.
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In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic devasted public health agencies and the federal government across the world. Bridging the gap between underserved populations and the healthcare system, the donation-based crowdfunding campaign has opened a new way for suffering individuals and families to access broader social network platforms for financial and non-financial assistance. Despite the growing popularity of crowdfunding during the pandemic crisis, little research has explored the various signals that attract potential donors to donate. This study explores the effects of signaling theory on the success of a crowdfunding campaign for food relief launched in GoFundMe during which the United States was severely affected by the pandemic with a surged number of coronavirus infected cases from 1 March with 134 confirmed COVID-19 infected cases to 29 July with 4,295,308 infected cases according to World Health Organization. The following results show that the three different signal success measures are important to the success of crowdfunding campaigns: (1) signals originating from the campaign (Title, Description, Spelling Error, Location, and Picture); (2) signals originating from the fundraiser (Social Network, and Update); and (3) signals originating from the social interaction of the fundraiser with the crowd (Comment, Follower, and Share). These findings provide insight and bring additional knowledge contribution to the crowdfunding literature.
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Silva, Marlene Nunes, Cristina Godinho, Marta Salavisa, Katherine Owen, Rute Santos, Catarina Santos Silva, Romeu Mendes, Pedro J. Teixeira, Graça Freitas, and Adrian Bauman. "“Follow the Whistle: Physical Activity Is Calling You”: Evaluation of Implementation and Impact of a Portuguese Nationwide Mass Media Campaign to Promote Physical Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 8062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218062.
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To raise perceived capability (C), opportunity (O) and motivation (M) for physical activity (PA) behaviour (B) among adults, the Portuguese Directorate-General of Health developed a mass media campaign named “Follow the Whistle”, based on behaviour change theory and social marketing principles. Comprehensive formative and process evaluation suggests this media-led campaign used best-practice principles. The campaign adopted a population-wide approach, had clear behavioural goals, and clear multi-strategy implementation. We assessed campaign awareness and initial impact using pre (n = 878, 57% women) and post-campaign (n = 1319, 58% women) independent adult population samples via an online questionnaire, comprising socio-demographic factors, campaign awareness and recall, and psychosocial and behavioural measures linked to the COM-B model. PA was assessed with IPAQ and the Activity Choice Index. The post-campaign recall was typical of levels following national campaigns (24%). Post-campaign measures were higher for key theory-based targets (all p < 0.05), namely self-efficacy, perceived opportunities to be more active and intrinsic motivation. The impact on social norms and self-efficacy was moderated by campaign awareness. Concerning PA, effects were found for vigorous activity (p < 0.01), but not for incidental activity. Overall the campaign impacted key theory-based intermediate outcomes, but did not influence incidental activity, which highlights the need for sustained and repeated campaign efforts.
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Grossmann, Matt. "What (or Who) Makes Campaigns Negative?" American Review of Politics 33 (April 1, 2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2012.33.0.1-22.
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Previous work on negative political advertising focuses on candidate characteristics and electoral circumstances; it reveals inconsistencies in the effects of party, incumbency, gender, and competitiveness. I argue that one important set of variables has been excluded: the consulting firms who produce candidate advertising may influence negativity. I explain variation in attack ads and negativity across campaigns for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2002 and 2004, finding that particular consulting firms run more negative campaigns, regardless of electoral circumstances. Idiosyncratic preferences of campaign consultants thus influence the character of campaigns.
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Sellers, Patrick J. "Strategy and Background in Congressional Campaigns." American Political Science Review 92, no. 1 (March 1998): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585935.
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Common conceptions of the electoral connection often make two assumptions about the behavior of candidates and voters. The first is that candidates focus their campaigns on their records. The second is that voters evaluate candidates on the basis of their campaign messages. This article explores how candidates' backgrounds influence these two components of representation. The main premise is simple: Campaign messages are more effective if they emphasize issues on which candidates have built a record that appears favorable to voters. Consequently, candidates tend to focus on this type of issue when choosing campaign themes. Candidates are less successful in winning favorable evaluations if they stray from their records and make unsubstantiated claims.
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Carvalhal da Silva, Andre, and Flavia Mourao Graminho. "Campaign finance and corporate governance: The case of Brazil." Corporate Ownership and Control 3, no. 2 (2006): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv3i2p13.
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Corporate governance mechanisms, such as transparency, accounting standards, responsibility, accountability, fairness, business ethics, efficient shareholder controls, and ownership rights are key tools in combating corruption. This paper investigates on a firm-level basis the relation between corporate governance practices and campaign finance in Brazil. We interpret campaign finance as a proxy for political influence by interest groups. Our results indicate that family-owned firms contribute significantly more for political campaigns, both in terms of proportion of firms and total amount spent to finance the candidates. Higher concentration of capital and the separation of ownership and control are positively related to campaign donations, while better corporate governance is negatively related to political contributions.
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Järvi, L., H. Junninen, A. Karppinen, R. Hillamo, A. Virkkula, T. Mäkelä, T. Pakkanen, and M. Kulmala. "Black carbon concentration trends in Helsinki during 1996–2005." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 8, 2007): 14265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-14265-2007.
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Abstract. The black carbon (BC) concentration trends were studied during ten years in Helsinki, Finland. Measurements were made in three campaigns between 1996 and 2005 at an urban area locating two kilometres from the centre of Helsinki. The first campaign was from November 1996 to June 1997, the second from September 2000 to May 2001 and the third from March 2004 to October 2005. In this study, only data from winter and spring months was analysed. The effect of traffic and meteorological variables on the measured BC concentrations was studied by means of a multiple regression analysis, where the meteorological data was obtained from a meteorological pre-processing model (MPP-FMI). During the ten years, the campaign median BC concentrations were found to decrease slightly from 1.11 to 1.00 μg m−3. The lowest campaign median concentration (0.93 μg m−3) was measured during the second campaign in 2000–2001, when also the lowest traffic rates were measured. The strongest decrease between campaigns 1 and 3 was observed during weekday daytimes, when the traffic rates are highest. The variables affecting the measured BC concentrations most were traffic, wind speed and mixing height. On weekdays, traffic had clearly the most important influence and on weekends the effect of wind speed diluted the effect of traffic. The affecting variables and their influence on the BC concentration were similar in winter and spring. The separate examination of the three campaigns showed that the effect of traffic on the BC concentrations had decreased during the studied years. This reduction was caused by cleaner emissions from vehicles, since between years 1996 and 2005 the traffic rates had increased. A rough estimate gave that vehicle number-scaled BC mass concentrations have decreased from 0.0028 to 0.0020 μg m−3 between campaigns 1 and 3.
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Khairiza, Fajrina, and Bevaola Kusumasari. "Analyzing Political Marketing in Indonesia: A Palm Oil Digital Campaign Case Study." Forest and Society 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v4i2.9576.
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Social media in political marketing is an emerging area of research. This study explains how social networks are constructed in a digital campaign, identifying key actors, and messages involved in modern political marketing. A hotly contested palm oil campaign in Indonesia serves as a case study to analyze and visualize the messaging content found in digital campaigns. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was used to map the social network sites in Twitter and to track social interaction patterns in the #SawitBaik campaign. The results confirmed that state institutions, non-governmental institutions, news media, and individuals were key actors in the digital campaign. The actors’ roles varied from providing information and supporting palm oil activities to criticizing palm oil activities and promoting campaign events. Most tweets were critical of the government, serving as brand advocacy. The #SawitBaik campaign is also an example of political marketing used by a government in order to influence its citizens. In this case, the goal was to shape and win public support by legitimizing palm oil activities in Indonesia.
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Demetrious, Kristin. "‘Energy wars’: Global PR and public debate in the 21st century." Public Relations Inquiry 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x18804283.
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‘Hashtags’, ‘trending topics’, ‘mentions’ ‘likes, ‘retweets’: the 21st century is distinctive for a range of new communication technologies, social practices and discourses that have framed public debate as “authentic”, “participatory”, “empowering” and “organic”. In this article, I explore a 21st century public relations (PR) campaign that is promoting neoliberal “solutions” to complex social and environmental problems, namely Burson-Marsteller’s 2014 campaign for coal industry client, Peabody Energy. The ‘Advanced Energy for Life’ (AEFL) ‘comprehensive global campaign’ to promote the idea of ‘clean coal’ in the alleviation of ‘energy poverty’ is but one in a succession of campaigns deployed by the coal industry since the 1980s. This article examines the reception of the AEFL campaign in Australia from January 2014 to March 2017. In doing so, it traces the movement of campaign tropes in the public sphere as well as prominent Twitter activity. It asks what purpose did the tropes serve and how they propelled debate. It also asks if resistance on Twitter can disrupt the ‘long period of suspended animation’ in public debate on energy policy. In tackling these questions with a critical lens, it aims to develop a greater understanding of the influence of global PR campaigns such as Peabody’s AEFL in public debate in contemporary settings.
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Kelly, Kathleen J., Randall C. Swaim, and Jeffrey C. Wayman. "The Impact of a Localized Antidrug Media Campaign on Targeted Variables Associated with Adolescent Drug Use." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 15, no. 2 (September 1996): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569601500206.
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The authors report a study designed to determine whether antidrug campaigns that have been localized can affect variables associated with adolescent drug use. An experiment was conducted with sets of matched communities with populations between 5000 and 30,000 distributed throughout the United States. Seventh- through twelfth-grade students in experimental communities were exposed to a year-long media campaign followed by a survey. The targeted variables were perceived influence of media messages on “favorability” toward substance use and drug-related intentions, perceived harm of substance use, parental sanctions against substance use, parent-child communication about substance use, peer encouragement to use substances, and peer sanctions against substance use. Recall of the media campaign was low. However, adolescents with low and moderate levels of drug use who recalled individual campaign flights showed beneficial effects on targeted variables in comparison with students who did not recall the campaigns and control students who were not exposed to the campaigns. The implications of the findings for further research and public policy are discussed.
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Durkin, Sarah J., Kate Broun, Matthew J. Spittal, and Melanie A. Wakefield. "Impact of a mass media campaign on participation rates in a National Bowel Cancer Screening Program: a field experiment." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e024267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024267.
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Objectives and designThis field experiment aimed to compare bowel cancer screening participation rates prior to, during and after a mass media campaign promoting screening, and the extent to which a higher intensity campaign in one state led to higher screening rates compared with another state that received lower intensity campaign exposure.InterventionAn 8-week television-led mass media campaign was launched in selected regions of Australia in mid-2014 to promote Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) that posts out immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) kits to the homes of age-eligible people. The campaign used paid 30-second television advertising in the entire state of Queensland but not at all in Western Australia. Other supportive campaign elements had national exposure, including print, 4-minute television advertorials, digital and online advertising.Outcome measuresMonthly kit return and invite data from NBCSP (January 2012 to December 2014). Return rates were determined as completed kits returned for analysis out of the number of people invited to do the iFOBT test in the current and past 3 months in each state.ResultsAnalyses adjusted for seasonality and the influence of other national campaigns. The number of kits returned for analysis increased in Queensland (adjusted rate ratio 20%, 95% CI 1.06% to 1.35%, p<0.01) during the months of the campaign and up to 2 months after broadcast, but only showed a tendency to increase in Western Australia (adjusted rate ratio 11%, 95% CI 0.99% to 1.24%, p=0.087).ConclusionsThe higher intensity 8-week television-led campaign in Queensland increased the rate of kits returned for analysis in Queensland, whereas there were marginal effects for the low intensity campaign elements in Western Australia. The low levels of participation in Australia’s NBCSP could be increased by national mass media campaigns, especially those led by higher intensity paid television advertising.
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Järvi, L., H. Junninen, A. Karppinen, R. Hillamo, A. Virkkula, T. Mäkelä, T. Pakkanen, and M. Kulmala. "Temporal variations in black carbon concentrations with different time scales in Helsinki during 1996–2005." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 4 (February 26, 2008): 1017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1017-2008.
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Abstract. Variations in black carbon (BC) concentrations over different timescales, including annual, weekly and diurnal changes, were studied during ten years in Helsinki, Finland. Measurements were made in three campaigns between 1996 and 2005 at an urban area locating two kilometres of the centre of Helsinki. The first campaign took place from November 1996 to June 1997, the second from September 2000 to May 2001 and the third from March 2004 to October 2005. A detailed comparison between the campaigns was only made for winter and spring months when data from all campaigns existed. The effect of traffic and meteorological variables on the measured BC concentrations was studied by means of a multiple regression analysis, where the meteorological data was obtained from a meteorological pre-processing model (MPP-FMI). The BC concentrations showed annual pattern with maxima in fall and late winter due to the weakened mixing and enhanced emissions. Between 1996 and 2005, the campaign median BC concentrations decreased slightly from 1.11 to 1.00 μg m−3. The lowest campaign median concentration (0.93 μg m−3) was measured during the second campaign in 2000–2001, when also the lowest traffic rates were measured. The strongest decrease between Campaigns 1 and 3 was observed on weekday daytimes, when also the traffic rates are highest. The variables affecting the measured BC concentrations most were traffic, wind speed and mixing height. On weekdays, traffic had clearly the most important influence before the wind speed and on weekends the effect of wind speed diluted the effect of traffic. The affecting variables and their influence on the BC concentrations were similar in winter and spring. The separate examination of the three campaigns showed that the effect of traffic on the BC concentrations had decreased during the studied years. This reduction was caused by lower emitting vehicles, since between years 1996 and 2005 the traffic rates had increased.
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Dono, Joanne, Caroline Miller, Kerry Ettridge, and Carlene Wilson. "The role of social norms in the relationship between anti-smoking advertising campaigns and smoking cessation: a scoping review." Health Education Research 35, no. 3 (April 10, 2020): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa008.
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Abstract A systematic scoping review of anti-smoking mass media campaign literature provided opportunity to explore how social normative theories and constructs are used to influence smoking cessation. Synthesis of findings was constrained by significant heterogeneity. Nevertheless, the results indicate that a broader conceptualization of social norm is worthy of further exploration. Perceptions of what others think and do contributed in multiple ways to the relationship between anti-smoking messaging and quitting outcomes. Furthermore, integrating research on social norms, social identity and communication may improve understanding of why quitting intentions are enhanced in some circumstances but reactance and counter-arguing responses corresponding to lower quitting intentions occur in others. Integrating a broader theoretical understanding of normative influences into campaign development and evaluation may prove useful in demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in behaviour change campaigns.
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Meisyaroh, Siti, and Marcella Novena. "THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS CAMPAIGN #NOSTRAWMOVEMENT ON FAST FOOD RESTOURANT CONSUMER PARTICIPATION." Jurnal Komunikasi dan Bisnis 8, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/jkb.v8i2.677.
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News about environmental issues have led many companies and fast food restaurants like KFC started the Public Relations campaign movement with the theme #NOSTRAWMOVEMENT which was done simultaneously in all of their outlets in Indonesia. KFC Raden Inten becomes case in study. This study aims to determine the influence of the Public Relations campaign #NOSTRAWMOVEMENT will influence consumer participation in KFC Raden Inten. This research uses stimulus- respons (S-R) theory and participation concept which can be interpreted as taking part or taking a role in activities or activities. The author uses this theory because I want to know how much consumer participation is influenced by Public Relations campaign #NOSTRAWMOVEMENT of KFC. Participation is divided into two categories, direct participation and indirect participation. In this study, researchers used quantitative research with a descriptive and explanatory approach. Data collection techniques used in this study were documentation and questionnaire filling as part of the survey. Researchers used a survei method using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using validity test, reliability test, normality test, t test, F test and R2 test. Based on the data processing carried out, this study obtained the result that the relationship between the Public Relations campaign variables and consumer participation had a positive and significant influence.
Keywords: Public Relations Campaign, Consumer Participation, Consumer Attitude
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Sabato, Larry. "Political Influence, the News Media and Campaign Consultants." PS: Political Science and Politics 22, no. 1 (March 1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419862.
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Schneider, Justine, Chris Beeley, and Julie Repper. "Campaign appears to influence subjective experience of stigma." Journal of Mental Health 20, no. 1 (January 27, 2011): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2010.537403.
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Sabato, Larry. "Political Influence, the News Media and Campaign Consultants." PS: Political Science & Politics 22, no. 01 (March 1989): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500030018.
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