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Davis, Vauna L. "We Need to Talk: Persuasive Communication in Fireproof Ministries' XXXchurch Anti-Pornography Campaign." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3247.
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The growing evidence of harm caused by pornography calls for interventions to counteract the influence of explicit sexual media. Fireproof Ministries conducts a major Christian anti-pornography campaign called XXXchurch. This case analysis of the campaign evaluated if the messages were appropriately designed in light of what persuasion research has discovered about motivating attitudinal and behavioral change. Theories about agenda setting, attitude accessibility, exemplars, evidence, cognitive dissonance, guilt, reactance, fear appeals, and self-efficacy were the basis of identifying the themes of the campaign, evaluating the credibility of XXXchurch, and assessing the theoretical foundation of the campaign. The study found three dominant objectives of the campaign: awareness, prevention, and recovery. XXXchurch has set the pornography agenda in many Christian churches, and also brings the issue to a wider public through news media; they have been featured in thousands of media publications and broadcasts. XXXchurch measures their own success by the stories and feedback they hear from their audience, the media attention they receive, and their increased acceptance by churches. The three main groups of themes in the messages of the campaign are prevention and recovery, the harm of pornography, and how God's purposes for life are impacted by pornography. These themes are essentially persuasive messages encouraging people to consider the negative consequence of using pornography and the benefits of resisting it. The attitudes influenced through these messages are the precursors to taking action to overcome pornography. The XXXchurch campaign establishes credibility with their audience through six elements: (a) prior experience or perceptions, (b) credentials, competence, and expertise (c) honesty and lack of bias, (d) similarity to the audience, (e) bold, confident delivery, and (f) plausible messages. Examples of self-efficacy, exemplars, and fear appeals were the most frequently found theories in the campaign messages. Persuasion theories functioned as useful tools for analyzing and understanding the campaign. Although the XXXchurch team did not design the campaign with these theories in mind, the theories strongly explain the foundation of the campaign. Taken as a whole, the campaign clearly demonstrates research-based principles, which suggest a prediction of successfully influencing attitudes and behavior.
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Cox, Jamesha. "The Influence of Campaign Contributions on Proportionality of Representation in the United States Congress." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/945.
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There are proportionally fewer Hispanic Americans, African Americans and women in Congress than in the United States population. Existing literature prescribes a variety of explanations for this disparity including skewed nominations procedures, differing participation rates, racial gerrymandering, voting biases, and funding inequities. This study revisits one aspect of the underrepresentation issue: campaign contributions. Money has been an integral component of the electoral process since before the American Revolution and its impact on the current composition of Congress ought to be explored to a greater extent. Previous research shows that contributors rarely, if at all, discriminate on the basis of gender. This study intends to further investigate the congressional campaign funding of African Americans and provide some much needed insight regarding the campaign financing of Hispanic American candidates. Using financial and biographical data from each candidate within the 2004 and 2008 election cycles, a multiple regression model will be employed to evaluate the extent to which gender and minority status determine the distribution of congressional campaign funds independent of other electability traits considered influential by contributors (the percentage of vote received in the last election, incumbency, and the leadership position held are indications of candidate strength that affect campaign contributions). The magnitude and statistical significance of these coefficients provides further understanding into funding inequitiesB.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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GOMES, RENATO DIAS DE BRITO. "RESTRICTIONS ON PRIVATE CAMPAIGN FINANCING: INCENTIVES TO LESS ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OR TO COVERT CONTRIBUTIONS?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6995@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORUma preocupação comum em várias democracias é reduzir a influência do poder econômico sobre o processo eleitoral. Por exemplo, desde o Electoral Reform Act de 1971, os EUA limitaram as contribuições declaradas (hard money) que um candidato pode receber. Ainda assim, doações não reguladas para campanhas políticas (soft money) permitiram que os gastos das campanhas americanas continuassem a crescer. Será então que restrições a doações apenas estimulam contribuições veladas? Este trabalho modela os incentivos para contribuições políticas, mostrando que, sob restrições a doações, contribuições abertas visam a modificar plataformas enquanto que as veladas visam a influenciar o resultado da eleição. Esta separação de objetivos faz com que mais restrições a contribuições abertas reduzam incentivos para contribuições veladas. Leis que restringem doações para campanhas, portanto, devem reduzir a importância do poder econômico no processo político.
Reducing the influence of economic power on the electoral process is a common concern in most democracies. In the United States, for example, the Electoral Reform Act of 1971 limits the declared donations (hard money) a candidate may receive. Still, non-regulated donations to political campaigns (soft money) have allowed campaign spending to continue to grow. Would such limits to donations do nothing but stimulate covert contributions? This paper models the incentives for campaign contributions.We show that, under legal restrictions to hard money, open contributions aspect policies, while covert contributions influence the electoral outcome. By separating objectives, more restrictions to open contributions dampen incentives to covert contributions. As such, these restrictions should reduce the economic influence on the political process.
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Harrison, Paula. "Campaign Apologia as Process: Dan Quayle's Defense of his National Guard Service." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2436.
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This thesis contains an analysis of apologia from the 1988 national presidential campaign which resulted from Republican vice-presidential candidate Dan Quayle's disclosure that he served in the National Guard during the Vietnam War. Quayle's revelation created a "gaffe sequence" played out in the media over a period of approximately two weeks. The rhetorical situation dictated the use of an eclectic methodology to evaluate apologia generated in response to media questions about Quayle's avoidance of active military service.
Quayle's defense included minimalizing the issue through avoidance and denial during staged and spontaneous contact with the media, and also the rhetorical support of other Republicans. Ultimately, he overcame the issue by turning questions about his competence and character into questions about the media's ethos. Notwithstanding, the media's investigation of the relatively unknown Quayle pointed to the larger issue of his qualifications for national office. Although Quayle's strategy was successful, the initial gaffe raised questions about Quayle's ethos which persist to this day.
The study yielded three important insights about apologia: (1) apologia is not a single response, nor responses given in a single setting; (2) not only does apologia repair an ethos, it can also help construct an ethos in cases where the public knows little or nothing about a political figure; (3) apologia includes the rhetorical support of others. Additionally, critics must continue refining existing methodologies as they seek to understand rhetorical phenomena.
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Levy, Reymond. "The Unity of Division: A Rhetorical Analysis of Selected Speeches from Barack Obama's 2008 Presidential Campaign." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/writing_etd/23.
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Bullock, David Alan. "The influence of political attack advertising on undecided voters: An experimental study of campaign message strategy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186608.
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This study examined in an experimental setting the influence of comparative message strategies in political attack advertising messages on voter perceptions of the attacker and of the targeted candidate. Relying on theories of social cognition (Fiske & Taylor, 1991), the study posited that, among voters unfamiliar with either candidate, ambiguous and image-based attack messages would facilitate greater negative attitude shifts toward both candidates than other attack message strategies. Attacks were found to lower perceptions of both targeted and attacking candidates regardless of message strategy. Image-based attacks lowered perceptions of targeted candidates significantly more than issue-based attacks but did not influence perceptions of attackers significantly. Level of ambiguity did not appear to influence voter perception of targeted or attacking candidates.
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Bergé, Jean-Henri. "Du candidat à l'élu, analyse transversale des contraintes, directes et indirectes, qui rythment une campagne électorale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1035.
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Quels sont les éléments qui ont une influence sur le vote ?En tentant de répondre à cette question fondamentale en démocratie, les travaux de recherche ont mis au jour les différents paramètres à prendre en compte lors d'une campagne électorale. Aussi, quand un candidat ne propose que des avantages individuels pour les électeurs, le débat ne s'élève pas au-dessus des satisfactions personnelles de chaque électeur. Promesses, distribution de prébendes et autorisations dérogatoires au droit commun ne constituent alors qu'un catalogue de propositions diverses. Les systèmes de valeurs, les principes, les opinions, l'appartenance et les familles politiques s'effacent devant la personnalité du candidat, et les avantages attendus par chaque électeurWhat are the factors that influence the vote ? In attempting to answer this fundamental question in a democracy, the research revealed the various parameters to be considered during an election campaign. Also, when a candidate only offers benefits to individual voters, the debate does not rise above each voter's personal satisfaction. Promises, distributing bribes, and derogation to the common law permits then constitute a catalog of various proposals. Systems of values, principles, beliefs, membership and political families are superseded by the candidate's personality, and the expected benefits of each voter
En un intento de responder a esta pregunta fundamental en una democracia , la investigación ha pusto de manifesto los diferentes parámetros a tener en cuenta durante la campaña electoral. Además, cuando un candidato sólo ofrece beneficios a los votantes individuales, el debate no se levanta por encima de la satisfacción personal de cada votante. Promesas, distribución de sobornos, y permisos derogatorios a la ley común constituyen un catálogo de las diversas propuestas. Los sistemas de valores, principios, creencias, la pertenencia y las familias políticas se desvanecen ante la personalidad del candidato, así como los beneficios esperados de cada votante
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MIchaelsen, Abigail. "Brand Obama: How Barack Obama Revolutionized Political Campaign Marketing in the 2008 Presidential Election." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/990.
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In 2008, President Barack Obama was named Advertising Age’s marketer of the year, the first time a politician won such an award. While presidential candidates have always employed marketing tactics in order to communicate their platform and persuade voters to support them, candidate Obama’s marketing campaign completely revolutionized the field. Through an innovative marketing strategy, candidate Barack Obama transformed himself from a mere political unknown in 2004 to a worldwide sensation by the time the general election started in 2008. His calls for “hope and change” and “post-partisanship” captured the hearts of Americans frustrated with failed Bush policy and constant gridlock in Washington. His inspirational speeches and words inspired a nation ready for a fresh and modern leader prepared to tackle twenty-first century problems. And, his innovative use of online and social media tools allowed millions of supporters to easily get involved in the campaign, igniting a movement never seen before in American elections. This paper analyzes how Barack Obama transformed political campaign marketing, utilizing both traditional and new ways to communicate and engage with the masses. This is accomplished by first illustrating a general framework for political marketing. Then, I examine the history of political campaign marketing, with a special emphasis on how technology has transformed the field over time. Lastly, I analyze how online and social media tools helped Obama win the election and how the internet has transformed the nature of political elections.
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Arensdorf, Ashley Ives. "The influence of operational and tactical doctrine, leadership and training on the North African campaign, 1941-1942." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496180.
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Takeuchi, Jiro. "Influence of vaccination dose and catch-up campaign on antibody titers against measles and rubella among university students." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188685.
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Eicher, Michael D. "The Influence of Leadership Style on Philanthropy and Fundraising in Three Independent Appalachian Schools." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou149064994480359.
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Belden, Megan. "Trumping The Norm: Political Influence Of Negative Emotion In The 2016 Election." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1126.
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Emotion acts as a primer for our memory retention and encoding processes. In the 2016 election, we saw an increase in negative or hostile rhetoric from candidates. I argue this is due to the use of Twitter and the physical representation of engagement. This paper examines the effect of enthusiasm, anxiety, and hostility in response to political tweets. Tweets from Republican presidential candidates, Donald Trump, Ted Cruz, and Marco Rubio were analyzed for emotional response content to explore mean differences in retweets from the three emotions.
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Montiegel, Kristella Marie. ""First"-Matters: Projecting the Displacement of Responses to Questions in the Context of Presidential Primary-Campaign Debates." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3836.
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This thesis takes a conversation-analytic approach examining the pragmatic functions of the linguistic marker "first (off/of all)" in second-pair-part (i.e., responsive) position relative to questions. Using data from question-answer sequences in the 2015-2016 U.S. Presidential Republican primary debates, I propose six claims regarding the composition, position, and action of what is referred to as the practice of "First"-prefacing. Analysis reveals that "First"-prefacing projects the displacement of a response (conforming or non-conforming) to a question. In projecting the displacement of a response, "First"-prefacing does two things: (1) it projects that the unit(s) of talk to come immediately next will be something other than a response, and thus this "first" matter should not be heard as being designedly "responsive" to the question; and (2) it claims that a conditionally relevant response to the question is forthcoming after the "first" matter is resolved. Debaters largely used "First"-prefacing to temporarily "get out from under" a question's conditional relevancies in order to "reach back" beyond the question and perform actions more properly sequentially fitted to earlier portions of the debate (e.g., defend themselves, make additional comments, counter-criticize other debaters). The more general function of "First"-prefacing as a misplacement marker is discussed, and its existence in ordinary conversation is briefly demonstrated.
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Le, Pluart Simon. "RÄCKVIDDENS ROLL I REKLAMENS VÄRLD." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22242.
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Denna studie har haft som avsikt att undersöka begreppet räckvidds roll i en reklamkampanjprocess, samt i vilken utsträckning relationen till begreppen effekt och påverkan är relevanta för att nå denna förståelse. Det har tillämpats en begreppshistorisk analys för att kartlägga räckvidds historiska betydelser parallellt med effekt och påverkan. Därefter har kvalitativ empiri från intervjuer med aktörer från branschen studerats i ett sammanhang med syfte att nå en djupare förståelse för hur deras olika tolkningar av räckvidd har resulterat i dagens olika betydelser. Resultatet visar på begreppet räckvidds skilda innebörder som är beroende på situation och att det som aktör finns en viktig poäng i att vara medveten om dess skilda innebörder i olika sammanhang.The purpose of the following study is to investigate and analyze the significance of the concept of reach in advertising. Furthermore whether its relationship with effect and influence can contribute to further understanding of the concept. Firstly the concept of reach has been analyzed in a historical context. Together with the concepts of effect and influence, its historical meaning has been investigated and presented. Secondly, several interviews with actors in advertising have been conducted. The main purpose of the interviews has been to hear from those in the trade to understand what their views are of reach, and how they interpret its importance. The information gathered in the interviews shed light on how the advertising community has shaped the discourse of the subject. Additionally, the interviews have enabled an analysis of the evolution of today’s different meanings of the concept of reach. The results indicate that the different meanings of the concept of reach are dependent on the surrounding circumstances of advertisement. Furthermore, as a result it becomes evident that as an actor in the world of advertisement one can benefit from understanding its different interpretations.
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Pinion, Tyson L. "Factors That Influence Alumni Giving at Three Private Universities." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1471529964.
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Gold, Daniel. "Lobbying Regulation in Canada and the United States: Political Influence, Democratic Norms and Charter Rights." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40908.
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Lobbying should be strictly regulated – that is the major finding of this thesis. The thesis presents many reasons to enact stricter regulations. The principle one being that, as lightly regulated as it is, lobbying is corroding democracy in both Canada and the United States.
The thesis opens with a deep investigation of how lobbying works in both countries. There are examples taken from the literature, as well as original qualitative interviews of Canadian lobbyists, former politicians, and officials. Together, these make it clear that there is an intimate relationship between lobbying and campaign financing. The link between the two is sufficiently tight that lobbying and campaign financing should be considered mirrors of each other for the purposes of regulatory design and constitutional jurisprudence. They both have large impacts on government decision-making. Left lightly regulated, lobbying and campaign financing erode the processes of democracy, damage policy-making, and feed an inequality spiral into plutocracy. These have become major challenges of our time.
The thesis examines the lobbying regulations currently in place. It finds the regulatory systems of both countries wanting. Since stricter regulation is required to protect democracy and equality, the thesis considers what constitutional constraints, if any, would stand in the way. This, primarily, is a study of how proposed stronger lobbying regulations would interact with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s. 2 (free expression and association rights) and s. 3 (democratic rights). The principal findings are that legislation which restricted lobbying as proposed would probably be upheld by the Canadian court, but struck down by the American court, due to differences in their constitutional jurisprudence. The thesis contends that robust lobbying regulations would align with Canadian Charter values, provide benefits to democracy, improve government decision-making, increase equality, and create more room for citizen voices.
The thesis concludes with a set of proposed principles for lobbying reform and an evaluation of two specific reforms: limits on business lobbying and funding for citizen groups. Although the thesis focuses on Canadian and American lobbying regulations, its lessons are broadly applicable to any jurisdiction that is considering regulating lobbying.
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Drews, Ronald C. "Electoral manipulation and the influence of polling on politicians : a study of political organization in the Liberal Party of Canada up to the 1984 election campaign." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59613.
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This study examines the influence of polls and pollsters on politicians. The analysis reviews the American literature, which suggests that electoral technology is used by private political consultants to assist the politician in manipulating the voter. Six hypotheses are identified from the electoral manipulation literature, focusing specifically on the influence of political consultants on politicians. These hypotheses are tested with an historical analysis of the use of polls in the political organization of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1943 to 1984. Secondly, in-depth interviews were conducted with prominent Liberals, and are reviewed to further test the hypotheses as they relate to the influence of polling on politicians. The study concludes by examining the rise of electoral technocracy in the party, and by assessing the pollsters' influence on political decision-making.
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Petersson, Susanna, and Fahlman Marie. "När budskapet går in i hjärtat : En receptionsstudie av bilder från organdonationskampanjer." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-25819.
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Syftet med studien är att utföra en receptionsstudie där fem stycken kampanjbilder från utländska organdonationsorganisationer studeras från ett mottagarperspektiv, i den här studien syftar det till en svensk målgrupp. Studien är uppdelad i två huvudmoment, en semiotisk bildanalys och fokusgruppsintervjuer. Med hjälp av dessa insamlingsmetoder besvaras studiens frågeställningar”Hur är de utvalda kampanjbilderna komponerade ur ett semiotiskt perspektiv?” samt ”Hur uppfattas de utvalda bilderna av en svensk målgrupp?”. Socialpsykologi utgör det teoretiska ramverket i studien och används för att nå en högre förklaringskraft i analysdiskussionen. Den semiotiska bildanalysen genomförs med de semiotiska begreppen konnotation, denotation, ikon, index och symbol. Fokusgruppsintervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av McGuires påverkansmodell och kompletteras med en relevansformel, omnämnd av Bo Bergström. Studiens resultat visar att den sociala kontexten har en stor inverkan på hur kampanjbilden mottages av den svenska målgruppen. Resultatet visar att det är av stor vikt att text och bild samspelar för att budskapet ska kommuniceras till mottagaren, annars finns en risk att budskapet inte uppnår den relevans som krävs för att bilden ska ha effekt.The aim of this study is to examine five campaign images from foreign organ donation organizations studied from a user’s perspective, in this study it refers to the Swedish audience. The study is a perception analysis that is viewed from a receiver’s point of view. It is divided into two main parts, a semiotic analysis and interviews with focus groups. Using these methods the questions of the study "How are the selected campaign images composed from a semiotic perspective?" and "How is the selected images of a Swedish audience?" were answered. Social Psychology is the theoretical framework used to achieve a higher explanatory power in analysing the discussion. The semiotic image analysis is based on the semiotic concepts of connotation, denotation, icon, index and symbol. The focus group interviews were analysed by McGuire ́s model of influence and were supplemented by the formula of relevance, mentioned by Bo Bergström. Our findings suggested that the social context has a large impact on how the images are being interpreted by the Swedish audience. The result shows that it is of great importance that text and visual image are integrated for the message to be communicated to the receiver, otherwise there is a risk that the message does not reach the relevance required for the image to be effective.
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Walker, Lorna. "What factors influence whether politicians' tweets are retweeted? : using CHAID to build an explanatory model of the retweeting of politicians' tweets during the 2015 UK General Election campaign." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11156.
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Twitter is ever-present in British political life and many politicians use it as part of their campaign strategies. However, little is known about whether their tweets engage people, for example by being retweeted. This research addresses that gap, examining tweets sent by MPs during the 2015 UK General Election campaign to identify which were retweeted and why.
A conceptual model proposes three factors which are most likely to influence retweets: the characteristics of (1) the tweet’s sender, (2) the tweet and (3) its recipients. This research focuses on the first two of these. Content and sentiment analysis are used to develop a typology of the politicians’ tweets, followed by CHAID analysis to identify the factors that best predict which tweets are retweeted.
The research shows that the characteristics of tweet and its sender do influence whether the tweet is retweeted. Of the sender’s characteristics, number of followers is the most important – more followers leads to more retweets. Of the tweet characteristics, the tweet’s sentiment is the most influential. Negative tweets are retweeted more than positive or neutral tweets. Tweets attacking opponents or using fear appeals are also highly likely to be retweeted.
The research makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating how CHAID models can be used to accurately predict retweets. This method has not been used to predict retweets before and has broad application to other contexts. The research also contributes to our understanding of how politicians and the public interact on Twitter, an area little studied to date, and proposes some practical recommendations regarding how MPs can improve the effectiveness of their Twitter campaigning. The finding that negative tweets are more likely to be retweeted also contributes to the ongoing debate regarding whether people are more likely to pass on positive or negative information online.
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Peoples, Clayton D. "Power and class conflict in capitalist democracy business contributions, labor contributions, and two decades of legislative influence in the U.S. /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116602044.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 124 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-124). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Gardner, Kasey Christopher. "Ideology in California : the role of oppositional interaction as a strategy in the campaign for Proposition 8." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/718.
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This thesis analyzes the ideologies present the campaign rhetoric surrounding the 2008 California legislative initiative Proposition·8. Using Foss' method of ideological criticism the campaign is read prior after the opposition response to determine if an ideological shift occurs. The study is framed to identify this shift as a potential product of oppositional interaction, a characteristic of rhetoric defined by Smith and Windes.
The study concludes that the shift in ideology during the campaign by the supporters of Proposition 8 was a significant development. The response from the Proposition 8 campaign reframed the debate, making the electorate vulnerable to a different ideology. This new ideology places the state education apparatus, not the courts, in the spotlight as the state mechanism that is in dispute in the marriage controversy. When placed in .this context, theories of political economy are employed to explain how the electorate may have interpreted these arguments.
One. explanation offered is that the response ideology of the Proposition 8 campaign allowed voters to vote to outlaw gay marriages as a proactive response to a mistrust of education. The discussion section indicates that this could be an adjustment to existing ideologies, or development of an issues specific ideology that is only relevant for one issue in the mind of the individual. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the utility of ideology as a method to analyze political rhetoric and examines the role that oppositional interaction plays in the long-term development of public dialectic.
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VerHage, Alicia. "Transnational civil society's ability to successfully influence state actors on human rights issues through international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) : a case study of the coalition to stop the use of child soldiers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1682/.
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Mesnards, Nicolas Guenon des. "Identifying and assessing coordinated influence campaigns on social networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122385.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 82-90).
Social networks have given us the ability to spread messages and influence large populations very easily. Malicious actors can take advantage of social networks to manipulate opinions using artificial accounts, or bots. It is suspected that the 2016 U.S. presidential election was the victim of such social network interference, potentially by foreign actors. Foreign influence bots are also suspected of having attacked European elections. The bots main action was the sharing of politically polarized content in an effort to shift opinions. In this work we present a method to identify coordinated influence campaigns, and quantify the impact of bots on the opinions of users in a social network. First, we provide evidence that modern bots in the social network Twitter coordinate their attacks. They do not create original content, but rather amplify certain human users by disproportionately retweeting them. We design a new algorithm for bot detection, and utilize the Ising model from statistical physics to model the network structure and bot labels. Then, we leverage a model for opinion dynamics in a social network, which we validate by showing that the user opinions predicted by the model align with the opinions of these users' based on their social media posts. Finally, we use the opinion model to calculate how the opinions shift when we remove the bots from the network. Our high level finding is that a small number of bots can have a disproportionate impact on the network opinions.
by Nicolas Guenon des Mesnards
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center
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Provaznik, Daniel Wade II. "Mitigating foreign social media influence campaigns in U.S. elections." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129126.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-117).
The 2016 U.S. presidential campaign was rife with scandal, the greatest of which the Department of Justice exposed in detail in a 2018 indictment that charged a shadowy Russian organization known as the Internet Research Agency (IRA) with organizing thousands of fictitious individuals and organizations across virtually every social media platform to manipulate the beliefs of real American voters. The goal of this manipulation was to elect then-candidate Donald J. Trump as the 45th President of the United States. This thesis performs a deep dive analysis into the IRA's influence campaign on one social media platform: Twitter, and identifies worrying trends in account creation, tweet volume, and tweet content that indicate growing investment into IRA operations. This marked expansion of Twitter activity likely signals growing Kremlin enthusiasm behind social media propaganda and confidence in its ability to affect the beliefs of American citizens. This data analysis and a full review of the public and private policy landscapes before and after the reveal of IRA operations aims to inform the next round of proposed election security legislation following the 2020 U.S elections. I conclude by calling upon the upcoming 117th Congress to take immediate action and fulfill its duty to protect the integrity of U.S. democratic institutions in light of Russia's past attempted interference and chilling reports that the Kremlin has learned from its past mistakes and continues to refine the art of laundering fabricated narratives to undermine democracies around the world.
by Daniel Wade Provaznik, II.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program
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Foster, Kelsey Elizabeth. "On Target? A Modified Grounded Theory Approach to Target's Blogger-aligned #NOFOMO Swimwear Campaign." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77579.
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A modified grounded theory approach was used to analyze the 2016 Target #NOFOMO swimwear campaign in which Target partnered with top bloggers and social media influencers to promote their inclusive swimwear line. Public and public prioritization as well as message themes, message styles, and message consistency were analyzed in research questions one A through F. Relationship management theory emphasizes that the organization-public relationship is key to organizational success. Constructs of trust, openness, and transparency are important measures of this organization-public relationship. Thus, research question two analyzed the frequencies of these constructs in public commentary on Target and blogger related content. Findings indicate that there was overall campaign consistency in both message themes and message styles across Target, the bloggers, and their publics. Moreover, the campaign prioritized the social media platform Instagram and, in doing so, created an intentional online social community of strategic publics that helped facilitate trust between Target, the bloggers, and their publics. Trust was the most frequently used construct of relationship management theory in public commentary, transparency seemed to be assumed in trust, despite the low frequency findings. Target mainly prioritized small-bodied white models/bloggers despite the campaign's inclusive messages and the greater opportunities for public interaction when medium- and large-bodied, non-white models/bloggers were featured. Finally, campaign disclosure and disclosure placement by Target partners were inconsistent across social media platforms which remains troubling in light of FTC requirements and Word of Mouth Marketing Association (WOMMA) Code of Ethics guidelines.Master of Arts
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Brummer, Kevin Clarence. "School bond elections in Iowa : an analysis of factors, strategies, and policies that influence outcomes /." Des Moines, Ia : Drake University, 1997. http://0-www.umi.com.garfield.ulv.edu/pqdweb?did=727692861&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11819&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Seblova, Dominika. "Influenza Vaccination in Persons With and Without Targeted Medical Conditions : A population-based study of the 2009/2010 influenza season in Stockholm County." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110736.
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Liu, Yung-I. "The Influence of Communication Context on Political Cognition in Presidential Campaigns: A Geospatial Analysis." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211994930.
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Even, M. "The evolution of political television in Britain and its influence on election campaigns 1950-1970." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375887.
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Tauchenová, Kateřina. "Fenomén youtuberů a jejich využití v marketingu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205064.
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This master´s thesis is called The Phenomenon of Youtubers and their Utilisation in Marketing. It presents Youtubers as idols of today´s young people and introduces options of utilization of their power for marketing purposes. The first chapter introduces the reader to the general matters of online marketing and offers basic knowledge about this area. The second chapter is dedicated to social networks and their utilisation in marketing field. The third chapter introduces the topic YouTube. It explains the term Youtuber and presents the types of videos mostly published by them. The last chapter is dedicated to the concrete examples of marketing activities which were realised within the Czech market. The main part of this chapter is three case studies which analyse three concrete marketing campaigns realised in cooperation with Youtubers. The goal of this thesis is to offer an integrated overview of the phenomenon of Youtubers and the mechanism of their commercial cooperation with brands and also to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaigns involving Youtubers in comparison with campaigns which use the traditional online marketing tools.
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Knights, Michael Andrew. "Bombing Iraq : influence and decision making in the targeting, phasing and weaponeering of modern air campaigns." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bombing-iraq--influence-and-decision-making-in-the-targeting-phasing-and-weaponeering-of-modern-air-campaigns(d5cfa852-5531-4515-b768-80de6054f1fe).html.
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Moulène, Frédéric. "Les électeurs face à la thématique de la "rupture" dans la campagne présidentielle française de 2007 : loyauté ou résistance ? : une contribution sociologique à l'étude de la performance des discours politiques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1091.
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Il nous a paru pertinent d'explorer la manière dont les individus en âge de voter ont pu percevoir la thématique de la "rupture" qui a rythmé la campagne présidentielle de 2007. Nous avons intérrogé 33 personnes après avoir épluché pus de 229 discours et conférences de presse : le protocole a consisté à confronter les interviewés aux discours des candidats. A côté d'un appareil conceptuel et méthodologique pluridisciplinaire, nous avons appréhendé notre matériau au prisme de trois "paradigmes" : celui de l'imprégnation (V. Klemperer), de l'innovation (G. Orwell) et de l'enfermement (H. Marcuse). Au terme de notre travail d'analyse, nous avons pu dégager une typologie de profils discursifs en réinvestissant le modèle concernant la défection et la prise de parole d'A. Hirchman. Si les explications en termes de capital culturel (P. Bourdieu) et de sens caché (D. Gaxie) se révèlent souvent opératoires, il semble aussi qu'elles ne suffisent pas toujours à éclairer l'influence différentielle du discours politique sur les citoyens. Plusieurs de nos entretiens vont ainsi dans le sens des réflexions faisant état d'une plus grande perméabilité des individus les plus instruits ou favorablement situés dans la hiérarchie socilae (W. Labov, N. Chomsky). En outre, les plus "fidèles" à la "rupture" sont également les plus captifs à l'égard du vocable et des structures logico-argumentatives qui lui sont liés même si les éléments les plus techniques rencontrent selon toute vraisemblance des difficultés à se diffuser dans le sens communThe main issue of this study is to explore how the adults citizen understood the theme of "rupture" ("Breakdown") that marked the french presidential campaign. 33 people have been interviewed and over 229 political speeches analysed in order to confront the leaders and the volunteers' speeches. Based on a multidiciplinary model taking its concepts from V. Klemperer (permeation), G. Orwell (Newspeak), H. Marcuse (closing), but also A. Hirschman (exit/voice/loyalty), this study aims at trying to enlighten the typology of speeches. The models of cultural capital (P. Bourdieu) and hidden census (D. Gaxie) are useful to analyse our data, but theyy cannot be considered sufficient to explain all of them, even more so when we consider that political speeches have a selective influence upon people's thoughts and behaviour. Many of the interviews carried out may show that permeation effects sometimes have a stronger impact on the upper classes and educated people (W. Labov, N. Chomsky). Moreover, most of the individuals who have accepted the discourse about "rupture" seem to be more swayed by the vocabulary and argumentative structures linked to the theme, even though it generally does not seem easy at all to manage to spread the most technical words
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Waïtzenegger, Florence. "Femmes entre ville et campagne influences et contraintes aux changements sanitaires (Niakhar, Sénégal) /." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ80482.
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Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2003."NQ-80482." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) en démographie." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
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Bissdorf, Julia. "Success Factors of the Product Relaunch : The Influence of the Advertising Strategy on the Success of Product Relaunch Campaigns." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31814.
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Introduction: The product relaunch, in terms of the recycling of an existing product lifecycle, is a common marketing tool within the consumer goods industry. Cases like the reintroductionof Mondelēz Oreo cookie and the promotion of the facelift of the PorscheCayenne are examples how relaunch campaigns can successfully introduce existingproducts in a modified version and increase their sales and brand recall drastically.Advantages like lower flop risks, and lower research and development costs make thisalternative quite attractive when it comes to the decision between the introduction ofinnovations and revitalization of existing products.Method: In order to identify promising advertisement strategies, four potential successfactors has been stated, based on existing marketing communication models: media usage,message credibility, message appeal and scheduling pattern. Related to them, a survey wasconducted which asked the respondents to choose the applied alternatives within the fourdecision areas and indicate to which extent the set success goals were achieved. The surveycould give hints, which strategy alternatives are associated with the achievement of thecampaigns goals by using the correlation analysis. Furthermore, the frequency distributionwas used to identify handling patterns in practice.Results: The results of the survey, which was executed as self-completing questionnaire,revealed that two of the assumed success factors, namely media strategy and credibilitysource, indeed show a correlation to the perceived achievement of success goals. For thethird aspect, the decision about the message appeal, a clear usage pattern could beidentified in the non-durable goods industry. Finally, the two advertisement schedulingpatterns showed no correlation to the perceived success and there was also no preferredalternative identifiable in the durable and non-durable goods industry.Implications: Based on the study results it is to summarize that the usage of TV and onlineadvertisement, as well as POS material appears particularly appropriate for the durablegoods industry, whereas the application of Magazine advertisement showed a positiverelation to the perceived success of relaunch campaigns for non-durable goods. Regardingthe creation of awareness and trustworthiness, the link to the brand and or manufacturername seems more promising than the one to the previous product version, particularly forthe durable goods industry. Finally, the application of an emotional argumentation wasused by 80% of the non-durable goods firms, whereas the relaunch of durable goods wasequally communicated with emotional and informational messages.
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Michel, David. "All Negative on the Western Front: Analyzing the Sentiment of the Russian News Coverage of Sweden with Generic and Domain-Specific Multinomial Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines Classifiers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447398.
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This thesis explores to what extent Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers can be used to determine the polarity of news, specifically the news coverage of Sweden by the Russian state-funded news outlets RT and Sputnik. Three experiments are conducted. In the first experiment, an MNB and an SVM classifier are trained with the Large Movie Review Dataset (Maas et al., 2011) with a varying number of samples to determine how training data size affects classifier performance. In the second experiment, the classifiers are trained with 300 positive, negative, and neutral news articles (Agarwal et al., 2019) and tested on 95 RT and Sputnik news articles about Sweden (Bengtsson, 2019) to determine if the domain specificity of the training data outweighs its limited size. In the third experiment, the movie-trained classifiers are put up against the domain-specific classifiers to determine if well-trained classifiers from another domain perform better than relatively untrained, domain-specific classifiers. Four different types of feature sets (unigrams, unigrams without stop words removal, bigrams, trigrams) were used in the experiments. Some of the model parameters (TF-IDF vs. feature count and SVM’s C parameter) were optimized with 10-fold cross-validation. Other than the superior performance of SVM, the results highlight the need for comprehensive and domain-specific training data when conducting machine learning tasks, as well as the benefits of feature engineering, and to a limited extent, the removal of stop words. Interestingly, the classifiers performed the best on the negative news articles, which made up most of the test set (and possibly of Russian news coverage of Sweden in general).
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Harben, Beth Kwon Wi-Suk Forsythe Sandra Monk. "Predicting consumers' cause-brand alliance attitude and purchase intention the influence of cause involvement, message source, perceived motivations, and cause-brand fit /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1890.
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Haussamen, Lindsey Marie. "United States media portrayals of the developing world: A semiotic analysis of the One campaign's internet web site." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3387.
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The goal of this research was to examine how the One organization's web site either supports or rejects established literature that concludes that U.S. media contains negative representations of the developing world.
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Sjöstedt, Linnea. "Hade hon blivit en mäktig influencer? En fallstudie av Arbetsförmedlingens kampanj Gör plats." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167160.
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I september 2019 valde Arbetsförmedlingen att samarbeta med framgångsrika personer i reklamkampanjen Gör plats. Kampanjen bestod av fem bilder där frågan ställdes om de framgångsrika personerna hade nått lika stor framgång om de haft en funktionsnedsättning. En av bilderna föreställde Therese Lindgren och Natalie Eriksson vilken var en bild som fick stor kritik. Studien syftar till att göra en medieanalys av kampanjen för att undersöka hur kritiken kring kampanjen såg ut samt hanterades av Arbetsförmedlingen. Därtill undersöker även studien hur de båda medverkande beskrev sin uppfattning av kampanjen i sociala medier. Studien visar att de teman som kritiken främst handlar om kan delas in i fyra kategorier: att tillräcklig information inte getts, fotograferingen, modellerna på bilderna samt kampanjbildens text. Arbetsförmedlingen hanterade kritiken på flera sätt däribland genom att svara på frågor som ställdes. Det värsta med bilden är enligt Natalie Eriksson texten som hon inte var medveten om skulle vara med. Therese Lindgren ansåg till en början att kampanjen lyfte en viktig fråga och försvarar den men väljer efter ytterligare kritik att be om ursäkt.In September 2019, the Swedish Public Employment Service chose to cooperate with successful people in the advertising campaign Gör plats (eng. Make room). The campaign consisted of five pictures questioning if these successful people would have become equally successful if they had had a disability. One of the pictures presented Therese Lindgren and Natalie Eriksson, which was a picture that received the largest criticism. The study aims to conduct a media analysis of the campaign to examine what the criticism of the campaign looked like and how the Swedish Public Employment Service handled the criticism. In addition to this, the study also examines how the participants described their perception of the campaign in social media. Case study is used as a method in the study where material has been collected via triangulation and has been analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. The collected material has been analyzed in relation to the theories: media and convergence, influencer, influencer marketing, social responsibility, and context. The study shows that the themes which the criticism is mainly about can be divided into four categories: that sufficient information has not been given, the photography session, the models of the pictures, and the text of the campaign picture. The Swedish Public Employment Service handled the criticism in several ways, amongst this by answering the questions that were asked. Another way in which the criticism was handled was by apologizing to the participants. Natalie Eriksson’s perception of the campaign describes that models with CP are vulnerable, and she felt that the photographer did everything to aggravate her CP during the photography session. According to Natalie Eriksson, the worst part of the picture is the text, which she was not aware would be included. At first, Therese Lindgren thought that the campaign raised an important issue, and she defended the campaign. After further criticism, she chose to educate herself in multiple questions and she is sorry that the pictures have caused harm. The intentions where good but the result was the opposite and according to Therese Lindgren, the campaign should never have been made.
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Putrenko, Alex, and Philip Oppor. "Framing Within Tech Crowdfunding Campaigns : How does the use of different cognitive framing categories influence the crowdfunding success of technology startups?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388724.
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This study explores the relationship between the use of framing within crowdfundingcampaigns of technology startup companies and the funding outcomes of these campaigns.We examine how the presence of cognitive framing categories of opportunity, threat, noveltyand commonality within crowdfunding pitches of technology startups affect the chance ofsuccessfully receiving funding. In order to examine the effect of framing on the funding outcomes of crowdfundingcampaigns, a qualitative, explorative research approach is employed. With the use of anexisting framing framework, we identify, categorize and analyze the content of crowdfundingcampaigns. The data sample we analyze is comprised of publicly available technologycompany crowdfunding campaigns collected from Kickstarter, a crowdfunding platform. The results suggest that the presence of novelty and opportunity framing withincrowdfunding campaigns is most closely associated with successful funding. We alsodiscover that several other campaign components, both prose and non-prose, which did notconform into the framing cognitive categories outlined, may also be important for thesuccessful funding of campaigns.
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Erdmann, Katrin. "So help me God the influence of the religious right on the campaigning of George W. Bush /." Hamburg : Lit, 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=CPWHAAAAMAAJ.
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Geidner, Nicholas W. "The influence of new media on the early stages of the 2008 presidential election : a critical analysis." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1365513.
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The Internet is rapidly becoming an important part of a presidential candidate's media strategy. Specifically, a candidate's website has distinct implications and uses in the early stages of a presidential campaign. Using an eclectic approach, this research examines the campaign websites of the candidates for the U.S. Presidency in 2008. By examining the websites using content analysis, analog criticism, media criticism, and scenario analysis emerging trends become apparent and conclusions on their further implications can be drawn. This research presents two major conclusions on the affects of campaign websites on the early stages of a presidential campaign. First, the design structure and features available on the Internet could be used to give the user a feeling of direct connection with the campaign, which in turn could motivate political involvement. Second, a candidate's new media strategy and usage must match with the overarching rhetorical style of the rest of the campaign. These two major concepts serve as starting points for further academic research and a greater understanding of our changing democratic system.Department of Telecommunications
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Cantú, Villarreal Melissa Valeria, and Ana Vasiljević. "The Effects of Framing on Crowdfunding Success : How do message framing elements in a campaign’s video pitch influence funding success?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447717.
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Crowdfunding allows entrepreneurs and start-ups to raise capital through the use of online platforms as an alternative from traditional funding. During the process of launching a campaign, entrepreneurs are faced with multiple decisions regarding the content to upload. Among these, founders must decide the message framing to use in the campaign’s video pitch, which may influence the backers’ decision to fund a project. Drawing on a dataset of 70 projects from the technology category on Kickstarter, this research offers insights into the effect that message framing has on a campaign's funding success. In particular, emotional versus rational language is explored, as well as the type of project portrayal through a prototype and venture legitimation by providing team information. The findings suggest that the use of dominantly rational language in the video pitch increases odds of funding success. However, the portrayal of the project and venture legitimation were not found to increase funding success likelihood. The results discussed in this research may benefit entrepreneurs by shedding light into the effects that different message framings have on the funding achieved and thus providing some guidance for the choices to be made regarding the video pitch in a campaign.
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Proulx-Lauzon, Marie-Pier. "Les facteurs qui influencent l'utilisation de Twitter dans un contexte politique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5341.
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De plus en plus, des gens utilisent les sites de réseaux sociaux pour partager du contenu politique ou émettre leurs opinions à ce sujet principalement lors des campagnes électorales. L’objectif principal du mémoire est d’identifier les facteurs qui ont influencé les individus à émettre des commentaires politiques ou à partager du contenu politique par l’intermédiaire du réseau social Twitter lors de la campagne de 2012 au Québec.
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Makanjuola, Olayinka. "Global Public Relations and Multinational Corporations: The Influence of Culture on Public’s Reactions to H&M, Dove, and Nivea’s Media Campaigns in the United States and Nigeria." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3709.
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This study examined the significant impact of culture on global public relations practices using a case study analysis of Dove, H&M, and Nivea’s media campaigns between 2017 and 2019. The analysis was carried out through a structural comparison between the public’s reaction from the United States and Nigeria. Cultural variations between the two countries were examined, and how the variations impact GPR practices were explored. Social judgment theory, apologia, and image restoration theory were used as the theoretical frameworks alongside Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. This study demonstrates that understanding cultural dimensions as it applies to diverse countries operating in the global market can reveal how organizations can design and implement effective public relations practices across borders regardless of the existing cultural differences, which pose as a challenge.
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Rossi, Vincent. "Influence des processus physiques à mésoéchelle sur l'écosystème planctonique : application aux zones d'Upwelling de Bord Est." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504979.
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Les objectifs multiples étaient centrés autour d'une thématique générale : l'influence des processus physiques à mésoéchelle sur l'écosystème planctonique dans les upwellings côtiers. L'utilisation d'outils variés était nécessaire pour aborder les nombreux mécanismes impliqués. La variabilité physique et biogéochimique de l'upwelling de la péninsule Ibérique est d'abord étudiée à partir des données in-situ de la campagne MOUTON 2007. Ensuite, un front secondaire d'upwelling au niveau de la marge continentale a été observé dans ces données, puis expliqué grâce à un modèle numérique en 2D. Enfin, des données satellites et un outil lagrangien nous permettent de comparer le mélange horizontal de l'océan de surface des quatre zones d'upwelling de bord Est, en lien avec l'activité biologique. Nous mettons en évidence une relation négative entre la turbulence à mésoéchelle et les concentrations de chlorophylle. De par la diversité des approches, des progrès ont été faits sur la compréhension des effets des processus physiques à mésoéchelle sur les écosystèmes marins.
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Fumenia, Alain. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la biomasse organique particulaire synthétisée dans une région océanique fortement influencée par la fixation de diazote atmosphérique (campagne océanographique OUTPACE dans le Pacifique tropical sud-ouest)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0173.
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Dans le Pacifique tropical sud-ouest (WTSP), la dynamique de la matière organique particulaire (MOP) est contrôlée par deux systèmes planctoniques à priori distincts. Dans la couche de mélange, la MOP produite présente un excès d’azote par rapport à la valeur attendue par la stœchiométrie de Redfield, avec un rapport N:P de 19±2. Nos résultats démontrent que l’intense fixation biologique de diazote (N2) mesurée dans cette région est la principale source d’azote nouveau capable de soutenir la production de MOP enrichie en N.Des relations statistiquement significatives ont été observées entre les valeurs de bbp et de NOP (POP) (R²=0.87 et 0.91, respectivement), permettant de définir des proxys optiques (PONopt et POPopt) de la biomasse organique particulaire. Sur toute la période d’étude (3 années), des augmentations significatives de PONopt sont observées uniquement dans l’Archipel Mélanésien et en période stratifiée. Cette production de biomasse autotrophe (et de particules associées) est soutenue que par l’apport d’azote via le processus de fixation de N2.À proximité du fond de la couche euphotique (Z01), dans les eaux de subsurface faiblement éclairées mais suffisamment riches en éléments nutritifs, un maximum de chlorophylle-a (Chla) de subsurface (SCML) est associé en permanence à un maximum de biomasse organique particulaire. Les résultats montrent qu’une production communautaire nette relativement faible mais positive (0.08 ± 0.01 mmol m-3 j-1 en moyenne) dans les couches faiblement éclairées entre Z01 et la profondeur à laquelle le PAR est réduit à 0.1% de sa valeur de surface (Z001)In the Western Tropical South Pacific (WTSP), the dynamics of the particulate organic matter (POM) derives from two distinct planktonic systems in this oligotrophic region.In the mixed layer, the POM presents an excess of nitrogen with respect to the Redfield stoichiometry, with a N:P ratio of 19 ± 2. In this study, the high rates of biological dinitrogen fixation (N2) measured in this region has been pointed as the main source of new nitrogen, supporting the N-enriched POM production.Statistically significant relationships between bbp and PON (and POP) concentrations were established (R² = 0.87 and 0.91, respectively), allowing to define, for the first time, optical proxies (PONopt and POPopt) of particulate organic biomass. During the stratified periods of the studied period (3 years), significant increases in PONopt are observed only in the Melanesian Archipelago. These recurrent increases of PON concentrations in this area can only be supported by nitrogen input via the N2 fixation process.In the vicinity of the euphotic depth (Z01), a Subsurface Maximum of Chlorophyll-a (Chla) Layer (SCML) is permanently associated with a maximum of particulate organic biomass. By using O2 data collected by the float FA on a seasonal time scale, the calculated Net Community Production (0.08 ± 0.01 mmol m-3 d-1 on average) exhibited a low but positive value within the SCML, in the dimly lit layers between Z01 and the depth in which the measured PAR is reduced to 0.1% of its surface value (Z001)
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Afkir, Fatima. "L'image de l’Égypte dans l’oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30059/document.
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Si on contemple l’abondante production du dramaturge, on réalise à quel point l’Égypte est omniprésente dans ses écrits et dans sa vie. Elle couronne l’ensemble de son oeuvre littéraire qui met en lumière chacun des différents aspects de ce pays : social, historique, culturel et politique. Cependant, dans cette étude, nous allons essayer de limiter notre sujet de l’Image de l’Égypte dans l’oeuvre de T. al-Ḥakīm à deux époques celle de la révolution de 1919, et celle de 1952. Ses écrits retracent clairement ces deux évènements importants. Sa façon de penser, d’écrire, de critiquer et d’analyser avant et après la révolution de 1919 n’est plus la même après la révolution de 1952. D’un écrivain rêveur, idéaliste, il en devient un autre plus réaliste et engagé littérairement. Notre problématique globale s’articulera autour des questions suivantes : quelle représentation l’oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm donne-t-elle de l’Égypte ? Peut-on considérer son retour aux mythes anciens comme une continuité entre l’Égypte moderne etl’Égypte ancienne ? Dans une première partie nous traitons les deux révolutions qui ont eu des répercussions sur ses écrits et sa vision politique. La deuxième partie, abordera la société de son roman ‛Awdat al-rūḥ, (l’Âme retrouvée), 1933, dans lequel il décrit une Égypte vue par un égyptien de souche et les liens forts qui unissent ce peuple à sa nation. La troisième partie sera réservée à la femme et au fallāḥ qui ont énormément inspiré l’écrivain. La quatrième partie sera consacrée à l’Égypte pharaonique. On va voir comment il a pu être influencé par l’Égypte ancienne pour décrire l’Égypte moderne. Nous nous appuyons aussi sur plusieurs lectures de différents auteurs afin de trouver une authenticité entre ce qu’il écrit et ce qu’il pense, entre la réalité et l’imagination dans ces oeuvres. Nous analyserons comment il voit, observe et critique son pays natalIf we contemplate the playwright's rich production, we realise to what extent Egypt plays a prominent part in his work and life. It is the crowning achievement of his literary work which highlights all the aspects of this country, social, historical, cultural and political However, in this study, we will try to limit our subject of The image of Egypt in T.al-Hakim's work to two particular eras, the revolutions of 1919 and 1952. His writings clearly relate those major events. The way he thinks, writes, criticizes and analyses before and after the 1919 revolution is no longer the same after the 1952 revolution. He started being a dreamy idealistic writer, and turned into another one, more realistic and committed in his literary work. Our global problematics will hinge on the following issues: what representation of Egypt does Tawfiq al-Hakim's work give? Can we regard his return to ancient myths as a continuity between modern Egypt and ancient Egypt? In a first part, we deal with the two revolutions which have had repercussions on his writings and political vision. The second part will tackle the society of his novel, in which he describes a country seen through a native Egyptian, and the strong ties which link the Egyptian people to their nation. The third part will focus on women and on the fallah, which greatly inspired the writer. The fourth part will be dedicated to the Pharaonic Egypt. We will see how far he has been influenced by ancient Egypt to descibe the modern one. We have relied on a few works of different writers so as to find an authentic link between what he writes and thinks reality and imagination in his works. We will analyse the way he sees, observes and criticizes his own country
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Houska, Jeremy Ashton. "Front-runners and newcomers: The dynamics of momentum in electoral politics as explained by cue competition." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2898.
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Conditioning theory and research have contributed substantially to a more complete understanding of a variety of social processes including attitude formation, consumer behavior, and interpersonal attraction. The goal of this thesis was to illuminate further another frequently investigated social process, voting behavior.
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Nüsslein, Antonin. "Les campagnes entre Moselle et Rhin dans l'Antiquité : analyse comparative des dynamiques spatiales et temporelles du peuplement de quatre micro-régions du I er s. avant J-C. au V e s. après J-C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG020.
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Pendant l’Antiquité, l’espace compris entre la Moselle et le Rhin est une zone où se déroulent de nombreux événements historiques qui modifient successivement son organisation administrative et politique. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier, à partir d’une approche spatiale, modélisatrice et comparative, l’évolution du peuplement de quatre micro-régions au sein de ce vaste espace du Ier s. av. J.-C. au Ve s. ap. J.-C. Dans ces cadres sont étudiés successivement, la forme et la dynamique des habitats, la structuration des espaces qu’ils produisent et enfin, les modalités d’implantation. Les résultats mettent en évidence la diversité des types d’habitats, des configurations spatiales et des dynamiques. Les campagnes ne sont pas uniformes et les mécanismes qui influencent la formation et la trajectoire des différents types de profils perçus sont complexes. Ils dépendent autant de facteurs locaux que de phénomènes historiques globaux. Les différentes situations décrites permettent aussi de constater que les campagnes suivent des processus d’évolutions longs qui ne débutent ou qui ne s’achèvent pas aux limites des périodes historiques définiesDuring the Antiquity, the space between the Moselle and the Rhine is an area in which many historical events occured. Those events successively changed its administrative and political organization. This dissertation aims to study, through spatial, model, and comparative approaches, the evolution of the settlement of four micro-regions within a vast space between the I. c. BC to the V c. AD. In these frameworks, the shape and dynamics of the habitat, the structuring spaces they generate, and finally, the establishment choices of the settlements are consecutively studied. The results highlight the diversity of habitat types, spatial patterns and dynamics. The countrysides are not uniform and the mechanisms influencing the formation and the trajectory of the different types of perceived patterns are complex. They equally depend from many local factors and from the global historical phenomenon. The variety of cases described in this dissertation enables us to see that the countrysides are following several long evolution processes. The latter do not begin or finish on the borders of the defined historical periods
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Ming, Tseng Yu, and 曾郁明. "Drastic change and Impact:The influence of Socialistic to the lift-wing campaign in Taiwan(1920~1937)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88588176919140054605.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
政治學研究所
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During Japanese Ruling Period, Taiwan’s first Leftist party, Communist Party of Taiwan, was organized under the international climate of Socialism. This essay aims to discuss the significance and objective of the “independence of Taiwan,” which was emphasized in this Party’s guiding principles. In the first chapter, I will clarify the motive, objective and theoretical approach employed in my thesis, as well as the scope and limits within. A literature review apropos of this period of time will also be cited. In the second chapter, I will give a general introduction of Socialism in Japan’s society. Given the fact that Communist Party of Taiwan was led by Communist Party of Japan, it is not hard to tell Taiwan’s leftists have been under great influence of Japan’s political thoughts and activities. In the third chapter, I will discuss the origin of Taiwan’s Leftist thoughts and the development of Communist Party of Taiwan, along with Japan’s farmers' and labor’s movements resulted from economic repression in 1928. In this session, I will mention several key figures in Taiwan’s Leftist history, such as Lian Wen-qing, Hsieh Hsueh-hung, and Chiang Wei-shui. I will also try to discuss the possible factors that give rise to Chiang’s change in his political position. In the Chapter Four, I will elaborate on the development of Taiwan’s Leftist cultural activities, including anarchists’ promotion of new dramas, the resistance to “Imperial Subjects Literature," and the debate between old and new literature. In the fifth chapter, I will analyze the ideology of “Independence of Taiwan” stated in 1928’s “Guideline for Communist Party of Taiwan.” In what way may scholars from Japan, China, and Taiwan tend to interpret the meaning and connotation of”Taiwan Independence”? And how did the party members Su Shin and Hsieh Hsueh-hung make sense of the discourse of “Taiwan Independence” at that time? After making judgments on the spread of socialism in Taiwan’s political party, in my conclusion, I attend to discuss the real objective of Taiwan independence and its political significance. Shunning talking about political consciousness which is easily prejudiced, in my thesis, I will try to make a moderate argument supported by academic principles and historical truths. In fact, the ideal beliefs conveyed by Socialism will not be forgotten after time goes by. By reflecting Taiwan’s historical experiences during Japan’s colonialism, the research on Socialism and Leftist thoughts will prove to worth more attention and discussion.