Academic literature on the topic 'Inflorescences architecture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inflorescences architecture"
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Diniz, Suzana, Everton Tizo-Pedroso, Denise Lange, Andréa Andrade Vilela, Danielle G. Justino, Fernanda Alves Martins, Erika Germanos, Rafael Arruda, and Vanessa Stefani. "Might Heterostyly Underlie Spider Occurrence on Inflorescences? A Case Study ofPalicourea rigida(Rubiaceae), a Common Shrub from Brazilian Cerrado." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/791395.
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We carried out a research on thePalicourea rigida(Rubiaceae) inflorescences, a distylous shrub of Brazilian Cerrado. Our objective was to compare the inflorescence architectural complexity and its quality in the two floral morphs and search for any relationship with spider occurrence. In order to assess the quality of inflorescence resources, we quantified the nectar volume and its sugar concentration and the number of fruits and flowers (intact and aborted) for both inflorescence morphs with and without spiders. For the architectural heterogeneity, we quantified floral structures and inflorescence levels of branching. Spider occurrence was higher in longistylous inflorescences than in brevistylous ones. The sampled spiders were classified into the guilds ambushers, jumpers, or orb-weavers. Ambushers, jumpers, and total richness were much higher among longistylous inflorescences. We found no difference between morphs neither in volume or nectar concentration nor in amount of fruits and flowers. However, longistylous inflorescences presented greater architectural heterogeneity than brevistylous ones. Therefore, we suggested that architectural heterogeneity is an important factor underlying the occurrence of cursorial spiders onP. rigidainflorescences, which possibly arose from the relationship between refuge availability and inflorescence architecture.
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Kim, Da Eun, Jin-hee Jeong, Yu Mi Kang, Young-Hoon Park, Yong-Jae Lee, Jum-soon Kang, Young-Whan Choi, et al. "The Impact of Fasciation on Maize Inflorescence Architecture." Journal of Plant Biology 65, no. 2 (January 4, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12374-021-09342-1.
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AbstractHow functional genetics research can be applied to improving crop yields is a timely challenge. One of the most direct methods is to produce larger inflorescences with higher productivity, which should be accompanied by a balance between stem cell proliferation and lateral organ initiation in meristems. Unbalanced proliferation of stem cells causes the fasciated inflorescences, which reflect the abnormal proliferation of meristems, derived from the Latin word ‘fascis’, meaning ‘bundle’. Maize, a model system for grain crops, has shown tremendous yield improvements through the mysterious transformation of the female inflorescence during domestication. In this review, we focus on maize inflorescence architecture and highlight the patterns of fasciation, including recent progress.
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Li, Jin-Yu, Yan-Nan Li, Qiang Tu, and Zhi-Xiang Zhang. "Evolution of cyme architecture in Celastraceae." Phytotaxa 181, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.2.4.
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Celastraceae are characterized by a cymose pattern of inflorescence ramification. Under this basic pattern, many inflorescence forms have been described within the family, e.g., dichasium, monochasium, pleiochasium, botryoid, thyrsoid, fascicle. Thus, the question has arisen—how have these varieties evolved or transformed from one to another? Through morphogenetic observations using paraffin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and stereomicroscopy, we studied the architecture and developmental processes of the inflorescences of five species of Celastrus and Euonymus. We found in C. orbiculatus that the reduction of subtending leaves of the axillary dichasia on a developing flowering shoot made it become a terminal thyrsoid. A dichasium in the leaf axil as commonly seen in Euonymus is the most frequent type of inflorescence in Celastraceae. An analysis of character evolution suggested that a dichasium is the ancestral state for Celastraceae. Therefore, within Celeastaceae, an axillary dichasium may be the basic type or unit of inflorescences. Transitions from dichasium to thrysoid and other types of cymes, and even to solitary flowers might have occurred repeatedly in the family, probably a phenomenon of evolutionary convergence due to changing environmental conditions. The present study provided helpful information for understanding the evolution of the cymose type of inflorescence in flowering plants.
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Welty, N., C. Radovich, T. Meulia, and E. van der Knaap. "Inflorescence development in two tomato species." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 1 (January 2007): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-154.
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The inflorescence of tomato has been characterized as either a cyme or raceme. Cymose inflorescences are determinate, whereas racemose inflorescences are indeterminate. In this study, we addressed the discrepancy in inflorescence architecture by analyzing the morphology of a wild relative of tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium L. and four domesticated Solanum lycopersicum L. lines. Careful observation of developing inflorescences of both species showed a bifurcation of the meristem into a determinate floral and an indeterminate inflorescence meristem. Interestingly, higher fruit carpel number was associated with delayed floral development, which might give the impression of determinate growth in some of the lines. Nevertheless, our results demonstrated that tomato inflorescences are indeterminate in nature regardless of the line studied. Floral buds were formed concomitantly with the development of the inflorescence meristem and not on the flanks of the peduncle, a characteristic of racemose growth. Thus, tomato inflorescences should be classified as a cyme with the note that the inflorescence meristem does not terminate into a flower and, in fact, maintains indeterminacy. In addition, S. pimpinellifolium produced many more flowers in a highly regular manner when compared with the cultivated types. This demonstrated the usefulness of wild relatives of tomato as a tool to further understand flower and fruit development in this crop species.
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Kipp, Larry R. "The flight directionality of honeybees foraging on real and artificial inflorescences." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-091.
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An examination of the flight directionality, the change in direction between arrival and departure, of Apis mellifera (Apidae) workers foraging on artificial inflorescences and on inflorescences of Echinops sphaerocephalus L. (Compositae) is reported. Thirty-seven circular, artificial inflorescences, each with three feeding tubes separated by 120° located on the perimeter were used. At the beginning of each visit all tubes contained 2 ± 0.2 μL of 1.2 M sucrose solution. Bees locating the tubes would probe one or more of them, then depart to another artificial inflorescence and repeat the foraging sequence. Changes in flight directionality were generated during within-inflorescence locomotion and not after feeding had ceased. Directionalities of bees that circled a second time around these inflorescences were indistinguishable from bees departing the same locations prior to completing a single cycle. Hence, the directionality of bees visiting tubes in the sequence 1-2-3-1, 1-2-3-1-2, or 1-2-3-1-2-3 were indistinguishable from the directionality of bees visiting tubes in the sequence 1, 1-2, or 1-2-3, respectively. The direction faced by bees while probing the final tube or floret (last-faced direction) was most often the departure direction; thereafter, bees flew ahead to the nearest inflorescence. An energetic analysis of the artificial inflorescence study showed that directionality was independent of nectar uptake rates. The experiment using real inflorescences, some of which had been enriched with ca. 10 μL of 1.2 M sucrose solution, confirmed that directionality was generated during within-inflorescence locomotion and that the last-faced directon was the most frequent departure direction; furthermore, changes between the last-faced and departure directions were independent of nectar uptake. Evident in the search pattern of honeybees were the following: (i) a forward-moving tendency while on inflorescences, (ii) a departure decision, (iii) departure in the last-faced direction, and (iv) minimum deviation from the last-faced direction when flying directly to the next inflorescence. Although bees tend to move in a forward-facing direction during all movement phases, the floral architecture facilitates or induces turning. The extent of the turn is limited by the bees decision to depart. It is concluded that directionality is an epiphenomenon resulting from interactions among floral architecture, bee locomotion, floral nectar content, and the bee's departure decision. Memory of the arrival direction is not required.
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Zhong, Jinshun, G. Wilma van Esse, Xiaojing Bi, Tianyu Lan, Agatha Walla, Qing Sang, Rainer Franzen, and Maria von Korff. "INTERMEDIUM-M encodes an HvAP2L-H5 ortholog and is required for inflorescence indeterminacy and spikelet determinacy in barley." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (February 16, 2021): e2011779118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011779118.
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Inflorescence architecture dictates the number of flowers and, ultimately, seeds. The architectural discrepancies between two related cereals, barley and wheat, are controlled by differences in determinacy of inflorescence and spikelet meristems. Here, we characterize two allelic series of mutations named intermedium-m (int-m) and double seed1 (dub1) that convert barley indeterminate inflorescences into wheat-like determinate inflorescences bearing a multifloreted terminal spikelet and spikelets with additional florets. INT-M/DUB1 encodes an APETALA2-like transcription factor (HvAP2L-H5) that suppresses ectopic and precocious spikelet initiation signals and maintains meristem activity. HvAP2L-H5 inhibits the identity shift of an inflorescence meristem (IM) to a terminal spikelet meristem (TSM) in barley. Null mutations in AP2L-5 lead to fewer spikelets per inflorescence but extra florets per spikelet. In wheat, prolonged and elevated AP2L-A5 activity in rAP2L-A5 mutants delays but does not suppress the IM−TSM transition. We hypothesize that the regulation of AP2L-5 orthologs and downstream genes contributes to the different inflorescence determinacy in barley and wheat. We show that AP2L-5 proteins are evolutionarily conserved in grasses, promote IM activity, and restrict floret number per spikelet. This study provides insights into the regulation of spikelet and floret number, and hence grain yield in barley and wheat.
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Boss, Paul K., Lekha Sreekantan, and Mark R. Thomas. "A grapevine TFL1 homologue can delay flowering and alter floral development when overexpressed in heterologous species." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 1 (2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp05191.
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Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) have unusual plant architecture in that the shoot apical meristem produces both vegetative structures and primordia that are capable of forming inflorescences at regular intervals. These primordia are termed ‘uncommitted’ and differentiate into inflorescences or tendrils depending on the environment in which they are produced. To investigate the molecular relationship between tendrils and inflorescences and vine architecture, we cloned a TFL1 homologue from grapevine (VvTFL1). VvTFL1 is expressed in shoot apices early in latent bud development and in buds soon after bud burst. The grapevine homologue of LEAFY, VFL, is expressed at the same stages as VvTFL1 as well as in the later stages of inflorescence development. Neither VvTFL1 nor VFL were detected in tendrils. VvTFL1 was overexpressed in tobacco and Arabidopsis to confirm that it was functionally similar to TFL1 and not the close homologue FT. Flowering was delayed significantly in tobacco and Arabidopsis transformants overexpressing VvTFL1. However, an unexpected phenotype was observed in some of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines where the floral meristem became indeterminate and a new inflorescence would emerge from within the developing silique. Our findings suggest that VvTFL1 is a repressor of floral development. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to GenBank under the accession number AF378127 (VvTFL1).
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McSteen, Paula, and Sarah Hake. "barren inflorescence2 regulates axillary meristem development in the maize inflorescence." Development 128, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 2881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.15.2881.
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Organogenesis in plants is controlled by meristems. Shoot apical meristems form at the apex of the plant and produce leaf primordia on their flanks. Axillary meristems, which form in the axils of leaf primordia, give rise to branches and flowers and therefore play a critical role in plant architecture and reproduction. To understand how axillary meristems are initiated and maintained, we characterized the barren inflorescence2 mutant, which affects axillary meristems in the maize inflorescence. Scanning electron microscopy, histology and RNA in situ hybridization using knotted1 as a marker for meristematic tissue show that barren inflorescence2 mutants make fewer branches owing to a defect in branch meristem initiation. The construction of the double mutant between barren inflorescence2 and tasselsheath reveals that the function of barren inflorescence2 is specific to the formation of branch meristems rather than bract leaf primordia. Normal maize inflorescences sequentially produce three types of axillary meristem: branch meristem, spikelet meristem and floral meristem. Introgression of the barren inflorescence2 mutant into genetic backgrounds in which the phenotype was weaker illustrates additional roles of barren inflorescence2 in these axillary meristems. Branch, spikelet and floral meristems that form in these lines are defective, resulting in the production of fewer floral structures. Because the defects involve the number of organs produced at each stage of development, we conclude that barren inflorescence2 is required for maintenance of all types of axillary meristem in the inflorescence. This defect allows us to infer the sequence of events that takes place during maize inflorescence development. Furthermore, the defect in branch meristem formation provides insight into the role of knotted1 and barren inflorescence2 in axillary meristem initiation.
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Caselli, Francesca, Fabio Zanarello, Martin M. Kater, Raffaella Battaglia, and Veronica Gregis. "Crop reproductive meristems in the genomic era: a brief overview." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 3 (June 23, 2020): 853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190441.
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Modulation of traits beneficial for cultivation and yield is one of the main goals of crop improvement. One of the targets for enhancing productivity is changing the architecture of inflorescences since in many species it determines fruit and seed yield. Inflorescence shape and organization is genetically established during the early stages of reproductive development and depends on the number, arrangement, activities, and duration of meristems during the reproductive phase of the plant life cycle. Despite the variety of inflorescence architectures observable in nature, many key aspects of inflorescence development are conserved among different species. For instance, the genetic network in charge of specifying the identity of the different reproductive meristems, which can be indeterminate or determinate, seems to be similar among distantly related species. The availability of a large number of published transcriptomic datasets for plants with different inflorescence architectures, allowed us to identify transcription factor gene families that are differentially expressed in determinate and indeterminate reproductive meristems. The data that we review here for Arabidopsis, rice, barley, wheat, and maize, particularly deepens our knowledge of their involvement in meristem identity specification.
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Jia, Yongpeng, Kaixiang Li, Haidong Liu, Lingxiong Zan, and Dezhi Du. "Characterization of the BnA10.tfl1 Gene Controls Determinate Inflorescence Trait in Brassica napus L." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110722.
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Determinate inflorescences have a significant effect on the genetic improvement of rapeseed, so understanding the molecular function underlying the inflorescence trait may be beneficial to oilseed breeding. A previous study found candidate gene BnTFL1 (Terminal Flower 1) for control of the inflorescence trait on Brassica napus chromosome A10 (16,627–16,847 kb). However, little is known about the function of the BnTFL1 gene in B. napus. In this study, we firstly studied the formation of the shoot apical meristem and gene expression in indeterminate and determinate inflorescences; the results showed that the inflorescence architecture and BnA10.TFL1 expression showed significant differences in the shoot apex at the budding stage. Then, two alleles (named BnA10.TFL1 gene from indeterminate and BnA10.tfl1 gene from determinate) were cloned and sequence-analyzed; the results suggest that the open reading frame of the alleles comprises 537 bp, encodes 178 amino acids containing a conserved phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) domain, and shares high similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana TFL1. To analyze the function of BnA10.TFL1, the BnA10.TFL1 gene was introduced into the determinate A. thaliana tfl1 mutant and B. napus 571 line by complementation experiment. The determinate traits were restored to indeterminate, and expression of BnA10.TFL1 was increased in the indeterminate shoot apex. These results reveal that BnA10.tfl1 is a gene controlling the determinate inflorescence trait. Moreover, the BnA10.TFL1 protein was localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Collectively, the results of this study help us to understand the molecular mechanism of determinate inflorescences and will provide a reliable research basis for the application of determinate inflorescences in B. napus.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inflorescences architecture"
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FEDERICI, SILVIA. "Genetic mechanisms of maize development: from gametophyte to flowers." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50226.
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Zea mays L. is one of the world’s most agronomically important crop. The understanding of the molecular basis of inflorescences architecture and seed development may be useful for agronomic purposes. The major goal of this research is to investigate different aspect of maize development to shed light on the genetic mechanisms involved in the formation of maize inflorescences as well as seed development.
In the first part of my thesis, the mechanisms regulating inflorescences development have been investigated by studying a new barren mutant, barren inflorescence173 (bif173). The recessive mutant bif173 is affected in the formation of axillary meristems, showing defects in inflorescences development, such as a reduction in the number of spikelets and branches in the tassel and smaller and more disorganized ears. The phenotype of this mutant is not fully penetrant and its severity seems to be related to temperature or light changes. Also, we demonstrated that bif173, like other barren mutants, is involved in auxin biology and may play a role in auxin signaling. In order to identify the gene responsible of bif173 mutation, a RNA-seq analysis was carried out to closely examine a mapping region previously identified and one SNP present only in bif173 mutant transcripts was found. This SNP represents a non-synonymous mutation in the coding region of the gene GRMZM2G038401, causing a change of a very conserved amino acid in the encoded protein. This gene encodes a metalloprotease, homologous to the FtsH ATP- dependent metalloproteases, a conserved family of membrane- bound proteases. The ubiquitous localization of the GRMZM2G038401 transcripts seems to be consistent with the numerous functions of these proteases. As evidence that GRMZM2G038401 gene is a good candidate for bif173 mutation is the fact that the SNP found in the RNA-seq reads was not present in teosinte and other maize inbred lines, suggesting that it is not a polymorphism due to the genetic variability among maize background. In order to confirm that GRMZM2G038401 is the gene responsible for bif173 mutation, plants homozygous for a transposon insertion are currently growing and if the phenotype resembles the bif173 mutant phenotype, this gene will be confirmed as the causative gene. This finding will shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating inflorescences development in maize and will increase our knowledge in auxin biology.
In the second part of my thesis, genetic mechanisms acting in seed development have been investigated, particularly focusing on gametogenesis and embryogenesis. In A. thaliana, DME is a gene encoding a DNA glycosylase/lyase, active in the central cell of the female gametophyte before fertilization. The role of this enzyme is essential for the viability of the seed, in fact, acting as a demethylase, it activates the expression of maternal alleles, establishing imprinting in the endosperm. Here, two DME homologues in maize were identified: ZmDME1 and ZmDME2. The proteins encoded by these genes showed a high homology with A. thaliana DME and a conserved protein structure characteristic of the DME family. A phylogenetic analysis also suggested that these proteins have a common evolutionary origin. The expression of these genes was found in different stages of gametogenesis, previously identified through a morphological analysis. ZmDME1 and ZmDME2 showed a different expression pattern compared to A. thaliana DME, i.e. the expression was not only found in the mature gametophyte containing the central cell, but also in the embryo and endosperm and in all the vegetative tissues tested. Furthermore, the localization of the expression of ZmDME1 and ZmDME2 in the mature gametophyte was detected not only in the central cell but also in the other cells of the embryo sac and in the nucellus. In A. thaliana dme mutants produce non viable seeds, with enlarged endosperm and aborted embryos. A functional analysis using Zmdme1 mutant plants revealed no defects in vegetative and reproductive phases, producing all normal-shaped seeds. A morphological analysis of these mutants showed that gametogenesis and embryogenesis occur normally. Nevertheless, further analyses are needed to verify the function of these genes.
Even if the lack of DME orthologues in monocots has been previously hypothesized, recent findings suggest that a similar mechanism of DNA demethylation may take place in monocot gametophyte. Thus, we discuss about the possibility that ZmDME1 and ZmDME2 may be responsible of active demethylation in maize gametophyte, allowing the proper development of embryo and endosperm.
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Rodas, Méndez Ana Lucía. "MtSUPERMAN controls the number of flowers per inflorescence and floral organs in the inner three whorls of Medicago truncatula." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171474.
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[ES] Las leguminosas son un grupo de plantas consideradas de gran importancia por su valor nutricional para la alimentación humana y ganadera. Además, las familias de leguminosas se caracterizan por rasgos distintivos de desarrollo como su inflorescencia compuesta y su compleja ontogenia floral. Para comprender mejor estas características distintivas, es importante estudiar los genes reguladores clave involucrados en el desarrollo de la inflorescencia y la flor. El gen SUPERMAN (SUP) es un factor transcripcional de dedos de zinc (Cys2-Hys2) considerado como un represor activo que controla el número de estambres y carpelos en A. thaliana. Además, SUP está involucrado en la terminación del meristemo floral y el desarrollo de los tejidos derivados del carpelo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue la caracterización funcional del ortólogo de SUP en la leguminosa modelo Medicago truncatula (MtSUP). Logramos este objetivo en base a un enfoque de genética reversa, análisis de expresión génica y ensayos de complementación y sobreexpresión. Nuestros resultados muestran que MtSUP es el gen ortólogo de SUP en M. truncatula. MtSUP comparte algunos de los roles ya descritos para SUP con algunas variaciones. Curiosamente, MtSUP controla la determinación del meristemo inflorescente secundario (I2) y de los primordios comunes (CP) a pétalos y estambres. Por tanto, MtSUP controla el número de flores y de pétalos-estambres que producen el meristemo I2 y los primordios comunes, respectivamente. MtSUP muestra funciones novedosas para un gen de tipo SUP, desempeñando papeles clave en los meristemos que confieren complejidad de desarrollo a esta familia de angiospermas. Este trabajo permitió identificar a MtSUP, un gen clave que forma parte de la red reguladora genética que subyace al desarrollo de la inflorescencia compuesta y de las flores en la leguminosa modelo M. truncatula.[CA] Les lleguminoses són un gran grup de plantes considerades de gran importància pel seu valor nutricional per a l'alimentació humana i ramadera. A més, les famílies de lleguminoses es caracteritzen per trets distintius de desenrotllament com la seua inflorescència composta i la seua complexa ontogènia floral. Per a comprendre millor estes característiques distintives, és important estudiar els gens reguladors clau involucrats en la inflorescència i el desenrotllament floral. El gen SUPERMAN (SUP) és un factor transcripcional de dits de zinc (Cys2-Hys2) considerat com un repressor actiu que controla el nombre d'estams i carpels en A. thaliana. A més, SUP està involucrat en la terminació del meristemo floral i el desenrotllament dels teixits derivats del carpel. "L'objectiu principal d'este treball va ser la caracterització funcional de l'ortòleg de SUP en la lleguminosa model Medicago truncatula (MtSUP) . Aconseguim l'objectiu amb base en un enfocament genètic invers, anàlisi d'expressió gènica i assajos de complementació i sobreexpressió. Els nostres resultats mostren que MtSUP és el gen ortòleg de SUP en M. truncatula. MtSUP compartix alguns dels rols ja descrits per a SUP amb variacions. Curiosament, MtSUP està involucrat en la determinació del meristemo de la inflorescència secundària (I2) i els primordios comuns (CP). Per tant, MtSUP controla el nombre de flors i pètals-estams que produïxen el meristemo I2 i els primordios comuns, respectivament. MtSUP mostra funcions noves per a un gen tipus SUP, exercint papers clau en els meristemos que conferixen complexitat de desenrotllament a esta família d'angiospermes. "Este treball va permetre identificar a MtSUP, un gen clau que forma part de la xarxa reguladora genètica darrere de la inflorescència composta i el desenrotllament de flors en la lleguminosa model M. truncatula.
[EN] Legumes are a large group of plants considered of great importance for their nutritional value in human and livestock nutrition. Besides, legume families are characterized by distinctive developmental traits as their compound inflorescence and complex floral ontogeny. For a better understanding of these distinctive features is important to study key regulatory genes involved in the inflorescence and floral development. The SUPERMAN (SUP) gene is a zinc-finger (Cys2-Hys2) transcriptional factor considered to be an active repressor that controls the number of stamens and carpels in A. thaliana. Moreover, SUP is involved in the floral meristem termination and the development of the carpel marginal derived tissues. The main objective of this work was the functional characterization of the SUP orthologue in the model legume Medicago truncatula (MtSUP). We achieved this objective based on a reverse genetic approach, gene expression analysis, and complementation and overexpression assays. Our results show that MtSUP is the orthologous gene of SUP in M. truncatula. MtSUP shares some of the roles already described for SUP with variations. Interestingly, MtSUP controls the determinacy of the secondary inflorescence (I2) meristem and the common primordia (CP). Thus, MtSUP controls the number of flowers and petal-stamens produced by the I2 meristem and the common primordia respectively. MtSUP displays novel functions for a SUP-like gene, playing key roles in the meristems that confer developmental complexity to this angiosperm family. This work allowed to identify MtSUP, a key gene that participates in the genetic regulatory network underlying compound inflorescence and flower development in the model legume M. truncatula.
I would like to thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the grant (MINECO; BIO2016-75485-R) that supported this work. Special thanks to the Generalitat Valenciana for funding my doctorate with the Santiago Grisolía predoctoral scholarships
Rodas Méndez, AL. (2021). MtSUPERMAN controls the number of flowers per inflorescence and floral organs in the inner three whorls of Medicago truncatula [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171474
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Jordan, Crispin Y. "The consequences of inflorescence architecture for bumble bee behaviour and plant mating." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ55273.pdf.
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Greville, Karen. "The regulation of flower development in indeterminate Impatiens balsamina L." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365876.
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Cremers, Georges. "Architecture végétative et structure inflorescentielle de quelques melastomaceae guyanaises /." Paris : ORSTOM, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34908935j.
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Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Stefan Ekman, Timothy D. McDowell, and Birgitta Bremer. "Evolution of Growth Habit, Inflorescence Architecture, Flower Size, and Fruit Type in Rubiaceae : Its Ecological and Evolutionary Implications." Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsmuseet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179575.
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During angiosperm evolution, innovations in vegetative and reproductive organs have resulted in tremendous morphological diversity, which has played a crucial role in the ecological success of flowering plants. Morindeae (Rubiaceae) display considerable diversity in growth form, inflorescence architecture, flower size, and fruit type. Lianescent habit, head inflorescence, small flower, and multiple fruit are the predominant states, but arborescent habit, non-headed inflorescence, large flower, and simple fruit states occur in various genera. This makes Morindeae an ideal model for exploring the evolutionary appearances and transitions between the states of these characters. We reconstructed ancestral states for these four traits using a Bayesian approach and combined nuclear/chloroplast data for 61 Morindeae species. The aim was to test three hypotheses: 1) self-supporting habit is generally ancestral in clades comprising both lianescent and arborescent species; 2) changes from lianescent to arborescent habit are uncommon due to "a high degree of specialization and developmental burden''; 3) head inflorescences and multiple fruits in Morindeae evolved from non-headed inflorescences and simple fruits, respectively. Lianescent habit, head inflorescence, large flower, and multiple fruit are inferred for Morindeae, making arborescent habit, non-headed inflorescence, small flower, and simple fruit derived within the tribe. The rate of change from lianescent to arborescent habit is much higher than the reverse change. Therefore, evolutionary changes between lianescent and arborescent forms can be reversible, and their frequency and trends vary between groups. Moreover, these changes are partly attributed to a scarcity of host trees for climbing plants in more open habitats. Changes from large to small flowers might have been driven by shifts to pollinators with progressively shorter proboscis, which are associated with shifts in breeding systems towards dioecy. A single origin of dioecy from hermaphroditism is supported.
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FRANCHINI, EMANUELA. "ROLE OF ALOG FAMILY GENES IN INFLORESCENCE PATTERNING IN ORYZA SATIVA AND ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/714283.
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Inflorescence architecture is a key agronomical trait that determines fruit and seed yield.
Understanding the genetic basis of inflorescence architecture will not only contribute to elucidate crop evolution/domestication mechanisms but also improve crop grain yield.
Flowering plants develop different types of inflorescences, such as racemes in Arabidopsis and panicles in rice. The architecture is established during the early stages of reproductive development and it is determined by the activity of different meristem types and by the timing of the transition between indeterminate meristems to determinate ones.
Inflorescence development is finely regulated by a genetic network that includes meristem identity genes and genes that regulate their expression; many genes are already known but others have still to be characterized to provide insight into how this complex process is controlled.
Transcriptomic analysis performed in rice and in Arabidopsis through laser microdissection of different meristematic tissues highlighted differentially expressed genes belonging to the ALOG family suggesting their role in inflorescence patterning.
We focus on G1L1, G1L2, and G1L5 of rice and on LSH1, LSH3, and LSH4 of Arabidopsis. G1L5 is already known to be a major regulator of inflorescence architecture, whereas LSH3 and LSH4 seem to have a role in meristem maintenance and organogenesis. Their expression profiles were analyzed by qRT-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization experiments using meristematic tissues from both species. We are also generating single and double/triple K.O mutants in different combinations by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to have a better understanding of their role in inflorescence patterning.
The data so far obtained demonstrate the role of G1L1 and G1L2 in inflorescence branching and spikelet number determination and we also propose a role for G1L2 in root development. Furthermore, LSH1 seems to be involved in meristem maintenance and organ differentiation, and LSH3 in stem elongation. We propose the hypothesis that LSH1, LSH3, and LSH4 play a redundant function in inflorescence development.
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Alhajturki, Dema [Verfasser], Roosa Gutachter] Laitinen, Michael [Gutachter] [Lenhard, and Joost [Gutachter] Keurentjees. "Characterization of altered inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana BG-5 x Kro-0 hybrid / Dema Alhajturki ; Gutachter: Roosa Laitinen, Michael Lenhard, Joost Keurentjees." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420934.
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Alhajturki, Dema [Verfasser], Roosa [Gutachter] Laitinen, Michael [Gutachter] Lenhard, and Joost [Gutachter] Keurentjees. "Characterization of altered inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana BG-5 x Kro-0 hybrid / Dema Alhajturki ; Gutachter: Roosa Laitinen, Michael Lenhard, Joost Keurentjees." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1218404728/34.
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Deleu, Wim Karel Paul. "Molecular and functional analysis of AGL2-like MADS-box genes in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) indications for their involvement in grass inflorescence architecture /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965078728.
Full textBooks on the topic "Inflorescences architecture"
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Cremers, G. Architecture végétative et structure inflorescentielle de quelques Melastomacae guyanaises. Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Inflorescences architecture"
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McKim, Sarah M., Ravi Koppolu, and Thorsten Schnurbusch. "Barley Inflorescence Architecture." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 171–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92528-8_12.
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Rossini, Laura, Ron Okagaki, Arnis Druka, and Gary J. Muehlbauer. "Shoot and Inflorescence Architecture." In Biotechnological Approaches to Barley Improvement, 55–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44406-1_4.
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Torii, Keiko U., Laurel A. Hanson, Caroline A. B. Josefsson, and Elena D. Shpak. "Regulation of Inflorescence Architecture and Organ Shape by the ERECTA Gene in Arabidopsis." In Morphogenesis and Pattern Formation in Biological Systems, 153–64. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65958-7_13.
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"Inflorescence Architecture." In Flowers, 15–27. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294385-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Inflorescences architecture"
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"Developmental pathways regulating wheat inflorescence architecture." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-045.
Full textReports on the topic "Inflorescences architecture"
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Eshed-Williams, Leor, and Daniel Zilberman. Genetic and cellular networks regulating cell fate at the shoot apical meristem. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699862.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The shoot apical meristem establishes plant architecture by continuously producing new lateral organs such as leaves, axillary meristems and flowers throughout the plant life cycle. This unique capacity is achieved by a group of self-renewing pluripotent stem cells that give rise to founder cells, which can differentiate into multiple cell and tissue types in response to environmental and developmental cues. Cell fate specification at the shoot apical meristem is programmed primarily by transcription factors acting in a complex gene regulatory network. In this project we proposed to provide significant understanding of meristem maintenance and cell fate specification by studying four transcription factors acting at the meristem. Our original aim was to identify the direct target genes of WUS, STM, KNAT6 and CNA transcription factor in a genome wide scale and the manner by which they regulate their targets. Our goal was to integrate this data into a regulatory model of cell fate specification in the SAM and to identify key genes within the model for further study. We have generated transgenic plants carrying the four TF with two different tags and preformed chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to identify the TF direct target genes. Due to unforeseen obstacles we have been delayed in achieving this aim but hope to accomplish it soon. Using the GR inducible system, genetic approach and transcriptome analysis [mRNA-seq] we provided a new look at meristem activity and its regulation of morphogenesis and phyllotaxy and propose a coherent framework for the role of many factors acting in meristem development and maintenance. We provided evidence for 3 different mechanisms for the regulation of WUS expression, DNA methylation, a second receptor pathway - the ERECTA receptor and the CNA TF that negatively regulates WUS expression in its own domain, the Organizing Center. We found that once the WUS expression level surpasses a certain threshold it alters cell identity at the periphery of the inflorescence meristem from floral meristem to carpel fate [FM]. When WUS expression highly elevated in the FM, the meristem turn into indeterminate. We showed that WUS activate cytokinine, inhibit auxin response and represses the genes required for root identity fate and that gradual increase in WUCHEL activity leads to gradual meristem enlargement that affect phyllotaxis. We also propose a model in which the direction of WUS domain expansion laterally or upward affects meristem structure differently. We preformed mRNA-seq on meristems with different size and structure followed by k-means clustering and identified groups of genes that are expressed in specific domains at the meristem. We will integrate this data with the ChIP-seq of the 4 TF to add another layer to the genetic network regulating meristem activity.