Journal articles on the topic 'Infiltration'
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Khanaum, Mosammat Mustari, and Md Saidul Borhan. "Influence of Soil Layers on the Infiltration Rates and Cumulative Infiltration Using Modified Green Ampt Model in the HYDROL-INF Simulation Environment." International Journal of Agriculture System 10, no. 2 (December 17, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3818.
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Soil profiles are generally heterogeneous and consist of various horizontal layers due to geological processes, the formation of crusts, or other artificial or man-made activities. To quantify infiltration into these heterogeneous soil profiles, the Modified Green-Ampt Model (MGAM) is a physically-based hydrologic model that can efficiently perform under both steady and unsteady rainfall events. Based on the secondary data, this study sought to determine the effect of changing soil layers (soil textures) on infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations in in both laboratory and field settings. Different scenarios were analyzed by rearranging soil layers and evaluating their impacts on corresponding infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations. Simulations were run with HYDROL-INF software environment using MGAM. Three scenarios were considered for a laboratory experiment with two different types of soil texture coupled with five different soil profiles. Similarly, four scenarios were considered for the field experiments with five different types of soil texture couple with eight different soil profiles. The simulated infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations were found to vary with soil layer change scenarios. The simulated cumulative infiltrations, ponding times, infiltrating rates at ponding, and total depth of wetting front at ponding of a five-layered laboratory soil column were identical for the three scenarios. Simulated cumulative infiltrations were 33.16, 23.65, 21.29, and 42.77 cm, respectively, for scenarios (combinations) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the eight-layered soil profile in the field scenarios. Infiltration rates among scenarios at ponding were identical (0.46 to 0.53 cm/h) with field scenario data.
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Li, Ning, Yuxiang Tian, Biao Ma, and Dongxia Hu. "Experimental Investigation of Water-Retaining and Mechanical Behaviors of Unbound Granular Materials under Infiltration." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031174.
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Unbound granular materials (UGM) in permeable pavement will experience large numbers of infiltration during their service-life. The frequently changed moisture not only affects the cooling effect of permeable pavement, but also influences the mechanical behaviors of UGM. However, evidence is lacking to state the influence of infiltration on the behaviors of UGM, which is commonly in fully permeable pavement. Considering the influence of infiltration, this study conducted experimental tests to investigate the effect on the water-retaining and bearing capacity of UGM. With the water-retaining tests, the water-retaining rate in the whole structure and at different depths was analyzed under different infiltration numbers and duration. The results showed that the water-retaining rate increased with the extension of the infiltration duration. The infiltration duration had a significant influence on the water-retaining capacity of UGM, while the infiltration number had little. The difference in the water-retaining rate between the top and bottom layers was up to 2.56%. The water-retaining capacity of the integrated structure was hardly affected due to the dissimilarity of the water-retaining rate at different depths. With infiltrations, the fine aggregate in the upside structure migrated downward to the lower structure, resulting in a reduction in water-retaining rate in the upper structure and an increase at the bottom. In addition, the mechanical behaviors were evaluated by the traditional California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and repeated CBR tests under five infiltrations. The first and second infiltration had a significant influence on the CBR of UGM. With two infiltrations, the plastic strain increased by 57.8% via the repeated CBR tests. The resilient strain had an increase by 36.52% and the equivalent modulus decreased by 28.7% with the first infiltration. The first infiltration presented a critical influence on the bearing capacity of UGM and the effect decreased with the increase in the infiltration number. These findings will enrich the behaviors investigation of UGM and promote its application in the fully permeable pavement.
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Seyboldt, Christoph, Mathias Liewald, and Daniel Heydt. "Production of Aluminium Based Interpenetrating Phase Composites Using Semi-Solid Forming." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.502.
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The following paper deals with the production of Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPC) using semi-solid forming technology. Therefore, adequate ceramic foams were selected and infiltrated by processing the aluminium alloy A356 in the semi-solid state. In the studies presented in this paper, the infiltrations of two ceramic materials (Al2O3 and SiC) with three different pore sizes (10, 20 and 30 ppi) were investigated. During the forming process the liquid phase fraction of the aluminium was varied to analyze infiltration effects in relation to the raw material´s liquid phase fraction. Afterwards, microsections of the produced specimens were analyzed in order to characterize their microstructure and the quality of infiltration. The results showed that completely filled composite components with good mechanical properties can be produced by infiltrating ceramic preforms with a semi-solid aluminium alloy.
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Lilbæk, G., and J. W. Pomeroy. "Evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 24, 2010): 1431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1431-2010.
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Abstract. Meltwater ion concentration and infiltration rate into frozen soil both decline rapidly as snowmelt progresses. Their temporal association is highly non-linear and a covariance term must be added in order to use time-averaged values of snowmelt ion concentration and infiltration rate to calculate chemical infiltration. The covariance is labelled enhanced infiltration and represents the additional ion load that infiltrates due to the timing of high meltwater concentration and infiltration rate. Previous assessment of the impact of enhanced infiltration has been theoretical; thus, experiments were carried out to examine whether enhanced infiltration can be recognized in controlled laboratory settings and to what extent its magnitude varies with soil moisture. Three experiments were carried out: dry soil conditions, unsaturated soil conditions, and saturated soil conditions. Chloride solution was added to the surface of frozen soil columns; the concentration decreased exponentially over time to simulate snow meltwater. Infiltration excess water was collected and its chloride concentration and volume determined. Ion load infiltrating the frozen soil was specified by mass conservation. Results showed that infiltrating ion load increased with decreasing soil moisture as expected; however, the impact of enhanced infiltration increased considerably with increasing soil moisture. Enhanced infiltration caused 2.5 times more ion load to infiltrate during saturated conditions than that estimated using time-averaged ion concentrations and infiltration rates alone. For unsaturated conditions, enhanced infiltration was reduced to 1.45 and for dry soils to 1.3. Reduction in infiltration excess ion load due to enhanced infiltration increased slightly (2–5%) over time, being greatest for the dry soil (45%) and least for the saturated soil (6%). The importance of timing between high ion concentrations and high infiltration rates was best illustrated in the unsaturated experiment, which showed large inter-column variation in enhanced ion infiltration due to variation in this temporal covariance.
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Lilbæk, G., and J. W. Pomeroy. "Laboratory evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 7 (July 29, 2010): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1365-2010.
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Abstract. Meltwater ion concentration and infiltration rate into frozen soil both decline rapidly as snowmelt progresses. Their temporal association is highly non-linear and a covariance term must be added in order to use time-averaged values of snowmelt ion concentration and infiltration rate to calculate chemical infiltration. The covariance is labelled enhanced ion infiltration and represents the additional ion load that infiltrates due to the timing of high meltwater concentration and infiltration rate. Previous assessment of the impact of enhanced ion infiltration has been theoretical; thus, experiments were carried out to examine whether enhanced infiltration can be recognized in controlled laboratory settings and to what extent its magnitude varies with soil moisture. Three experiments were carried out: dry soil conditions, unsaturated soil conditions, and saturated soil conditions. Chloride solutions were added to the surface of frozen soil columns; the concentration decreased exponentially over time to simulate snow meltwater. Infiltration excess water was collected and its chloride concentration and volume determined. Ion load infiltrating the frozen soil was specified by mass conservation. Results showed that infiltrating ion load increased with decreasing soil moisture as expected; however, the impact of enhanced ion infiltration increased considerably with increasing soil moisture. Enhanced infiltration caused 2.5 times more ion load to infiltrate during saturated conditions than that estimated using time-averaged ion concentrations and infiltration rates alone. For unsaturated conditions, enhanced ion infiltration was reduced to 1.45 and for dry soils to 1.3. Reduction in infiltration excess ion load due to enhanced infiltration increased slightly (2–5%) over time, being greatest for the dry soil (45%) and least for the saturated soil (6%). The importance of timing between high ion concentrations and high infiltration rates was best illustrated in the unsaturated experiment, which showed large inter-column variation in enhanced ion infiltration due to variation in this temporal covariance.
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Bi, Qing, Yang Liu, Tao Yuan, Huizhen Wang, Bin Li, Ye Jiang, Xingkui Mo, et al. "Predicted CD4+ T cell infiltration levels could indicate better overall survival in sarcoma patients." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 1 (January 2021): 030006052098153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520981539.
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Objective The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has not yet been characterized in sarcomas. The aim of this bioinformatics study was to explore the effect of TILs on sarcoma survival and genome alterations. Methods Whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and survival data of sarcoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immune infiltration scores were calculated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Potential associations between abundance of infiltrating TILs and survival or genome alterations were examined. Results Levels of CD4+ T cell infiltration were associated with overall survival of patients with pan-sarcomas, and higher CD4+ T cell infiltration levels were associated with better survival. Somatic copy number alterations, rather than mutations, were found to correlate with CD4+ T cell infiltration levels. Conclusions This data mining study indicated that CD4+ T cell infiltration levels predicted from RNA sequencing could predict sarcoma prognosis, and higher levels of CD4+ T cells infiltration indicated a better chance of survival.
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Xiong, Ying, Zewei Wang, Quan Zhou, Han Zeng, Hongyu Zhang, Zhaopei Liu, Qiuren Huang, et al. "Identification and validation of dichotomous immune subtypes based on intratumoral immune cells infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 1 (March 2020): e000447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000447.
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BackgroundIncreasing evidence has elucidated the clinical significance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in predicting outcomes and therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we comprehensively analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME) immune cell infiltrations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and correlated the infiltration patterns with anti-tumor immunity and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed immune cell infiltrations in four independent cohorts, including the KIRC cohort of 533 patients, the Zhongshan ccRCC cohorts of 259 patients, the Zhongshan fresh tumor sample cohorts of 20 patients and the Zhongshan metastatic ccRCC cohorts of 87 patients. Intrinsic patterns of immune cell infiltrations were evaluated for associations with clinicopathological characteristics, underlying biological pathways, genetic changes, oncological outcomes and treatment responses.ResultsUnsupervised clustering of tumor infiltrating immune cells identified two microenvironment subtypes, TMEcluster-A and TMEcluster-B. Gene markers and biological pathways referring to immune evasion were upregulated in TMEcluster-B. TMEcluster-B associated with poor overall survival (p<0.001; HR 2.629) and recurrence free survival (p=0.012; HR 1.870) in ccRCC validation cohort. TMEcluster-B cases had worse treatment response (p=0.009), overall survival (p<0.001; HR 2.223) and progression free survival (p=0.015; HR 2.7762) in metastatic ccRCC cohort. The predictive accuracy of International Metastatic Database Consortium risk score was improved after incorporation of TME clusters.ConclusionsTMEcluster-A featured increased mast cells infiltration, prolonged survival and better treatment response. TMEcluster-B was a heavily infiltrated but immunosuppressed phenotype enriched for macrophages, CD4+T cells, Tregs, CD8+T cells and B cells. TMEcluster-B predicted dismal survival and worse treatment response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients.
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Su, Li Zheng, Le Hua Qi, Ji Ming Zhou, Yu Shan Wang, and Fang Yang. "Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of the Infiltration in Liquid Infiltration Extrusion Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.953.
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The pressure infiltration process of porous preforms by molten metals was investigated numerically in this paper. The finite element model of heat and mass transfer of the infiltration in liquid infiltration extrusion process was founded by the introduction of a new continuum model of fluid in porous medium and a distribution resistance concept. The proposed model can describe the transient flow behavior of semisolid materials qualitatively. Numerical simulations were developed in particular for non-isothermal infiltrations which take into account the thermal aspects (the mould, the fibres and the metal are initially preheated at different temperatures). The temperature distribution, infiltration front and infiltration depth in the infiltration area were gained by the simulation of ANSYS／FLOTRAN code. It is shown that the fiber volume fraction and initial temperature have a strong effect on the infiltration process. The simulation results of axisymmetric infiltration have a good agreement with their experimental ones. In addition, the infiltration time was predicted to get the effective infiltration depth based on the simulation results.
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ROSENTHAL, KELLI. "Infiltration." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 1, no. 2 (November 2003): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152258-200311000-00010.
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PURCELL, ROSAMOND, and STEPHEN JAY GOULD. "Infiltration." Sciences 39, no. 4 (July 8, 1999): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2326-1951.1999.tb03701.x.
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Pabst, Lindsay, John Nusstein, Melissa Drum, Al Reader, and Mike Beck. "The Efficacy of a Repeated Buccal Infiltration of Articaine in Prolonging Duration of Pulpal Anesthesia in the Mandibular First Molar." Anesthesia Progress 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-56.4.128.
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Abstract Previous studies have shown declining rates of pulpal anesthesia over 60 minutes when a cartridge of 4% articaine is used with 1∶100,000 epinephrine for buccal infiltration in the mandibular first molar. The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study comparing the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained with 2 sets of mandibular first molar buccal infiltrations, given in 2 separate appointments, to 86 adult subjects: an initial infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1∶100,000 epinephrine plus a repeated infiltration of the same anesthetic and dose given 25 minutes following the initial infiltration versus an initial infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1∶100,000 epinephrine plus a mock repeated infiltration given 25 minutes following the initial infiltration. The authors used an electric pulp tester to test the first molar for anesthesia in 3-minute cycles for 112 minutes after the injections. The repeated infiltration significantly improved pulpal anesthesia from 28 minutes through 109 minutes in the mandibular first molar. A repeated infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1∶100,000 epinephrine given 25 minutes after an initial infiltration of the same type and dose of anesthetic significantly improved the duration of pulpal anesthesia, when compared with only an initial buccal infiltration, in the mandibular first molar.
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Tobin, Joshua W. D., Colm Keane, Jay Gunawardana, Peter Mollee, Simone Birch, Thanh Hoang, Justina Lee, et al. "Progression of Disease Within 24 Months in Follicular Lymphoma Is Associated With Reduced Intratumoral Immune Infiltration." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 34 (December 1, 2019): 3300–3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.02365.
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PURPOSE Understanding the immunobiology of the 15% to 30% of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who experience progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) remains a priority. Solid tumors with low levels of intratumoral immune infiltration have inferior outcomes. It is unknown whether a similar relationship exists between POD24 in FL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Digital gene expression using a custom code set—five immune effector, six immune checkpoint, one macrophage molecules—was applied to a discovery cohort of patients with early- and advanced-stage FL (n = 132). T-cell receptor repertoire analysis, flow cytometry, multispectral immunofluorescence, and next-generation sequencing were performed. The immune infiltration profile was validated in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced-stage FL requiring systemic treatment (n = 138, rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone; n = 45, rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), with the latter selected to permit comparison of patients experiencing a POD24 event with those having no progression at 5 years or more. RESULTS Immune molecules showed distinct clustering, characterized by either high or low expression regardless of categorization as an immune effector, immune checkpoint, or macrophage molecule. Low programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) was the most sensitive/specific marker to segregate patients with adverse outcomes; therefore, PD-L2 expression was chosen to distinguish immune infiltrationHI (ie, high PD-L2) FL biopsies from immune infiltrationLO (ie, low PD-L2) tumors. Immune infiltrationHI tissues were highly infiltrated with macrophages and expanded populations of T-cell clones. Of note, the immune infiltrationLO subset of patients with FL was enriched for POD24 events (odds ratio [OR], 4.32; c-statistic, 0.81; P = .001), validated in the independent cohorts (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone: OR, 2.95; c-statistic, 0.75; P = .011; and rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone: OR, 7.09; c-statistic, 0.88; P = .011). Mutations were equally proportioned across tissues, which indicated that degree of immune infiltration is capturing aspects of FL biology distinct from its mutational profile. CONCLUSION Assessment of immune-infiltration by PD-L2 expression is a promising tool with which to help identify patients who are at risk for POD24.
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Chulkova, S. V., E. N. Sholokhova, I. V. Poddubnaya, I. S. Stylidi, A. V. Egorova, N. A. Kozlov, and N. N. Tupitsyn. "The relationship of lymphoid populations (infiltration) of the primary tumor with bone marrow immune responses in patients with breast cancer." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 22, no. 1 (April 17, 2023): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2023-22-1-49-61.
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Backgraund. Currently, immunotherapy is firmly established in the standard of cancer treatment. The basis for the appointment of immunotherapy are immunological tumor markers, which include lymphoid infiltration, a detailed study of which has received increasing attention in the last decade. An undoubted interest is the study of lymphoid infiltration, not only depending on the morpho-clinical parameters of breast cancer (BC), but also on the immune system of the bone marrow.Aim. To evaluate the infiltration of the primary tumor by lymphocytes depending on the morpho-clinical characteristics of BC and immune responses in the bone marrow.Materials and methods. This study included 125 patients with BC who received treatment at the “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Tumor stage II was prevailed, а moderate degree of differentiation (G2) was more often noted. The luminal BC – 67 %, non-luminal – 33 %. Immunophenotyping of the primary tumor: cryostat sections, ZEISS Axioscope luminescent microscope (Zeiss AG, Germany). CD45+, CD38+, T- and B-cell infiltration were assessed. Bone marrow: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+, CD56+ lymphocytes and their subpopulations were studied (FACSCanto II flow cytometer, Kaluza Analysis v2.1 program (Beckman Coulter, USA)).Results. CD45+ infiltration was noted in 50.5 % of cases (severe in 30 %, moderate – 26.4 %). CD8+ cells significantly infiltrated the tumor in 21.4 % of cases. CD38+ infiltration was observed in 40 %. In the non-luminal BC, severe CD45 infiltration was observed more frequently than in the luminal (33 % vs 26 %). CD38+ infiltration is expressed in non-luminal BC (p = 0.016). CD45+ infiltration was positively correlated with earlier stages (p = 0.071) more pronounced in infiltrative ductal BC, than in lobular BC: 59.2 % vs 20 % (p = 0.05). The content of CD45RO+cells in bone marrow in the luminal BC is higher than in the non-luminal: 37.3 ± 2.3 % vs 28 ± 2.8 % (p = 0.04). The number of CD19+CD38+ cells, on the contrary, is less: 24.2 ± 2 % vs 34.8 ± 6 % (p = 0.041). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes highly correlated with bone marrow lymphoid populations: CD38+ cells with NK-bone marrow cells; CD4+ cells with the B-precursors; CD8+cells with the B1-lymphocytes.Conclusion. Lymphoid infiltration of BC is associated with stage, tumor size, histological type and biological subtype. Intratumoral populations CD38+, CD4+, CD3+, CD8+ cells are in a negative correlation with bone marrow lymphoid populations.
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Fernebro, Josefin, Marie Wiklund, Kjell Jonsson, Pär-Ola Bendahl, Anders Rydholm, Mef Nilbert, and Jacob Engellau. "Focus on the Tumour Periphery in MRI Evaluation of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Infiltrative Growth Signifies Poor Prognosis." Sarcoma 2006 (2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/srcm/2006/21251.
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Purpose. Infiltrative microscopical peripheral growth of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) has been shown to be of prognostic importance and preoperative risk stratification could individualize neoadjuvant treatment.Patients and methods. We assessed peripheral tumour growth pattern on preoperative MRI from 78 STS. The findings were correlated to histopathology and to outcome.Results. The MRI-based peripheral tumour growth pattern was classified as pushing in 34 tumours, focally infiltrative in 25, and diffusely infiltrative in 19. All tumours with diffuse infiltration on MRI also showed microscopical infiltration, whereas MRI failed to identify infiltration in two-thirds of the microscopically infiltrative tumours. Diffusely infiltrative growth on MRI gave a 2.5 times increased risk of metastases (P=.01) and a 3.7 times higher risk of local recurrence (P=.02).Discussion. Based on this observation we suggest that MRI evaluation of STS should focus on the peripheral tumour growth pattern since it adds prognostic information of value for decisions on neoadjuvant therapies.
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Cho, Bum Rae, and Dae Hong Heo. "Preparation of Mullite Composite Using Liquid Infiltration Technique." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.105.
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Porous mullite with a porosity of about 78% was fabricated using Al(OH)3, SiO2 and AlF3 powders to develop non-asbestos friction materials for brake pads. A mullite composite was fabricated by infiltrating liquid phenolic resins to the porous mullite. The effects of the processing parameters (infiltration frequency, immersion duration and resin temperature) on the properties of the mullite composite obtained by the liquid infiltration technique were studied. SEM analysis reveals that the parameters affected the degree of infiltration and hardness of the mullite composite by changing the infiltration frequency and immersion duration. With increasing immersion duration and infiltration frequency, the resultant porosity had lower values. In the case of hardness, the measured values showed an opposite tendency.
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Murata, Daiki, Yohei Mineharu, Yoshiki Arakawa, Bin Liu, Masahiro Tanji, Makoto Yamaguchi, Ko-ichi Fujimoto, et al. "High programmed cell death 1 ligand–1 expression: association with CD8+ T-cell infiltration and poor prognosis in human medulloblastoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 128, no. 3 (March 2018): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.11.jns16991.
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OBJECTIVEMedulloblastoma is a type of malignant tumor arising in the cerebellum. The clinical importance of programmed cell death 1 ligand–1 (PD-L1) expression in medulloblastoma remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating T cells, and to evaluate their relationships to the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma.METHODSThe authors immunohistochemically analyzed PD-L1 expression and CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocyte infiltrations in tumor specimens from 16 patients with medulloblastoma.RESULTSHigh expression of PD-L1 was observed in 9 (56.3%) of 16 samples studied. High expression of PD-L1 was associated with low infiltrations of CD3+ or CD8+ lymphocytes. Patients with high expression of PD-L1 had shorter progression-free survival and overall survival times than those with low expression (p = 0.076 and p = 0.099, respectively). In addition, patients with high expression of PD-L1 and with low infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes had a significantly worse outcome, with a 5-year survival rate of 15%, as compared with the other patients, who had a 5-year survival rate of nearly 90% (p = 0.0048 for progression-free survival and p = 0.010 for overall survival).CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that PD-L1 expression was associated with a reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells and poor prognosis in human medulloblastoma.
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VESNIN, Vladimir I. "AIR INFILTRATION AND ROOM HEAT LOSS THROUGH WINDOW OPENINGS." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.03.2.
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The research of cooling processes of a building, when heating system is operating in discontinuous mode, is carried out. Factors affecting temperature decrease rate are analyzed. Influence of cold air infiltration on heat exchange processes is shown. Methods of aerodynamic calculations of natural ventilation are specified. Method of pressure determination in-building, taking into account infiltrative air hydraulic loss, is proposed. Cooling process with air infiltration is calculated. Infiltration increases clinograde by 0.4-1°C per hour. Existing materials of heat transfer resistance through fiberglass windows constructions are compiled. Practical proposals for reducing of air infiltration and heat loss through openings are made.
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Zhang, Gui-rong, Ya-jun Qian, Zhang-chun Wang, and Bo Zhao. "Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration Law in Unsaturated Soil Slope." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567250.
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In the study of unsaturated soil slope stability under rainfall infiltration, it is worth continuing to explore how much rainfall infiltrates into the slope in a rain process, and the amount of rainfall infiltrating into slope is the important factor influencing the stability. Therefore, rainfall infiltration capacity is an important issue of unsaturated seepage analysis for slope. On the basis of previous studies, rainfall infiltration law of unsaturated soil slope is analyzed. Considering the characteristics of slope and rainfall, the key factors affecting rainfall infiltration of slope, including hydraulic properties, water storage capacityθs−θr, soil types, rainfall intensities, and antecedent and subsequent infiltration rates on unsaturated soil slope, are discussed by using theory analysis and numerical simulation technology. Based on critical factors changing, this paper presents three calculation models of rainfall infiltrability for unsaturated slope, including (1) infiltration model considering rainfall intensity; (2) effective rainfall model considering antecedent rainfall; (3) infiltration model considering comprehensive factors. Based on the technology of system response, the relationship of rainfall and infiltration is described, and the prototype of regression model of rainfall infiltration is given, in order to determine the amount of rain penetration during a rain process.
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Eustathopoulos, N., R. Israel, B. Drevet, and D. Camel. "Reactive infiltration by Si: Infiltration versus wetting." Scripta Materialia 62, no. 12 (June 2010): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.02.030.
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Argyrokastritis, Ioannis, Maria Psychogiou, and Paraskevi A. Londra. "Infiltration under Ponded Conditions." Water 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243492.
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Ponded infiltration processes occur in agricultural lands irrigated by flooding of their soil surface or under insufficient drainage conditions. The existing equations describing the phenomenon of vertical infiltration under ponded conditions have not considered the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. In this study, simple equations are proposed to describe the horizontal and vertical infiltration under various ponding heads incorporating the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. Six soils with known hydraulic properties, covering a wide range of soil textures, were used. Horizontal and vertical infiltration data are obtained by numerical simulation for all soils studied using the Hydrus-1D code. To validate the accuracy of the proposed equations, the solutions of horizontal and vertical infiltrations provided by the proposed equations were compared with numerically simulated ones provided by the Hydrus 1-D. The analysis of the results showed a very good agreement in all soils studied. The proposed vertical infiltration equation was also compared to a simple and accurate equation which does not incorporate the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow and differences between them were observed in all soils studied.
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Ha, Seung Hee, Hui kyung Kim, Yeon Ji Jo, and Jong Soo Lee. "A Case of Sterile Peripheral Corneal Infiltrative Event after LASIK." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 64, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2023.64.3.256.
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Purpose: To report a rare, sterile, peripheral, corneal infiltrative event after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Case summary: A 29-year-old male presented with left-eye conjunctival injection and peripheral corneal infiltration 3 days after LASIK. A whitish, oval, peripheral infiltration around the corneal flap was apparent from 6-to-10 o’clock in the limbus. Slit lamp examination revealed conjunctival injection and mild corneal edema but neither a corneal epithelial defect nor an inflammatory reaction of the anterior chamber. Intensive cycloplegic, steroid ointment, steroid drops, antibiotic drops, and artificial tear therapies were prescribed under the impression of a sterile, peripheral, corneal infiltrative event. After 1 month, the symptoms and corneal opacity resolved without any complications.Conclusions: A sterile, peripheral, corneal infiltrative event, namely, an oval infiltration of the periphery of the cornea without pain or epithelial damage can develop after LASIK but responds well to steroid eye drops.
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Madej, J. A., J. P. Madej, S. Dzimira, and M. Nowak. "An immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocytic infiltrations in canine skin cancers." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0018.
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Abstract Lymphocytic infiltrations located in the extracellular matrix often accompany canine skin cancer. They can be characterised as an inflammatory infiltration and/or a second tumour - lymphoma. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical analysis of a lymphocytic infiltration which accompanies spontaneous skin cancer. Twenty basal cell carcinoma, 20 non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, 20 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and 8 sebaceous gland carcinoma samples which were accompanied by a lymphocytic infiltration and/or secondary lymphatic follicles were verified histopathologically. The expression of bcl-2, CD3, CD79α, Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 in the lymphocytic infiltration was evaluated. Four types of lymphocytic infiltrations were found: I - diffuse bcl-2+, II - diffuse bcl-2-, III - follicular bcl-2+/- where the centre was bcl-2-, and the marginal zone of the follicles and the extrafollicular area were bcl-2+ and IV - aggregated bcl-2+, where the centre and periphery were bcl-2+. The I and IV type corresponds to lymphoma, II type is non-neoplastic immune response and III type suggest reactive follicular hyperplasia. The proliferation of lymphocytes which demonstrated the expression of neoplastic markers (I and IV), suggests preneoplastic phase (pseudolymphoma) or lymphoma - the second independent tumour. A high proliferative index of the follicular blc-2+/- follicular infiltration indicates an increased immunological response of the host against skin cancer.
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Kapfhammer, A., T. Winkens, T. Lesser, A. Reissig, M. Steinert, and M. Freesmeyer. "Enhancing 18F-FDG-PET/CT analysis in lung cancer patients." Nuklearmedizin 54, no. 06 (2015): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0763-15-08.
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SummaryAim: To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and value of CT-CT image fusion to assess the shift of peripheral lung cancers with/-out chest wall infiltration, comparing computed tomography acquisitions in shallow-breathing (SB-CT) and deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH-CT) in patients undergoing FDG-PET/ CT for lung cancer staging. Methods: Image fusion of SB-CT and DIBH-CT was performed with a multimodal workstation used for nuclear medicine fusion imaging. The distance of intrathoracic landmarks and the positional shift of tumours were measured using semitransparent overlay of both CT series. Statistical analyses were adjusted for confounders of tumour infiltration. Cutoff levels were calculated for prediction of no-/infiltration. Results: Lateral pleural recessus and diaphragm showed the largest respiratory excursions. Infiltrating lung cancers showed more limited respiratory shifts than non-infiltrating tumours. A large respiratory tumour-motility accurately predicted non-infiltration. However, the tumour shifts were limited and variable, limiting the accuracy of prediction. Conclusion: This pilot fusion study proved feasible and allowed a simple analysis of the respiratory shifts of peripheral lung tumours using CT-CT image fusion in a PET/CT setting. The calculated cutoffs were useful in predicting the exclusion of chest wall infiltration but did not accurately predict tumour infiltration. This method can provide additional qualitative information in patients with lung cancers with contact to the chest wall but unclear CT evidence of infiltration undergoing PET/CT without the need of additional investigations. Considering the small sample size investigated, further studies are necessary to verify the obtained results.
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Shi, Wei, Xincheng Yu, Pengchao Zhang, Zhenguo Shang, Kunpeng Yao, and Yingshui Yu. "Contact and Infiltration Behavior of Al Melt and Al-B4C Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (June 29, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6346926.
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In the present study, the authors used sessile drop method to simulate the contacting and infiltration behavior between Al melt and Al–B4C composite. In order to track the penetration distance of the metal melt infiltrate into the Al-B4C composite matrix when the infiltration is not obvious, element Si was added into the metal melt as the tracer agent. The Al-10%Si melt was dropped onto the Al-B4C composite substrate at 913K. The changes of droplet bottom size, height, and contact angle during the spreading and penetration with Al-B4C composite substrate surface are investigated by infiltration experiment equipment. The process of the droplet infiltrating into the Al-B4C composite can be divided into two stages: (a) a slow infiltration stage that the contact angle changes slowly; (b) a quick infiltration stage with the rapidly-changed contact angle. The content of B4C and the pores in the composite plays an important role on the infiltration of the droplet. The higher the density, the easier the infiltration proceeds.
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Han, Dae Geun, Chi Bum Ahn, Ji-Hyun Lee, Yongsung Hwang, Joo Hyun Kim, Kook Yang Park, Jin Woo Lee, and Kuk Hui Son. "Optimization of Electrospun Poly(caprolactone) Fiber Diameter for Vascular Scaffolds to Maximize Smooth Muscle Cell Infiltration and Phenotype Modulation." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040643.
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Due to the morphological resemblance between the electrospun nanofibers and extracellular matrix (ECM), electrospun fibers have been widely used to fabricate scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Relationships between scaffold morphologies and cells are cell type dependent. In this study, we sought to determine an optimum electrospun fiber diameter for human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) regeneration in vascular scaffolds. Scaffolds were produced using poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fiber diameters of 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 2.5, 5, 7 or 10 μm, and VSMC survivals, proliferations, infiltrations, and phenotypes were recorded after culturing cells on these scaffolds for one, four, seven, or 10 days. VSMC phenotypes and macrophage infiltrations into scaffolds were evaluated by implanting scaffolds subcutaneously in a mouse for seven, 14, or 28 days. We found that human VSMC survival was not dependent on the electrospun fiber diameter. In summary, increasing fiber diameter reduced VSMC proliferation, increased VSMC infiltration and increased macrophage infiltration and activation. Our results indicate that electrospun PCL fiber diameters of 7 or 10 µm are optimum in terms of VSMC infiltration and macrophage infiltration and activation, albeit at the expense of VSMC proliferation.
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BOPPANA, D. K. V., S. K. WIKEL, D. G. RAJ, M. B. MANOHAR, and J. LALITHA. "Cellular infiltration at skin lesions and draining lymph nodes of sheep infested with adultHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumticks." Parasitology 131, no. 5 (July 15, 2005): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005008243.
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Immunohistochemical analysis of skin and draining lymph nodes of sheep repeatedly infested with the ixodid tickHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumwere studied for different antigen-presenting cells and lymphocyte subpopulations. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes adjacent to the tick bite site were observed. Skin biopsies showed significant increases in dermal infiltration of CD8+and γδ+T cells at 72 h and 8 days after both primary and secondary infestation. Infiltrations of MHC-II DR/DQ decreased at 72 h after tick infestation, whereas significant increases were recorded for 8-day skin biopsies. CD1+cellular infiltrations were observed during secondary infestations at the dermis. Decreased ratios of CD4[ratio ]CD8 T cells and MHC-II[ratio ]CD1 antigen-presenting cells were observed in both infestations compared to healthy skin biopsies. Ratios of αβ[ratio ]γδ T cells increased gradually during infestation compared to uninfested skin. The regional lymph nodes from tick-infested sheep showed an increased CD8+, γδ+T and CD1+cellular infiltration compared to control lymph nodes. CD4+T cells were decreased. There were no significant changes in CD45R+cellular infiltration either at skin lesions or regional lymph nodes.
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Ishchenko, A. I., A. A. Ishchenko, D. V. Bryunin, E. G. Malyuta, I. D. Khokhlova, T. A. Dzhibladze, O. Yu Gorbenko, I. V. Gadaeva, A. Asambaeva, and D. V. Baburin. "Infiltrative scar endometriosis after delivery operations." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 22, no. 2 (2023): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2023-2-138-141.
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This article presents two clinical cases of infiltrative scar endometriosis after cesarean delivery and episiotomy at spontaneous vaginal delivery. The infiltrative form of post-operative scar endometriosis is an indication for surgical treatment, presenting a complicated surgical challenge due to the extent of infiltration and involvement of the surrounding tissues. The restoration of the infiltration area also poses certain difficulties. For this purpose, mesh implants are used to help replace and reconstruct the tissues of the anterior abdominal wall and therefore reduce the risk of post-operative hernia formation. Key words: infiltrative scar endometriosis, diagnosis, surgical treatment, mesh implant
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McDougall, J. R., and I. C. Pyrah. "Simulating transient infiltration in unsaturated soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-059.
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Transient responses to various infiltration events have been examined using an unsaturated flow model. Numerical simulations reveal a range of infiltration patterns which can be related to the ratio of infiltration rate to unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. A high value of this ratio reflects a prevailing hydraulic conductivity which cannot readily redistribute the newly infiltrated moisture. Moisture accumulates in the near-surface region before advancing down through the soil as a distinct wetting front. In contrast, low values of the ratio of rainfall to unsaturated hydraulic conductivity show minimal moisture accumulation, as the relatively small volumes of infiltrating moisture are readily redistributed through the soil profile.Key words: numerical modelling, infiltration, unsaturated soil, soil suction, groundwater.
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Lentz, Lene Wacher. "Politiets infiltration på digitale platforme – set i et menneskeretligt perspektiv." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 106, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 128–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v106i2.124773.
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AbstractIn the physical wodd, police 'infiltration' traditionally refers to investigations in which incognito police officers blend in with, for example, guests in bars and restaurants for the purpose of eavesdropping. So far, traditional infiltration has not been subject to regulation in Denmark as this has not been deemed legally necessary. A number of novel legal problems present themselves, however, in relation to police infiltration of the digital world. In this context, undercover police officers gain access to closed, private forums on the Internet. The current article argues that police infiltration of digital platforms risks violating the right to private life and private communication under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and argues that a tighter legal regulation be enacted in this area. These considerations on infiltration may also be relevant to matters of criminalprocedure in, inter alia, Norway and Sweden, as police infiltrations in these neighboring countries also take place without specific statutory regulation.
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Hołówko, Bartosz, Jakub Karczewski, Sebastian Molin, and Piotr Jasiński. "Preparation of Hydrogen Electrodes of Solid Oxide Cells by Infiltration: Effects of the Preparation Procedure on the Resulting Microstructure." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010131.
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In this work, the infiltration technique was used to produce hydrogen electrodes for solid oxide cells. Different infiltration methodologies were tested in order to try to shorten the infiltration cycle time. The porous scaffolds used for infiltration were based on highly porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) obtained by etching the reduced nickel from the Ni-YSZ cermet in HNO3 acid. The support had a complex structure which included a ~130 µm porous functional layer with small pores and a ~320 µm thick supporting layer with large pores. Infiltrations have been carried out using aqueous nickel nitrate solutions. Various infiltration procedures were used, differing in temperature/time profiles. The results show that slow evaporation is crucial for obtaining a homogeneous material distribution leading to high-quality samples. A longer evaporation time promotes the proper distribution of nickel throughout the porous scaffold. The shortening of the heat treatment procedure leads to blockage of the pores and not-uniform nickel distribution.
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Champeyrache, Clotilde. "Mafia et économie légale : typologie des marchés infiltrés." Économie appliquée 65, no. 3 (2012): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2012.3609.
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This paper deals with the infiltration of legal markets by the Mafia. It aims at establishing a typology of the legal markets mostly targeted by the mafia. It means taking interest in the genuine motivations for the infiltration of the mafia and identifying the markets whose characteristics best fit these motivations. Then, the paper focuses on the most emblematic type of infiltrated market : public markets with tender. It explains the stakes of infiltrating such markets but also the negative impact of the infiltration for the local economy.
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Ben Aissa, R., S. Boussaid, H. Tbini, H. Sahli, S. Jemmali, S. Rekik, and M. El Euch. "POS0155-HPR DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING RELAXATION TECHNIQUE TO DECREASE ANXIETY DURING JOINT INFILTRATION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 290.2–291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2861.
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Background:Joint infiltration is the injection of therapeutic substances directly into a joint. It may be a stressful experience for patients as imagined different from other usual injections. Several techniques are used to manage anxiety and pain during such a procedure.Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation on reducing anxiety and pain during joint infiltration.Methods:Patients scheduled for a joint infiltration at the rheumatology department’s daycare unit were recruited. All infiltrations were performed using steroids without anesthetic therapy except for the hip. Patients were randomized into two groups (cases=38, controls=34). Cases learned from a trained health agent diaphragmatic breathing relaxation technique to perform it immediately before and during the procedure while controls received the usual procedure. We used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess self-estimated both anxiety (VAS-Anx) and pain (VAS-Pain) as evaluated on pre and post-joint infiltration. VAS-Pain was evaluated as expected then as experienced respectively on pre and post-infiltration. We also assessed heart rate and blood pressure on pre and post-procedure.Results:Seventy-two participants were included with a mean age of 55.48 ± 12.39 years (39-78), treated for an inflammatory rheumatic or degenerative disease (21, 51 respectively), and receiving joint infiltration for the first time among 37. Sites of infiltrations were: wrist=7, elbow=10, shoulder=17, hip=1, knee=22, epidural=6, plantar heel=9. There were no significant differences in pre-proceduralVAS-Anx, VAS-pain, or physiological parameters between cases and controls. Cases had a significant decrease in VAS-Anx from pre to post-infiltration (Mean post-VAS-Anx=23.33/100, p=0,017) but not significant compared with controls (p=0.297). Patients who have performed the breathing technique had no significant decrease in VAS-Pain from pre- to post-infiltration (p=0.083) and compared with controls (p=0.662). Physiological parameters showed a significant decrease in heart rate of cases from pre to post-infiltration (p<0,0001) and compared with controls (p=0,036), but no significant decrease in systolic or diastolic blood pressure from pre to post-infiltration and compared with controls. There were no correlations between all participants’ VAS-Anx/VAS-Pain and age, gender, infiltration site or history and joint pain causes.Conclusion:This study suggests that diaphragmatic breathing relaxation is an effective nonpharmacological intervention that could be used in controlling anxiety and experienced pain during joint infiltration.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Kamoi, Koju, and Kyoko Ohno-Matsui. "Intraocular Infiltration." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 102, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0539.
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Fogg, Christiana N. "Infiltration inhibition." Science 359, no. 6383 (March 29, 2018): 1480.18–1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.359.6383.1480-r.
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Korabel, Nickolay, and Eli Barkai. "Anomalous infiltration." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2011, no. 05 (May 25, 2011): P05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2011/05/p05022.
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Kliman, Harvey J. "Trophoblast infiltration." Reproductive Medicine Review 3, no. 2 (July 1994): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900000831.
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Sexual reproduction in the ocean necessitates only the combination of gametes, followed by absorption of nutrients and oxygen from the surrounding watery medium. As life moved from the sea to the land, reproductive strategies required compensation for the loss of this aquatic environment. For the mammals, and scattered other animals, the solution to this problem was the development of the placenta, the means by which the fetus extracts nutrients from its environment. As the animals that utilized the placenta evolved from small rodent-like creatures with short gestations to larger animals with prolonged gestations, the demands of the developing fetus grew. Whereas the placenta of the fetal pig, with a gestational period of a little less than four months, can extract sufficient nutrients from the mother by simple diffusion across the uterus to the placenta, the human fetus needs a far more complex uteroplacental relationship.
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&NA;. "54. INFILTRATION." Journal of Infusion Nursing 29, Supplement (January 2006): S59—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129804-200601001-00059.
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Todenhagen, Christian. "Semantic Infiltration." American Speech 62, no. 2 (1987): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455282.
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Wirth, Thomas, Farizan Ahmad, Agnieszka Pacholska, Haritha Samaranayake, and Seppo Ylä-Herttuala. "The Syngeneic BT4C Rat Malignant Glioma is a Valuable Model to study Myelomonocytic cells in Tumors." Cancer Growth and Metastasis 5 (January 2012): CGM.S9314. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cgm.s9314.
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Background The impact of infiltrating macrophages on tumor progression in malignant gliomas has been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of animal models for studying the role of infiltrating macrophages in malignant gliomas. Material and methods: The BT4C rat malignant glioma model was characterized by immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory cell types associated with the tumors. Results BT4C malignant gliomas are highly vascularized tumors with an infiltrative behavior. BT4C gliomas demonstrated a high infiltration rate of macrophages. Particularly, a CD68/VEGFR-1 positive subtype of macrophages was detected at the edges of malignant gliomas. Also, CD133 positive cells were located mainly at the infiltrative edges of gliomas, whereas VEGFR-2 was highly expressed throughout the malignant glioma. Conclusion The immunocompetent BT4C rat malignant glioma model shows features similar to its human counterpart, which makes it a valuable model to study the impact of tumor associated macrophages in the pathology of malignant gliomas.
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Slavković, Damjan, Zoran Kostić, Nikolina Milošević, Nemanja Rančić, Viktorija Dragojević-Simić, Dušica Stamenković, and Milijana Miljković. "Surgical wound infiltration by local anesthetic: Wound infiltration." Serbian Journal of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy 41, no. 7-8 (2019): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjait1908143s.
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Mollerup, M. "Philip’s infiltration equation for variable-head ponded infiltration." Journal of Hydrology 347, no. 1-2 (December 2007): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.015.
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Vennat, Elsa, Denis Aubry, and Michel Degrange. "Collagen Fiber Network Infiltration: Permeability and Capillary Infiltration." Transport in Porous Media 84, no. 3 (February 10, 2010): 717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9537-4.
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Kiser, Jackson William. "Quality improvement using new technology to assess and reduce FDG PET/CT radiotracer infiltrations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.30_suppl.313.
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313 Background: The reported aggregated PET/CT 18F-FDG radiotracer injection infiltration rate from 3 centers in 6 studies is 15.2% (425 infiltrations/2804 patients). Infiltrations can negatively affect cancer patient staging, therapy assessment, treatment planning, and can lead to unnecessary invasive procedures and patient radiation exposure. The radiotracer dose is essential to PET image quality and quantification. Efforts are made to ensure the exact dose administered is used to create the patient image; but, no measures ensure the administered dose completely enters the patient circulation. Our objective was to use new technology (Lara, Lucerno Dynamics) to assess our infiltration rate, determine potential causes, reduce our rate, and assess results sustainability. Methods: Our IRB determined the project did not meet the definition of research as defined by 45 CFR 46.102(d) and classified the initiative as “quality improvement”. In Phase 1, our PET/CT center monitored the injection process. Lara data were analyzed (SAS Enterprise Miner, v. 14.1 and v.9.4) and identified potential contributing factors. We then implemented a quality improvement plan to address these factors. In Phase 2 we remeasured our infiltration rate. After Phase 2, we assessed our rate over an extended period. Results: Lara added 30 seconds to patient imaging. In Phase 1, 263 injections were monitored, and 35 infiltrations were identified (13.3%). Five technologists’ rates ranged from 8%-19%. Patients less than 145lbs with non-antecubital fossa injection sites were highly associated with infiltrations. In Phase 2, 278 injections were monitored, and 8 infiltrations were identified (2.9%), a 78% decrease (p < 0.0001). The same technologists’ rates ranged from 0%-4%. Eight technologists performed the next 504 injections and six were infiltrated (1.2%). Conclusions: Our findings supported published PET/CT infiltration rates. Using new technology provided technologists with feedback on injections and lead to significant and sustainable improvements quickly, with minimal patient/procedure disruption. Infiltrations are a quality and safety issue. As a result, the injection process requires ongoing monitoring.
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Mahadevappa, Asha, Vanisri H. Raghavan, Sunila Ravishankar, and Gubbanna V. Manjunath. "Congenital Infiltrating Lipomatosis of the Face: A Case Report." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/134646.
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Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face is a rare lesion that comprises a subgroup of lipomatous tumor-like lesions of infancy and childhood. It is characterized by (1) no encapsulation, (2) diffuse infiltration of mature adipose tissue over normal muscle fiber and surrounding structures of face, (3) osseous hyperplasia of subjacent bone, and (4) a high recurrence rate. We report a case of a nine-month-old infant who presented with swelling over right face since birth. Early diagnosis of this lesion provides better surgical approach to control the infiltrative nature of its growth with recurrence and aesthetic appearance.
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Kiser, Jackson W., Thad Benefield, Ronald K. Lattanze, Kelley A. Ryan, and James Crowley. "Assessing and Reducing Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Radiotracer Infiltrations: Lessons in Quality Improvement and Sustainability." JCO Oncology Practice 16, no. 7 (July 2020): e636-e640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.19.00302.
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PURPOSE: Accurate administration of radiotracer dose is essential to positron emission tomography (PET) image quality and quantification. Misadministration (infiltration) of the dose can affect PET/computed tomography results and lead to unnecessary or inappropriate treatments and procedures. Quality control efforts ensure accuracy of the administered dose; however, they fail to ensure complete delivery of the dose into the patient’s circulation. We used new technology to assess and improve infiltration rates and evaluate sustainability. METHODS: Injection quality was measured, improved, and sustained during our participation in a multicenter quality improvement project using Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control methodology. Five technologists monitored injection quality in the Measure and Improve phases. After seven new technologists joined the team in the Control phase, infiltration rates were recalculated, controlling for technologist- and patient-level correlations, and comparisons were made between these two groups of technologists. RESULTS: In the Measure phase, five technologists monitored 263 injections (13.3% infiltration rate). Nonantecubital fossa injections had a higher probability of infiltration than antecubital fossa injections. After implementing a quality improvement plan (QIP), the same technologists monitored 278 injections in the Improve phase (2.9% infiltration rate). The 78% decrease in infiltration rate was significant ( P < .001) as was the decrease in nonantecubital fossa infiltrations ( P = .0025). In the Control phase, 12 technologists monitored 1,240 injections (3.1% infiltration rate). The seven new technologists had significantly higher rates of infiltration ( P = .017). CONCLUSION: A QIP can significantly improve and sustain injection quality; however, ongoing monitoring is needed as new technologists join the team.
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Zhou, Ji Ming, Xue Hua Gu, Fang Yang, and Le Hua Qi. "Measuring Threshold Pressure of Melt Magnesium Infiltrating into Al2O3sf Porous Preform with Fast Method." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1609.
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Threshold pressure is a very important parameter for melt alloy successfully infiltrating into the porous preform. However, the precise measurement for threshold pressure is very difficult for the reason that infiltration process is undertaken very fast under extreme elevated temperature and high pressure without effective measuring devices to monitor it. A totally new measuring device was proposed and fabricated, which can be used to monitor the infiltration process “visually” and measure the threshold pressure directly at the same time. The infiltration speed can be controlled by adjusting the gas flow speed. The infiltration behavior of melt AZ91D alloy in Al2O3sf preform was researched at temperature of 800°C and pressure of 0.6 MPa. The optimized gas velocity was controlled at 25L/min. The degree of vacuum of the infiltration cavity was set 30kPa in experiments. The volume fraction of Al2O3sf was 10%. Under these conditions, the threshold pressure of melt AZ91D alloy into porous Al2O3sf preform was found to be related with vacuum degree in infiltration chamber, and it was about 30 kPa
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Freire, Javier, Pilar García-Berbel, Belén Caramelo, Lucía García-Berbel, Victor J. Ovejero, Nuria Cadenas, Ainara Azueta, and Javier Gómez-Román. "Usefulness of COL11A1 as a Prognostic Marker of Tumor Infiltration." Biomedicines 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2023): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092496.
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Background: Determining the infiltration of carcinomas is essential for the proper follow-up and treatment of cancer patients. However, it continues to be a diagnostic challenge for pathologists in multiple types of tumors. In previous studies (carried out in surgical specimens), the protein COL11A1 has been postulated as an infiltration marker mainly expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that a differential expression of COL11A1 may exist in the peritumoral stroma of tumors that have acquired infiltrating properties and that it may be detected in the small biopsies usually available in normal clinical practice. Material and methods: In our study, we performed immunohistochemical staining in more than 350 invasive and noninvasive small samples obtained via core needle biopsy (CNB), colonoscopy, or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) of breast, colorectal, bladder, and ovarian cancer. Results: Our results revealed that COL11A1 immunostaining had a sensitivity to classify the samples into infiltrative vs. noninfiltrative tumors of 94% (breast), 97% (colorectal), >90% (bladder), and 74% (ovarian); and a specificity of 97% (breast), 100% (colorectal), and >90% (bladder). In ovarian cancer, the negative predictive value (0.59) did not present improvement over the usual histopathological markers. In all samples tested, the cumulative sensitivity was 86% and the specificity 96% (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: COL11A1-positive immunostaining in small biopsies of breast, colon, bladder and ovarian cancer is an accurate predictive marker of tumor infiltration that can be easily implemented in daily clinical practice.
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Azubuike, Nkiruka C., and Obioma C. Ejiogu. "Nasal Secretion Cytology of Children Attending a Primary School in Enugu Metropolis – A Preliminary Evaluation using the Blow-out Technique." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 4 (July 5, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.930.
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Nasal smear is a valid method used to distinguish inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytological picture and neutrophilic infiltration of nasal secretions of children from a primary school within Enugu metropolis in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study included 100 apparently normal pupils, 20 each from grade levels 1 to 5. The blow-out technique was used to obtain samples from the nasal cavity for smear preparation on slides. May-Grunwald-Giemsa was used to stain the smears for light microscopical examination. Smears were assessed for the presence of infiltrating inflammatory cells and a semi-quantitative grading of neutrophilic infiltration was conducted on each sample to indicate either absent, few, moderate or many. Mean age of participants is 6.25±0.44 years (range: 6–11 years). Results revealed that age and grade level of study had a strong association with the grade score of neutrophilic infiltration (p<0.05). Grade level 1 pupils, the youngest group (mean age: 6.25±0.44 years), had the highest abnormal cytological picture and neutrophilic infiltration while those in grade levels 3 to 5 who were older, were lower. There was no association between gender and neutrophilic infiltration. It can be concluded that significantly increased neutrophilic infiltration are obtained in the nasal secretions of younger schoolchildren below the age of 9 than the older pupils. This study also indicates that the blow-out method is a useful technique for obtaining nasal secretions for the assessment of infiltrating cells.
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Bai, Johnny Wei, Dong An, Anahi Perlas, and Vincent Chan. "Adjuncts to local anesthetic wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 45, no. 8 (May 30, 2020): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2020-101593.
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly infiltrated into surgical wounds for postsurgical analgesia. While many adjuncts to LA agents have been studied, it is unclear which adjuncts are most effective for co-infiltration to improve and prolong analgesia. We performed a systematic review on adjuncts (excluding epinephrine) to local infiltrative anesthesia to determine their analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing properties. Multiple databases were searched up to December 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two reviewers independently performed title/abstract screening and full-text review. Inclusion criteria were (1) adult surgical patients and (2) adjunct and LA agents infiltration into the surgical wound or subcutaneous tissue for postoperative analgesia. To focus on wound infiltration, studies on intra-articular, peri-tonsillar, or fascial plane infiltration were excluded. The primary outcome was reduction in postoperative opioid requirement. Secondary outcomes were time-to-first analgesic use, postoperative pain score, and any reported adverse effects. We screened 6670 citations, reviewed 126 full-text articles, and included 89 RCTs. Adjuncts included opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, alpha-2 agonists, ketamine, magnesium, neosaxitoxin, and methylene blue. Alpha-2 agonists have the most evidence to support their use as adjuncts to LA infiltration. Fentanyl, ketorolac, dexamethasone, magnesium and several other agents show potential as adjuncts but require more evidence. Most studies support the safety of these agents. Our findings suggest benefits of several adjuncts to local infiltrative anesthesia for postoperative analgesia. Further well-powered RCTs are needed to compare various infiltration regimens and agents.Protocol registrationPROSPERO (CRD42018103851) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=103851)
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Chae, Young Kwang, William Han Bae, Young Suk Kim, Jonathan Forrest Anker, Maria Matsangou, and Francis J. Giles. "Association of activated B-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment with regulatory T-cell (Treg) infiltration, but not macrophages polarization in immunogenic human cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e23174-e23174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23174.
Full textAbstract:
e23174 Background: We reported an inverse association between tumor-infiltrating B and CD8 T cells in human cancers. Preclinical studies suggested that B cells regulate T cell activities via activation of Treg cells and alternative polarization of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the relationship between B cell infiltration, Treg cell infiltration, and macrophage polarization in five human cancers approved for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors by the FDA. Methods: mRNA expression scores of 812 immune-related genes from the TCGA database were analyzed to calculate tumor infiltrating cells in 2951 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, skin melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Angelova et al., 2015). Expression patterns of Treg markers and M1/M2 phenotypic macrophage polarization markers were compared in relation to the presence of activated B cells (ActB) in human tumor tissues. Odds ratios (OR) of the numbers of tumors with versus without Treg cell infiltration by the presence of ActB cells were calculated. Results: Infiltration by ActB cells was significantly correlated with Treg cell infiltration in human cancers (OR=10.86, p<0.001). In lung adenocarcinoma, ActB cells also demonstrated a significant association with myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs, p<0.05). Tumors infiltrated by ActB cells had significantly elevated expressions of Treg markers and suppressive cytokines (Table), but not macrophage polarization markers. No significant changes in survival outcomes were noted. Conclusions: We report for the first time an association between B cells and Treg cells in human immunogenic cancer tissues. ActB cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was positively correlated to Treg cell infiltration, but not macrophages polarization in immunogenic human cancers. [Table: see text]