Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infiltration'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Infiltration.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Infiltration.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Persson, Andreas. "Infiltration of Waldheim." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1458.
Full textAbstract:
"Infiltration of Waldheim" är ett spel gjort av David Lindell (grafik), Andreas Persson (programmering) och Mathias Jönsson (ljud och musik). Målet vi hade med projektet var att ha en spelbar bana med minst en vapen typ samt fiender att eliminera, allt ackompanjerat med pampig musik och en massa ljudeffekter. Jag kommer i denna rapport beskriva arbetets gång samt reflektera över vad som har fungerat och vad som varit mindre bra under projektets gång. Mina planer för spelet var mest att lära mig mera om framförallt AI samt arbeta mera i 3d. Spelet ska mest vara för mig själv, men med lite putsning och mera innehåll eventuellt användas vid jobb ansökningar i framtiden.
2
Auger, John Michael. "Discrete games of infiltration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314935.
Full text
3
Bancole, Apolline. "L'oxydation en infiltration percolation." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20072.
Full text
4
Nilsson, Peter. "Infiltration of wastewater : an applied study on treatment of wastewater by soil infiltration /." Lund, Sweden : Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, 1990. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006106905&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
5
Zhang, Jie, and s3069216@student rmit edu au. "A laboratory scale study of infiltration from Pervious Pavements." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070125.164003.
Full textAbstract:
Increased urbanization causes pervious greenfields to be converted to impervious areas increasing stormwater runoff. Most of the urban floods occur because existing drainage systems are unable to handle peak flows during rainfall events. During a storm event, flood runoff will carry contaminants to receiving waters such as rivers and creeks. Engineers and scientists have combined their knowledge to introduce innovative thinking to manage the quality of urban runoff and harvest stormwater for productive purposes. The introduction of pervious pavements addresses all the principles in Water Sensitive Urban Design. A pervious pavement is a load bearing pavement structure that is permeable to water. The pervious layer sits on the top of a reservoir storage layer. Pervious pavements reduce the flood peak as well as improve the quality of stormwater at source before it is transported to receiving waters or reused productively. To be accepted as a viable solution, understanding of the influence of design parameters on the infiltration rate (both from the bedding and the sub-base) as well as strength of the pavement requires to be established. The design of a particular pavement will need to be customized for different properties of sub layer materials present in different sites. In addition, the designs will have to meet local government stormwater discharge standards. The design of drainage systems underneath pervious pavements will need to be based on the permeability of the whole pervious system. The objectives of the research project are to: Understand the factors influencing infiltration capacities and percolation rates through the pervious surface as well as the whole pavement structure including the bedding and the sub-base using a laboratory experimental setup. Obtain relationships between rainfall intensity, infiltration rate and runoff quantity based on the sub-grade material using a computational model to assist the design of pervious pavements. A laboratory scale pavement was constructed to develop relationships between the surface runoff and the infiltration volume from a pervious pavement with an Eco-Pavement surface. 2 to 5mm crushed gravel and 5 to 20mm open graded gravel were chosen as the bedding and sub-base material. Initial tests such as dry and wet density, crushing values, hydraulic conductivity, California Bearing Ratio tests for aggregate material were conducted before designing and constructing the pavement model. A rainfall simulator with evenly spaced 24 sprays was set up above the pervious pavement surface. The thesis presents design aspects of the laboratory scale pavement and the tests carried out in designing the pavement and the experimental procedure. The Green and Ampt model parameters to calculate infiltration were obtained from the laboratory test results from aggregate properties. Runoff results obtained from rainfall simulator tests were compared with the Green and Ampt infiltration model results to demonstrate that the Green and Ampt parameters could be successfully calculated from aggregate properties. The final infiltration rate and the cumulative infiltration volume of water were independent of the rainfall intensity once the surface is saturated. The model parameters were shown to be insensitive to the final infiltration capacity and to the total amount of infiltrated water. The Green and Ampt infiltration parameters are the most important parameters in designing pervious pavements using the PCSWMMPP model. The PCSWMMPP model is a Canadian model built specially for designing pervious pavements. This is independent of the type of sub-grade (sand or clay) determining whether the water is diverted to the urban drainage system (clay sub-grade) or deep percolation into the groundwater system (sand sub-grade). The percolation parameter in Darcy's law is important only if the infiltrated water recharges the groundwater. However, this parameter is also insensitive to the final discharge through the subgrade to the groundwater. The study concludes by presenting the design characteristics influencing runoff from a pervious pavement depending on the rainfall intensity, pavement structure and sub-grade material and a step-by step actions to follow in the design.
6
Barrett, Gary Edward. "Infiltration in water repellent soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28618.
Full textAbstract:
Observations made at Goat Meadows - a small sub-alpine basin located near Pemberton, British Columbia -demonstrated that a layer which is either water repellent or has only a limited affinity for water is present at most vegetated sites. The layer is typically a few centimetres in thickness, and is usually located at or near the top of the profile: it was present only in the zone of accumulation of organic matter. The spatial distribution of the layer did not appear to be related to the distribution of any particular species of plant. Sampling of sub-alpine sites in the Cascade, Selkirk, and Purcell Mountains indicated that such layers are common in the alpine - sub-alpine ecotone of southern British Columbia.
The relationship between ponding depth and infiltration rate was explored through experiments conducted on samples collected near Ash Lake, in Goat Meadows. These samples were chosen for analysis because the repellent layer was in excess of thirty centimetres thick at this site. Infiltration rates remained below 2x10⁻⁹ m/s for all samples, even given ponding depths of up to forty centimetres. Breakthrough of liquid water was not observed, even after one month, which implies that most of the infiltration occurred as vapour transfer.
In order to observe the movement of liquid water through water repellent media, a plexiglas cell was constructed. A synthetic water repellent sand with uniform surface properties was used as the medium. It was found that up to some critical depth, there was no entry of water into the medium. As the ponding depth was increased in steps, the front would advance in steps: it remained stationary between these step-increases in ponding depth. As the front advanced, protuberances or "fingers" began to develop. At some critical ponding depth, a finger would grow without bound. These observations pose a challenge to existing models of infiltration, since it appears that heterogeneity at the scale of individual pores must be invoked to explain them, but it is usually assumed that the properties of a porous medium are continuous at this scale.
The thermodynamics of filling and emptying of pores is considered with emphasis on the effects of pore shape and of variations in the physicochemical properties at the scale of the pore. This thermodynamic analysis provides the conceptual basis for development of a model of infiltration in which pore-scale heterogeneity is preserved. Although it was not developed as such, the model follows the approach of cellular automata, in which local relations between pores or "cells" govern the behaviour of the system. The model replicated the observations of infiltration into synthetic water repellent porous media well: both the halting advance of the front as the ponding depth was increased and the development of fingers were simulated. The fact that such complex behaviour was predicted using only a simple set of physically based rules confirms the power of the approach.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
7
林紅 and Hung Lin. "Lymphocytic infiltration and nasopharyngeal carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209907.
Full text
8
Sommer, Jared Lee 1960. "Infiltration of deformable porous media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13101.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1992.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-188).
by Jared Lee Sommer.
Ph.D.
9
Fritz, Heiko. "Infiltration in teilweise gefrorene Böden." Master's thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-62293.
Full textAbstract:
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Doppelringinfiltrationsexperimente an teilweise gefrorenen Böden durchgeführt. Diese Experimente wurden anschließend mit den zwei computergestützten Modellen, Erosion 3D / Winter und COUP, nachgestellt, um die Frage zu beantworten, ob es möglich ist, die Infiltration in teilweise gefrorene Böden vorherzusagen.
Die Doppelringinfiltrationsexperimente wurden auf einem ackerbaulich genutzten Lehmboden mit geringer Lagerungsdichte und Bodenfeuchten im Bereich der Feldkapazität, an der nördlichen Grenze des hydrologischen Untersuchungsgebietes „Schäfertal“ durchgeführt. Drei Experimente erfolgten bei teilweise gefrorenen und ein Experiment bei ungefrorenem Boden.
Bei diesen Experimenten wurde herausgefunden, dass die Endinfiltrationsrate des gefrorenen Bodens mit 7·10-5 m/s gleich der Endinfiltrationsrate des ungefrorenen Bodens war. Während bei dem Infiltrationsexperiment mit ungefrorenem Boden die Endinfiltrationsrate bereits nach 10 bis 20 min erreicht war, wurden bei den Experimenten mit gefrorenen Böden aufgrund der zusätzlichen Sättigung des kryoturbativen Sekundärporenvolumens mehr Zeit benötigt.
Zu den im Boden ablaufenden Prozessen bei Zugabe von Infiltrationswasser (Temperaturveränderung, Gefrier- und Auftauprozesse, Veränderung der Porosität) besteht noch Klärungsbedarf.
Der für die Modellierung wichtige Eingabeparameter der Anfangsbodenfeuchte konnte bei winterlichen Bedingungen nicht genau bestimmt werden. Gravimetrische Bodenfeuchtebestimmungen liefern aufgrund des Eintrags von zusätzlichen Eis- und Schnee-Wasser zu hohe Werte. TDR- und Watermark-Messungen unterschätzen hingegen die Bodenfeuchten, weil sie nur den Anteil des flüssigen Wassers berücksichtigen.
Mit Erosion 3D / Winter konnten die Ergebnisse der Infiltrationsexperimente, unter der Voraussetzung, dass die effektive gesättigte hydraulische Leitfähigkeit des ungefrorenen Bodens exakt bekannt war, sehr gut nachgestellt werden. Eine Modellierung der Infiltration in einen teilweise gefrorenen Boden ist damit, zumindest für den untersuchten Boden und die betrachteten meteorologischen Bedingungen, möglich.
Das COUP - Modell lieferte dagegen völlig andere Ergebnisse, weil von einem Einfrieren des infiltrierten Wassers bei negativen Temperaturen ausgegangen wird. Eine Verbesserung der Infiltrationsbeschreibungen könnte hier wahrscheinlich durch die Vorgabe einer größeren Anzahl von Eingabeparametern, die die natürliche Situation besser repräsentieren als die für die Modellierung verwendeten Daten, erfolgen.
10
Dopler, Thomas. "Low pressure infiltration process modeling." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0673.
Full textAbstract:
Les composites à matrice métallique, une matrice métalliquerenforcée par des fibres ou particlues céramiques, constituent un solution élegante pour obtenir des materiaux à propriétés mécaniques, de résistance à l'usure et à la fatigue exceptionnelles. Leurs applications sonts pour le moment limitées, moins à cause de leur coût, mais plutôt à cause des problème liés à la reproductibilité et à la dispertionde leurs propriétés. Le travail présent contribue au développement d'un code de simulation capable de prédire la cinétique d'infiltration pendant l'infiltration sous pression. Pour la première fois l'écoulement non saturé et le transfert de chaleur incluant la solidification sont traités d'une façon simultanée.
11
Schmitt, Alby. "Modélisation de l'épuration par infiltration." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20174.
Full textAbstract:
Une premiere approche de la modelisation de l'epuration par infiltration-percolation est proposee, basee sur l'etude des transferts de masse dans le massif filtrant. La description des transferts de substrat dans le biofilm permet d'apprehender les mecanismes d'epuration physico-chimique en condition d'oxydant non limitant (nitrification, denitrification). Une condition supplementaire sur le non colmatage du filtre complete cette modelisation dans le cas de l'oxydation de fortes dcio. Les experiences, conduites sur des colonnes ventilees artificiellement (oxydation de la dco, nitrification) ou realisees en milieu anoxique (denitrification) montrent des capacites epuratoires bien superieures aux resultats obtenus sur les dispositifs fonctionnant en aeration naturelle. Le calcul des bilans d'oxygene dans un massif filtrant aboutit a une modelisation simple de l'epuration physico-chimique sur massif filtrant non ventile artificiellement. Les charges polluantes maximales admissibles peuvent alors etre calculees pour une gestion hydraulique donnee. L'analyse statistique des abattements bacteriens releves dans la litterature rend compte de l'influence des parametres globaux de l'infiltration-percolation: temps de sejour de l'effluent dans le massif, repartition de l'effluent a la surface du filtre, niveau d'oxygenation et frequence des apports. Differentes lois d'abattement sont proposees et testees. L'utilisation de certaines lois en prediction peut etre envisagee
12
Lin, Hung. "Lymphocytic infiltration and nasopharyngeal carcinoma /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840956.
Full text
13
Burley, Brendon J. Srebric Jelena. "Infiltration mapping for urban environments." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4526/index.html.
Full text
14
Muscat, Daniel. "Titanium carbidealuminum composites by melt infiltration." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41230.
Full textAbstract:
Metal/ceramic composites have attracted considerable attention in the last 20 years, primarily due to the flexibility they offer when designing material with tailored properties. Melt infiltration is a popular fabricating method for such composites, as it allows the production of near-net shape components with high ceramic content. Capillaric melt infiltration is a simpler process since the liquid penetrates the preform under the action of a capillary pressure. This work deals with the fabrication and evaluation of a TiC/Al composite produced by melt infiltration. Pre-sintered preforms, having different void fraction and pore size, where infiltrated with pure Al, in an argon atmosphere, at various temperatures. The infiltration was carried out using the contact and the capillary dip methods to study the mechanical properties and infiltration behaviour, respectively.The material exhibited a wide range of properties, depending on the ceramic content. Optimum tensile strengths of up to 480MPa were obtained for composites containing between 67 and 75% TiC, and infiltrated at 1050-1200$ sp circ$C. The extent of pre-sintering of the TiC was seen to play a crucial role in the strengthening of the microstructure, as well as the fracture mechanism by which the material failed. The elastic modulus was seen to increase with increasing TiC content, from values of 120 to 290GPa. The hardness also increased with TiC content, to values as high as 800kg/mm$ sp2,$ but decreased with higher infiltration temperatures due to the breakdown of the TiC network and grain coarsening.
An experimental set-up was designed to measure the rate of infiltration by continually monitoring the weight changes of the preform as a result of the penetration of Al. Infiltration profiles were generated as a function of pore size, pore volume and temperature. At low temperatures, an incubation period was evident as a result of the transient contact angle between the two phases. Moreover, infiltration was inhibited at lower pore volume fraction. Finally, the Activation energy for the system increased from 90 to 450kJ/mol, with increasing pore size, suggesting a transition from a diffusion controlled process to one activated by a surface reaction for larger pore sizes.
15
Earl, Jonathan S. "Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Dentine Tubule Infiltration." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486394.
Full text
16
Zulfia, Anne. "Pressureless infiltration of aluminium matrix composites." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484253.
Full text
17
Ng, Man-chung, and 吳敏聰. "Water infiltration in unsaturated soil slope." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46599642.
Full text
18
Youssef, Zadeh Fard Mikail. "Infiltration of water in road shoulders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397017.
Full text
19
Essving, Per. "Local infiltration analgesia in knee arthroplasty." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-21412.
Full textAbstract:
Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a new technique for postoperative pain management following knee arthroplasty. LIA involves a long-acting local anesthetic (ropivacaine), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (ketorolac) and epinephrine infiltrated into the knee joint during surgery and injected postoperatively via a catheter. In the first two studies, LIA was compared with placebo in unicompartmental (I) and total (II) knee arthroplasty. Postoperative pain levels, morphine consumption and the incidence of side effects were lower in the LIA groups. In addition, we found a shorter length of hospital stay in the LIA group following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with placebo (I), while the time to home readiness was shorter in the LIA group following total knee arthroplasty (II). In this study, we found that the unbound venous blood concentration of ropivacaine was below systemic toxic blood concentrations in a sub-group of patients. In the third study, LIA was compared with intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain relief following total knee arthroplasty (III). Pain scores and morphine consumption were lower, length of hospital stay was shorter and patient satisfaction was higher in the LIA group. In the final study, we investigated the effect of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared with conventional surgery in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (IV). Both groups received LIA. We found no statistically significant differences in postoperative pain, morphine consumption, knee function, home readiness, hospital stay or patient satisfaction. In conclusion, LIA provided better postoperative pain relief and earlier mobilization than placebo, both in unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty. When compared to intrathecal morphine, LIA also resulted in improved postoperative pain relief and earlier mobilization. Minimally invasive surgery did not improve outcomes after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, when both groups received LIA.
20
Dooley, Sharon T. "Peripheral IV Infiltration and Extravasation Prevention." Mount St. Joseph University Dept. of Nursing / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=msjdn1619174321310464.
Full text
21
Pimental-Lopez, Jose. "Modeling two-dimensional infiltration from furrows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279977.
Full textAbstract:
Numerical simulations were performed to study two-dimensional infiltration from furrows. The simulations were carried out using the models SWMS_2D, HYDRUS-2D and HYDRUS-1D. The first model was used to evaluate the individual effect of soil and furrow parameters on cumulative infiltration and deep seepage. Cumulative infiltration was found to be more sensitive to saturated hydraulic conductivity, wetted perimeter and furrow spacing than the other parameters for relatively long times, while cumulative deep seepage was more sensitive to the same parameters except to the furrow spacing. It was verified that two-dimensional cumulative infiltration can be approximated using one-dimensional models, for example HYDRUS-1D, by combining the vertical and horizontal infiltrations. The two-dimensional cumulative infiltration is underpredicted by no more than 35% using this calculation. When steady state is reached the steady infiltration rate may be linearly related to the depth of the furrow. As a result, steady infiltration rate is dependent only on type of soil, water depth in the furrow and furrow width. Broocks-Corey soil hydraulic parameters were matched to the van Genuchten parameters by four different procedures. The method based on matching sorptivities produced the closest results to the van Genuchten solution for one- and two-dimensional cumulative infiltration. However, cumulative deep seepage was not accurately simulated. The SCS infiltration parameters were also matched but using an inverse problem methodology. The parameters obtained described cumulative infiltration reasonably well.
22
Sypherd, Shane Dirk. "Effects of Infiltration Temperature, Time, and Gas Flow Rate on Material Properties of Carbon Infiltration Carbon Nanotubes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7733.
Full textAbstract:
This work characterizes the material properties of carbon infiltrated carbon nanotube (CI- CNT) structures. The impacts of temperature, time, and hydrogen flow rates on the material prop- erties of modulus of elasticity and strength are examined and compared. Carbon infiltration levels are assessed through the use of SEM images to determine which parameters give the highest level of infiltration. Through the use of SEM, carbon capping is observed on samples infiltrated for longer times at 900 and 950◦ C, suggesting that the samples are not being infiltrated during the entire desired infiltration period at these temperatures. The highest material properties of modulus and strength were reached when infiltrating the carbon nanotube forests for 150 mins at 850◦ C with hydrogen flowing at 311 sccm (0.0115 m/s). With these parameters, a modulus of 20.4 GPa and strength of 289.8 MPa were attained. The poorest results were seen when the samples were infiltrated at 800◦ C, and is therefore not recommended as an infiltration temperature if high mod- ulus and strength are desired. Density is correlated to strength and modulus and it is seen that there is a strong correlation between higher strength and modulus with higher density.
23
Nelson, Stephen Swanson. "Performance evaluation of cold weather infiltration facilities." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/s_nelson_082906.pdf.
Full text
24
Grohn, Manfred. "Feingegossene Metallschwämme als Preform zur schmelzflüssigen Infiltration /." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014191712&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
25
Thuresson, Jenny, and Mathilda Davidsson. "Moneo: Säkert varningssystem för detektering vid infiltration." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15255.
Full textAbstract:
I Sverige drabbas varje år mer än 150 barn av allvarliga skador under infusionsbehandling. I nära samarbete med Hallands sjukhus Halmstad och har ett varningssystem utvecklats för att detektera infiltration under infusionsbehandling. Detta är en produkt som efterfrågats i 30 år av barnläkaren och idéskaparen till projektet, Kent-Åke Henricson. Infiltration är en medicinsk term som beskriver när infusionsvätska läcker ut i omgivande vävnad runt blodvenen. Beroende på vilket läkemedel som infiltrerats kan skadans allvarlighetsgrad variera från en lätt hudreaktion till allvarlig nekros. Vid en allvarlig infiltration förlängs vårdtiden vilket blir kostsamt för sjukhusen. Moneo underlättar arbetet för sjukvårdspersonal likaså ger det barn en trygg och säker behandling. Idag görs rutinkontroller av sjuksköterska upp till varannan timme på droppets insticksställe, vilket är både tidskrävande och störande för patienten. Produkten fungerar som ett kompletterande stöd vid behandling och är anpassad för att användas med befintlig infusionsutrustning. Barn är aktiva patienter och produkten är utformad för att tillåta fysiska rörelser och genom sin lätta vikt och smarta konstruktion är produkten bekväm för patienten och enkel att integrera i sjukvårdspersonalens rutiner. Projektgruppen är stolt och nöjd över att presentera sitt examensarbete Moneo, som resulterat i en produkt som ger säkrare vård och förhindrar onödigt lidande för barn. Ingen patient ska behöva skadas i vården, det är en grundprincip för all vårdverksamhet.Each year more than 150 children suffer from severe injuries during IV infusion therapy in Sweden. In close cooperation with Hallands sjukhus Halmstad, a new warning system has been developed for detection of infiltration during IV infusion. For more than 30 years this kind of product has been requested from pediatrician and innovator Kent- Åke Henricson. Infiltration is a medical term used to describe when you infuse medical drugs into the surrounding tissue instead of into the vein. Depending on the type of medicine that has been infiltrated, the severity of the injury varies from light skin reaction to severe necrosis. A severe infiltration leads to extended hospital stays for the patient, which can be costly for the hospital. Today a nurse does regular checkups every two hours at the puncture site in order to insure that the medicine is being delivered properly. This is very time consuming for medical staff, as well as, annoying for the patient. Our product will function as an additional safe guard during infusion therapy and is adapted to be used with existing infusion devices. Moneo allows for easier monitoring by medical staff while giving children a more safe treatment. Children are active patients and Moneo’s light weight and smart design allows for physical movement and comfort of the patient. It is also easily integrated into the existing procedures and routines of the medical professionals. The project group is proud and happy to present their final thesis, Moneo, which has resulted in a product that can eliminate unnecessary suffering in the children receiving IV infusion therapy thereby providing a more safe treatment option. It is a basic medical principle that no patient should suffer negative side effects of a medical procedure. Moneo can be used to avoid these kinds of concerns.
26
Jackson, Christopher Bryan. "Liquid metal infiltration of fibrous ceramic preforms." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393792.
Full text
27
Watkins, David Christopher. "The hydraulic design of infiltration drainage systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249074.
Full text
28
Prabhakar, Vinay Kumar 1977. "Transient liquid-phase infiltration of aluminum alloys." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89894.
Full text
29
Thaemert, David Karl 1967. "Kostiakov infiltration functions for level furrow design." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277841.
Full textAbstract:
More efficient water application is generally achieved when the design parameters match actual field conditions. On four sites, Kostiakov infiltration functions were derived from cylinder and blocked furrow infiltrometers and SCS (Soil Conservation Service) intake families according to soil type. An infiltration function was also developed using a hydrodynamic computer model to adjust equation parameters to fit field data. Computer simulations of level furrow irrigation, using each Kostiakov infiltration function, were compared to actual field data. Excluding those functions fit to the field data, Kostiakov infiltration functions obtained from blocked furrow infiltrometers generally provided the most consistent input for level furrow irrigation design and evaluation.
30
HEBERT, NATHALIE. "Hematome epidural apres infiltration epidurale ou intradurale." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA062044.
Full text
31
DeBusk, Kathy Marie. "Stormwater Treatment by Two Retrofit Infiltration Practices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32757.
Full textAbstract:
Increases in impervious surfaces associated with urbanization change stream
hydrology by increasing peak flow rates, storm-flow volumes and flood frequency, and
degrade water quality through increases in sediment, nutrient, and bacteria
concentrations. In response to water quality and quantity issues within the Stroubles
Creek watershed, the Town of Blacksburg and Virginia Tech designed and constructed
two innovative stormwater best management practices (BMPs). The goal of this project
was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bioretention cell and a CU-Structural Soilâ ¢
infiltration trench. BMP construction was completed in July 2007. Twenty-nine
precipitation events were monitored over a period of five months between October 2007
and March 2008. For each storm, inflow and outflow composite samples were collected
for each BMP and analyzed for suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus,
fecal coliform bacteria and E-coli bacteria. The inflow and outflow concentrations and
loads, as well as total inflow and outflow volumes and peak flow rates, were then
compared to evaluate how well each BMP reduces stormwater flows, decrease peak
runoff rates and improves water quality of stormwater runoff. Results for the bioretention
cell indicate average reductions in stormwater quantity, sediment, total nitrogen, total
phosphorus and fecal coliform bacteria that exceeded 99% by mass. The CU-Structural
Soilâ ¢ infiltration trench produced reductions in stormwater quantity, total phosphorus
and sediment that averaged 60%, 45% and 51%, respectively. Preliminary bacteria
results indicated that both BMPs served as sources of E-coli, and the infiltration trench
served as a source of fecal coliform bacteria.Master of Science
32
Randolph, Brian Walter. "Reliability approach to infiltration into an embankment /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148759996359027.
Full text
33
Proton, Antoine. "Etude hydraulique des tranchées de rétention / infiltration." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Les tranchées de rétention / infiltration sont utilisées pour limiter les débits de ruissellement des eaux pluviales urbaines. Bien que techniquement et économiquement performants ces ouvrages sont sous-utilisés. Cette thèse vise à lever certains des obstacles à leur utilisation. L’étude du fonctionnement des tranchées expérimentales de rétention – allure des lignes d’eau et des hydrogrammes produits - a permis d’améliorer les connaissances sur le comportement hydraulique d’une tranchée munie de drains. Elle a en particulier montré que les tranchées remplies avec du matériau granulaire de forte porosité, galet 20-80, se comportaient sur le plan hydraulique plus comme des conduites de forte rugosité que comme des sols. Un autre résultat important est que les échanges d’eau entre les drains et le corps de la tranchée ne semblent pas limités par les fentes de diffusion. Ces connaissances nouvelles ont servi de base à la construction d’un modèle de simulation hydraulique des tranchées de rétention. Une procédure originale a ensuite été mise en place pour accélérer le vieillissement d’une tranchée d’infiltration. Cette procédure a permis d’observer la diminution des capacités d’infiltration de l’ouvrage pour une durée de fonctionnement équivalente à 6 ans. L’objectif de cette partie de la recherche était d’améliorer les connaissances sur le vieillissement et le colmatage des tranchées. Cette étude a permis de montrer que le modèle de Bouwer représente bien le fonctionnement de la tranchée à différents stades de colmatage. Ces résultats ont permis de coupler le modèle de Bouwer avec le modèle de stockThe detention/infiltration trenches are used to limit the flows of urban stormwater. Although they are technically and economically efficient these hydraulic works remain underused. This PhD thesis aims at overcoming some of the obstacles to their use. The study of the way experimental detention trenches work (based on the aspect of water profiles and outflow hydrographs) has allowed to improve knowledge on the hydraulic behaviour of a trench supplied by french drains. It specifically showed that the trenches filled with granular material of strong porosity (gravel 20-80) behave the hydraulic level rather as a pipe with strong roughness than as a soil. Another important result is that water exchanges between the drains and the trench body do not seem to be limited by the diffusion slits. This new knowledge has been used as a basis to build a hydraulic model to simulate the detention trenches behaviour. An original method was then defined to accelerate the ageing of an infiltration trench. This method has made it possible to observe the reduction of the structure’s infiltration capacities for an equivalent operating time of 6 years. The objective of this part of the research was to improve knowledge on trenches ageing and clogging. These results made it possible to couple Bouwer’s model with the storage model
34
Nuzum, Frederick Micah. "Anesthetic Efficacy of a Labial plus Lingual Infiltration Compared to a Labial Infiltration using Articaine in Mandibular Anterior Teeth." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1251661819.
Full text
35
Smothers, Anna Elizabeth. "Anesthetic Efficacy of a Repeat Infiltration Injection of Articaine 20 Minutes Following a Primary Infiltration Injection in the Mandibular Teeth." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1317644674.
Full text
36
Dasgupta, Surajit. "Infiltration under two contrasting hydrologic scenarios in Texas." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2387.
Full textAbstract:
Investigation of infiltration provides insights about the flow of water and transport of contaminants through the vadose zone. Infiltration is governed by prevailing environmental conditions like soil characteristics, plant cover and geologic settings. The main objective was to study preferential flow dominated infiltration at two contrasting hydrologic settings in Texas. For the first study, artificial rainfall was simulated within a plot covered with juniper trees at a karst region of the Edwards Plateau and sub-surface flow was monitored using TDR probes. Sub-surface flow was simulated using HYDRUS-2D. Results demonstrated that sub-surface flow occurred in a tri-modal manner, consisting of flow in karst conduits, planar fractures in the limestone, and soil matrix. Both fracture and matrix flow responses increased with increase in rainfall intensity. During large rainfall events, water exchange was observed between the fractures and matrix. Dye studies indicated that fractures and juniper roots were primary pathways for preferential flow occurring within the plot. The model simulated flow characteristics like exchange processes and differentiated between preferential and conduit flow besides determining approximate van Genuchten parameters for each geologic unit.For the second study, tension infiltrometers were used to conduct infiltration experiments at six soil water pressures (?? = -0.2 to 0 m) in an agricultural field near College Station over a 21 month period. The aim was to determine steady infiltration rate, if, saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ksat, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(??) and unsaturated flux density ??(??). Moreover, the effect of varying disc diameters on steady state infiltration rates (if) was also studied. Results demonstrated that infiltration occurred in a bi-modal fashion consisting of preferential flow and matrix flow. Macropores and roots present in the soil resulted in gravity dominated flow at ?? = -0.05 to 0 m for all experiments. Statistical analysis suggested that the soil did not exhibit spatial variability within the plot and the five different disc diameters had no effect on if. Statistically significant differences in if were observed between 0.2 and 0.24 m disc diameters at saturation over the 21 month period. The if values illustrated strong temporal variations based on natural conditions over the 21 month period.
37
Gerhard, Jason Ian. "DNAPL infiltration, redistribution, and immobilization in porous media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65670.pdf.
Full text
38
Diamandis, Elie [Verfasser], and Irina [Akademischer Betreuer] Mader. "Metabolic microenvironment of the infiltration zone of glioma." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180285670/34.
Full text
39
San, Marchi Christopher William. "Processing of aluminum-nickel intermetallics by reactive infiltration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43369.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-111).
by Christopher William San Marchi.
Ph.D.
40
Yazdi, Sara Kazemi. "Stormwater detention and infiltration devices treating road runoff." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14714.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis compares four individual projects involving innovative approaches to the problems facing stormwater management in urban areas. The first study ‘The Glasgow Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) Management Project’ satisfies the first phase of the Glasgow Surface Water Management Project. The project showed also how SUDS can contribute to the overall catchment dynamics of cities. Detailed design and management guidelines were then drafted for selected representative demonstration areas. A combination of infiltration trenches or swales with ponds or underground storage were the most likely SUDS options for the majority of the demonstration areas. Soil contamination issues were considered when selecting SUDS because heavy metals such as lead and zinc can cause environmental health problems. During the second study, 103 sites within Edinburgh were identified to assess the applicability of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) being integrated into future development, regeneration and retrofitting plans. A practical SUDS Decision Support Model based on a matrix and weighting system, incorporating the Prevalence Rating Approach for SUDS Techniques (PRABT) has been developed. The aim of the third study was to assess constraints associated with the planning, design and operation of stormwater infiltration systems, the influence of aquatic plants on water quality and the overall water treatment potential. Runoff from a lightly trafficked road within The King’s Buildings campus, mixed with dog faeces was used to simulate the real life conditions. The experimental site comprising a silt trap, a below-ground detection tank and two infiltration ponds (one planted and one unplanted) was fed by road runoff. The last study examined whether multiple regression analysis and neural network models could be applied successfully for the indirect prediction of the runoff treatment performance with water quality indicator variables in an experimental storm water detention system rig. Five mature experimental storm water detention systems with different designs treating concentrated gully pot liquor were assessed in this study.
41
Auset, Vallejo Maria. "Approche des mécanismes de décontamination en infiltration percolation." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20019.
Full text
42
Manning, Charles Roger 1956. "Infiltration parameters for mathematical models of furrow irrigation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278286.
Full textAbstract:
The effort to improve furrow irrigation design and management by use of mathematical models is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining infiltration parameters that adequately describe the infiltration process in furrows. This difficulty is related to the effect on infiltration of the variability of wetted width of a furrow with depth. Detailed field measurements of twelve furrow irrigations were used to develop infiltration parameters based on three different assumptions regarding the variation of wetted width with depth. These infiltration parameters were used as input into a mathematical model of furrow irrigation, SRFR. Comparison of measured advance times, water surface elevations and volume of water infiltrated with these values computed by SRFR indicates that SRFR gives consistent results based on the input parameters.
43
Bokhoree, Chandradeo. "Mathematical modelling of microwave-enhanced chemical vapour infiltration." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35280.
Full textAbstract:
With their excellent high temperature mechanical, chemical and thermal properties, fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites have emerged as an important class of materials having a wide range of applications in various technological fields. Microwave Enhanced Chemical Vapour Infiltration (MECVI) has been recognized as a new process route because of its ability to conserve the reliability and durability of the precursor materials. The primary advantage of using microwaves is that they cause an inverse temperature profile to be formed that prevents entrapment of accessible porosity and greatly accelerates the process. However, to develop the MECVI process further, a complete understanding of the effects of the process parameters on the infiltration mechanism and processing time is necessary. Modelling efforts can offer an insight into the critical factors in this process and suggest ways to optimize processing. A 2-D mathematical model investigating the densification of SiCf/SiC composites by microwave enhanced Chemical Vapour Infiltration (CVI) under forced-flow of the gaseous reactants is presented.
44
Sundström, Martin. "Kartläggning av riskområden för inducerad infiltration i grundvattentäkter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388155.
Full textAbstract:
Uttag av grundvatten är viktigt då det förser nästan hälften av befolkningen i Sverige med dricksvatten. Vid uttag som leder till avsänkning av grundvattennivån kan en inträngning av organiskt material uppstå om det finns ett intilliggande ytvattendrag, ett fenomen som kallas inducerad infiltration. Nackdelarna vid den här typen av läckage från ytvatten är att det är svårt att kontrollerna och att det organiska materialet förbrukar syre, vilket i sin tur kan leda till att järn och mangan löses ut i grundvattenmagasinen. Omformningen från ytvatten till grundvatten går för fort och vattnet renas sämre med risken att också dricksvattenkvalitén försämras. I den här rapporten gjordes en kartläggning som markerade riskområden för inducerad infiltration i Sverige. Dessa områden visade sig finnas jämnt utspridda över hela landet. En närmare undersökning gjordes av mätserier från Gävleåsen och Vanåsen, två åsar som huserar grundvattentäkter. Vanåsen representerades endast av en mycket liten markering i kartläggningen men där visade sig en tydlig ökning av organisk halt och stora problem, medan Gävleåsen var mer synlig i kartan utan att ge något entydigt resultat av ökande halter. Slutsatsen är att där uppförande av vattentäkter planeras måste noggranna analyser utföras för att få en helhetsbild av området, intilliggande ytvattendrag och grundvattenflödets riktningar.The use of groundwater is important as it supplies almost half of the population in Sweden with drinking water. In the case of withdrawals that lead to a lowering of the groundwater level, an intrusion of organic material might occur if there is an adjacent surface watercourse, a phenomenon known as induced infiltration. The disadvantages of this type of leakage from surface water is that it is difficult to control and that the organic material consumes oxygen, which in turn can lead to iron and manganese being dissolved in the groundwater reservoirs. The transformation from surface water to groundwater goes too fast and the water isn’t filtered good enough with the risk that the quality of the drinking water also deteriorates. In this report, a mapping study was made to mark risk areas for induced infiltration in Sweden. These areas proved to be evenly distributed throughout the country. A closer examination was made of series of measurements from Gävleåsen and Vanåsen, two ridges with groundwater sewers. Vanåsen was only represented by a very small mark in the mapping, but there was a clear increase in organic content and major problems, while Gävleåsen was clearly visible in the map without giving any univocal result of increasing concentrations. The conclusion is that where construction of water sources is planned, detailed analyzes must be carried out in order to obtain an overall picture of the area, adjacent surface watercourses and the directions of the groundwater flow.
45
Masur, Lawrence Jay 1956. "Infiltration of fibrous preforms by a pure metal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14698.
Full text
46
Eränen, Ronja. "Vattenförsörjning i skärgården : Regnvatteninsamling och infiltration till grundvattenmagasin." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77210.
Full textAbstract:
Färskvatten är en naturresurs som alltmer hotas av antropogen påverkan och klimatförändringar. Idag försörjer kommunala dricksvattenverk majoriteten av Sveriges befolkning med dricksvatten producerat från yt- och grundvattentäkter. Pågående klimatförändringar medför utmaningar i att säkerställa en god dricksvattenförsörjning och innovativa lösningar undersöks ständigt. Regnvatteninsamling är en metod som använts långt tillbaka i tiden för att framställa dricksvatten. Dock har metoden under mänsklighetens modernare tid ansetts förlegad. I och med rådande problematik gällande vattenförsörjning i världen har regnvatteninsamling återvänt på många platser som icke-drickbar och drickbar vattenförsörjningskälla. Den här rapporten redovisar en studie av möjligheten att implementera regnvatteninsamling i två studieområden, studieområde A och B, på Muskö i Stockholmsskärgård. Syftet var att undersöka hur regnvatteninsamling på olika sätt kan bidra till att tillgodose vattenbehovet för framtida planerad bostadsbebyggelse på ön. I studieområde A undersöktes huruvida saltvatteninträngning till grundvattenmagasin förekom samt möjligheten till infiltration av insamlat regnvatten till grundvattenmagasin i syfte att förhindra saltvatteninträngning. I studieområde B undersöktes hur stora mängder vatten regnvatteninsamling från takytor teoretiskt skulle kunna bidra med till beräknat vattenbehov. Framtida klimat togs i åtanke och kvantiteten regn som i framtiden kommer falla i området bestämdes från två RCP, representative concentration pathways, klimatscenarion RCP4.5 och RCP8.5. RCP4.5 utgår från att koldioxidutsläppen kulminerar år 2040 medan RCP8.5 utgår från fortsatt höga koldioxidutsläpp. Beräkningar med antagande RCP4.5 påvisade att 117 000 m3 regnvatten per år teoretiskt kan insamlas från avrinningsområdet i studieområde A och ledas till grundvattenmagasinet för infiltration. Med antagande RCP8.5 anses maximalt 169 000 m3 regnvatten kunna insamlas till infiltration. Dock kunde konstateras att det med undersökta pumpflöden inte förekom saltvatteninträngning till akviferen och infiltration anses därför inte nödvändig i undersökt studieområde. Från takytor beräknades med RCP4.5 insamlat regnvatten kunna bidra med 8 % till vattenförbrukningen per hushåll, med RCP 8.3 beräknas regnvatten kunna bidra med 9 % av bedömd vattenförbrukning.
47
Qvick, Erika. "How can Inflow & Infiltration be effectively and sustainably managed? : MCA as a tool for decision support in planning Inflow & Infiltration." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299746.
Full textAbstract:
Inflow and infiltration (I/I) water in the sewer network originates from groundwater, precipitation, seawater as well as over-leakage from drinking water pipes. It is the proportion of water in the sewer system that is not wastewater and causes problems both at the treatment plant as well as in the sewer network. Through overflows, floods and bypassing at the treatment plant I/I causes discharges of wastewater to recipients and nature and thus have negative environmental effects. I/I also stand for an overload in the system which, in addition to environmental consequences, also has social, economic and technical consequences. Despite efforts to reduce and mitigate the effects of I/I water for a long time, the problem remains and a large proportion of all the wastewater in the network and the treatment plan still is I/I. Historically, and for many cases at present, there is little to no methodology for how the work with I/I water takes place and is prioritized in the municipalities and responsible water and sewerage organizations. Measures have instead been implemented with a reaction based approach, in other words when something has broken down or there is a failure in the system. A new discussion about I/I water has arisen in recent years due to new requirements from supervisory authorities. As there is not much follow-up or methodology around the work with I/I water, the process of developing a strategy to meet these new requirements for municipalities has shown to be difficult. In cases where analysis of measures against I/I water has been carried out, cost and effects in the treatment plant (i.e. the proportion of I/I water) have most often been used and dimensions other than economic have been left out of the analysis. As I/I water affects social and environmental factors to a great extent, this should be taken into greater account. In this work, a multi-criterion analysis has been performed in a case study where similar measures to reduce I/I water and its effects in two different areas have been analysed. The included measures were separation, lining, pipe bursting and installation of a stormwater cassette. The results of the case study show that measure A2 has the greatest positive effect. However, there are major uncertainties in the case study conducted and the results are not considered to be robust enough to be used. However, what has been important to include from the work is that by defining and using criteria from all sustainability dimensions, a comprehensive action choice analysis is created and that it is a structured approach to apply. Here, the importance of opening up for discussion within the municipality/organization is emphasized to achieve a coherent view of the prioritization of I/I water and to achieve efficient management. Problems and amounts of I/I water are complex issues and vary from place to place, and are strongly linked to local geohydrological and climate conditions and design of local sewage systems. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the planning of I/I water to use a workflow that is general and can be used, regardless of conditions, in a simple way where adjustments in accordance with local conditions are possible. This work has shown that multi-criteria analysis is a clear and adaptable tool for meeting the difficulties that exist.Tillskottsvatten härstammar från grundvatten, nederbörd samt havsvatten genom felaktiga anslutningar eller läckage i ledningsnätet samt från överläckage från dricksvattenledningar. Det är andelen av vatten i avloppsnätet som inte är spillvatten och orsakar, genom bräddning, översvämningar och förbiledning i reningsverket, utsläpp av avloppsvatten till recipienter och natur samt står för en överbelastning i systemet. Trots att man arbetat med att minska och lindra effekterna av tillskottsvatten under lång tid så kvarstår problemet och en stor andel av allt samlat vatten i ledningsnätet och som kommer till reningsverket är just tillskottsvatten. Historiskt, samt för många fall i nuläget, så existerar det lite till ingen metodik kring hur arbetet med tillskottsvatten sker i kommunerna och ansvariga VA-organisationer utan åtgärder har implementerats på måfå eller när något har gått sönder. En ny diskussion kring tillskottsvatten har uppstått de senaste åren på grund av uppkomna nya kravställningar från tillsynsmyndigheter. I och med att det inte finns mycket uppföljning eller metodik kring arbetet med tillskottsvatten så har processen med att ta fram en strategi för att möta dessa nya krav för kommuner ofta varit svår. I de fall som analys av åtgärder mot tillskottsvatten har utförts så har kostnad och effekter i reningsverket (det vill säga andel mängd tillskottsvatten) oftast används och andra dimensioner än ekonomiska har lämnats utanför analysen. Då tillskottsvatten påverkar sociala samt miljömässiga faktorer i hög grad bör detta tas större hänsyn till. I det här arbetet så har en multikriterieanalys utförts i en fallstudie där liknande åtgärder för att minska tillskottsvatten och dess effekter i olika områden har analyserats. De ingående åtgärderna var separering, infodring, rörspräckning samt anläggning av en dagvattenkassett. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att åtgärdsalternativ 2 har störst positiv effekt. Det finns dock stora osäkerheter i den fallstudie som utförts och resultatet anses inte vara tillräckligt robust för att användas. Det som dock har varit viktigt att ta med från arbetet är att genom att definiera och använda kriterier från alla hållbarhetsdimensioner skapas en heltäckande åtgärdsvalsanalys och att det är ett strukturerat arbetssätt att applicera. Här understryks vikten av att öppna upp för diskussion inom kommunen/organisationen för att nå en sammanhållen syn på prioriteringen av tillskottsvatten samt för att nå en effektiv hantering. Problem och mängder tillskottsvatten i olika ställen är komplext och starkt kopplat till lokala klimat och geohydrologiska förhållanden samt lokala avloppssystem. Därför är det viktigt för att samordna planeringen av tillskottsvatten att använda en arbetsgång som är generell och kan användas, oavsett förutsättningar, på ett enkelt sätt där justeringar i enlighet med lokala förutsättningar är möjligt. Det här arbetet har visat att multikriterieanalys är ett tydligt och anpassningsbart verktyg för att möta de svårigheter som finns.
48
Nguyen, Van Nghia. "Caractérisation de l'érosion des sols par le Jet Erosion Test." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0043/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le contrôle de la sûreté des ouvrages hydrauliques est l’une des grandes priorité dans le domaine du génie civil et de l’ingénierie hydraulique. Durant sa vie, un ouvrage est soumis à des sollicitations variables hydromécaniques, physicochimiques et climatiques qui contribuent à son éventuelle détérioration. Parmi les phénomènes qui en résultent, l’érosion des sols sous toutes ses formes représente un enjeu majeur à comprendre, maîtriser et empêcher. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’érosion des sols par le Jet Erosion Test. La première partie est consacrée à la description des dispositifs expérimentaux, surtout le Jet Erosion Test (JET) développé à l’Ecole Centrale Paris permettant de mesurer directement quelques paramètres d’érosion. A partir des résultats du JET, à l’aide d’une loi d’érosion empirique, nous déduisons la contrainte de cisaillement critique, le coefficient d’érosion, la profondeur d’érosion d’équilibre. La deuxième partie du travail est consacrée à l’étude de l’influence des paramètres de compactage sur l’infiltration de l’eau et la résistance du sol, en utilisant le pénétromètre. Dans les troisième et quatrième parties, nous étudions l’influence des propriétés géotechniques du sol et celle des paramètres d’essai sur les paramètres d’érosion du sol. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les paramètres d’érosion sont influencés non seulement par les propriétés géotechniques du sol mais aussi par les paramètres d’essai. La dernière partie présente la synthèse entre les résultats des essais de pénétromètre et ceux des essai de JET, et tente de relier les paramètres d’érosion avec les propriétés géotechniques du solControl of the safety of hydraulic structures is a major priority in the field of civil and hydraulic engineering. During its life, the hydraulic structure is submitted to variable hydromechanical, physicochemical and climatic loads that may contribute to its possible failure. Among the resulting phenomena, soil erosion under all its forms is a major challenge which it is important to understand, control and prevent. The objective of this work is to study soil erosion by the Jet Erosion Test. The first part is devoted to the description of the experimental devices, especially the Jet Erosion Test (JET) developed at the Ecole Centrale Paris to directly measure some erosion parameters. From the results of JET, using an empirical erosion law, we deduce the critical shear stress, the erosion coefficient, the equilibrium scour depth. The second part of this work is devoted to the study of the influence of compaction parameters on water infiltration and soil strength, using the penetrometer. In the third and fourth parts, we study the influence of the geotechnical properties of soil and of the test parameters on the erosion parameters of soil. The obtained results show that the erosion parameters are influenced not only by the geotechnical properties of soil but also by the test parameters. The final section presents a synthesis of the results of penetrometer tests and JET tests, and attempts to link the erosion parameters with the geotechnical properties of soil
49
Yu, Lin. "Modeling the Longevity of Infiltration System for Phosphorus Removal." Thesis, KTH, Miljögeokemi och ekoteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96097.
Full textAbstract:
A new modeling method for estimation of the longevity of infiltration system was suggested in this study. The model was one-dimensional, based on results from long-term infiltration sites in Sweden, taking some physical and chemical parameters as controlling factors. It defines the longevity of infiltration systems as the time during which the P solution in effulent is under national criteria (1 mg/L in this study), and it aims at providing the longevity for any given point of the infiltration system. The soil in the model was assumed to be totally homogenous and isotropic and water flow was assumed to be unsaturated flow and constant continuous inflow. The flow rate was calculated from the Swedish criteria for infiltration systems. The dominant process in the model would be the solute transport process; however, retardation controlled by sorption would play a more important role than advection and dispersion in determining the longevity in the model. By using the definition of longevity in this study, the longevity of the three soil columns at 1 m depth (Knivingaryd, Ringamåla and Luvehult) were 1703 days, 1674 days and 2575 days. The exhaustion time of the three soil columns under inflow of 5 mg/L were 2531 days, 2709 days and 3673 days. The calculated sorbed phosphorus quantity for soil from sites Kn, Lu and Ri when they reach estimated longevity were 0.177, 0.288 and 0.168 mg/g, while the maximum sorption of Kn, Lu and Ri were 0.182, 0.293 and 0.176 mg/g separately. From the result of sensitivity study of the model, the sorption capacity and flow velocity were most important to the longevity of the infiltration system. Lower flow velocity and higher P sorption capacity extend the longevity of an infiltration bed. Due to the sorption isotherm selected in this study and the assumption of instant equilibrium, the sorption rate of the soil column was quite linear, although the estimated longevity was much shorter than the real exhaustion time of the soil column. In fact the soil has almost reached its sorption maximum when the system reaches its longevity.
50
Regazzoni, Marco. "Inducerad infiltration och Vyredox - Studie av Tranås nya vattentäkt." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96234.
Full textAbstract:
Målet med projektet var att beskriva de biogeokemiska processer som påverkar grundvattenkvaliteten i Tranås nya vattentäkt. Grundvattenbildningen på platsen sker framför allt genom inducerad infiltration av vatten från sjön Sommen. I syfte att avskilja järn och mangan pumpas grundvattnet upp, syresätts och injekteras sedan i brunnar för att skapa en oxiderande grundvattenmiljö. Metoden kallas Vyredox. Med en 15 månader lång provtagningsserie och automatiskt registrerade processvärden och driftdata från anläggningen som underlag görs i rapporten bedömningar om trender, säsongsmässiga variationer och samband mellan driftsituation och kvalitet på utgående vatten. Dessutom görs en provtagning på flera platser runt anläggningen för att undersöka rumsliga variationer av grundvattnets sammansättning. Den statistiska metoden principalkomponentanalys har använts i syfte att utreda vattnets ursprung. Arbetet resulterade i en beskrivning av vattenkvalitetens utveckling under vattentäktens första år i drift, och en diskussion om framtida scenarion. En slutsats är att en form av mark/vatten-kemisk jämvikt uppstår i akviferen ungefär 6 månader efter det att den nya anläggningen började köras. En annan slutsats är att manganhalten kommer minska i framtiden. Provtagningen visar att utgående råvatten i högre grad än vad som förutspåtts innehåller vatten med annat ursprung än sjön. Samband mellan driftsituation och vattenkvalitet förtydligas och resultaten pekar mot att det utgående vattnets sammansättning påverkas av de förändrade flödesvägar och avsänkningar kring uttagsbrunnarna som uppstår vid olika driftfall.