Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infiltration des eaux'
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Longe, Ezéchiel Oladapo. "Épuration des eaux usées par infiltration : mécanismes de décontamination et protection des eaux souterraines." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20027.
Full textLefevre, Fanny. "Épuration des eaux usées urbaines par infiltration-percolation : étude expérimentale et définition de procédés." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20231.
Full textAuset, Vallejo Maria. "Approche des mécanismes de décontamination en infiltration percolation." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20019.
Full textChérier, Gilles. "Infiltration-percolation des eaux residuaires. Criteres de dimensionnement et regles de gestion." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066068.
Full textSchmitt, Alby. "Modélisation de l'épuration par infiltration." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20174.
Full textHun, Manitou. "Influence de l'eau sur le décollement d'une interface par fléxion d'un bicouche de chaussée urbaine." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851093.
Full textIn order to investigate the mechanisms of debonding of urban roads, this thesis focuses on their characterization in the laboratory. In this work, the idea is to know whether the presence of water (by infiltration into materials) combined with me chanical bending can play a role in the deterioration of the interfaces coupling especially of the cement concrete to the asphalt concrete. A 4 -point bending test allowing to generate interface failure in mixed mode (mode I and II) is chosen a priori and adapted. The mechanical analysis of the test is conducted in plane strain with a Multi-particle elastic Model of Multilayer Materials specifically dedicated to the study of edge effects in multilayer structures under bending, the M4-5n. The problem written analytically and solved in Scilab allows optimizing the geometry of the specimens in order to facilitate the delamination. The testing device is developed in the labo ratory. Bilayer specimens Alu/PVC are used to calibrate the testing device. In order to immerse the specimens in water during the tests, a specific aquarium is constructed. The experimental results demonstrate the effect of temperature on the resistance of the int erface. The techniques of Digital Image Correlation are used to experimentally measure the crack opening and sliding displacement. These techniques are used to determine the stress intensity factors and the energy release rate given by Dundurs. These values are compared successfully with those of M4-5n. In the 20°C water, the experiments show that water privileges the process of debonding
GUILLOTEAU, JACQUES. "Traitement des eaux résiduaires par infiltration percolation : performances, biomasse et renouvellement des gaz." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13179.
Full textLefevre, Fanny. "Epuration des eaux usées urbaines par infiltration-percolation étude expérimentale et définition de procédés /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376150808.
Full textGonzalez-Merchan, Carolina. "Amélioration des connaissances sur le colmatage des systèmes d’infiltration d’eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0040/document.
Full textInfiltration systems are widely used in urban stormwater management. Infiltration systems can significantly reduce stormwater discharges to sewer systems and may therefore contribute to the mitigation of flooding problems. In addition infiltrations systems also help to reduce stormwater pollution, contribute to groundwater recharge and to water course protection. However, the hydraulic performance of infiltration systems decreases with time due to clogging effects. A clogged layer limits the transfer of water and pollutants in infiltrations systems. The clogging has a significant impact on the long-term performance of a system. The aim of this PhD study is to better understand spatio-temporal evolution of clogging on large infiltration systems involving different scales: (i) global scale, (ii) semi - global (the whole bottom and the sides), (iii) local scale (different part of the bottom). An experimental approach has been carried out in the OTHU project (Field Observatory on Urban Hydrology, www.othu.org). An infiltration basin studied with three investigations scales under real operation conditions. In a global scale, the temporal clogging evolution of the system was evaluated in terms of hydraulic resistance. This clogging indicator was calibrated from Bouwer’s model. Water inflow, TSS, COD, climatic factors (air temperature and solar energy), stormwater events and season variations were measured. The results describe the clogging evolution over 8 years. It indicates that vegetation may have a beneficial effect on infiltration capacity. In a semi global scale study, clogging evolution at the bottom and the sides, of the infiltration basin was evaluated. It proved that the clogging mainly occurs at the bottom, that is, the bottom was clogged fast and the clogging at the sides was slow. Local scale study, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of clogging at the bottom with in situ measurements during 2 years were investigated. The study characterised the clogged layer, with bio physic-chemical parameters (i.e., were investigated hydraulic conductivity, porosity, grain size, dry bulk density, organic matter and biomass content). This analyze compared also the role of different types of spontaneous vegetation. The result showed the high spatio-temporal heterogeneity on the infiltration surface. Statistical analysis of clogging evolution in each scale showed the significant impacts of biological activity in the stormwater infiltration basins, which was often neglected
Mirzaei, Gharehlar MohammadReza. "Effet de la variabilité spatiale des états de surface du sol sur le partage infiltration-ruissellement : caractérisation expérimentale par photogrammétrie et première modélisation." Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG0613.
Full textSoil surface properties can affect and control the dynamics of the rainfall distribution between infiltration-detention-runoff. These affects must be better understood and integrated into models of runoff. From an experimental point of view, it lacks an effective measure of detention surface that requires a reliable measure of the soil surface microrelief. From a theoretical point of view, the laws used in the infiltration-runoff models, considering a homogeneous environment, may be inadequate because the soil is a complex and heterogeneous milieu. The objective of this work involved therefore these two aspects. As a first step we have developed a sensor photogrammetric (hardware and software) on the one hand to obtain digital elevation models in a small-scale (area of 1 m2), precise and with a fine resolution (1mm in both directions horizontal), and on the other hand to monitor the water detention on the soil surface during rainfall. This sensor has been validated by comparison with a reference sensor (laser scanner). In a second step, we characterized the effect of the heterogeneity of soil and microrelief of its surface in the infiltration-runoff modeling. To better understand the role of the heterogeneity of the ground in water partition using infiltration–runoff models, we worked under simulated rainfall on a parcel of 1 m2, horizontal, without any marked roughness or apparent variability of surface. The results showed that there is a high variability of local hydrodynamic properties (retention and hydraulic conductivity curves). The influence of these heterogeneities on the runoff was determined by using the model PASTIS. Experiments in controlled conditions on a soil maquette have helped to connect the distributed infiltration and the genesis of the surface runoff. A code was finally developed and validated to manage the distribution side of excess water on the surface. This code can be coupled to a 3D mechanistic-distributed infiltration model infiltration distributed
Guigon-Moreau, Elodie. "Transferts des pesticides vers les eaux superficielles et l'atmosphère : caractérisation et modélisation sur le bassin versant de la Vesle." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066532.
Full textThe global use of pesticides in agricultural basins has induced a deterioration of groundwater and surface water quality. This research work has focused upon the characterization of different surface transfer pathways of pesticides towards surface water and atmospheric compartments and of their relative importance through a modelling study on the Vesle basin. Firstly, field surveys were carried out to investigate contamination of the atmospheric compartment (ambient air and wet deposits) and transfer of pesticides by runoff and leaching using laboratory and field installations (plots and lysimeters). Secondly, the model of pesticide transfer, Phytodel, was designed and developed for the Vesle catchment. At longer term, this model could be used to identify pesticides in preference and priority to be investigated during sampling campaigns. It might also be used as a tool for evaluation of pesticide dispersion in various environmental compartments
Gautier, Armelle. "Contribution à la connaissance du fonctionnement d'ouvrages d'infiltration d'eau de ruissellement pluvial urbain." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0012.
Full textNowadays, storm water infiltration is a drainage structure often used as a solution to replace or complete sewage systems. Because of the lack of both knowledge and tools, management of these structures is very empirical. We actually don’t know what the impact of the infiltration of storm waters on soil and on ground water is, and how the structure will evolve and clog during its life. We take an inventory of mechanical, chemical and biological phenomenon which takes place in storm water infiltration systems. This allows us to estimate which of these processes are the most important and to formulate the assumption that the interface between the structure and the soil plays an important part in the quantitative and qualitative functioning of the structure. Then we try to confirm this assumption. T o do this, we synthesize results of experiments about infiltration. This synthesis is completed by an investigation of the methods we have to evaluate (to measure) the role of the interface. These investigations show that we need to experiment on real storm water infiltration systems to complete knowledge about qualitative functioning, and about clogging. They also show a lack of models to represent the evolution of the infiltration capacity during the life of the structure. In order to bring some piece of information about this, we use two metrological follow-up to learn about qualitative functioning of an infiltration basin and two infiltration wells. W e use two approaches: one on the long-range and one on the short-range. About modeling, we try to calibrate a model with measures in basins and wells. This model gives the infiltration capacity of the structure, and integrates evolutive parameter about clogging. We also try to explain this parameter with data about environmental conditions and quality of water we have in our possession
Martinelli, Isabelle. "Infiltration des eaux de ruissellement pluvial et transfert de polluants associés dans un sol urbain : Vers une approche globale et pluridisciplinaire." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Full textStorm water run-off infiltration now appears as a supplementary or alternative strategy to gravitational drainage systems. The present study sought to draw up a framework to represent pollutant transfer in such infiltration, this phenomenon being governed by various physical, chemical and biological processes. Study of the literature was able on the one hand to specify urban storm water run-off pollution, and, on the other, to identify the various possible processes undergone or induced during infiltration in the sail. Lt was noted that experimentation in this area requires certain extra input, whether, at laboratory level, for studying interactions effects between several pollutants and several processes, or, in the field, for a better account of soil heterogeneity and of integration of various elementary phenomena. Nevertheless, the state of knowledge regarding these levels and various scientific areas made it possible to identify the main parameters seeming to govern pollutant transfer. A representation was drawn up of the soil underlying a storm water run-off infiltration system, and a experimental framework proposed both to validate and to enhance the present model
Bernard-Valette, Nadège. "Simulation des impacts sur les eaux souterraines de l'infiltration des eaux pluviales en milieu urbanise : application au cas de l'aquifere de l'Est lyonnnais." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0036.
Full textThe research deals with the feasibility analysis of a simulation system to assess the impact of storm water infiltration in urbanized areas on groundwater. The context we consider is that of decision-making for mid- and long-term management of groundwater resources. The first stage of the research consists in a bibliographical review and a critical analyze of the currently available knowledge which can be used to develop the simulation system. The analysis leads to identify the different issues raised by the development of the simulation system and to advocate certain types of model. The goal of the second stage is to propose a simulation system for the aquifer to the east of Lyon. In this system, a simplified modeling of the phenomena is considered. The simulation system is composed of three groups of models associated with the main stages of storm water infiltration towards groundwater: - rainwater reaching the surface of the soil; - spatial distribution of the infiltration of storm water and pollutants into the sail and the storm water infiltration structures (basins, wells); - transfer of water and pollutants through the storm water infiltration structures and the unsaturated and saturated zones of the aquifer. This simulation system is implemented on a part of the aquifer to the east of Lyon. This concrete application makes possible to test models, to identify the information’s which have to be acquired or precised for this aquifer and to illustrate the potentialities of the simulation system in the field of decision-making for groundwater management
Laine, Christophe. "Etude de l'influence de la zone non saturée sur l’équilibre des pentes instables." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0092.
Full textThe important influence of groundwater seepage on the stability of natural slopes has for long been recognised. It is usually supposed that water circulates slowly, coming from upper rock formation. However, this hydrological theory does not fully explain the mechanism of slope failures, induced by heavy rainfalls. Authors propose to take into account the rainwater quantities which drain vertically through the unsaturated zone. The survey of a landslide at Salins (39, France) allowed us to partially verify this concept. Considering this approach for groundwater flow, it seems that the safety factor of slope is greatly reduced when a "wetting band" reaches the zone where the saturation is maintained by uphill water supplies. In order to predict the influence of rainfalls on slope stability, the simulation of soil water dynamics in the unsaturated zone is therefore required
Chabaud, Sylvaine. "Influence du biofilm sur les performances des systèmes de traitement par infiltration dans le sol : application à l'assainissement non collectif." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2024.
Full textAbout fifteen million population of french people do not have access to a sewer network. As a result, on-site wastewater treatment systems are being installed and each year, more than 100 000 plants are being constructed. In the primary treatment, domestic wastewater is treated by anaerobic digestion in a septic tank followed by secondary treatment where septic effluent is treated by soil infiltration. This treatment uses aerobic degradation by micro-organisms arranged in biofilm in the porous media. The biofilm development is well cited to contribute to different pollutants removal and to a clogging zone development in the porous media. The aim of this study has been to understand and represent biofilm dynamics for its favourable and unfavourable aspects in infiltration systems of on-site treatment. For this purpose, 4 experimental reactors (0. 3016 m3) has been designed and carried out while trying to respect the french norm XP P 16-603 about on-site treatment. They were packed with a natural soil (sandy-clay silt) and a sandy soil. They were supplied with septic effluent with a recommended load by the regulation agency and an over load: 5 and 12 cm/d during 416 days for sand reactors and 2 and 5 cm/d during 214 days for silt reactors. Purification and hydrodynamic behaviour studies have been performed through removal abatement and mean residence time evolution. In the same way, biofilm development has been observed at different depths. Temporal variation of the bacterial community structure has been approached by physiological and genetic fingerprints. Purification performances and hydrodynamic behaviour obtained with reactors packed with sand have been steady and in agreement with literature data. These results allowed to validate experimental reactors for on-site treatment studies. On the other hand, one of reactor packed with sandy-clay silt presented a dysfunction. The implementation of natural soil is very difficult, due to the important heterogeneity of soil structures and textures. Biofilm development in sandy soil has been mainly observed in the first centimetres of the massif and the thickness of this zone has been related to the load. The biofilm quantity increase did not have significant impact on purification performances during this study. As for the biofilm development participation, it does not seem preponderant contrary to the accumulation of matter. Accumulation matter model has been proposed. Physiological and molecular fingerprints of bacterial community showed that these treatment systems have a "buffer" role in bacterial removal. Moreover, protozoa could take part in this process in an important way
Bénédittis, Jérôme de. "Mesurage de l'infiltration et de l'exfiltration dans les réseaux d'assainissement." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0023/these.pdf.
Full textNowadays, the measurement of infiltration and exfiltration in sewers systems is not done with accurate and/or adapted methods. This fact is the starting point of the European research program APUSS which this PhD thesis joins. The main objective of this thesis is to apply in Lyon the measurement methods developed in the framework of this research program: measurement of infiltration with the use of natural water isotopes (Kracht, 2001) and measurement of exfiltration with the use of artificial tracers (NaCl) according to Rieckermann (2002). In Lyon, natural water isotopes can be used to estimate infiltration because of the different origins of drinking water and groundwater. For some experimental sites, the difference of d18O between drinking water and groundwater varies between 1,5 % and 3 % depending on the season. The infiltration fraction can then be estimated with an uncertainty that varies between 8 % and 4 % of dry weather flow. As this method cannot be applied in all contexts, a listing of existing methods was made in order to realize two comparative studies. According to the method used, the estimated value of infiltration fraction varies on average with 20 % of dry weather flow. However, this strong variability seems to have a limited impact on the hierarchisation of infiltration contributions realised during a diagnose study. The study of uncertainty variability according to the number of dry weather days used for the calculation of a total amount of infiltration shows that a diagnose study based on the night flow analysis must have a sufficient duration in order to observe 8 to 10 days of dry weather. The relative uncertainty in the total amount of infiltration is then reduced with a factor 5 with respect to the uncertainty in a daily amount. The measurement method of exfiltration with the use of artificial tracers has been applied on the Ecully catchment on a collector of 1 km in length. The estimated exfiltration rates vary between 2 and 17 % and the uncertainty is close to 1 %. A light season effect can be observed between the several measurements campaigns realized from July till November, 2003. The application of an exfiltration measurement is not easy because of the variability of the flow rates and the conductivity baseline of wastewater. Technical specifications are suggested in order to realize the measurement in the best possible conditions. There are no ideal measurement methods but a set of methods that can be applied according to the experimental conditions specific to the studied site. Additional experiments are necessary to better define the conditions of use and validity of the developed and existing methods. For infiltration, the data acquired within the framework of the self monitoring of sewer systems can be used for this purpose with as objective the continuous measurement and its use for the development of infiltration prospecting strategies
Paiva, Sampaio Sergio. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines par infiltration-percolation sur massif sableux : essais sur stations pilotes de grandes tailles." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120012.
Full textKartiwa, Budi. "Modélisation du fonctionnement hydrologique des bassins versants : application sur des bassins versants de Java et Sumatra (Indonésie)." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0008.
Full textThe ultimate target is to improve the modeling of the hydrological functioning of the catchment. We aim to develop a general model of determination of the production function in order to couple it to a deterministic transfer function. The research is carried out on five micro catchments (less than 40 ha) located in different agroecological zones which are representative of diversity of the landscape conditions in Indonesia. The modification of the original version of the model H2U will allow the modeling the transfer function on the hillslope. The coupling between the theoretical probability density function (pdf) of the hillslope and the theoretical pdf of the drainage network through a convolution product, gives a theoretical pdf of the catchment nearly identical to the experimental pdf for the five microcatchments studied. It is shown that the modeling of the production function according to the Horton's law by using the parameters fo, fc and k measured on the field, can be applied only in the case of the impervious microcatchments, and the hydrographs obtained from the coupling between the theoretical transfer function and the resulting excess rainfall according to this procedure are not satisfactory. The micro-depression model is developed from the hypothesis that the outgoing discharge of the micro-depression follows linear reservoir law. In this model, infiltration is assumed to occur only in the micro-depression, and the excess rainfall is calculated starting from the discharge which flows from the micro-depression. It succeeds to simulate the excess rainfall in most cases, whatever the permeability of the catchment. By coupling it to the transfer function H2U, this model allows a good simulation of hydrograph for one episode out of four and even almost one out of two in the case of the most impervious catchment. The major advantage of the micro-depression model is that it does not require any calibration, which allows its application on any ungauged catchment
Asry, Asra. "Modélisation hydrologique de l'infiltration des eaux pluviales dans les sols urbains en prenant en compte les chemins préférentiels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0095.
Full textInfiltration plays a crucial role in the urban water cycle by acting as a threshold between runoff and absorption. This study aims to address the challenge of modeling infiltration in a robust and practical way for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), focusing on an easily adjustable physically-based approach that balances complexity and parsimony. This involves minimizing the number of parameters, using physical parameters collected in the field, and examining the impact of macropores on infiltration rates through SUDS. Various methods have been introduced and evaluated to answer these questions. Firstly, this thesis proposes the development of a new module called INFILTRON-Mod, a physically based infiltration model that can be easily calibrated, thus proving its potential for integration into hydrological models. A large set of experimental data and synthetic results (Hydrus) are used for validation. This thesis then develops further the proposed model by incorporating a dual permeability concept to take into consideration the preferential flows in SUDS. Finally, this study leads to an analysis of the uncertainty and sensitivity of the proposed models. In conclusion, this thesis has produced crucial information for optimizing the modeling of urban water management tools by coupling a 'soil science' component with a 'hydrological modeling of SUDS' component. Further research is recommended to improve and extend the scope of the proposed models, thus contributing to a more accurate representation of hydrological phenomena in their complexity within SUDS
Tedoldi, Damien. "Mesure et modélisation de la contamination du sol dans les ouvrages de gestion à la source du ruissellement urbain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1201/document.
Full textSustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) are increasingly used for stormwater management. However, the generalization of runoff infiltration in urban watersheds raises some concerns regarding the soil's ability to retain ubiquitous micropollutants. The present work addresses soil contamination by trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in such infiltration devices, with the aims of: (i) appraising the levels and spatial extent of soil contamination, (ii) better understanding the mechanisms which govern the fate of contaminants in these systems, and (iii) identifying design and maintenance guidelines which may enhance long-term pollutant control through SUDS.The first part of the study consists in a series of experimental investigations in ten contrasting study sites, which have been in operation for more than ten years. The two-stage methodology successively leads to cartographies of metal contamination in the surface soil, and vertical profiles of metal and PAH concentrations, along with different explanatory variables. The spatial distribution of trace metals in the upper horizon displays a systematic structure with respect to the inflow area, and bears the time-integrated signature of the infiltration fluxes and flow pathways at the surface. In the most contaminated zone of the facilities, a significant enrichment of metals and PAHs is detectable until 10 to 40 cm depth. Contaminant retention results from the combination of different physicochemical and mechanical processes (resp. sorption and sedimentation/filtration), the contribution of which can be assessed via the zirconium deficit in urban sediment in comparison to the soil's geochemical background. The inter-site variability of contamination levels is attributable to (i) differences in the soil's retention capacities, and (ii) differences in pollutant loads from the watershed. Although surface contents may exceed intervention thresholds for “multi-functional” spaces in several study sites, the area which would require soil remediation is laterally and vertically limited.These experimental assessments are complemented by a modelling approach, to describe the long-term evolution of soil contamination, and to evaluate the effect of various SUDS designs and maintenance operations. A sensitivity analysis is first carried out so as to identify the “key elements” in the system description: the results show that a wrong estimation of the soil's dispersivity or sorption isotherm is likely to induce significant biases in the predicted contamination profiles. A method is then proposed to describe non-uniform water infiltration fluxes, and the filtration of particle-bound contaminants. The model is validated via a comparison between measured and predicted metal profiles in one of the study sites, where a comprehensive soil characterization is undertaken. Finally, a “scenario analysis” illustrates the benefits of (i) using soil enrichment products with enhanced sorption capacities, and (ii) facilitating water spreading at the surface, in terms of “lifespan” of the devices and maintenance requirements
Gonzalez-Merchan, Carolina. "Amélioration des connaissances sur le colmatage des systèmes d'infiltration d'eaux pluviales." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943422.
Full textDiallo, Martine. "Infiltration-percolation sur sable et sur fibre de coco, filtres plantes et épuration d'eaux usées domestiques à dominance agroalimentaire sous climat tropical sec : cas des eaux résiduaires urbaines de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00754938.
Full textEl-Mufleh, Amelène. "Répartition des micropolluants métalliques et organiques au sein de la matrice solides des sédiments issus de l'assainissement des eaux pluviales urbaines : comparaisons et critiques de méthodes de fractionnement." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0008.
Full textTo manage urban runoff, retention/infiltration ponds have frequently been implemented for several decades. Sediments that accumulate by settling at the bottom of the basins should be removed to maintain or restore the good functioning of these structures. However, these sediments are often highly contaminated by organic micropollutants (hydrocarbon) and trace metals. Pollutant distribution in the sediment solid phases is crucial with regards to: i) their potential transfer and bioavailability, ii) the treatment and the reuse of these sediments. The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs and trace metals) in the solid matrix of three sediments from urban runoff retention/infiltration basins. Six methods of fractionation and chemical extractions coupled to chemical analysis and microanalysis of the solid have been carried out in this study. The results show that PAHs and trace metals are mostly contained in aggregates composed of mineral and organic phases. After disaggregation, it appears that these pollutants were mostly associated to fine particles (<63 µm), PAHs are only associated with organic matter, while trace metals are adsorbed on clays, metal oxides, carbonates and organic matter. A critical analysis of these methods and improvements are proposed for application to other sediments or contaminated soil with high levels of aggregation
Goutaland, David. "Caractérisation hydrogéophysique d'un dépôt fluvioglaciaire : évaluation de l'effet de l'hétérogénéité hydrodynamique sur les écoulements en zone non-saturée." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0018/these.pdf.
Full textThe increasing urbanization gene rates an anthropogenic pressure on subsoil and water resources. Their sustainable management require a better understanding of water flows in the vadose zone, taking into account their heterogeneities, in particular natural, at the local scale This study aims at characterizing at this scale the sedimentary and hydraulic heterogeneities of the glaciofluvial deposit located east of Lyon in order to evaluate the influence of these heterogeneities on the unsaturated flows. By a hydrogeophysical approach, relying on a sedimentological characterization of the sedimentary structures and textures, a geophysical investigation using ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity, and a characterization of the hydraulic properties, a three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic model of the glaciofluvi deposit was defined on a reduced zone of a stormwater infiltration basin. This model shows the sedimentary and hydraulic heterogeneities the hydrofacies scale. Measurements of water contents at three depths in the glaciofluvial deposit, coup led to a numerical modeling of the unsaturated flow from the hydrostratigraphic model, allowed to evaluate the hydraulic behavior of the glaciofluvial deposit du ring an infiltration. The results show the influence of the initial saturation of the deposit on the unsaturated flows. Heterogeneous flows are linked to preferential flow paths. The hydrogeophysical approach followed in this study is promising for the hydrostratigraphic characterization of heterogeneous sedimentary deposits
Plassard, Frédéric. "Influence de la complexation sur la rétention de trois cations métalliques par un sol alcalin : application à un bassin d'infiltration d'eaux pluviales." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10005.
Full textCheik, Sougueh Sougueh. "Rôle fonctionnel des termites champignonnistes sur la structure des sols tropicaux et leur fonctionnement hydrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS353.
Full textThe definition of sustainable agricultural practices calls for the study of the ecological impact of soil ecological engineers, especially in the tropics. This thesis raises the question of the influence of fungus-growing termites on soil and water dynamics along a pedoclimatic gradient from southern India to northern Vietnam. First, this thesis work confirms the positive impact of termites on soil water infiltration. Although the extent of this effect varies according to pedoclimatic conditions and to the biodiversity of soil engineers (termites vs. beetles and earthworms). The results obtained have enabled us to demonstrate that stimulation of termite activity is possible if specific organic substrates are used. In a second chapter, this thesis focused on the architecture and stability of galleries through the use of 3D image analyses obtained from computer assisted tomography. Termite galleries were compared with those of beetles and earthworms and their effects on water transfers were studied. The application of these methods have enabled us to better describe the poral network, as well as to demonstrate the importance of taking into account the dynamic of the galleries for a better understanding water dynamic in soil
Boissier, Jean-Michel. "Etude des flux de matière organique transportée par les eaux de percolation de trois sols forestiers, à la suite de fortes précipitations orageuses simulées." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10112.
Full textWeill, Sylvain. "Modélisation des échanges surface/subsurface à l'échelle de la parcelle par une approche darcéenne multidomaine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003411.
Full textAmraoui, Nadia. "Étude de l'infiltration dans les sols fins non saturés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL075N.
Full textTaha, Ammar. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la contribution des eaux infiltrées à la formation des débits des crues en zone méditerranéenne : application à un versant du Real Collobrier." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10052.
Full textWanko, Ngnien Adrien. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert et évaluation des capacités d'oxygénation et de traitement des dispositifs de traitement par cultures fixées sur supports granulaires fins alimentés en discontinu-développement d'un modèle de biodégradation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13187.
Full textAim of this work is to enhance understanding of the main phenomena occurring during infiltration of wastewater within vertical flow sand filter. We also introduce some operating possibilities which may improve efficiency and keep seepage beds in good working order. In the first part we document state of art in this research topic. Following some general remarks about different wastewater treatment techniques, more precise description of seepage beds is made with particular interest on its constraints and needs of further research. A central issue is the choice of porous media. It should be adapted to allow good oxygen feeding for bacteria growing on it and avoid biological clogging. Second part, mainly experimental, is focused on physical and hydraulic characterization of un-colonized crushed and stream sand. We carried out a residence time distribution (RTD) comparison of these two sands under steady and unsteady flow. Apart from characteristics of porous media and with a constant daily loading rate, decreased frequencies involve longer residence times. On the other hand, output recovery of the mass of injected tracer always occurs faster with stream sand. Continuation of hydrodynamic study is made with colonised porous media. Efficiency of biological removing of carbonaceous pollution is higher within stream sand. Opposite trend is observed with nitrogenous pollution. Removing of both nitrogenous and carbonaceous pollutions is linked to oxygenation. In other words it is linked to renewal of gaseous phase in porous medium. We highlight convection and diffusion of oxygen in porous media by using a fluorescence technology, which allows us to detect both gaseous and dissolved oxygen. We compare participation of convection and diffusion phenomena to renewal of oxygen. Achievement of this work consists on the development of a numerical code which simulates flow and pollution degradation through a colonized porous medium. Two different numerical methods have been used. In the first model, also called global approach, chemical and transport parts of each equation are solved by a single numerical scheme. A second model introduces a splitting operator method which solves separately and successively convective, dispersive and kinetic parts of each equation
Ben, Slimene Erij. "Modélisation de l’impact des hétérogénéités lithologiques sur les écoulements préférentiels et le transfert de masse dans la zone vadose d’un dépôt fluvioglaciaire - Application à un bassin d’infiltration d’eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI035/document.
Full textAn infiltration basin is a stormwater best management practice (BMP) designed to infiltrate runoff volumes in urban areas. Nevertheless, preferential flow paths in the underlying soil may cause rapid migration of pollutants, thus contributing to groundwater contamination. Understanding the coupling between preferential flow processes in the vadose zone and geochemical mechanisms is then required. This thesis is a part of the follow-up of an infiltration basin for several decades of exploitation. The study site was settled over a highly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit covering much of the Lyon region. The investigation of an excavated section of the basin (13.5m long and 2.5m deep) pointed out a specific regionalization of pollution in the soil. This research is based on a numerical study to identify the origin of such a pollutant pattern and link this with preferential flow resulting from lithological heterogeneities. Different lithofacies were fully characterized regarding their hydraulic, hydrodispersive and geochemical properties. The numerical study proves that the high contrast in hydraulic properties triggers the establishment of preferential flow (capillary barriers and funneled flow). Preferential flow develops mainly for low initial water contents and low fluxes imposed at surface. The role of each lithofacies and architecture of deposit (stratification and inclusions) is clearly identified. The impact of such flows on non-reactive transfers is then investigated by combining the influence of preferential flow and pore water fractionation info into mobile and immobile fractions, resulting from the intrinsic heterogeneity within each lithofacies. Finally, these physical processes are coupled to the geochemical reactivity for a pollutant model (copper), taking into account the differential reactivity of lithofacies. These results generate a conceptual model of preferential flow and mass transfer in strongly heterogeneous media
Rousseau, Marie. "Propagation d'incertitudes et analyse de sensibilité pour la modélisation de l'infiltration et de l'érosion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00788360.
Full textSchreck, Eva. "Influence des modes d'entretien du sol en milieu viticole sur le transfert des pesticides vers les eaux d'infiltration - Impact sur les lombriciens." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372036.
Full textVincent, Geoffroy. "Érosion hydrique et transferts des pollutions diffuses d'origine agricole vers la nappe de la craie : application au littoral du bassin Artois Picardie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10116/document.
Full textTo manage rationnally groundwater ressources, it is necessary to take into account the "surface-water" component and the slight transfers linked ta topography. The preservation of the quality of this water relies on the knowledge of both the inner and outer components of the groundwater watershed area. On the basis of previous works achieved within the Lille Mechanichs Laboratory (LML, UMR 8107), we have developed a methodology based on : -the rural watershed hydrology, -the vulnerability linked to a diffuse pollution of the underlying groundwater, -the surface anthropogenic and natural activity, -the erosion phenomena in the watershed and the consecutive molecule transfers. ln a second time, we have applied these models to the Artois Picardie basin (North of France) chalky aquifer wich supplies the coastal village of Wissant. This allowed us to test and select the models best suitable for the typology of the cretaceous characteristic area. These methods were then combined with a GIS to display the spatial distribution of preferential flows, their connection to erosion and the areas where they pile up and can potentialy infiltrate the groundwater. This work partially answers the question : do the soil losses of rural catching areas have a negative impact on the vulnerability of the groundwater? Moreover it stresser how important it is to take into account the geomorpholgical and soil parameters when setting up a strategy of underground ressources protection. This is particularly true for the positioning of polluting flows in mathematical simulation models which constitute a real decision tool concerning the optimized management of groundwaters. This methodology has been used too in a multidisciplinary study on underground water ressources supplying the city of Calais (Pas de Calais). The DRASTIC index modification by the integration of the attenuation factor Af for pesticide has been used. This new index shows a more accurate groundwater vulnerability to pollution by pesticide on the maps. This vulnerability have been studied on the chalk aquifer of Guînes hills with four molecules : Prosulfuron, AMPA, Atrazine and DEA
Bancole, Apolline. "L'oxydation en infiltration percolation." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20072.
Full textDurin, Bertrand. "Transfert et transport colloïdal de polluants métalliquesApplications en assainissement routier." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00104567.
Full textLacherez-Bastin, Sabine. "Contribution à l'étude de la migration des nitrates dans le sol et la zone non saturée de la nappe de la craie dans le Nord de la France : modélisation intégrée des nitrates dans le bassin versant de l'Escrebieux." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Lacherez-Bastin.pdf.
Full textEn période sèche, l'écoulement se fait à 85 % par effet piston au sein de la matrice poreuse crayeuse, avec une vitesse de l'ordre de 0. 6 rn/an sous un recouvrement argileux supérieur à 5 m, 1. 0 rn/an sous un recouvrement limoneux et enfm 1. 25 m sous un recouvrement sableux. Dans des conditions de saturation importante, l'écoulement par les fissures peut venir égaler voire supplanter le mode d'écoulement par effet piston. Les vitesses de migration des nitrates sont " brusquement" accélérées, pendant une courte période, au droit de la zone fissurée. On observe en général un décalage de l'ordre de 5 m d'une fraction du front de pollution azotée par l'intermédiaire des fissures. La modélisation intégrée des cycles de l'eau et de l'azote au droit du bassin versant de l'Escrebieux montre que le module nitrates, que nous avons développé, restitue correctement les observations de terrain effectuées aux droit des différents piézomètres de suivi de la qualité de la nappe de la craie de ce bassin
Valentin, Christian. "Organisations pelliculaires superficielles de quelques sols de région subdésertique, Agadez, République du Niger : dynamique de formation et conséquences sur l'économie en eau /." Paris : Éd. de l'ORSTOM, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34911503b.
Full textMansouri, Nahla. "Modélisation multidimensionnelle des pressions et teneurs en eau dans le sol et le sous-sol : effets capillaires et gravitaires en présence d'hétérogénéités et de fluctuations." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0060/document.
Full textThis doctoral research, defended at the Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, is devoted to modeling water pressure and water content in soils and in subsurface geologic formations, in the case of variably saturated flow. One of the main scientific objectives of this work is to analyze the response of unsaturated flow systems, and particularly capillary and gravitational effects, in the presence of material heterogeneities, discontinuities, and/or space-time fluctuations. Modeling is based on a generalized version of Darcy- Buckingham’s law, and of Richards’ flow equation. Overall, the topics developed in this PhD thesis focus on several related aspects of variably saturated water flow in the subsurface. These aspects all occur at once in most applications (drying/wetting,heterogeneity, temporal forcing), but they are "decoupled" here for convenience. A preliminary research (collaborative project IMFT / IRSN) was developed to study the 2D/3D drying process at the porous wall of a deep cylindrical excavation in response to hydrometeorological signals. This project has motivated the design and testing of a novel approach to include cavities in the modeling domain. A detailed study of steady state infiltration was developed for the case of finely stratified soils, with parameters that vary continuously and cyclically with depth. Exact and approximate analytical solutions are calculated based on variable transformation methods and on perturbation type approximations, and they are tested numerically using a finite volume code (BIGFLOW 3D). The sensitivity of suction fluctuations vs. stratification wavelength is investigated, as well as the effect of the degree of heterogeneity, and of water table depth. Capillary barrier effects are studied for the case of unsaturated infiltration in multilayer soil systems characterized by a discontinuity of soil properties at interfaces. Numerical experiments are developed for transient infiltration towards a water table through a two-layer system, the goal being to analyze possible capillary barrier effects under various scenarios. On the other hand, we study numerically the case of a partially saturated / unsaturated soil column submitted to highly variable oscillatory pressure at the bottom of the column: this leads to vertical flow oscillations in the unsaturated zone above the water table influenced by tides (coastal beach sand). We analyze the dynamics of this oscillatory flow, where capillary and gravitational effects compete; for this purpose we use a novel method that tracks the positions of the zero flux plane in the unsaturated column. Finally, we also present, as an extension to the previous studies, a preliminary investigation of multidimensional infiltration/redistribution phenomena, particularly for the case of fully 3D random-type soil heterogeneity. The first numerical experiments of 3D infiltration are undertaken based on the single realization approach to soil heterogeneity, and assuming a uniform distribution of wetting at soil surface
Cheriaf, Malik. "Amélioration de la mesure de la perméabilité verticale in situ." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0086.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the in-situ vertical permeability measurement in unsaturated soils. In pursuance of French law, a barrier of controlled landfill site must have a permeability less than 1E-09 m/s at a depth of 5 meter. Artificial analysis of several existing devices based principally on the accurate measurement of low infiltration rate and their automation, led us to conceive a new device. This pressio-infiltrometer is based on the principle of the pressiopermeameter, that is, it allow the application of pressure on the test fluids and, in addition presents other advantages such as: a precise and continuous recording of the inflitratted water volume in the inner and outer rings. After having described, In-Situ, the behaviour of the pressiopermeameter, in an unsaturated an saturated soil media, and that of a long term laboratory test with the aid of pressio-infiltrometer of a swelling soil (sand-bentonite mixing) and of a non swelling (sand-cement mixing), we present the experimental results and methods of interpretational using a numerical model
Bentoumi, Okba. "Transfert par infiltration de l'eau dans les sols fins compactes non saturés : Etude de la diffusivité et de la conductivité hydraulique." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0100.
Full textOne of the conditions that has to fulfill by a barrier in a waste disposal site is to insure a coefficient of permeability less than l0(exp)-9m/s. The measurement of this permeability poses a lot of difficulties to which hydric transfer in unsaturated soils should be able to resolve. In this framework, the experimental results related to study of water transfer by infiltration in a compact unsaturated fine soil under a well defined initial and boundary conditions are presented. Firstly, a parametric study has been performed on the Givors silt; infiltration tests have been realized under various conditions. This study allowed the identification of the different parameters that can influence the hydric transfer in a unsaturated soil and to define an experimental procedure for field measurement of coefficient of permeability. Secondly, this parametric study was completed with a series of infiltration tests realized on a sail column,225mm high, for which the analysis of the hydric profile and suction was possible with the use of a new experimental device. A second procedure for permeability coefficient measurement of in-situ was proposed. The instantaneous profile method has been applied on results of infiltration tests on the soil column,225mm high, to establish the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and volumic water content or suction. Mualem and Van Genuchten model were also applied and verified
Chennoufi, Leila. "L' eau et les glissements de terrains : élaboration d'un modèle de prévision du risque : cas de Acquara-Vadoncello, Italie." Paris, ENMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1009.
Full textBouzouidja, Ryad. "Fonctionnement hydrique d'un Technosol superficiel - application à une toiture végétalisée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0232/document.
Full textThe sealing in cities highly degrades the buffer and filter functions of soils which generates and/or emphasizes major environmental issues (e.g. urban heat island, flooding, pollution of the runoff water). Among other technologies, advances in green roof engineering provide solutions for the management of urban rainwater. Indeed, green roofs can highly contribute to water regulation service by delaying run-off peaks and decreasing water fluxes to storm water collection network. The purpose of this work is to quantify and model the hydric performances of such an urban Technosol by taking into account the seasonal variations and the aging of the green roof. Physic and hydric measurements were conducted on the green roof constituents. Then, water fluxes and meteorological parameters were monitored in four green roofs parcels – including two with an innovative water storage structure – both at the lab and the building scales. Finally, the hydrodynamics of green roofs was modeled and numerically investigated with HYDRUS-1D in the framework of the Richards equations and the van Genuchten-Mualem model that describe unsaturated flows. As a result: i) the water flows inside these complex porous media were physically characterized, ii) the hydric performances of different parcels over three years, under Lorraine climate, were evaluated, iii) the model approach reached to a good description of the hydraulic behavior at the lab-scale but tends to underestimate in situ water fluxes. Beyond that, this work can provide a robust approach to simulate water transfer in green roofs under different climates or situations and may also contribute to further technological development
Minvielle, Sébastien. "Etude de l’infiltration et de ses variations interannuelles en contexte épikarstique pour la caractérisation du fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes karstiques : utilisation de la méthode ISc-Pco2 et des modèles réservoirs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0262/document.
Full textInfiltration corresponds to flows contributing to the system recharge and its discharge variations. This thesis aims at characterize infiltration and its utilization in transfer analyses to understand karst system behavior.Two sites are used to study this infiltration: this of the Lascaux hill in Dordogne and one in the North of the Vaucluse county composed of several karst springs. These locations are different in their structure as well as climatic conditions on their respective intake areas. The first site consists on an epikarst and a perched karst aquifer systems, since the second is composed of an epikarst, a fissured and a developed saturated zone systems.Nowadays, hydrodynamic study of an epikarst system using reservoir models is not satisfying: the production function is not able to generate a sufficient infiltration. In this study, a reservoir model initially based on Coutagne’s equations had been used. Results highlighted the necessity to add two new calculation functions. The first is related to an evapotranspiration estimation using an exponential law considering the amount of water in the soil reservoir. The second underlines the necessity of taking into account the storage function of the epikarst to characterize in a better way flows in karst systems.Hydrochemical study was carried on from calcium-bicarbonate equilibriums and then by mass transfers. They permit to describe several parameters as the carbon dioxide partial pressure at atmospheric equilibrium (Pco2_eq) or at saturation (Pco2_sat) and the saturation index with respect to calcite (SIc). These parameters can be expressed through the {–log(Pco2); SIc} graph to identify different water types. A transfer schema had been proposed, considering the saturation state of the system. Multi-year evolution of the infiltration had been underlined by variations of the chemical composition of infiltration water. This evolution can be linked to climatic conditions.Finally it appears that the knowledge of infiltration processes is essential to understand karst flows to quantify karst recharge and protect the resource
Warnana, Dwa Desa. "Rainwater infiltration and seismicity induced slope stability on residual soil using resistivity and microtremor measurements." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066701.
Full textThis study aims to assess in the dry and rainy seasons the stability of slopes due to rain water infiltration and seismicity using resistivity and micro-tremor methods in Kemuning Lor Arjasa, Jember and Sumber Aji, Batu Malang. Geotechnical parameters and resistivity measurements in laboratory had also been carried out. A more detailed subsurface image deriving resistivity is verified to obtain quantitatively interpretation using geotechnical measurements and laboratory data as well as a petro-physical relation constitutive model. Microtremor measurements are used to better understand the soil effect induced by earthquakes. Hence, site period and peak amplitude is estimated from horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) at study site. Finally, the slope stability that depends on soil vulnerability index and shear strain is able to calculate. The effects of moisture content, cohesion, unit weight, and friction angle on soil resistivity were determined. An empirical safety factor equation based on the rainwater infiltration-resistivity interaction and slope angles were determined and applied to 2-D resistivity monitoring in each location. It had been found that Jember slope was critical in the rainy season. The earthquake induced slope stability is assessed using the calculation of the soil vulnerability index and shear strain from microtremor measurements. The earthquake induced slope stability in the rainy season is found to be more vulnerable than in the dry season
Shorieh, Amani. "Nouvelle approche d'estimation de la vulnérabilité des aquifères combinant le modèle DRASTIC et la sensibilité des sols à l'infiltration. Application à l'aquifère du Dogger dans l'interfluve Clain-Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2274.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis is the optimization of a novel approach to estimate groundwater vulnerability using both the DRASTIC model and soil infiltration sensitivity. The model will be then applied to the Dogger aquifer of Poitiers, Center West France; to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources. This is an important element for sensible resource management and land use planning.Poitou-Charentes, located in the Center-West of France, is a region where economy is mainly based on agriculture. It is made up of 4 Departments (Vienne, Charente, Charente Maritime, Deux-Sèvres) and is largely supplied by groundwater, both for consumption and irrigation. This resources thus vital to the region and its preservation is a major issue. The objective of this study is the determination of the roundwater quality in the Dogger aquifer of Poitiers (Vienne Department), which is the main water resource for his area in order to achieve a better understanding of the factors influencing groundwater mineralization. Sixty-six wells, distributed over the study area, were sampled and analyzed for major ions (Ca2+, M2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-). The hydrochemistry of groundwater is determined by both natural processes, and anthropogenic factors. Natural factors are dissolution of carbonate and dolomite minerals, and cation exchanges with clays, while anthropogenic factors are contaminant infiltration of wastewater and agricultural fertilizers. Nitrate is the main contaminant found in the groundwater and makes this resource unsuitable for consumption at some places.This study focuses, by the use of mapping, on the assessment of the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in particular to the intrinsic vulnerability of unconfined aquifers. The DRASTIC method was considered the most basic vulnerability studies.In this study, we intend initially to implement the DRASTIC model, as it was developed by US-EPA. The results of application of DRASTIC will be discussed and validated against available knowledge on Dogger groundwater quality, and in particular nitrate levels. Secondly, the development of a new approach will be developed based on a combination of DRASTIC model and a concept recently developed by the Chamber of Agriculture of Vienne soil susceptibility to infiltration. The results showed that this new approach results in a vulnerability assessment of the aquifer is entirely consistent with the state of contamination of the well and integrates all the parameters (risk parameters intrinsic parameters) involved in transferring pollutants from the soil surface to the well.
Belhadj, Naoufel. "Variations par temps de pluie des débits dans les réseaux d'eaux usées de type séparatif : Identification des composantes et modélisation des infiltrations." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9435.
Full textThe present concern about urban storm drainage and pollution control should not apply to separate foul water sewerage. However, flowrates that can be monitored at the outlets of such sewerage display huge variations along with rainfall, very much alike the ones related with combined systems. Inappropriate connexions of runoff water are not the sole explanation for such a behaviour, and infiltration is to be considered. Leaking defects, included the ones located on private properties, involve rather complex mechanisms which result in drainage of large flows into the collection pipes. These flows can reach high values whatever timescale is considered (yearly, daily and even hourly flowrates). But these flowrates cannot be easily quatify, because they depend not only on rainfall events, but also on what happened before, and on the season. So we developped a mathematical model to simulate these flowrates, and validated this model using field data and sensibility analysis. This model should be a valuable tool for sewer evaluation studies
Domingue, Catherine. "Modélisation 3D de l'écoulement de l'eau souterraine et évaluation de l'efficacité de différentes méthodes de cimentation pour la réduction d'infiltrations d'eau à la mine Éléonore." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27922.
Full textGroundwater infiltrations into underground excavations represent a major engineering challenge at the Éléonore mine. Pumping and pre-grouting are the mitigation methods used to control water inflows into the mine workings. Even though these methods seem to give good results to reduce water inflows, a better understanding of the flow system throughout the domain of interest and optimisation of pre-grouting approaches can be achieved to reduce the amount of cement used for grouting. A 3D finite-element by control volume model is built with the modified approach of Blessent (2009), including a tetrahedral mesh to represent the porous media coupled to the major structures. The calibration results from the 3D numerical model with a pumping test show that an increased refinement of wells and more investigations on the structures properties on-site should be done. It is also suggested that the division of the porous mass into five hydrostratigraphic intervals should be reviewed. The calibrated properties of the 3D numerical model are then used to build a 2D conceptual model of a fictive stope with a water-conductive structure nearby. Sensitivity analysis of cement injection into the porous mass or the structure itself are performed with three different versions of this conceptual model. The results of these analysis show that a condition of regional flow through the model has no significant impact on the results. The sensitivity analysis show that for a fracture above the stope, grouting the area between the stope and the fracture is better to reduce water inflows in the stope than grouting the structure itself. Also, in the case of a structure intercepting the stope, grouting the structure as widely as possible is more efficient to reduce the inflows into the stope.