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Academic literature on the topic 'INFILLED WALLS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "INFILLED WALLS"

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Umar, Muhammad, Syed Azmat Ali Shah, Khan Shahzada, Muhammad Tayyab Naqash, and Wajid Ali. "Assessment of Seismic Capacity for Reinforced Concrete Frames with Perforated Unreinforced Brick Masonry Infill Wall." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091625.

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Infill walls increase the strength and stiffness of the reinforced concrete frames, but they usually are not considering in design. However, when the infills are considered in the design, the opening for doors/windows necessitates investigation as well. This research work aims to investigate the effect of perforations (openings) in the infill walls on the performance of infilled RC frames, in other words, this research investigates the number of infill walls in infilled RC frames. Based on the current construction practices in Pakistan, two full scales perforated infilled RC frames were constructed in the laboratory. One infilled RC frame has an eccentric door and window (specimen-1) while the other has only window at its centre (specimen-2). Both the specimens were tested against reverse cyclic loading (quasi-static test). From the experimental testing, it was found that infilled RC frame having less amount of opening in infill wall has more resistance to lateral loads, have more stiffness and dissipated higher energy as compared to infilled RC frame having a significant size of the opening in infill wall. Similarly, displacement ductility (µD) and Response modification factor (R) also depend on the quantity of opening in infill wall in infilled RC frame. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091625 Full Text: PDF

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Marinković, Marko, Santiago Calvinisti, and Christoph Butenweg. "Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete frame buildings with decoupled infill walls." Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 63, no. 4 (2020): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2004013m.

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Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill walls are widely used in many countries all over the world. Although infills are considered as non-structural elements, they significantly change dynamic characteristics of RC frame structures during earthquake excitation. Recently, significant effort was spent on studying decoupled infills, which are isolated from the surrounding frame usually by adding a gap between frame and infill. In this case, the frame deformation does not activate infill wall, thus infills are not influencing the behaviour of the frame. This paper presents the results of the investigation of the behaviour of RC frame buildings with the INODIS system that decouples masonry infills from the surrounding frame. Effect of masonry infill decoupling was investigated first on the one-bay one-storey frame. This was used as a base for parametric study on the frames with more bays and storeys, as well as on the building level. Change of stiffness and dynamic characteristics was analysed as well as response under earthquake loading. Comparison with the bare frame and traditionally infilled frame was performed. The results show that behaviour of the decoupled infilled frames is similar to the bare frame, whereas behaviour of frames with traditional infills is significantly different and demands complex numerical models. This means that if adequate decoupling is applied, design of infilled frame buildings can be significantly simplified.

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Grubišić, Marin, Tanja Kalman Šipoš, Ante Grubišić, and Benjamin Pervan. "Testing of Damaged Single-Bay Reinforced Concrete Frames Strengthened with Masonry Infill Walls." Buildings 13, no. 4 (April 13, 2023): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041021.

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Despite achieving consensus and having current knowledge on the behaviour and contribution of masonry infill walls, there remain unresolved issues regarding their nonlinear behaviour as a method for strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) frames with effective modifications, primarily infills and the interconnection of infills and frames. The challenge for safely and economically designing frames with competent walls is to utilise the stiffening benefits while ensuring that the increased lateral forces and reduced drift capacity do not hinder performance. This study aims to investigate the potential of using masonry infill to strengthen previously slightly damaged RC frames. Experimental tests were conducted on previously slightly damaged RC frame specimens infilled with vertically hollowed-clay and solid-clay masonry units, connected to the frame elements using traditional methods (i.e., avoiding the use of modern composite materials). These strengthened infilled frame structures were subjected to constant vertical and cyclic lateral loading, which revealed improved stiffness, strength, and damping characteristics, enhancing their overall behaviour. As the main novelties, the study found that when damaged RC frames were strengthened with masonry infill walls, their performance resembled that of undamaged infilled RC frames. The strengthened infilled frame structures exhibited enhanced stiffness, strength, and hysteretic damping. The increase in stiffness was observed regardless of the type of masonry units and the strengthening technique employed. However, the improvements in strength and hysteretic damping were influenced by the specific masonry units, particularly their robustness, and the chosen reinforcement method.

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Leite, João, Paulo B. Lourenço, and Nuno Mendes. "Design Proposal for Masonry Infill Walls Subject to Seismic Actions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010503.

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Several factors influence the behaviour of masonry infilled frames, which have been the subject of previous research with moderate success. The new generation of European design standards imposes the need to prevent the brittle collapse of infills and makes the structural engineer accountable for this requirement, yet it fails to provide sufficient information for masonry infill design. The present study aimed to compare experimental results with the provisions of the standard for the computation of the demand and capacity of infilled frames. Three reinforced concrete buildings with different infill solutions were constructed at a 1:1.5 scale. The infill walls were tested until collapse, or severe damage, using the shake table of the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Portugal, and their response was measured using accelerometers attached to the walls. The European normative standard provides results close to the experimental ones as far as demand and capacity are concerned. Based on the experiments, two design proposals for infill walls are presented here, one for the definition of the natural frequency of the infills, and another for a reduction factor to account for the presence of openings in the out-of-plane capacity of infills.

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Hao, Wei Jie, and Xing Fu Hu. "Summary of Seismic Performance of the Frame Structure with Infill-Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1600–1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1600.

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Frame structure with infill-walls has been widely used in China, Many domestic experts and scholars have done a great deal studies on the seismic behavior of infilled frames and theorizes that the infill-walls greatly influences the frame structure on seismic behavior. In this paper, summarized the seismic performance of infilled frames from three aspects: the arrangement and structure of infill walls and their connection with frame beam-column.

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Ferraioli, Massimiliano, and Angelo Lavino. "Irregularity Effects of Masonry Infills on Nonlinear Seismic Behaviour of RC Buildings." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (June 29, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4086320.

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Despite extensive research studies, the seismic response of infilled reinforced concrete buildings remains an open problem due to both the complexity of the interaction between the infill and the frame and the large number of parameters involved. Thus, guidelines for both modelling and analysis are still lacking and the infill walls are normally treated as nonstructural components in seismic codes. However, it may be not conservative to neglect the influence of infills. In fact, the infill masonry walls may significantly affect the stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation capacity of RC buildings, even when they are regularly distributed. Recognizing this influence and its importance on the vulnerability of infilled frames, Eurocode 8 requires amplifying seismic action effects due to infills. In this paper, the effectiveness of the Eurocode 8 design provisions for infill irregularity in plan and/or elevation was investigated. To this aim, different in-plan layouts of infill walls were selected as marginal cases for which Eurocode 8 does not require amplification of the action effects due to the presence of infills, or the additional measures to counteract these effects are not mandatory. The seismic vulnerability of the infilled RC buildings was evaluated using nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses. Both cracking and crushing of masonry and stiffness and strength degradation were considered in the analysis. The effect of the layout of the masonry infills on the seismic response in terms of resistance and displacement was evaluated. Results show that in one of the case studies here examined, it is not conservative to neglect the influence of infill panels. In fact, structural failure due to torsion and soft-storey effects may occur even in cases where Eurocode 8 does not require the amplification of the action effects. Finally, the total shear demand on columns may be underestimated, even in cases where the code provisions for infills irregularity are not mandatory, and the additional shear demand in the columns induced by the masonry infill is very low.

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Wang, Xiaomin, Yuhan Su, Jingchang Kong, Maosheng Gong, and Chunhui Liu. "The Over-Strength Coefficient of Masonry-Infilled RC Frame Structures under Bidirectional Ground Motions." Buildings 12, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091290.

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The over-strength coefficient is one of the key factors for the seismic safety of a structure. For RC frames, the infill wall may improve the lateral bearing capacity, while the seismic demand increases as well, which leads to the unexpected seismic performance of an infilled RC frame in past earthquakes. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically study the over-strength effect of the infilled RC frames from the point of seismic capacity and demand. In this paper, 36 RC frame structures with/without infill walls are designed, and the corresponding finite element modelings, considering the in-plane and out-of-plane performance coupling effect of infill walls, are established to conduct incremental dynamic analyses (IDA). The seismic capacity values of over-strength coefficients are calculated, utilizing the IDA results under bidirectional ground motions. The effects of seismic precautionary intensity and number of stories on the over-strength coefficient of the RC frame with/without infill walls are discussed. The over-strength coefficient capacity value of the infilled frame is apparently higher than that of the bare frame, due to the contribution of infill walls. However, the seismic demand analysis of the over-strength coefficient shows that the capacity–demand ratio of masonry-infilled RC frame structures is greatly reduced, especially for the bottom soft-story infilled frame.

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YUEN, Y. P., and J. S. KUANG. "MASONRY-INFILLED RC FRAMES SUBJECTED TO COMBINED IN-PLANE AND OUT-OF-PLANE LOADING." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 02 (January 5, 2014): 1350066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500661.

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The structural responses of infilled frames subjected to combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings are usually analyzed by separately applying in-plane and out-of-plane loads. The interaction effect of in-plane and out-of-plane loads on the structural behavior of the frames is ignored; thus errors in predicting the actual force-transfer mechanisms and modes of failure of the structures can be incurred. To solve the problem, this paper presents a discrete finite element modeling technique, which employs a damage-based cohesive crack representation of fracture behavior of masonry infills, followed by a study on the force-transfer mechanisms and failure modes of the anchored and unanchored infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames subjected to interactive in-plane and out-of-plane loads. The analysis indicates that under out-of-plane loading the diagonal compressive thrust of masonry-infill walls, which is induced by in-plane lateral loading and acts on the walls, may reduce the in-plane load capacity of the RC frame by up to 50% and cause buckling of infill walls. On the other hand, the anchorage can effectively prevent the separation of infill walls from the bounding frame and provide stabilizing forces to the walls against buckling.

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Sattar, Siamak, and Abbie B. Liel. "Seismic Performance of Nonductile Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Walls—II: Collapse Assessment." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 2 (May 2016): 819–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091514eqs141m.

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This paper quantifies the collapse performance of a set of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings that are representative of 1920s-era construction in Los Angeles, California. These buildings have solid clay-brick infill walls and vary in height (2–8 stories), wall configuration (bare, partially, and fully infilled frames), and wall thickness (1–3 wythes). The buildings’ collapse behavior is assessed through dynamic analysis of nonlinear models. These models represent the walls by diagonal struts whose properties are developed from finite-element (FE) analyses, as described in the companion paper, and represent beam-columns with lumped-plasticity models. The results indicate that the presence of infill walls can increase the risk of collapse. The most collapse prone of the buildings considered are those with strong, heavy infill walls, which induce large force demands in the frame elements. The partially infilled frames, which have a soft and weak first story, also perform poorly.

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Shendkar, Mangeshkumar R., Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni, Ercan Işık, Sasankasekhar Mandal, Pabitra Ranjan Maiti, and Ehsan Harirchian. "Influence of Masonry Infill on Seismic Design Factors of Reinforced-Concrete Buildings." Shock and Vibration 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5521162.

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Infill walls are the most common separator panels in typical reinforced-concrete (RC) frame structures. It is crucial to investigate the influence of the infill walls on the earthquake behavior of RC frames. The load resistance of infill materials was often not taken into account in the designing phase, whereas the infill walls have significant contributions to the structural behavior under lateral and vertical loadings. A three-dimensional 4-story RC building is designed, and in order to make a realistic model, different infill walls configurations were taken into account with the openings in the infill. Four different models were created for structural analysis for infill wall effects, namely, full RC infilled frame (Model I), corner infill at ground story RC infilled frame (Model II), open ground story RC infilled frame (Model III), and bare RC frame (Model IV). Static adaptive pushover analysis has been performed for all structural models by using the SeismoStruct software. The double strut nonlinear cyclic model was used for modeling the infill walls. In this study, three different compressive strengths of infill walls are taken into consideration, and the effects on seismic design factors (namely, the response reduction factor, the ductility, the overstrength factor, and the deflection factor) are calculated. The obtained values of the response reduction factor (R) are compared with the given values in the BIS code. The results show that the R factors of all RC infilled frames are decreased when the compressive strength of the masonry infill reduces. However, the R values of bare frames are less than the corresponding values recommended in the BIS code. It is worth noting that the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) provisions underestimate the deflection factors of the reinforced-concrete (RC) frames according to the evaluated deflection factors of the herein studied RC frames.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "INFILLED WALLS"

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Bolourchi, M. "Inclusion of a layer of lead in infilled frame structure." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383465.

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Stavridis, Andreas. "Analytical and experimental study of seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames infilled with masonry walls." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386928.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 19, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-372).

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Nicoletti, Vanni. "Experimental Evaluation of Infill Masonry Walls Stiffness for the Modelling of Non-Structural Components in R.C. Frame Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253124.

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Solitamente le tamponature vengono trascurate nella modellazione delle strutture a telaio in cemento armato e solamente il loro contributo in termini di massa viene preso in considerazione, assumendo che la resistenza e la rigidezza delle stesse non influiscano sulla risposta strutturale. Questa pratica è supportata dal fatto che (i) generalmente allo stato limite ultimo le tamponature si considerano completamente danneggiate e, quindi, il loro contributo in termini di rigidezza è trascurabile, mentre (ii) allo stato limite di danno il valore dello spostamento di interpiano, ottenuto trascurando il contributo di rigidezza delle tamponature, può essere considerato a favore di sicurezza. Tuttavia, per edifici di importanza strategica, quali scuole, ospedali, caserme delle forze dell’ordine e dei Vigili del Fuoco, è cruciale preservare le tamponature da qualsiasi danno, anche per terremoti di entità severa, in modo da garantire il normale utilizzo dell’edificio durante la gestione dell’emergenza. Inoltre, questi edifici a volte sono sismicamente protetti con sistemi e dispositivi (smorzatori, isolatori, ecc…) il cui progetto richiede che sia tenuto in considerazione il reale comportamento dinamico della struttura (in termini di frequenze e/o spostamenti e/o velocità). Per questo diventa cruciale modellare accuratamente l’intera struttura, includendo le tamponature, e validare questo modello così ottenuto sulla base dell’evidenza sperimentale. La tipologia delle pareti e le loro procedure costruttive sono fonte di incertezze nella modellazione delle interazioni tra la struttura e gli elementi non strutturali. Quindi, una valutazione sperimentale delle proprietà di rigidezza dei pannelli di tamponatura potrebbe essere molto utile per valutare, all’interno del modello strutturale adottato per il progetto, il contributo in termini di rigidezza fornito alla struttura in c.a. da questi elementi non strutturali. In questa tesi viene presentata una procedura per realizzare modelli globali agli elementi finiti accurati di edifici a telaio in c.a. tamponati, basandosi su risultati ottenuti da analisi modali sperimentali e operative sviluppate rispettivamente su elementi non strutturali e sull’intero edificio. In particolare, sono stati eseguiti test di impatto con martello strumentato su pareti omogenee per identificarne i parametri modali (frequenze e forme modali) e per stimarne le proprietà meccaniche. Dopo di che, le tamponature sono state inserite nel modello strutturale globale agli elementi finiti, i cui parametri modali vengono confrontati con quelli derivanti da analisi modali operative basate su misurazioni di vibrazioni ambientali per valutarne l’accuratezza. In seguito, è stata condotta una campagna sperimentale su tre provini di tamponatura costruiti all’interno del Laboratorio di Prove di Materiali e Strutture della Facoltà di Ingegneria dell’Università Politecnica delle Marche. Questi provini sono stati realizzati con l’intento di riprodurre le caratteristiche di alcune delle tamponature testate in sito e su di essi vengono svolte prove sia dinamiche che statiche. Innanzi tutto, sono stati effettuati test ad impatto con martello strumentato per investigarne il comportamento dinamico fuori dal piano; successivamente sono state svolte prove di spinta laterale per investigare il comportamento statico nel piano dei pannelli soggetti a bassi livelli di forze orizzontali. I risultati sperimentali ottenuti sono stati utilizzati per calibrare modelli agli elementi finiti dei provini al fine di valutare l’esattezza delle proprietà meccaniche delle tamponature stimate in precedenza e secondo diversi approcci.
Infill walls are commonly disregarded in the modelling of reinforced concrete (r.c.) frame structures and only their contribution in terms of mass is taken into account assuming that resistance and stiffness do not affect the structural response. This practice is supported by the fact that (i) at ultimate limit state infill walls are usually considered to be completely damaged, so that their contribution is negligible in terms of stiffness, while (ii) at the damage limitation limit state the value of the interstorey drift, obtained by neglecting the infill walls stiffness contribution, is commonly considered to be conservative. However, for strategic buildings, such as schools, hospitals, police and fire stations, it is crucial to preserve the infill walls from any damage, even for severe earthquake, in order to guarantee the building occupancy during the emergency management. Furthermore, these buildings are sometimes seismically protected with system and devices (dampers, isolators, etc…) whose design requires the real dynamic behaviour of the structure (in terms of frequencies and/or displacements and/or velocities) to be considered. To this purpose, it becomes crucial to accurately model the entire structure, including infill walls, and to validate this model on the basis of experimental evidences. The wall typology and the construction procedures are source of uncertainties in modelling interactions between structural and non-structural components. Thus, an experimental evaluation of the stiffness properties of the wall infill panel could be very useful to assess the stiffening contribution added by the infill masonry walls to the concrete frame in the structural model adopted for the design. In this thesis is presented a procedure for developing accurate global finite element (f.e.) models of infilled r.c. frame buildings based on results of experimental an operational modal analysis of non-structural components and of the whole buildings. In particular, impact load tests with an instrumented hammer are performed on homogeneous wall panels to identify the modal parameters (frequency and mode shapes) and to estimate the mechanical properties of the masonry walls. Afterwards, the infill walls are included in the f.e. structural model, whose modal parameters are compared with those derived with operational modal analysis based on ambient vibration measurements. Furthermore, an experimental campaign on three specimens of infill masonry walls built in the Laboratory of Materials and Structures of the Faculty of Engineering at the Università Politecnica delle Marche is conducted. These specimens are built with the target to reproduce the features of some of the in situ investigated infill walls and are tested both dynamically and statically. First of all, impact load tests with an instrumented hammer are performed to investigate the out of plane dynamic behaviour of these walls; then, lateral load tests are carried out to investigate the in plane static behaviour of the panel under low level of lateral forces. The experimental results obtained are used to calibrate f.e. models of the specimens with the aim to evaluate the reliability of the masonry mechanical properties estimated through different approaches.

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Tasligedik, Ali Sahin. "Damage mitigation strategies for non-structural infill walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Department, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9462.

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In most design codes, infill walls are considered as non-structural elements and thus are typically neglected in the design process. The observations made after major earthquakes (Duzce 1999, L’Aquila 2009, Christchurch 2011) have shown that even though infill walls are considered to be non-structural elements, they interact with the structural system during seismic actions. In the case of heavy infill walls (i.e. clay brick infill walls), the whole behaviour of the structure may be affected by this interaction (i.e. local or global structural failures such as soft storey mechanism). In the case of light infill walls (i.e. non-structural drywalls), this may cause significant economical losses. To consider the interaction of the structural system with the ‘non-structural ’infill walls at design stage may not be a practical approach due to the complexity of the infill wall behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of the reported research is to develop innovative technological solutions and design recommendations for low damage non-structural wall systems for seismic actions by making use of alternative approaches. Light (steel/timber framed drywalls) and heavy (unreinforced clay brick) non-structural infill wall systems were studied by following an experimental/numerical research programme. Quasi-static reverse cyclic tests were carried out by utilizing a specially designed full scale reinforced concrete frame, which can be used as a re-usable bare frame. In this frame, two RC beams and two RC columns were connected by two un-bonded post tensioning bars, emulating a jointed ductile frame system (PRESSS technology). Due to the rocking behaviour at the beam-column joint interfaces, this frame was typically a low damage structural solution, with the post-tensioning guaranteeing a linear elastic behaviour. Therefore, this frame could be repeatedly used in all of the tests carried out by changing only the infill walls within this frame. Due to the linear elastic behaviour of this structural bare frame, it was possible to extract the exact behaviour of the infill walls from the global results. In other words, the only parameter that affected the global results was given by the infill walls. For the test specimens, the existing practice of construction (as built) for both light and heavy non-structural walls was implemented. In the light of the observations taken during these tests, modified low damage construction practices were proposed and tested. In total, seven tests were carried out: 1) Bare frame , in order to confirm its linear elastic behaviour. 2) As built steel framed drywall specimen FIF1-STFD (Light) 3) As built timber framed drywall specimen FIF2-TBFD (Light) 4) As built unreinforced clay brick infill wall specimen FIF3-UCBI (Heavy) 5) Low damage steel framed drywall specimen MIF1-STFD (Light) 6) Low damage timber framed drywall specimen MIF2-TBFD (Light) 7) Low damage unreinforced clay brick infill wall specimen MIF5-UCBI (Heavy) The tests of the as built practices showed that both drywalls and unreinforced clay brick infill walls have a low serviceability inter-storey drift limit (0.2-0.3%). Based on the observations, simple modifications and details were proposed for the low damage specimens. The details proved to be working effectively in lowering the damage and increasing the serviceability drift limits. For drywalls, the proposed low damage solutions do not introduce additional cost, material or labour and they are easily applicable in real buildings. For unreinforced clay brick infill walls, a light steel sub-frame system was suggested that divides the infill panel zone into smaller individual panels, which requires additional labour and some cost. However, both systems can be engineered for seismic actions and their behaviour can be controlled by implementing the proposed details. The performance of the developed details were also confirmed by the numerical case study analyses carried out using Ruaumoko 2D on a reinforced concrete building model designed according to the NZ codes/standards. The results have confirmed that the implementation of the proposed low damage solutions is expected to significantly reduce the non-structural infill wall damage throughout a building.

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Ebert, Doreen. "4 walls +." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33424.

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A higher level of complexity is possible by combining more than one idea as long as the order of the elements is readable in each built condition. Order is possible at any level of complexity. The more complex the greater the need of order. Order can be the relationship of a limited set of elements that inform and reform each other.
Master of Architecture

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Schumacher, Ann. "Connection of infill panels in steel plate shear walls." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21206.pdf.

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Lunn, Dillon Stewart. "Behavior of Infill Masonry Walls Strengthened with FRP Materials." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04282009-143603/.

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Collapse of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, including infill walls, is a leading cause of property damage and loss of life during extreme loading events. Many existing structures are in need of retrofit to bring them in compliance with modern design code provisions. Conventional strengthening techniques are often time-consuming, costly, and add significant weight to the structure. These limitations have driven the development of alternatives such as externally bonded (EB) glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) strengthening systems, which are not only lightweight, but can be rapidly applied and do not require prolonged evacuation of the structure. The objective of this research program was to evaluate the effectiveness of strengthening infill masonry walls with externally bonded GFRP sheets to increase their out-of-plane resistance to loading. The experimental program comprises fourteen full-scale specimens, including four un-strengthened (control) specimens and ten strengthened specimens. All specimens consisted of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame (which simulates the supporting RC elements of a building superstructure) that was in-filled with solid concrete brick masonry. The specimens were loaded by out-of-plane uniformly distributed pressure in cycles up to failure. Parameters investigated include the aspect ratio, the strengthening ratio, the number of wythes, and the type of FRP anchorage used. The type of FRP anchorage was found to greatly influence the failure mode. Un-strengthened specimens failed in flexure. However, strengthened specimens without overlap of the FRP onto the RC frame failed due to sliding shear along the bed joints which allowed the walls to push out from the RC frames in a rigid body fashion. In the case where GFRP sheets were overlapped onto the RC frames, the aforementioned sliding shear caused delamination of the GFRP sheets from the RC frames. Use of steel angles anchored along the perimeter of the walls as shear restraints allowed these walls to achieve three times the service load without any visible signs of distress. GFRP strengthening of infill masonry walls was found to be effective, provided that proper anchorage of the FRP laminate was assured.

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Ozturk, Mehmet Selim. "Effects Of Masonry Infill Walls On The Seismic Performance Of Buildings." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606753/index.pdf.

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In Turkey, in most of the reinforced concrete buildings, hallow masonry infill walls are used as a non-structural element, during design stage, their contribution to overall building behavior is not well known. Observations made after the earthquakes revealed that these non-structural elements had beneficial effects on the lateral capacity of the building. In this study, the contribution of the hallow masonry infill walls to the lateral behavior of reinforced concrete buildings was investigated. For this purpose, two different buildings were chosen as case studies. Three and six story symmetric buildings are modeled as bare and infilled frames. The parameters that were investigated are column area, infill wall area, distribution of masonry infill walls throughout the story. To determine the effect of each parameter, global drift ratios are computed and are compared for each case.

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Cornelio, Tony Justin. "Effect of infill panels on the seismic response of a typical R.C. frame." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2868/.

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Three structural typologies has been evaluated based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis (i.e. Newmark's methods for MDFs: average acceleration method with Modified Newton-Raphson iteration). Those structural typologies differ each other only for the infills presence and placement. In particular, with the term BARE FRAME: the model of the structure has two identical frames, arranged in parallel. This model constitutes the base for the generation of the other two typologies, through the addition of non-bearing walls. Whereas with the term INFILLED FRAME: the model is achieved by adding twelve infill panels, all placed in the same frame. Finally with the term PILOTIS: the model has been generated to represent structures where the first floor has no walls. Therefore the infills are positioned in only one frame in its three upper floors. All three models have been subjected to ten accelerograms using the software DRAIN 2000.

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Akin, Emre. "Strengthening Of Brick Infilled Rc Frames With Cfrp Reinforcement-general Principles." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613172/index.pdf.

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There is an excessive demand for the rehabilitation of frame type reinforced concrete (RC) buildings which do not satisfy current earthquake code provisions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop user-friendly seismic strengthening methodologies which do not necessitate the evacuation of building during rehabilitation period. In this study, it was aimed to strengthen the brick infill walls by means of diagonal Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) fabrics and to integrate them with the existing structural frame in order to form a new lateral load resisting system. The possible effects of height to width (aspect) ratio of the infill walls and scale of the frame test specimens on the overall behavior attained by the developed rehabilitation methodology were investigated. The experimental part of the study was carried out in two steps. In the first step, ten individual panel specimens were tested in order to understand the behavior of strengthened/non-strengthened masonry walls under diagonal earthquake loads. And in the second step, the tests of eight 1/3 and four 1/2 scaled one-bay, two-story RC frames having two different aspect ratios were performed to determine design details. The experimental results were revealed in terms of lateral stiffness, strength, drift and energy dissipation characteristics of the specimens. In the analytical part, an equivalent strut and tie approach was used for modeling the strengthened/non-strengthened infill walls of the frames. The predicted pushover responses of the frame models were compared with the test results. The design criteria required for the aforementioned strengthening methodology was developed referring these analytical results.

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Books on the topic "INFILLED WALLS"

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Mohammed, Nazief. Behaviour Of Masonry Infill Walls With And Without Openings. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "INFILLED WALLS"

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Ersoy, Ugur, Guney Ozcebe, Tugrul Tankut, Ugurhan Akyuz, Emrah Erduran, and Ibrahim Erdem. "Strengthening of Infilled Walls with CFRP Sheets." In Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 305–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_15.

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Tsimbelman, N. Ya, I. V. Kuzovatkin, T. I. Chernova, Ya I. Kotik, D. Iu Ivannikov, and V. N. Babkin. "Retaining walls made of infilled blocks in civil engineering." In Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies, 2600–2605. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299127-405.

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Seki, Matsutaro, Masaki Maeda, and Hamood Al-Washali. "A Proposal on the Simplified Structural Evaluation Method for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Infilled Brick Masonry Walls." In Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment, 493–503. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74724-8_33.

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Hao, Jiping, Xinghuang Wu, Weifeng Tian, Shenghui Li, and Rong Wang. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Weak-Axis Connected Steel Plate Shear Wall with Non-slotted and Partially Slotted Infill Plates." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 113–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_11.

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AbstractAll Components with H-shaped section are widely used in steel structures, in which the connection of beam section to column flange (i.e. weak-axis connection) is inevitable. In order to study the mechanical properties of weak-axis connected steel plate shear walls, a 1/3 scaled steel plate wall specimen was designed and subjected to a cyclic test to investigate the properties of stiffness, strength, ductility and energy dissipation. On the basis of this, the partially slotted steel plate shear wall was proposed. The FE model of the test specimen was developed and verified with the test results by FE software Abaqus. Subsequently, the FE model of the partially slotted steel plate wall was developed to study mechanical properties by comparing it with the test specimen. The analysis results show that the partially slotted infill plate can fully play the tension field and avoid the beam’s in-span bending, which effectively improves the structural ductility and energy consumption. Although the partially slotted infill plate will weaken the lateral resistance, the partially slotted SPSW still accounts for 75% of that one without slots in lateral bearing capacity. Additionally, the ductility of this partially slotted one is up to 5.79, and its equivalent viscous damping ratio reaches 30%.

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Cimellaro, Gian Paolo, and Sebastiano Marasco. "Seismic Modeling of Infill Walls." In Introduction to Dynamics of Structures and Earthquake Engineering, 369–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72541-3_16.

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Shi, Dingding. "Seismic performance of infilled wall-steel frame structure." In Advances in Civil Engineering: Structural Seismic Resistance, Monitoring and Detection, 78–86. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310884-12.

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Furtado, Andre Filipe. "Simplified Macro-modelling of Infill Masonry Walls Seismic Behaviour." In Springer Theses, 263–345. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20372-5_7.

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Mi, Xufeng, Lin Wang, and Guobao Zhou. "Analysis Model for Concrete Infill Slit-Wall." In Computational Structural Engineering, 1231–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2822-8_139.

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Lombillo, I., Y. Boffill, J. Pinilla, E. Moreno, and H. Blanco. "Characterization of Ancient Mixed Masonry Structures of Brickwork Infilled by Cobblestone Wall." In Case Studies in Building Rehabilitation, 17–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49202-1_2.

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Karadogan, Faruk, Sumru Pala, Alper Ilki, Ercan Yuksel, Waiel Mowrtage, Pinar Teymur, Gulseren Erol, Kivanc Taskin, and Rasit Comlek. "Improved Infill Walls and Rehabilitation of Existing Low-Rise Buildings." In Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting, 387–426. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2681-1_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "INFILLED WALLS"

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Aliyu, Ahmad Mubarak, and Adamu Kabiru. "Influence of infill wall in RC frames." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf214.

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The function of infilled masonry reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings during severe events such as blast caused by explosions or earth movement – earthquake and other significant lateral displacement could seriously damage a supporting frame column, causing the frame to collapse completely or partially. The behaviour of a framed structure associated with loss of supporting column as a result of vertical gravitational loading imbalance has received less attention in recent studies. When a supporting column is removed in a framed structure, it is assumed that the member deflection increases significantly, which could be restrained by the infill wall, resulting in contact forces between the infill wall and the frame. These interaction forces have an impact on the distributions of shear forces and bending moments along the frame components, which can contribute to frame stability or failure. The current study aims to address these key issues and gain insight into the performance of infilled-frame activity in the absence of a peripheral supporting column. This study’s methodology is based on a numerical investigation of a typical RC infilled-frame subjected to gravitational loading using the three-dimensional discrete element code (3DEC) model. The scenarios considered include; investigation of the loaded structure with the column in place, without the column in place but supported by an infilled wall and with the effect of lateral load acting on the structure without a peripheral column support. The results indicate that masonry infill walls considerably increase the frame resistance to vertical load action, compared to the resistance of a bare frame up to 18%, therefore, the infill wall could play a major role in maintaining the structural system stability/integrity and reducing the likelihood of a progressive collapse.

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Wang Meng, He Mingsheng, Lu Junlong, and Huang Wei. "Numerical analysis of MTMD by infilled-walls in frame structures." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776118.

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Furtado, André, Hugo Rodrigues, António Arêde, Humberto Varum, and Pedro Delgado. "PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF INFILLED RC STRUCTURES CONSIDERING THE INFILL MASONRY WALLS OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOUR." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5455.18547.

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Qin, Rong, Guo Lanhui, Fan Feng, and Zhang Sumei. "Seismic behavior of composite frame infilled composite steel plate shear walls." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769262.

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Elesawy, Alaa, and Mustafa Batikha. "Structural behaviour of steel plate infilled outrigger wall system." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1265.

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<p>The resistance of lateral loads is historically the main challenge in tall buildings. Structural Engineers always strive to find a redundant lateral resisting system that provides the required structural resistance, unleashes the architectural expression, optimizes the quantities and improves the constructability. Because of the increased stiffness together with the overturning resistance they provide and being a cost-effective solution, the outrigger systems are very efficient against the lateral loads in tall buildings. Conventionally, steel truss and reinforced concrete walls are used in the design and construction of outrigger systems. In this study, a steel infill plate connected to a reinforced concrete frame was investigated as an effective outrigger structural system in order to increase the initial stiffness and the load-carrying capacity and improve the ductility of the outrigger systems. Numerical Finite Element (FE) method using Geometrically and Materially Non-linear Analysis with Imperfection (GMNIA) was conducted in this study. In addition, the numerical analysis results were verified by the experimental results. As a result of this research, the ductility, strength, and initial stiffness of the steel plate-infilled outrigger were extremely improved than that of the traditional outrigger truss system.</p>

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Han, Jianping, Zhenlong Zhang, Linjie Huang, and Xiaoyun Sun. "INFLUENCE OF IN-PLANE AND OUT-OF-PLANE INTERACTION OF INFILL WALLS ON GLOBAL COLLAPSE RESISTANCE CAPACITY OF INFILLED RC FRAME." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5653.18616.

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Memari, A. M., and M. Aliaari. "Seismic Isolation of Masonry Infill Walls." In Structures Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40700(2004)17.

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Mertz, Greg, and Thomas Houston. "Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Walls With Granular Infill." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93610.

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Reinforced concrete walls sandwiching granular infill may be used to enhance missile protection of selected facilities. Two behaviors complicate the seismic response of the assemblage of granular material contained by the two concrete wall elements. First, the granular material tends to settle when the walls pull apart in a breathing mode. This settling increases the lateral pressure acting on each wall, generating a set of forces that acts to spread the walls apart. Settling of the granular material combined with spreading of the walls results in breathing mode deformations that can occur in a ratcheting behavior, with the walls moving progressively further apart with each cycle of strong ground motion. Second, friction forces develop between the two walls and granular material. These forces may cause partial flexural coupling of the two walls (i.e., partial composite action). Soil mechanics solutions for lateral soil pressure acting in trenches are adapted to predict the lateral pressure of granular infill. The granular material is represented by a bilinear lateral response representing the active flow regime. The seismic response of granular infill concrete walls is studied using nonlinear finite element analysis. Simple structural models appropriate for routine seismic analysis that capture important aspects of the seismic response are proposed.

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Budiwati, Ida Ayu Made, and Made Sukrawa. "Development of diagonal strut width formula for infill wall with reinforced opening in modeling seismic behavior of RC infilled frame structures." In HUMAN-DEDICATED SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN: MATERIALS, RESOURCES, AND ENERGY: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5042918.

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Yeh, Yung-Hsin, and Wen-I. Liao. "Cyclic Performance of Two-Story Ductile RC Frames With Infill Walls." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71453.

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This paper presents the results of the experimental and analytical investigations conducted on four 0.8 scale 2-story one bay ductile reinforced concrete frames with infill nonstructural walls subjected to cyclically increasing loads. The material properties and the member sizes of beams and columns in the four RC frame specimens are identical, but with different types of infill nonstructural wall. These four frames are the pure frame, frame with short column, frame with short beam and frame with wing walls. The four RC frame specimens were designed and constructed according to the general prototype building structures in Taiwan. Test results indicate that the ductility behavior of the frames with infill wall is similar to those of the pure frame. The ultimate base shear strength of the frames with infill walls is higher than those of the pure frame. Analytical results show that the proposed simplified multi-linear beam-column element implemented in a general purpose structural analysis program can accurately simulate the cyclic responses of the RC frame specimen incorporating the elastic flexural stiffness computations suggested by the model building codes.

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Reports on the topic "INFILLED WALLS"

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Guo, Yan-Lin, Xiao Yang, Peng Zhou, Jing-Shen Zhu, and Meng-Zheng Wang. DESIGN METHOD OF WALL PANEL STABILITY OF CONCRETE-INFILLED DOUBLE STEEL CORRUGATED-PLATE WALLS UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.124.

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Zhu, Jing-Shen, Yan-Lin Guo, Meng-Zheng Wang, and Xiao Yang. FAILURE MECHANISM OF STEEL CORRUGATED-PLATES IN CONCRETE-INFILLED DOUBLE STEEL CORRUGATED-PLATE WALLS UNDER COMPRESSIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.077.

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Guo, Yan-Lin, Meng-Zheng Wang, Jing-Shen Zhu, and Xiao Yang. LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF CONCRETE-INFILLED DOUBLE STEEL CORRUGATED-PLATE WALLS WITH T-SECTION UNDER COMBINED AXIAL COMPRESSION AND BENDING MOMENT. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.076.

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Al-Chaar, Ghassan L., and Armin Mehrabi. Constitutive Models for Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Masonry Prisms and Infill Walls. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada496667.

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SEISMIC COLLAPSE AND DEBRIS DISTRIBUTION OF STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES WITH INFILL WALLS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.315.

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Urban buildings will collapse when subjected to extreme earthquake. Debris caused by collapse can block roads, hinder rescue and increase casualties. Therefore, predicting the collapsed debris scope makes sense for earthquake damage estimation and urban disaster reduction. To solve the problem of element disappearance in the finite element method, the animation simulation technology is introduced in this study. The complete collapse process of steel frame structures with infill walls characterized by different height-width ratios and length-width ratios is simulated, and the distribution of collapsed debris is analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed method can completely reproduce the collapse process and collapsed debris distribution of the steel frames. Besides, the contribution of infill walls significantly expands the collapsed debris scope. Last, considering the length-width ratios and height-width ratios of the buildings, a prediction method of collapsed debris blocked area of steel frame is proposed.

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