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1
Cuerda, María X., María A. Colombatti, María J. Gravisaco, María J. Marfil, Soledad Barandiaran, Iker A. Sevilla, Joseba M. Garrido, et al. "Pathogenesis of domestic pigs submitted to mycobacterial sensitizations previous to experimental infection with Mycobacterium bovis." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, no. 1 (March 2022): e0502-e0502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022201-18479.
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Aim of study: To demonstrate the virulence of a Mycobacterium bovis local pig isolate in order to contribute to a better understanding of the pathological and immunological consequences of M. bovis infection in previous sensitized animals. Area of study: Buenos Aires, Argentina Material and methods: One group of ten pigs received two oral doses of killed M. bovis suspension and a comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIT) (multiple sensitized) and then was infected with the M. bovis strain. Another group only received the CIT (single sensitized) and the infective dose. Humoral immune response was followed monthly, and gross pathology, histopathological and bacteriological analysis were performed at necropsy 100 days after infection. Main results: M. bovis oral infection induced lesions and allowed bacterial growth in most of the animals. Previous sensitization with killed M. bovis suspension slightly raised the intensity of the response, as the multiple sensitized group showed higher lesion scores and humoral response. Research highlights: Although the differences in lesion scores were not statistically significant, oral route infection after sensitization can modify the course of infections towards a fast development of lesions with a higher fibrous component suggestive of increased resistance to infection in the right conditions.
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Reimann, Mayra M., Eduardo Caio Torres-Santos, Celeste S. F. de Souza, Valter V. Andrade-Neto, Ana Maria Jansen, Reginaldo P. Brazil, and André Luiz R. Roque. "Oral and Intragastric: New Routes of Infection by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum?" Pathogens 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060688.
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Although Leishmania transmission in nature is associated with the bite of an infected sandfly vector, other possible transmission routes are speculated to occur, such as the oral route. We evaluated the possibility of infection by this route in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) using Leishmania braziliensis (Lb) and Leishmania infantum (Li). Hamsters were exposed to experimental oral or intragastrical infection with axenic promastigotes, besides oral ingestion of a suspension of cultivated macrophages infected with amastigotes, lesion-fed Lutzomyia longipalpis, skin lesion or infective spleen fragment. The parasite’s isolation, besides a positive PCR and IFAT, confirmed the intragastric infection by promastigote parasites. The oral ingestion of macrophages infected with L. braziliensis amastigotes was also infective. These results confirmed that Leishmania parasites could infect mammals by the intragastric route through the ingestion of promastigote forms (what can happen after a sandfly ingestion) and by the oral ingestion of infected macrophages (what can happen in nature in a predator–prey interaction). The better understanding of these alternative routes is essential to understand their transmission dynamics in nature. As far as we know, this is the first time that oral and intragastric Leishmania transmission has been experimentally demonstrated, constituting new infection routes, at least for L. infantum and L. braziliensis.
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Ivanovic, Branislava, Snezana Matic, Milorad Pavlovic, Marijana Tadic, and Dragan Simic. "Are new recommendations on the prevention of infective endocarditis applicable in our environment?" Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 11-12 (2010): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1012714i.
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Introduction. Over half a century ago the process of prevention of infective endocarditis in patients with predisposed cardiac diseases was started. The application of prevention has been based on the fact that infective endocarditis is preceded by bacteraemia, which can be caused by some invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and whose development can be prevented by applying antibiotics before an intervention. According to the latest guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology published this year, prevention is recommended only in high risk patients with previous infective endocarditis, prosthetic valves, cyanotic congenital heart diseases without surgical repair or with residual defects, palliative shunts or conduits, congenital heart diseases with complete repair with prosthetic material up to six months after the procedure (surgery or percutaneous intervention), and when the residual defect persists at the site of implantation of a prosthetic material. In addition, antibiotic prophylaxis is limited to dental procedures with the manipulation of gingival or periapical region of the teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. Objective. The aim of this testing was to confirm whether these novelties in recommendations were applicable in our environment. Methods. Fifty-seven patients (44 men and 13 women) with infective endocarditis were included in the testing. Infective endocarditis was diagnosed in 68% of patients based on two major criteria and in 32% based on one major and three minor criteria. Results. In 54.4% of patients the entry site of infection could be determined. Twenty-one percent of patients developed infection after a dental intervention, 17.5% of patients the infection occurred after a skin/soft tissue lesion, whereas urinary infection preceded infective endocarditis in 14% of patients and bowel diverticulosis was a possible cause in of 1.75% of patients. In all cases with infective endocarditis preceded by the dental intervention, antibiotic prophylaxis was not applied due to absent data of heart disease or negligence. Conclusion. In our country a high incidence of infective endocarditis following dental procedures has been observed. One of possible reasons is poor oral hygiene. Its improvement and a regular dental control, as well as the individual risk assessment of intervention and conditions under which the intervention is performed could determine risk reduction for the development of infective endocarditis.
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Kaldas, Moody, André Barghorn, and Patrick R. Schmidlin. "Actinomycosis as a Rare Local Manifestation of Severe Periodontitis." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (February 3, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5961452.
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Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection primarily caused by anaerobic gram-positive filamentous bacteria, primarily of the genus Actinomyces. Oral-cervicofacial actinomycosis is the localization found most often, presenting as a soft tissue swelling, an abscess, a mass lesion, or sometimes an ulcerative lesion. Periodontitis-like lesions, however, are rare findings. This report describes the case of a 41-year-old healthy female patient (nonsmoker), who was referred to the clinic with dull and throbbing pain in the second quadrant. Tooth 25 showed increased mobility and probing pocket depths up to 10 mm, with profuse bleeding upon probing. Radiographically, considerable interproximal horizontal bone loss was found, and the diagnosis of periodontitis stage 3, grade C was made. The situation was initially stabilized with adhesive splinting and local anti-infective therapy. Two weeks later, the bone defect was treated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a xenogenic filler material (BioOss Collagen) and a resorbable membrane (Bio-Gide). Due to a suspicious appearance of the excised granulation tissue, the collected fragments were sent for histopathological evaluation. This evaluation revealed a chronic granulomatous inflammation with the presence of filamentous bacterial colonies, consistent with Actinomyces. The patient was successfully treated. While there are only few reports in the literature, actinomycotic lesions represent a rare but possible finding in cases with localized periodontal destruction. In conclusion, systematic biopsy of the infrabony tissue in localized periodontal lesions may help to provide a more accurate counting of Actinomyces-associated lesions, thereby improving diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
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Regmee, Pragya, Jyotsna Rimal, Iccha Kumar Maharjan, Sushma Pandey, Deepa Niroula, and Abhinaya Luitel. "Sclerotherapy for Oral Pyogenic Granuloma – A case report." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 13, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v13i2.17164.
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First described by Hullihen in 1844, Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign, exophytic vascular tumor. It is not infective, purulent or granulomatous but a reactive inflammatory mass of blood vessels with few fibroblasts within the mucosa or skin. Without any general agreement, there exist a variety of treatment options (complete surgical resection, cryosurgery, curettage, lasers etc). However, recurrence has been frequently reported. Sclerotherapy in PG (a vascular tumor) is not as commonly reported as in cases of hemangioma.Herein, we present a case of twenty-eight years old female with a clinical diagnosis of PG, treated with intralesional sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). Intralesional injection of 0.2 ml of undiluted STS was given for three visits between 10th of January and 21st of February 2016. The lesion healed completely at the patient’s fourth visit and recurrence was not reported till the patient was followed up for one year, i.e February 2017.
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Dakuko, A. N., N. V. Zavalina, V. N. Tsekhanovich, T. V. Bataeva, A. G. Kungurtseva, and A. V. Kauk. "Clinical case of complicated course of infectious endocarditis in a teenager." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 19 (November 14, 2022): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-19-114-121.
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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a heart disease of an infectious nature with a primary lesion of the endocardium, heart valves, ligaments, followed by dissemination of the process to various organs. Infective endocarditis still remains a disease that is difficult to diagnose and unpredictable in terms of outcomes; it is registered in all countries of the world. Despite all the advances in medicine, infective endocarditis remains an extremely dangerous disease, with a mortality rate of 10–30%. The most common causes of lethal outcome of IE are multiple complications: embolisms of various localization, including cerebral arteries, aneurysms, toxic lesions of the spleen, myocarditis and pericarditis, acute renal failure. Currently, in pediatric cardiology practice, the frequency of primary infective endocarditis, which occurs with a change in the clinical picture, its atypical variants, has increased. The awareness of doctors of all specialties about this problem, the correct and timely diagnosis of the disease allows prescribing adequate therapy earlier and thereby improves the prognosis. The aim of our work was to familiarize physicians with the clinical observation of a teenager with an atypical onset of primary infective endocarditis, occurring under the “mask” of acute cerebrovascular accident. Also, the peculiarity of this case was the primary diagnosis of hereditary thrombophilia in the patient and the possible debut of a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system during the examination, which certainly complicated the diagnostic search and affected the outcome of infective endocarditis. The significance of dental procedures preceding the disease in a child, unfortunately, was not properly appreciated by the parents, but it is the inflammatory process in the oral cavity that should be considered as a key etiological factor in the development of infective endocarditis in this case.
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Katari Gopalakrishanan, VishnuKumar, Magesh Murali, Shruthi Kamal Venkatraman, and Muthuvel Essaki. "Subcutaneous entomophthoromycosis in an immunocompetent individual: a localised forearm swelling." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 12 (December 2022): e247395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-247395.
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A man in his 80s with no known comorbidities presented with diffuse swelling on the dorsal aspect of his right forearm for 3 months. Clinical features were suggestive of soft tissue sarcoma of the right forearm. A high resolution CT scan of the thorax showed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with mild mediastinal lymphadenopathy. MRI of the right upper limb showed a suspicious neoplastic/infective aetiology. A core biopsy of the right arm swelling found a granuloma with no malignancy features so an incisional biopsy of the lesion was carried out. This indicated granulomatous inflammation with excessive giant cell reaction and focal panniculitis with the possibility of a mycotic lesion. Bronchoalveolar lavage was negative for tuberculosis and fungal infection. After a multidisciplinary team discussion, the patient was started on antifungal medication. There was a marked reduction in both the size and consistency of the swelling after several weeks of oral itraconazole and potassium iodide solution. The purpose of this report is to increase the awareness of this uncommon treatable condition which, if misdiagnosed, could result in an inappropriate intervention.
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Sarkar, Deepayan, Himani Chawla, Priti Singh, and Vidhya Verma. "Case of leprosy mimicking preseptal cellulitis: a diagnostic dilemma." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 1 (January 2022): e245641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-245641.
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A 36-year-old Asian man presented with swelling over the left frontal region involving the upper eyelids, with associated erythema and tenderness for 1 month duration. Clinically he was diagnosed as a case of preseptal cellulitis, however, the lesion did not improve on broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics. CT showed superficial soft tissue swelling in the forehead extending till the superior part of orbit. Histopathological assessment of the lesion revealed clusters of epithelioid cells with multinucleate giant cells in the dermis along with perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrates, suggestive of leprosy. The patient was started on oral steroids with multidrug therapy, following which the patient showed early resolution of the lesion within 10 days of treatment. Leprosy is endemic in India, leprosy with reactional episodes mimics other inflammatory and infective etiologies making diagnosis difficult. Leprosy should be present in an ophthalmologist’s diagnostic repertoire while dealing with periorbital swellings for early clinical diagnosis and favourable outcomes.
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Shivpuje, Anjali, and Pradeep Singhal. "A study of neurological problems in HIV infection." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 5 (April 23, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20201620.
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Background: Knowledge of central nervous system manifestation (CS) is crucial for clinical practitioners, which is why this study was conducted to identify the neurological manifestations in HIV patient is crucial problems with HIV and the difficulties in managing these patients.Methods: The present study was conducted on patients of HIV infection who were either admitted or being treated in OPD during study period. The cases were selected based seropositivity for HIV on two consecutive occasions by ELISA and presence of WHO surveillance definition criteria. Based on a detailed history account including high risk behaviour to HIV infection was obtained from patients or relatives. Then each patient was subjected to thorough physical examination with specific attention to any clinical evidence of immunosuppression viz oral thrush. Thorough neurological examination was done to localize the part of central nervous system affected. Patients were then categorized into various clinical neurological syndromes.Results: Commonest finding was single or multiple ring enhancing lesions seen in 21(35%) patients followed by basal exudates (21.6%). Hydrocephalus was seen in 5 patients (8.3%) and infarct due to vascular lesion in 4(7%) patients. Oral thrush was more commonly seen in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. CSF analysis was useful and revealed abnormalities in most of the patients with infective disorders.Conclusions: In conclusion, variety of neurologic manifestations occur and any part of nervous system can be affected in HIV infection and high index of euspicion is required to pick up the cases early in the course which may help to improve the quality and life span of these suspicion patients.
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Amnuay, Kamalas, Chayatat Sirinawin, Nonthikorn Theerasuwipakorn, Pairoj Chattranukulchai, and Chusana Suankratay. "Native Valve Infective Endocarditis Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in an Immunocompetent Host: The First Case in Asia and Literature Review in Asia and Australia." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9981286.
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Background. Infective endocarditis caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is extremely rare, occurring predominantly in individuals with prosthetic heart valves and HIV infection. To our knowledge, no case of H. capsulatum native valve endocarditis has been reported in Asia. Methodology. A descriptive study was carried out at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2020. Results. A previously healthy 34-year-old man developed fever, umbilicated skin lesions, oral ulcers, hoarseness of voice, severe weight loss, and progressive dyspnea over the course of one week. Facial umbilicated papules, nodular ulcers in his tongue and palate, a diastolic rumbling murmur at the mitral valve, diffuse fine crackles in both lungs, and engorged neck veins were detected during the examination. Skin scraping of the facial lesion revealed both extracellular and intracellular yeasts with buddings, 2–4 μm in size on Wright’s stain. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a left ventricular ejection fraction of 54 percent, severe rheumatic mitral stenosis, and multiple oscillating masses in the anterior mitral valve leaflet ranging in dimension from 1.5 to 2.4 cm. The HIV antibody test was negative. H. capsulatum endocarditis was diagnosed, and liposomal amphotericin B was administered. Due to cardiogenic shock, emergency open-heart surgery was conducted one day after admission. However, he died of multiorgan failure four days after the operation. The skin and vegetation cultures finally grew H. capsulatum after 1 week of incubation. Conclusions. To date, there has been handful of cases of H. capsulatum native valve endocarditis in non-HIV-infected patients. We report herein the first case in Thailand. Umbilicated skin lesions, especially combined with oral mucosal lesions, are a clinical clue that leads to the correct diagnosis of the causative organism.
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Jiang, Yanling, Luciano Magli, and Michael Russo. "Bacterium-Dependent Induction of Cytokines in Mononuclear Cells and Their Pathologic Consequences In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 2125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2125-2130.1999.
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ABSTRACT Viridans streptococci are a heterogeneous group of gram-positive bacteria that are normal inhabitants of the mouth. These organisms are thought to contribute significantly to the etiology of infective endocarditis, although recently they have been implicated in serious infections in other settings. Another group of oral bacteria, gram-negative anaerobes, is associated with chronic dental infections, such as periodontal diseases or endodontic lesion formation. We evaluated the ability of the oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas endodontalis to induce a pathogenic response in vivo, with the goal of quantifying the inflammatory response in soft tissue by measuring leukocyte recruitment and hard tissues by measuring osteoclastogenesis. S. mutansinduced a strong inflammatory response and was a potent inducer of osteoclast formation, while P. endodontalis was not. To further study the mechanisms by which P. endodontalis andS. mutans elicit significantly different levels of inflammatory responses in vivo, we tested the capacity of each to induce production of cytokines by mononuclear cells in vitro. S. mutans stimulated high levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), all of which are associated with inflammation, enhanced monocyte function, and generation of a Th1 response. In contrast, P. endodontalisstimulated production of IL-10 but not of TNF-α, IL-12, or IFN-γ. These results demonstrate that oral pathogens differ dramatically in their abilities to induce inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. Moreover, there is a high degree of correlation between the cytokine profile induced by these bacteria in vitro and their pathogenic capacity in vivo.
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Kokoceva-Ivanovskа, Olga, Efka Zabokova-Bilbilovska, and Aneta Mijoska. "ETYOLOGY OF CIRCULAR CARIES." Teacher of the future 31, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3104829k.
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In everyday dental practice, because of the incorrect diet and the absence of oral hygiene in the earliest childhood age, we increasingly face the problem of diagnosing circular cavities in the advanced developmental phase. The aim of the research was to show whether the diseases and complications which occur during the pregnancy period of the mother, and the child’s health condition immediately after the birth, affect the appearance and predisposition of the circular caries. Our examines were children 2-3 years old, where during the standard check-ups we diagnosed starting phases of circular caries-initial lesion (white spot) and superficial form. A questionnaire prepared in advance was given to the mothers of the children diagnosed with circular caries, where we inserted the data for the period of pregnancy (pathologic pregnancy, premature birth with complications and normal pregnancy without any complications) as well as the diseases of the children during the first year of their life (bronchitis, pneumonias, infective diseases). After elaborating the data from the questionnaire, we got the number of 28.21% mothers who had pathological pregnancy and 18.80% had premature birth accompanied with complications. In the first year of the age 35.38% of the children had bronchitis, pneumonias and very often 10% infective diseases. The analysis of the results showed that the circular caries so called early childhood caries is present more often at children whose mothers had pathological pregnancy, premature born children and children who were often ill during the first year of age. These results prove that the fact that problematic pregnancy and the child’s state of health immediately after the birth are factors of predisposition to the appearance of the early childhood caries.
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Wiedosari, Ening, and April Hari Wardhana. "Anticoccidial activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i4.1622.
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<p>The continuous use of anticoccidial drug in chicken often continuously generates drug resistance and tissue residue; so thatconsequently, a safe alternative anticoccidial drug based on herb is fundamentally required. The aim of thise study was to examine anticcocidial activity of artemisinin and extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of 35 chickens of Cobb strain was divided into seven groups with five replicates birds per group, i.e. uninfected chicken group (P I), infected but untreated chicken group (P II), infected and treated chicken group with 8.5 ppm, 17 ppm, 34 ppm, for P III, P IV and P V respectively, infected and treated chicken with 17 ppm of A. annua extract (P VI) and infected and treated chicken with Sulfa (P VII). All chicken, except the uninfected group, whereas infected with 2000 infective oocyst of E. tenella except the uninfected group. Treatment was delivered by oral, once per day for eight days. The criteria observed were clinical manifestation of chickens, number of oocyst in feces, body weight, cecal lesion score, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin value. The results showed that extract of A. annua leaves (P VI) was the most effective treatment to reduce the number of oocyst in feces (74.18%), followed by 34 ppm of artemisinin group (P VII). In addition, application of A. annua extract and artemisinin was significantly able to decreased the cecal lesion score (P<0.05). Even though body weight and Hb value were not indifferent significantly different (p>0.05), however A. annua extract and artemisinin treatments were significantly able to hold PCV value on normal level compared to P II and P IV (P<0.05). It concluded that extract A. annua leaves and artemisinin could be used an alternative anticoccidial in chickens.</p>
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Soundara Rajan, G., and D. Senthamarai Kannan. "A study of oral lesions among HIV infected ENT patients." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190067.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oral lesions are the earliest and most important indicators of HIV infection. These lesions may be present in up to 50% of people with HIV infection. The lesions parallel the decline in number of CD4+ cells and an increase in viral load, and are also independent indicators of disease progression. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia are considered as the most common lesion associated with HIV infection.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional descriptive study was done in our ENT op during the period of 3 years. All HIV reactive patients who came to our OPD were included in the study. Oral examination was carried out using Bull’s eye lamp. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Totally 123 patients of HIV came to ENT OPD during the period of 3 years. Among them 52 patients (42.5%) showed one or many oral lesions. The presence of oral lesions has a significant impact on health related quality of life. The commonest oral lesion noted in our study is oral candidiasis (50%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early detection of oral lesions must be emphasized in the diagnosis and early management of HIV patients.</p>
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Kejriwal, Swati, Rahul Bhandary, and Biju Thomas. "ORAL PYOGENIC GRANULOMA: A CASE REPORT." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 01 (March 2014): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703748.
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Abstract:Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory hyperplasia affecting the oral tissues. It is a tumour-like growth of the oral cavity, which usually arises in response to nonspecific infection. Because of the high frequency of pyogenic granuloma in the oral cavity, this case report describes a pyogenic granuloma in a 59-year-old male patient, discussing the clinical features and histopathologic features that distinguish this lesion from other similar oral mucosa lesions and also the successful management of the lesion.
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Rafika, Mega, and Rian Setiadhi. "LESI ORAL TERKAIT LEUKEMIA MIELOID KRONIK: LAPORAN KASUS." ODONTO : Dental Journal 6 (July 11, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.6.0.62-67.
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Background: Oral lesion is one the clinical signs found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). CML is a myeloid cell neoplasm that have oral manifestations such as gingival hyperplasia, spontaneous haemorrhage, petechiae, oral infection, mucosal pallor, and ulceration. The purpose is to find out how to diagnose and oral lesions associated CML to occure, so the dentist could provide the right therapyCase Management: 46 years old male was referred from Internal Medicine Department with diagnosis CML. The patient complained of pain at the right upper gum. Cheilitis exfoliative was found at the extra oral examination, while intra oral examination found ulcer at the palate. Blood test result showed decreases of Haemoglobin, Hematocrite, erythrocytes which showed iron deficiency anemia causes disruption of oral mucosal integrity, thereby facilitating oral ulcerations. Based on history, clinical examination and laboratory investigation, intra-oral abnormality was diagnosed as oral lesion associated CML. Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% in orabase as theraphy oral lesion, vaseline album for management exfoliative cheilitis, and Surbex Z® as multivitamin. Oral ulcer improved within 6 weeks.Conclusion: The diagnosis oral lesions associated CML can be diagnosed based on history, clinical examination and laboratory investigation. Oral ulcers in this patient caused by iron deficiency anemia.
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Cankovic, Milos, and Marija Bokor-Bratic. "Candida albicans infection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 9 (2010): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1009766c.
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Bacground/Aim. Systemic candidiasis in intensive care units remains an improtant problem due to antifungal resistance. Patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer are at increased risk of developing oral candidiasis and they more frequent have prior fungi colonization. Due to identification of specific risk factors predisposing to fungal infection in order to threat such patients the aim of this study was to determine the presence of Candida species in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and compare it to the control subjects (patients with benign oral mucosal lesions). Methods. A total number of 30 consecutive oral cancer examined patients were included in this prospective study (24 men and 6 women with a mean age of 61.47 years, range 41-81 years). The control group consisted of 30 consecutive patients with histologically proven benign oral mucosal lesions (16 men and 14 women with a mean age of 54.53 years, range 16- 83 years). The samples for mycological examination were obtained by using sterile cotton swabs from the cancer lesion surface and in the patients of the control group from the benign mucosal lesion surface. Samples were inoculated in Sabouraud' dextrose agar. For identification purposes, Mackenzie germ tube test was performend on all isolates. Results. The prevalence of Candida was significantly higher in oral cancer patients than in control subjects (?2 = 5.455, p = 0.020). Candida was found on nine of the 30 cancer surfaces; 5 (16.7%) were identified as non-albicans Candida and 4 (13.3%) as Candida albicans. In the control group, only Candida albicans was isolated from 2 (6.7%) patients. In this study, no statistically significant differences in the presence of Candida species was found with respect to gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, wearing of dental protheses and the site of cancer lesion. Conclusion. The increased prevalence of yeasts on the surfaces of oral carcinoma indicates a need for their suppression before any cancer treatment. There was no evidence for an association between gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, wearing of dental protheses, the site of cancer lesion and the yeast presence.
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Liu, Bing. "Treatment of systemic diseases and oral focal infection." Infection International 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ii-2018-0002.
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AbstractOral lesions are highly correlated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. In addition, the treatment of systemic diseases may aggravate oral focal infections, affect the life quality of patients, interfere with the treatment of systemic diseases, and even cause systemic infection in serious cases. Treatment strategies for systemic diseases may induce or aggravate oral local lesion infections. In specific, administration of oral antiepileptic drugs and immunosuppressive drugs may induce gingivitis, radiotherapy or chemotherapy for malignant tumors may cause oral mucositis, long-term use of bisphosphonates for inhibition of tumor bone metastasis or prevention of osteoporosis may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may cause oral rejection reactions.
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Ritter, Ilia, Silvia Railea, Lucia Avornic, and Igor Ciumeico. "Recurrent chronic herpetic stomatitis. Frequency study." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences, no. 2(73) (November 2022): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2022.2-73.12.
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Herpetic infection has a chronic character, characterized by periodic exacerbations. Occurs in children of different ages who have had an acute infection with the Herpes Simplex virus. The most important clinical sign of chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis is the typical, permanent localization of the lesions. Localization of lesion elements during relapse depends on the localization of lesion elements during primary infection. Children complain of pain in the area of lesions on the oral mucosa, which is aggravated by eating and speaking. Children suffering from chronic recurrent herpetic stomatitis are taken under dispensary observation. The volume and frequency of therapeutic measures will depend on the severity of the disease.
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Patton, L. L., K. Ranganathan, S. Naidoo, A. Bhayat, S. Balasundaram, O. Adeyemi, O. Taiwo, D. J. Speicher, and L. Chandra. "Oral Lesions, HIV Phenotypes, and Management of HIV-Related Disease." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511400079.
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The workshop considered 5 questions related to oral lesions, HIV phenotypes, and the management of HIV-related disease, with a focus on evidence and challenges in resource-poor settings. First, are oral lesions unique with respect to geographic location or phenotype? Second, how useful would an oral lesion index be to predict HIV in resource-poor countries with no access to CD4 counts or viral load? Third, what are the latest methods and delivery modes for drugs used to treat oral lesions associated with HIV? Fourth, what is the role of the oral health care worker in rapid diagnostic testing for HIV? Fifth, what ethical and legal issues are to be considered when managing the HIV patient? The consensus of the workshop was the need for additional research in 4 key areas in developing countries: (1) additional investigation of comorbidities associated with HIV infection that may affect oral lesion presentation and distribution, especially in pediatric populations; (2) the development of region-specific algorithms involving HIV oral lesions, indicating cumulative risk of immune suppression and the presence of HIV disease; (3) well-designed clinical trials to test new therapies for oral lesions, new treatments for resistant oral fungal and viral diseases, effectiveness of therapies in children, and new drug delivery systems; and (4) the role of the oral health care worker in rapid diagnostic testing for HIV in various regions of the world.
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Bjekic, Milan, and Sandra Sipetic. "Mucous patch on the tongue as isolated manifestation of the secondary stage of syphilis: Case report." Serbian Dental Journal 59, no. 3 (2012): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1203160b.
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Introduction. Syphilis is sexually transmitted infection caused by the anaerobic spirochete Treponema pallidum. Oral lesions are present and described in all stages of the disease. These lesions as well as blood and saliva of infected persons are highly contagious in early syphilis. The aim of this case report was to point out to the possibility of the secondary syphilis in differential diagnosis of oral diseases. Case Report. A 38-year-old asymptomatic man showed up at the clinic with suspicious of syphilis infection. Clinical presentation of the disease was a mucous patch on the tongue, however no other mucous membrane or cutaneous lesions were detected. No lymph nodes were enlarged. The serologic tests on syphilis were positive. After conducting systemic antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin the tongue lesion disappeared. Conclusion. Depending on the clinical picture, the possibility of syphilis should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions.
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Donohue, DE, and Brightman AH2nd. "Cervicofacial Actinomyces viscosus infection in a Brazilian fila: a case report and literature review." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 31, no. 6 (November 1, 1995): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-31-6-501.
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A five-month-old, male Brazilian fila presented with a three-day history of a focal swelling in the left superior palpebra and a focal, subcutaneous swelling over the dorsal cervical region. Both lesions initially responded to warm compresses and a two-week course of oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy. The eyelid swelling recurred after discontinuation of the oral antibiotic therapy. The lesion was progressive and was refractory to trimethoprim-sulfadiazine therapy. Culture and sensitivity performed from a surgical biopsy sample of the eyelid mass identified Actinomyces viscosus and other bacterial genera. A combination of surgical debulkment, Penrose drain placement, and a one-month course of oral oxacillin therapy has resulted in clinical regression of the lesion at a six-month postoperative evaluation.
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Vuckovic, Nada, Marija Bokor-Bratic, Dejan Vuckovic, and Ivana Picuric. "Presence of Candida albicans in potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 1 (2004): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0401051v.
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Recently, an interest in the study of oral candidiasis has markedly increased mainly because of its association with viral infections due to human immunodeficiency, but also because of its relation with potentially malignant lesions of oral mucosa. These lesions belong to the wide group of leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a clinical term used to describe a range of nonspecific white lesions, whose appearance does not generally correlate well with histopathologic changes; therefore, biopsy should be performed in all cases to determine which are precancerous or potentially malignant ones. In order to study the association of Candida albicans and the types of mucosal lesions, we took 30 consecutive biopsies of oral mucosa and the smears for microbiologic examination from the changed surface of mucosa and from the rest of oral cavity. The study group consisted of 30 patients, 21 women and 9 men, with the average age of 50.23 years (range, 25-77 years). In 6 cases Candida was diagnosed in mucosal biopsy. In the smear from the lesion, it was present in 3 cases, and 2 cases were found in the smear from an unchanged oral mucosa. In 9/30 cases (30%) Candida was positive regardless of the smear area or mode of diagnosis. The most common lesion is leukoplakia, diagnosed in 12/30 cases (40%), in 6 female and 6 male patients. The average age of those patients was 52.42 years. The lesions were located as follows: cheek mucosa - 5 cases; gingival mucosa - 2; lower lip - 2; floor of the mouth - 2; soft palate - 1; Candida was present in 3/12 cases. The lesion with the second highest incidence is lichen planus (9 cases), with positive Candida infection in 4/9 (44.44%). Epithelial dysplasia, although diagnosed in a very small number of cases (1/30 or 3.3%) with leukoplakia, was associated with a Candida infection. Generally, Candida is present in potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions (in 3/12 or 25% of leukoplakia cases, in 4/9 or 44.44% of lichen planus cases, and 1/1 squamous papilloma), with an increasing incidence in lesions with serious dysplastic epithelial changes.
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Mazur, I. "Fungal lesions of the oral mucosa." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 102, no. 3 (2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2020-3-72.
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Summary. The article presents data on the systematization of fungal lesions, which can be manifested in the oral cavity, their clinical manifestations and treatment regimens. The general characteristic of clinical manifestations in the case of a lesion of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the human body as a whole is a fungal infection. The most common diseases in the oral cavity are caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. The risk factors for the development of this infection, classification and treatment regimens for candidosis disease of the oral cavity are presented.
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Andrei, Elena Cristina, Ileana Monica Baniță, Maria Cristina Munteanu, Cristina Jana Busuioc, Garofița Olivia Mateescu, Ramona Denise Mălin, and Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi. "Oral Papillomatosis: Its Relation with Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Local Immunity—An Update." Medicina 58, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081103.
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Oral papilloma lesions may appear as a result of HPV infection, or not, and only special molecular methods could differentiate them. Low-risk and high-risk HPV types could induce oral HPV papillomatosis with different natural evolution, clearance and persistence mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanisms are based on the crosstalk between the oral epithelial and immune cells and this very efficient virus. HPV acts as a direct inducer in the process of transforming a benign lesion into a malignant one, the cancerization process being also debated in this paper. According to the degree of malignity, three types of papillomatous lesions can be described in the oral cavity: benign lesions, potential malign disorders and malignant lesions. The precise molecular diagnostic is important to identify the presence of various virus types and also the virus products responsible for its oncogenicity. An accurate diagnostic of oral papilloma can be established through a good knowledge of etiological and epidemiological factors, clinical examination and laboratory tests. This review intends to update the pathogenic mechanisms driving the macroscopic and histological features of oral papillomatosis having HPV infection as the main etiological factor, focusing on its interreference in the local immunity. In the absence of an accurate molecular diagnostic and knowledge of local immunological conditions, the therapeutic strategy could be difficult to decide.
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Fitriasari, Nuri, Eko Rotary Nurtito, Nanan Nur’aeny, and Indah Suasani Wahyuni. "THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF ORAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST IN MANAGEMENT OF STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME PATIENT." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v5i2.8969.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is an acute hypersensitivity reaction that manifests on the skin, oral mucosa, ocular, gastrointestinal, genital and anal area. It is also potentially life-threatening in concern of dehydration and infection. Oral mucosal lesions due to SJS resulted in a significant decrease of patient’s quality of life. When the oral mucosa involved, the intake of nutrients and fluids is disrupted contributing to electrolyte imbalance that aggravates dehydration. Moreover, oral mucosal lesions have become an entry point for infection. Purpose: This case report describes the important role of oral medicine specialists in the management of oral mucosal lesions in SJS patient. Review: A 26-year-old female patient was referred from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology with a diagnosis of SJS et causa suspected paracetamol and/or amoxycillin. The complaints comprised of pain on the lips and oral cavity, difficulty in mouth opening, and pain when swallowing. The management for oral lesions included: history taking, external and intra oral examinations, dexamethasone mouthwash, nystatin oral suspension, and sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9% solution. The patient showed improvement in oral mucosal lesions within 3 weeks of treatment that was provided by oral medicine specialist and medical team collaboration. Conclusion: Based on this case report, the role of oral medicine specialist is very important as part of the management team for SJS patient. Oral medicine specialist can reduce morbidity that results from oral mucosal involvement. Collaboration with oral medicine specialist since the beginning of treatment is the key to success in SJS management. Keywords: Oral medicine specialist, Oral mucosal lesion, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.
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Dua, Vinay S., Amandeep Kaur, Ankit Sikri, and Mitasha Sachdeva. "COVID-19 and oral lesions: A review." Journal of Dental Panacea 3, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2021.023.
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A new coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) was detected in China at the end of 2019 and has since caused a worldwide pandemic. This virus is responsible for an acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), distinguished by a potentially lethal interstitial bilateral pneumonia. As Sars-CoV-2 is highly infective through airborne contamination, the high infection risk in the dental environment is a serious problem for both professional practitioners and patients. This literature overview at analyzing various reports available on oral symptoms along with possible causation, their relationship to the time of occurrence of clinical symptoms of this global pandemic.
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Fan, Wenge, Qingsong Zhang, Mei Wei, Yuan Zhu, Jing Zhang, Zhijiang Fan, and Tingwang Jiang. "Gonococcal Infection of the Glans Skin, a Rare Local Complication of Gonorrhea: A Clinical Study of 13 Cases." American Journal of Men's Health 17, no. 1 (January 2023): 155798832311521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883231152111.
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The study aimed to understand the incidence, site, skin lesion manifestations, and treatment of gonococcal infection of the glans skin. We enrolled men with gonococcal infection of the glans skin and men with gonococcal urethritis from January 2014 to February 2020. Demographic data, site of onset, and skin lesion manifestations were recorded for all patients. Ceftriaxone (1 g) was injected intramuscularly once daily for 5 days in patients with lesions comprising abscesses or nodules. A single dose of ceftriaxone (1 g) was injected intramuscularly in patients with pustules. Incision and drainage were performed in patients with nonruptured abscesses. Thirteen patients had gonococcal infection of the glans skin (0.65%; 95% confidence interval = [0.30, 1.01]) among 1,989 patients with gonococcal urethritis. Mean age was 35.48 ± 2.37 (range = 26–45) years. Nonmarital sexual behavior patterns were genital–genital in eight patients (61.54%) and genital–oral in five patients (38.46%). All skin lesions occurred on the ventral side of the glans. Eleven patients (84.62%) had a single lesion and two (15.38%) had multiple lesions. The lesions manifested as abscesses in five patients (38.46%), nodules in five patients (38.46%), and pustules in three patients (23.08%). All lesions exhibited tenderness. All 13 patients were cured after treatment. The study shows that gonococcal infection of the glans skin is a rare local complication of gonorrhea. Lesions often occur on the ventral side of the glans, presenting as abscesses, nodules, and pustules. Ceftriaxone treatment was effective for gonococcal infection of the glans skin.
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Ramakrishna, Ashwini, DB Nandini, and Rajeshwari Annigeri. "Candidiasis - A frequently underdiagnosed entity." CODS Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 2 (2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/cods-6-2-117.
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Abstract Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection of the oral cavity. It often presents as a white lesion mimicking other oral lesions. It frequently goes undiagnosed in the presence of positive tobacco habit history. The present article reports a case of chronic candidiasis with review of literature. How to cite this article Ashwini R, Nandini DB, Madhushankari GS, Rajeshwari A. Candidiasis - A frequently underdiagnosed entity. CODS J Dent 2014 6;117-121
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De Souza, Talita Alves, Thamires Rodrigues Guedes, Érica Da Silva Carvalho, Ângela Xavier Monteiro, Tirza Almeida Da Silva, and Eduardo Jorge Sant’ Ana Honorato. "ORAL INJURIES IN A PATIENTE WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION: A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.632.
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The first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported in 1981 in patients with a high decline in immune response. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can manifest itself through various signs and symptoms. The oral cavity is an extremely important way for diagnosis and prognosis, because oral lesions may present as clinical signs of disease progression or ineffective antiretroviral treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate, diagnose and intervene in the oral lesions present in a patient with HIV infection. A case report study was conducted on a patient treated at the Dr. Antônio Comte Telles Polyclinic (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV / AIDS) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Lesions found in the patient were Leukemia, Smoker's Melanosis and Oral Candidiasis, the latter being treated with tongue hygiene and application of VegelipR associated with laser therapy. It was observed that the treatment was effective and in five sessions there was improvement in the lesion. Oral manifestations are closely related to the HIV virus, since they may be associated with infection and / or disease progression, indicating deficiency in the immune system, as well as interruption of antiretroviral treatment. Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that, if properly diagnosed and treated, contributes to the improvement of the immune system. It is concluded that the knowledge of the dentist regarding the pathologies and their manifestations is important, as well as a multidisciplinary work in the reference centers for HIV. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Oral Injury, Dentistry.
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Falcone, PhD, Lauryn, Omid Jalali, MD, and Corresponding Author: Roxann Powers, MD. "Painful Hemorrhagic Lesion of Right Palm." West Virginia Medical Journal 115, no. 4 (2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21885/wvmj.2019.13.
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are ubiquitous in the population in the more than half of all people seropositive HSV-2. While these in cause oral or genital lesions, anywhere on the body Herpetic whitlow class painful swollen, vesicular lesion of the digits due to HSV infection. In some instances, however, the skin lesion of HSV may appear atypical. In the following report, we describe a unique case of a hemorrhagic, pustular appearing herpetic whitlow infection of the hand. This report serves to remind physicians to consider the diagnosis of HV for a painful skin lesion of the hand, as herpetic whitlow can mimic more serious conditions and early detection can limit the spread of the disease.
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Chikkaboraiah, Shwetha, Rajiv Nidasale Puttaswamaiah, and Sushama R. Galgali. "Pregnancy Tumor." Journal of Health Sciences & Research 7, no. 1 (2016): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1029.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this case report is to present a case of rapidly growing large pregnancy tumor which did not regress even after parturition. Introduction Pyogenic granuloma is a commonly occurring benign inflammatory hyperplasia of the skin and oral mucosa. It usually arises in response to nonspecific infection as sessile or pedunculated, erythematous, exophytic papule or nodule with a smooth or lobulated surface that bleeds easily. Pyogenic granuloma occurring during the pregnancy is called as pregnancy tumor. Case report In this case report, a rapidly growing pregnancy tumor in a 23-year-old female is described and the clinical features, histopathologic features and management of the lesion are discussed. Pregnancy tumor rarely reaches 2 cm in size, however in our case the lesion had enlarged to an extent that it was interfering with occlusion (3 × 2 cm). Even after parturition the enlargement showed no regression in size, so the lesion was surgically excised. Conclusion Lack of awareness among pregnant patients about oral health care during pregnancy results in occurrence of various oral lesions which challenges the dentist and gynecologist in providing proper treatment. Hence creating oral health care awareness among such patients is of utmost importance. Clinical significance The prenatal oral health check-up and counselling is important in preventing the occurrence of various oral lesions during pregnancy. How to cite this article Chikkaboraiah S, Puttaswamaiah RN, Galgali SR. Pregnancy Tumor. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):23-27.
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Yuen, Kimberley, Yuka Asai, and J. Michael Hendry. "Thumb Ulcer Presenting As Soft Tissue Infection in a Patient With Sweet’s Syndrome Intolerant To Systemic Corticosteroids: A Case Report." Plastic Surgery Case Studies 7 (January 1, 2021): 2513826X2110289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513826x211028927.
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Sweet’s syndrome, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is an uncommon dermatological condition characterized by sudden onset, painful, erythematous/violaceous papules, plaques and ulcers, and specific histopathologic findings. Ulcers commonly present on the trunk, neck, hands and typically respond to systemic corticosteroid treatment. Here, we present a case of a 63-year-old woman with Sweet’s syndrome that presented with a thumb ulcer resembling a soft tissue infection. The thumb lesion was refractory to management for an infection and tissue pathology was consistent with a Sweet’s lesion. The patient was intolerant to first line therapy of oral prednisone, but the lesion was initially responsive to topical clobetasol and maintenance therapy of oral dapsone. This case emphasizes the importance of a careful history, examination, workup and maintaining a broad differential diagnosis to prevent misdiagnosis. We also demonstrate the potential effectiveness of initial topical treatment for problematic Sweet’s lesions when systemic steroids are contraindicated.
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Arirachakaran, Pratanporn, Jira Chansaengroj, Woradee Lurchachaiwong, Patnarin Kanjanabud, Kobkan Thongprasom, and Yong Poovorawan. "Oral Lichen Planus in Thai Patients Has a Low Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus." ISRN Dentistry 2013 (May 26, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/362750.
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Background. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease, with an etiopathogenesis associated with cell-mediated immunological dysfunction. Viral infection has been hypothesized as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Viruses may alter host cell function by inducing the abnormal expression of cellular proteins leading to disease development. However, reports on the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and OLP are inconclusive. Objective. To explore the association between HPV and OLP in Thai patients. Materials and Methods. DNA was extracted from thirty-seven fresh-frozen tissue biopsy specimens from OLP lesions, and polymerase chain reaction assay for the L1 and E1 genes covering 32 types of high- and low-risk HPV was performed. Results. HPV DNA was detected in one tissue biopsy from an atrophic-type OLP lesion. All control samples were negative. Genomic sequencing of the E1 gene PCR product demonstrated that the HPV-type 16 found in the lesion is closely related to the East Asian type. Conclusion. Our data indicate a low prevalence of HPV infection in OLP lesions in Thai patients.
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Bjekić, Milan, and Kiro Ivanovski. "Condyloma Latum on the Lower Lip as an Isolated Manifestation of Secondary Syphilis – a Case Report." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjdv-2016-0005.
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Abstract Oral lesions are described in all stages of syphilis, except in the latent stage. During the secondary stage of infection, oral lesions, saliva and blood of infected person are very contagious. The aim of this case report was to point to the secondary syphilis in differential diagnosis of oral diseases. A 30-year-old homosexual man presented with a three-week history of a painless verrucous lesion on his lower lip. Physical examination revealed a hypertrophic painless papillomatous lesion on the lower lip. The lesion was partly split with peripheral fissures. There were no generalized lymphadenopathies and no evidence of systemic disease. Further examination showed no other mucous membrane or cutaneous lesions elsewhere on the body. The external genitalia were normal. The patient was HIV-negative and otherwise healthy. A review of his medical history was significant for previous well documented treatment of anal chancre, which was successfully commenced at our Institute in 2010. It also revealed a history of a single unprotected receptive oral sex with an unknown partner 3 months before the onset of lesion. The diagnosis of condyloma latum on the lower lip was considered on clinical grounds. Laboratory findings, including complete blood count and blood chemistry were within normal limits. The VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) test was positive with a titre of 1 : 128. Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) was positive. HIV serology was non-reactive. The final diagnosis of solitary condyloma latum on the lower lip, as the only sign of secondary syphilis, was confirmed by positive results of routine serologic tests for syphilis. The patient was diagnosed with secondary syphilis and treated with a single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million units. The lesion regressed completely within 2 weeks. Three months later the VDRL titer had fallen to 1 : 8 and HIV serology remained negative. Polymorphic oral manifestations in syphilis indicate that this disease should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of not only benign, but even malignant oral lesions. In conclusion, as far as the world literature available to us is concerned, this would be the first report of isolated solitary condyloma latum on the oral lip that, in the absence of any other clinical signs or symptoms of the disease, led to the diagnosis of secondary syphilis.
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Kesavalu, Lakshmyya, Stanley C. Holt, and Jeffrey L. Ebersole. "Environmental Modulation of Oral Treponeme Virulence in a Murine Model." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.6.2783-2789.1999.
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ABSTRACT This investigation examined the effects of environmental alteration on the virulence of the oral treponemes Treponema denticolaand Treponema pectinovorum. The environmental effects were assessed by using a model of localized inflammatory abscesses in mice. In vitro growth of T. denticola and T. pectinovorum as a function of modification of the cysteine concentration significantly enhanced abscess formation and size. In contrast, growth of T. denticola or T. pectinovorum under iron-limiting conditions (e.g., dipyridyl chelation) had no effect on abscess induction in comparison to that when the strains were grown under normal iron conditions. In vivo modulation of the microenvironment at the focus of infection with Cytodex beads demonstrated that increasing the local inflammation had no effect on lesion induction or size. In vivo studies involved the determination of the effects of increased systemic iron availability (e.g., iron dextran or phenylhydrazine) on the induction, kinetics, and size of lesions. T. denticola induced significantly larger lesions in mice with iron pretreatment and demonstrated systemic manifestations of the infectious challenge and an accompanying spreading lesion with phenylhydrazine pretreatment (e.g., increases in circulating free hemoglobin). In contrast, T. pectinovorum virulence was minimally affected by this in vivo treatment to increase iron availability. T. denticolavirulence, as evaluated by lesion size, was increased additively by in vivo iron availability, and cysteine modified growth of the microorganism. Additionally, galactosamine sensitized mice to a lethal outcome following infection with both T. denticola andT. pectinovorum, suggesting an endotoxin-like activity in these treponemes. These findings demonstrated the ability to modify the virulence capacity of T. denticola andT. pectinovorum by environmental conditions which can be evaluated by using in vivo murine models.
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Palaia, Gaspare, Chiara Ciolfi, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Alessandro Ciolfi, Gianluca Tenore, and Umberto Romeo. "Prevention of Recurrence of Oral HPV-Related Lesions: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094194.
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(1) Background The incidence of oral cavity lesions related to human papillomavirus (HPV) is 3%. There are no reliable data in the literature on recurrence rates of HPV-related oral cavity lesions. The only data available concern gynecological infections, which have a recurrence rate of ~30%. Recurrence may be due to a failure to completely eradicate the lesion, persistence of the viral infection, or persistence of an immune-compromised state. Therefore, the study aimed to ascertain the most effective therapeutic strategy to achieve complete eradication of the virus and avoid a possible recurrence of lesions, based upon the long-term behavior of the virus with the type of treatment. (2) Methods: Systematic searches of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and SCOPUS were performed. Restrictions were placed on the date of publication and language. Only English or Italian language articles published between Jan 1990 and Dec 2019 were included in the meta-analysis. The following keywords and/or corresponding medical subject heading terms were used: “oral papillomavirus lesions” and “oral HPV lesions” or “treatment”, “therapy”, “therapeutics,” and “management”. (3) Results: Upon systematic literature review of all analyzed HPV-lesion treatment techniques, 36 studies on laser and cold scalpel eradications were selected. These studies document an excellent success rate from excisional treatments using both laser and cold scalpel and report low recurrence rates with both techniques, respectively 5.98% and 4.07%. (4) Conclusions: The meta-analysis revealed that additional studies with greater sample sizes are needed for these two treatment methods. It would also be appropriate to carry out case-controlled studies, preferably RCTs, to determine the best treatment for eradicating HPV-related lesions.
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Kini, Vineet, LS Poonja, Ashvini Padhye, Srivalli Natrajan, and Abhishek Ramnik Mistry. "Management of an Unresponsive Periodontal Lesion in an Endodontic Involved Tooth Complicated by Actinomyces Species." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2014): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1090.
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ABSTRACT Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by Actinomyces species found as a commensal in oral flora. However, it does cause opportunistic infections with localized granulomatous and suppurative lesions intraorally once the integrity of the oral mucosal barrier is compromized and access to the underlying tissues or jaw bones is gained. The present case report highlights an unresponsive periodontal lesion associated with an actinomycotic infection in an endodontically involved tooth. The gingiva in relation to the tooth showed profuse spontaneous bleeding and suppurative discharge after multiple appointments of initial therapy which required histopathologic and microbiological assessment for diagnosis. On establishing the diagnosis of actinomycosis, treatment involved extraction of the tooth. This highlights the importance of microbiological investigations in unresponsive periodontal lesions. How to cite this article Mistry AR, Pereira R, Kini V, Padhye A, Poonja LS, Natrajan S. Management of an Unresponsive Periodontal Lesion in an Endodontic Involved Tooth Complicated by Actinomyces Species. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):167-172.
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Mendez, Luis A., Sergio A. Flores, Ricardo Martinez, and Oslei Paes de Almeida. "Ulcerated Lesion of the Tongue as Manifestation of Systemic Coccidioidomycosis." Case Reports in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1489501.
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Systemic mycoses and their oral manifestations are very rare. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with an ulcerated lesion on the lateral border of the tongue. Histologic studies revealed a granulomatous fungal infection by Coccidioides immitis. After pharmacological treatment, the lesion resolved. Recently, northern Mexico has been reported to be an endemic zone of C. immitis infections; therefore it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mouth lesions. A comprehensive clinical history, physical exploration, and complementary studies are essential for an accurate diagnosis.
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Popa, Oana-Irina. "Acute unilateral vestibular lesion induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection." ORL.ro 1, no. 54 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/orl.54.1.2022.6031.
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Hobbs, Mitchell, Joy King, Rana El Feghaly, and Robert Brodell. "Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent 6-Year-Old Female." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 2, no. 4 (July 6, 2018): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.2.4.6.
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A 6-year-old otherwise healthy female presented to the ED with a right eyebrow lesion for one month. Previous I&D attempts and empiric antibiotic treatment had failed to improve the lesion. Following dermatology referral, superficial culture resulted with growth of Cryptococcus neoformans after which completion of oral fluconazole treatment resolved the lesion. Though Cryptococcus neoformans infections commonly plague immunocompromised patients, primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in the immunocompetent patient is a rare but documented infection with a paucity of reported pediatric cases, and frontline physicians should be aware of such a diagnosis in the setting of persistent skin lesions without response to more commonly utilized therapies.
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Lee, Yi-Chieh, Hsueh-Yu Li, and Wan-Ni Lin. "Isolated Epiglottic Manifestations of HIV Infection: Two Cases Reports." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122404.
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Diagnosis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains challenging due to non-specific clinical presentations and mostly flu-like symptoms, e.g., fever, headache, sore throat, and general weakness. Oral lesions, such as oral candidiasis and Kaposi sarcoma, are also frequently associated with HIV infection, whereas laryngeal manifestations are rare. We report two cases of newly diagnosed HIV patients with clinical presentations of sore throat, and endoscopy revealed an epiglottic ulcerative tumor-like lesion. A laryngomicrosurgical biopsy of the lesions was performed for persistent symptoms and suspicion of malignancy. The result revealed acute and chronic inflammation without a conclusive pathology diagnosis. Further laboratory analysis was arranged in consideration of autoimmune diseases, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HIV infection due to their persistent and atypical symptoms. The results were positive for HIV infection. These patients were treated successfully with antiviral treatment and the laryngeal symptoms improved within weeks. In patients with idiopathic and persistent epiglottitis or an epiglottic ulcer after medical treatment, HIV infection needs to be considered as a potential etiology in order to institute proper treatment.
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Dermawan, I. G. N. Putra, and I. Nyoman Gede Juwita Putra. "MANAGEMENT OF ORAL LICHEN PLANUS TRIGGERED BY STRESS." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 17, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v17i1.1949.
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Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucocutaneous disorder that rarely occurs around us and only involves the layer of the stratified squamous epithelium. Oral lichen planus is more common in women aged 30-65 years. The etiology of this disorder is not yet known, but there are several predisposing factors that play a role, such as hepatitis C virus infection, food, drugs, malignancy, and psychological factors. Purpose: This case report aims to describe the treatment of stress-induced OLP. Case Report: A 46-year-old man presented with complaints of stinging on the inner right and left cheeks for one month ago. The patient admits that he has a lot of thoughts related to family problems. It is found that the lesion resembles a white streak with redness that forms in the intraoral area. Case management: The patient was given therapy in the form of topical corticosteroids and consulted to psychiatry and got improvement after 1 week of treatment. Discussion: The treatment of OLP lesions is a treatment that requires collaboration between the dentist, the patient and the patient's family. Corticosteroid therapy is the gold standard treatment given to people with OLP. Corticosteroids are widely used in medicine because of their strong effect and fast anti-inflammatory reaction. Corticosteroids are widely used for the management of inflammatory diseases. Besides supporting therapy in consultation with a psychologist or psychiatrist to deal with stress disorders. Conclusion: Treatment of OLP lesions is a complex treatment. Corticosteroid therapy, both topical and systemic, is the most appropriate therapy and the role of a psychologist or psychiatrist is needed in managing patient stress to increase the percentage of patient recovery.
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Wen, L., W. Mu, H. Lu, X. Wang, J. Fang, Y. Jia, Q. Li, et al. "Porphyromonas gingivalis Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression in an Immune Microenvironment." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 6 (April 16, 2020): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520909312.
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Increasing evidence has revealed a significant association between microorganisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Porphyromonas gingivalis, the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is considered an important potential etiologic agent of OSCC, but the underlying immune mechanisms through which P. gingivalis mediates tumor progression of the oral cancer remain poorly understood. Our cohort study showed that the localization of P. gingivalis in tumor tissues was related to poor survival of patients with OSCC. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection increased oral lesion multiplicity and size and promoted tumor progression in a 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide (4NQO)–induced carcinogenesis mouse model by invading the oral lesions. In addition, CD11b+ myeloid cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) showed increased infiltration of oral lesions. Furthermore, in vitro observations showed that MDSCs accumulated when human-derived dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs) were exposed to P. gingivalis, and CXCL2, CCL2, interleukin (IL)–6, and IL-8 may be potential candidate genes that facilitate the recruitment of MDSCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that P. gingivalis promotes tumor progression by generating a cancer-promoting microenvironment, indicating a close relationship among P. gingivalis, tumor progression of the oral cancer, and immune responses.
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Silva, Ana Paula da, Mariana Flores, Renata Mazaro, Flavia da Luz, Marcia Silva, and Rafael A. Fighera. "Oral lesions and retroviruses in shelter cats." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 7 (July 2019): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5892.
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ABSTRACT: Oral lesions are common problems in feline medicine worldwide, and may be associated with different causes, such as infectious agents. There are only a few studies reporting the chief oral diseases and the results for retrovirus tests in shelter cats in Brazil, especially in the South region. This study aimed to identify the main inflammatory oral lesions in shelter cats and verify the test results for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections. Forty-three felines from private shelters in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) that presented clinically evident oral lesions, regardless of age, breed, sex, and neuter status, were used in this survey. Serological tests for FIV and FeLV were performed in all cats, and data regarding the rearing system were collected. Sixteen cats (37.2%) were reared in a free system, whereas 27 (62.8%) were kept under a restrict system. Of the 43 cats with oral lesions, 29 (67.44%) presented only one type of lesion, characterized as periodontitis (n=22, 51.16%), followed by gingivitis (n=6, 13.95%), and stomatitis (n=1, 2.32%). Concomitant stomatitis and periodontitis were found in the 14 remaining cats (100%). With respect to the test results for retrovirus infections, nine (20.93%) of the 43 felines were positive for FIV alone. Co-infection with both viruses was observed in seven cats (16.28%). No cat was seropositive for FeLV valone. None of the six cats that presented gingivitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; one cat with stomatitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; of the 22 cats with periodontitis, six (27.27%) were FIV positive and two (9.09%) were FIV/FeLV positive; and of the 14 cats that presented stomatitis and periodontitis, three (21.43%) were FIV positive and four (28.57%) were FIV/FeLV positive. As for diagnosis, 28 cats (65.1%) presented solely periodontal disease (PD), one cat (2.32%) had feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) alone, and 14 (32.5%) had both PD and FCG. The results obtained show that the main oral lesions found in shelter cats in the central region of RS were gingivitis, stomatitis, and periodontitis. Periodontitis, in association or not with stomatitis, was the most frequently observed oral cavity lesion in FIV- and/or FeLV-positive cats. Other factors may contribute to installation of inflammatory oral diseases in shelter cats because most cats with oral cavity lesions tested negative for retrovirus infections.
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Erşahin, Çağatay, Anna M. Szpaderska, Kimberly Foreman, and Sherri Yong. "Verucciform Xanthoma of the Penis Not Associated With Human Papillomavirus Infection." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): e62-e64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-e62-vxotpn.
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Abstract Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare lesion with a predilection for oral mucosa. Only 16 cases of VX of the penis have been reported. Histologically, VX lesions in different locations are identical; however, the etiology is controversial. Previous studies have reported the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in VX of the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HPV is a causative agent in this rare case of VX of the penis. Microscopically, the lesion demonstrated prominent verrucoid squamous hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis. Histiocytes, a hallmark of VX, were identified in the elongated dermal papillae. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed on the DNA with the commonly used primer sets MY9/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, which identify more than 40 HPV types. The results failed to identify HPV DNA in the sample, although HPV could be readily detected in genomic DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded condyloma acuminatum, a known HPV-associated lesion. Additionally, we tested a VX lesion of the palate for HPV DNA and obtained negative results. Our results indicate that VX can arise without HPV infection and suggest other possible origins may be involved.
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Yengopal, V., A. Bhayat, and M. Coogan. "Pediatric Oral HIV Research in the Developing World." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511399287.
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This article is a review of the literature between 2003 (since the last workshop) and April 2009 (Beijing workshop). It focuses on the prevalence of oral lesions associated with HIV infection, oral lesions as predictors of HIV infection, oral lesions as markers of the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatment and quality of life, caries risk, the management of oral lesions, and epidemiologic tests for clinical significance of oral lesions.
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Belaouni, Mourad, Rabii Elbahraouy, Elhoucine Malki, Lhoussain Louzi, and Mohammed Er-rami. "Saprochaete capitata oropharyngeal infection in a neutropenic patient: unusual presentation." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 26, no. 2 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2020017.
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Introduction: Saprochete capitata is unusual etiologic agent in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with hematologic malignancy and severe neutropenia. Most often, infections of the oral cavity are manifested clinically as oral candidiasis. Invasive forms are rarely described. Observation: a 63-year-old man consulted for pseudomembranous lesions associated with ulcero perforating lesion of the tongue and palatal region ulcerations. All evolving in a context of profound physical deterioration and severe neutropenia. Mycological examination showed Saprochaete capitata. The evolution was favorable with oral voriconazole. Comment: Saprochaete capitata invasive fungal infections have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in hematology-oncology patients. Invasive or non-invasive, oropharyngeal involvement with this pathogen should not be underestimated in the neutropenic patient. They are the main starting point for fongemia of this pathogen, which is often fatal. Conclusion: Saprochete capitata is now recognized emerging etiologic agent in patients with hematological malignancy and severe neutropenia. Early detection and diagnosis of these fungal infections could lead to reduced morbidity and mortality, particularly in locally invasive infection.
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Kim, Nakhoon, Hyunkee Kim, Il Mo Kang, and Young Seo Kim. "Lower Cranial Nerve Palsy due to Prevertebral Tuberculosis Infection." Journal of Neurosonology and Neuroimaging 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31728/jnn.2021.00104.
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Prevertebral tuberculosis is a rare infectious disease that often affects immunocompromised patients in developing countries. We present the case of a patient who complained of headache, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Neurological examination revealed multiple cranial nerve palsies, including the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an infiltrative lesion in the prevertebral space, and the biopsy revealed chronic inflammation. On suspicion of immune-mediated inflammation, the patient was treated with intravenous dexamethasone and oral prednisolone, with minimal response. Eleven months after the initial diagnosis, the patient’s neurological symptoms were aggravated, and we detected newly developed pulmonary tuberculosis. After the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, his neurological symptoms improved, and the imaging study demonstrated improvements. Although we lacked positive laboratory or biopsy results for tuberculosis, we suspect that the lesions were distant tuberculosis infections. Tuberculosis should be considered in patients with unknown infiltrative mass-like lesions in the prevertebral spaces.
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Kessell, Allan E., Derek McNair, John S. Munday, Richard Savory, Catriona Halliday, and Richard Malik. "Successful treatment of multifocal pedal Prototheca wickerhamii infection in a feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat with multiple Bowenoid in situ carcinomas containing papillomaviral DNA sequences." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 205511691668859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116916688590.
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Case summary A 16-year-old, castrated male, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive, domestic shorthair cat developed multiple skin lesions. Most of these were Bowenoid carcinoma in situ and contained DNA sequences consistent with Felis catus papillomavirus type 2. Two additional lesions that developed in the skin and subcutaneous tissues between the digital and carpal pads on the left forelimb and right hindlimb were shown by cytology, histology and culture to be caused by Prototheca wickerhamii. These lesions failed to improve in response to systemic therapy treatment with itraconazole, but excision by sharp en bloc resection with follow-up oral itraconazole therapy proved curative for one lesion, although the other lesion recurred, necessitating a second surgery. Relevance and novel information This is only the second reported case of feline protothecosis from Australia and the first case that has been cultured and identified to the species level. Also of great interest was the presence of multiple papillomavirus-associated neoplastic lesions, which may have afforded a portal of entry for the algal pathogen and the cat’s positive FIV status; the latter might have impacted on both viral and algal pathogenesis by effects on immunocompetence.