Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infections à Pseudomonas aeruginosa – Thérapeutique'
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Alexandre, Youenn. "Développement d'une application oropharyngée de lactobacilles pour lutter contre les infections respiratoires à Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0046/document.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia and which is involved in themortality of mechanically-ventilated or cystic fibrosis patients.These infections are difficult to treat because of the existence of many antibiotic resistances in P. aeruginosa and therapeutic alternatives are needed. Our hypothesis was that the use of probiotics could be an alternative to antibiotic therapy in order to reduce P. aeruginosa infections and its injurious and pro-inflammatory effects in lungs.The main goal of this work was to evaluate the effects of lactobacilli in a murine model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.The first step of this work was to screen lactobacilli isolated from oral cavities of healthy volunteers against biofilmformation and elastolytic activity of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The effects of selected lactobacilli were then evaluated in amodel of infection of lung epithelial cells by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and in a murine model of P. aeruginosa PAO1pneumonia. Eighty-seven lactobacilli were tested in vitro, leading to the selection of 3 and 5 strains respectively active against biofilm formation and elastolytic activity. The most active strains (L. fermentum K.C6.3.1E, L. paracasei ES.D.88and L. zeae Od.76) toward biofilm formation and elastolytic activity were chosen to be tested in vitro, in a cell model of P. aeruginosa PAO1 infection. This mix showed cytoprotective effect against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Finally, the prophylactic intratracheal administration of the mix of lactobacilli in mice allowed to reduce the pulmonary loads in P.aeruginosa PAO1. In the same time, the pro-inflammatory effects(IL-6 and TNF- α) of the infection were reduced. These promising results suggest the possibility of new therapeutic applications for probiotics
Fangous, Marie-Sarah. "Nouvelle thérapeutique anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans la mucoviscidose : les Lactobacillus spp. Lactobacilli intra-tracheal administration protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection in mice – a proof of concept, in Beneficial Microbes 10 (8), December 2019 Prevalence and dynamics of Lactobacillus sp. in the lower respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis, in Research in Microbiology 169 (4-5), May-June 2018." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0056.
Full textThe alarming increase in antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) requires studying alternative therapies, such as Lactobacillus. In this thesis, several studies were carried out:1) In a murine model of acute PA pneumonia, we have demonstrated the beneficial effect of intratracheal administration of a mixture of three Lactobacillus strains from milk or the oral cavity of healthy patients.2) We then prospectively studied the Lactobacillus population in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The average prevalence of carry was 61%.3) Lactobacillus from the respiratory ecosystem of CF patients were used to establish two mixtures of 3 Lactobacillus strains. Strains were selected for their antielastolytic and anti-pyocyanin effects in vitro.Intranasal administration of these mixtures to C57Bl / 6 mice, 18h prior to PAO1 infection significantly improves 7-day survival and pulmonary clearance of PAO1 24h postinfection.A significant decrease in lung neutrophil recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed, while the production of IL-10 increased.This thesis demonstrates the beneficial effects of prophylactic respiratory administration of Lactobacillus on acute PA pneumonia. Anti-PA properties in vitro are not an indication of the in vivo activity. The mixture containing L. paracasei 9N, L. brevis 24C, and L. salivarius 20C show the best anti-PA activity (Patent BIO17555). This result is likely related to an immunomodulating effect of these bacteria
Kheir, Saadé. "Etude d'une thérapie cellulaire par transplantation intrapulmonaire de macrophages dans le traitement d'une infection aigue à pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7085.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) is a Gram-negative bacillus responsible for chronic infections associated with high mortality due to the bacterium's predilection for developing antibiotic resistance and the inefficacy of current therapies. Our group showed in a model of acute infection in mice that Elastase B (LasB), a virulence factor of Pa, degrades the cytokine IL-6 and the antimicrobial molecule Elafine and that the overexpression of these two mediators provides protection to mice by decreasing inflammation and increasing repair. Alveolar macrophages represent the most abundant myeloid population in the alveolar space and play a key role in maintaining homeostasis, initiation and resolution of inflammation. Given their importance, they are very much studied in the development of new approaches to cell therapy. We therefore hypothesized that the alveolar macrophage which is also targeted by P.a and LasB more particularly, may be an adequate tool for the transfer of IL-6- and Elafine-mediated protection. The main objective of this work is to modify the macrophage with adenoviral vectors allowing the overexpression of IL-6 and Elafine, and to use it as a therapeutic tool in an intrapulmonary transplantation model followed by a Pa infection We show that the transfer of genetically modified macrophages with IL-6 and Elafine is protective. Elafine induces in the macrophage an IL6 / IL10 / antimicrobial peptide signature which, in synergy with IL-6, confers a regulatory phenotype to the alveolar unit
Loupias, Pauline. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues de sidérophores à large spectre antibactérien." Thesis, Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0032.
Full textThis work consisted in exploiting a new therapeutic strategy to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia pseudomallei, two Gram-negative bacteria particularly concerning. While P. aeruginosa, which is part of the ESKAPE bacteria, is responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections, B. pseudomallei, formerly classified in the Pseudomonas group, is involved in Whitmore's disease and is considered by the CDC as a potential bioterrorist weapon. These two pathogens have natural and acquired resistance to many antibiotics by efflux or via a lack of membrane permeability, which makes treatment difficult. Facing this health emergency, the use of the "Trojan Horse" strategy to vectorize antibiotics can help restore their activities. Iron is a micronutrient necessary for the survival of bacteria, but it is not very bioavailable due to its low solubility in water. To acquire it, many bacteria synthesize molecules of low molecular weight, called siderophores, capable of chelating the surrounding iron. The complexes formed are then recognized specifically by TonB-dependent receptors in order to transport iron within bacteria. Depending on their type, bacteria express different receptors recognizing their endogenous siderophores but also xenosiderophores or synthetic siderophores. The use of these different kinds of siderophores to carry an antibiotic or a toxic metal such as gallium into the bacteria has already led to promising results. The objectives of this PhD were to synthesize new siderophores of piperazine structure, new siderophore-antibiotic conjugates and toxic siderophore-gallium complexes. Physico-chemical and biological studies were also carried out in order to validate the interest of the structures chosen in anti-infectious chemotherapy
Lasry, Judith. "Les Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans l'environnement." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P233.
Full textWilton, Alison Jane. "Iron-regulated surface antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12564/.
Full textGharse, Sachin. "Antibacterial strategies for improved eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6110.
Full textBretonnière, Cédric. "Pneumonies à Pseudomonas aeruginosa : données expérimentales, pharmacologiques et microbiologiques." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=28f04d7c-22a3-4d1f-bd85-ce0e1e3a6785.
Full textPneumonia, especially hospital acquired, is frequent and accounts for both high mortality and high morbidity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main bacteria responsible for these infections and is cause for concern with emerging antibiotic resistance. Therefore, any relevant microbiological or experimental data may be useful. From an experimental model of acute lung infection in rabbits, whose particularity is the faithful reproduction of human pharmacology, we tried try to develop a new model of chronic pulmonary infection by using a bacterial solution with agarose micro-beads. The results of these experiments are presented. We used the acute infection experimental model to evaluate the efficacy of new antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, doripenem, lasted available carbapenem, at different doses and routes of IV administration, was compared to the two reference drugs, meropenem and imipenem. We have shown that higher doses of doripenem should be preferred. We also, in the same acute model, evaluated the efficacy of ceftolozane, newer cephalosporin, versus the following drugs: ceftazidime, piperacillin / tazobactam and imipenem. At usual doses (1g thrice a day), ceftolozane showed the same efficacy than comparators and a higher efficacy when higher doses were used (2g TID). Finally, we compared the in vitro susceptibility of 169 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the three mentioned above carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem and doripenem) demonstrating that these three drugs are actually quite close
Smith, Eric Earl. "Genetic adaptation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic cystic fibrosis infections and genetic variation between strains of P. aeruginosa /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5067.
Full textDamron, Frederick H. "Regulation of alginate production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2009. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=999.
Full textLedgham, Fouzia. "La régulation des facteurs de virulence chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Quorum Sensing et synthèse d'alginate." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22034.
Full textRegni, Catherine A. "Structural studies of PMM/PGM from Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4134.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 18, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Wuerth, Kelli. "Combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections using synthetic host defense peptides." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62496.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Microbiology and Immunology, Department of
Graduate
Stacey, Sean D. "Regulating rsmA Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1232.
Full textBretheau, Chantal. "Infections urinaires nosocomiales à "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" : une enquête épidémiologique dans un établissement médico-social." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P093.
Full textDouthett, Rebecca L. "Enhancement of the humoral immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1126903068.
Full textChemani, Chanez, and Régis Matran. "Les lectines : nouveaux déterminants de la pathogénicité de Pseudomonas aeruginosa au cours de l'infection pulmonaire : vers de nouvelles thérapeutiques." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S020.
Full text岑海音 and Hoi-yum Irma Shum. "Interactions of pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins with respiratory mucosa in vitro." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244725.
Full textCottalorda, Agnès. "Diversité phénotypique et moléculaire d'isolats urinaires de Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary isolates collected prospectively in a French hospital Within-host microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary isolates : a seven-patient longitudinal genomic and phenotypic study." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR028.
Full textThe aim of this study was to explore phenotypic (antimicrobial resistance) and genetic diversity (MultiLocus Sequence Typing and Whole Genome Sequencing) of P. aeruginosa urinary isolates. Thus, we have studied (i) within-sample diversity (several isolates analyzed per urine sample) of urinary isolates collected from 120 patients with urinary tract infection (40) or asymptomatic bacteriuria (80), and (ii) P. aeruginosa within-host evolution for 7 patients with successive urine samples (from 48 to 488 days apart). Even though patients were mostly colonized or infected by a given clone, this is the first study to identify within-sample phenotypic (28% of patients) and genotypic (4% of patients) diversity, and thus polyclonal bacteriuria. P. aeruginosa adaptation to the urinary tract was mostly driven by mutations and/or large genomic deletions, particularly in genes encoding transcriptional regulators, two component systems and carbon compound catabolism. Genomic adaptation was associated with phenotypic changes in terms of biofilm formation and fitness.Thus, phenotypic and genetic within-host diversity should be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of P. aeruginosa urinary tract infections
Le, Berre Rozenn. "Physiopathologie et rôle des facteurs de virulence dans la pneumonie à Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX20681.pdf.
Full textP. Aeruginosa ventilator-acquired pneumonia is associated with a 40% mortality rate. Physiopathologic mechanisms related to virulence factors are major determinants to optimize new therapies. In a rat P. Aeruginosa pneumonia model, by using a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, we showed an association between lung apoptosis and lung fluid balance. With the same model, we demonstrated that the type III secretion system (TTSS) has a major role in acute lung injury and in alveolar polymorphonuclear neutrophils decrease. We analysed the virulence factors (TTSS, lipopolysaccharide and quorum sensing (elastase and pyocyanine)) of 56 P. Aeruginosa pathogenic strains from critically ill patient with ventilator acquired pneumonia. TTSS exotoxins and elastase play a major role in murine pneumonia virulence. Thus, therapies targeting virulence factors or host response are promising
Azuama, Onyedikachi Cecil. "Recherche de nouveaux actifs d'origine végétale contre le pathogène opportuniste de l'homme Pseudomonas aeruginosa Battling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence with natural plant bioactive compounds Membrane-interactive compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. thwart Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence Tackling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by mulinane-like diterpenoids from Azorella atacamensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence attenuation by extracts of Parastrephia terestiuscula, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family from the Atacama Desert area The absence of SigX results in impaired carbon metabolism and membrane fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activation of the Cell Wall stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected by a Pf4 Phage Variant The temperature-regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cmaX-cfrX-cmp-X operon reveals an intriguing molecular network involving the Sigma factors AlgU and SigX." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR077.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance has become a great challenge in therapeutic medicine so much so that the World health organization forecasts the possibility of a post-antibiotic era where minor injuries may lead to mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the list of organisms that are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics, partly due to its broad genome, which facilitates the elaboration of virulence determinants and rapid adaptation to various environments, in addition to its inherent resistance mechanisms. In view of this, alternative measures of controlling microbial virulence activities using novel approaches that do not disturb its growth and viability, also known as anti-virulence strategy, are gaining wider attention. Since plants are repositories of several metabolites with chemical defense system against environmental pathogens, through ethnobotanical led studies, the effect of Pistacia lentiscus fruit extracts originating from Algeria and forty plant extracts originating from North-Chile were biologically and chemically evaluated with the aim of deciphering their anti-virulence effects against P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, this study tried to gain more insight into the bioactive compounds and possible mechanism of action. From the results obtained, selected plant extracts attenuated P. aeruginosa mainly pyocyanin activity and /or elastase and rhamnolipids virulence production which appears to be associated with the inhibition of quorum sensing activities and the alteration in membrane activities. The anti-virulence effect of the selected extracts (P. lentiscus, Azorella atacamensis, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus and Parastrephia terestiucula) were also validated in biological models of infections where they mediated the toxicity of P. aeruginosa towards A549 human monolayer cells and/or Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. Interestingly, growth of the pathogen was not affected. Further chemical profiling of P. Lentiscus, and A atacamensis extracts revealed the presence of gingkolic acid and azorellane/mulinane diterpenoids as the putative bioactive compounds. Future studies intend to explore these extracts and their derived compounds on the potentiation of antibiotic activity in a panel of clinical strains. In general, this study sets the pace for the possible use of these plant extracts as adjuvants in treatment of P. aeruginosa infections
Essoh, Christiane you. "Étude épidémiologique de souches de Pseudomonas aeruginosa responsables d’infections et de leurs bactériophages pour une approche thérapeutique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112072/document.
Full textThe use of viruses of bacteria commonly called bacteriophages could constitute an efficient complement to antibiotics. During my PhD, I have characterized phages infecting the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, responsible for lung infections in cystic fribrosis patients. Firstly, I investigated the efficiency of Pyophage (a cocktail of phages therapeutic Georgian) on clinical P. aeruginosa strains and recovered six lytic phages from four different genus. The Pyophage appears to be unactive on approximately 15% of clinical strains. Secondly, and using multi-phages resistant strains as enrichment bacteria, 32 phages were isolated from waste water of France and Côte d’Ivoire. All phages are tailed and distributed within ten different genus including six exclusively lytic. I identified bacterial strains which remain insensitive to all phages. I also demonstrated that the CRISPRs-cas system plays no role in the resistance of strains to lytic phages
Kammouni, Wafa. "Sécrétion des cellules glandulaires trachéales humaines en situation pro-inflammatoire : étude immuno-pharmacologique et implication dans la mucoviscidose." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11018.
Full textCrusz, S. A. "Lectin-mediated biofilm maturation, quorum sensing and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10734/.
Full textBalasubramanian, Deepak. "Pseudomonas Aeruginosa AmpR Transcriptional Regulatory Network." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/863.
Full textGolovkine, Guillaume. "Franchissement des barrières épithéliales et endothéliales par le pathogène opportuniste Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV009/document.
Full textP. aeruginosa is one of the main pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. Acute infections by this bacterium are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially when bacteria disseminate in the bloodstream. In most situations, blood infection is the consequence of the crossing of two essential tissue barriers by P. aeruginosa: the epithelium for the mucosa and the endothelium for the blood vessel. Although these events are critical steps for systemic spread of bacteria, the mechanisms involved in the penetration of the pathogen in the organism are poorly understood. For the endothelium, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa induces the cleavage of VE-cadherin, a protein of endothelial junctions, by the action of LasB, a protease secreted by the bacteria. VE-cadherin cleavage induces a loss of integrity of the endothelium, allowing bacterial access to the cellular basolateral domain. Once in this location, the Type 3 secretion system may inject toxins into the cell, triggering a major intoxication process. Crossing of the epithelial barrier involves a very different mechanism. Using real-time confocal microscopy, we show that P. aeruginosa uses a paracellular route to transmigrate, exploiting junctional weaknesses at sites of cell division and cell death. This transmigration process requires the coordinate actions of Type IV pili, the flagellum and toxins of the Type 3 secretion system
Benabid, Rym. "Rôle de l'élastase du neutrophile dans les infections pulmonaires à Psudomonas aeruginosa." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001022.pdf.
Full textBen, Mlouka Mohamed Amine. "Caractérisation du système BAC impliqué dans la formation de biofilms chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES051.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative bacterium, involved in a large number of nosocomial infections. This microorganism is also the main infectious agent involved in bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. This is largely linked to the high ability of this bacterium to form biofilms which confers an increased resistance to antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to characterize the BAC “biofilm associated cluster”, system which involves proteins coded by the pA3729-pA3732 gene cluster. The aim was to evaluate the involvement of this system in the biofilm formation and lipid secretion. KO bac mutants were tested for their ability to adhere on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Thereafter, targeted proteomics approaches were implemented to decipher the potential localization of the different proteins of the BAC system. Preliminary functional experiments were also performed on the PA3729 purified protein which is probably addressed to the outer membrane. Lastly, interactomic experiments were realized on the BAC system purified proteins, by using the Isothermal Titration Calorimetry approach. Phenotypic tests performed with the mutants confirmed the role of the BAC system in the bacterial adhesion. Montal-Muller experiments demonstrated that the PA3729 protein was able to display a channel. Interactomic investigations confirmed the interaction between proteins of BAC system, in particular between PA3731 and PA3732. From these investigations, we hypothesize that the BAC system could be a new secretion system, not characterized yet, involved in extracellular lipid production. This system is involved in the bacterial adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces
Bellemare, Audrey. "Étude du mode d'action antimicrobien de la pré-élafine contre Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27207/27207.pdf.
Full textPérinet, Simone. "Génomique fonctionnelle du gène modA essentiel à l'infection pulmonaire chronique chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25069.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is the main pathogen causing chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The genome of the laboratory reference strain PAO1 was sequenced revealing its highly complex virulence regulatory network and a large part of genes of unknown function. A PCR-based signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) allowed the identification of 148 genes essential for chronic lung infection in a rat model. The PAO1-derivated strain STM_modA was obtained using this technique and is thus unable to persist in the rat lug in competition with a pool of strains. This strain carries an insertional mutation interrupting the open reading frame of the modA gene. This gene codes with the co-transcribed modB and modC genes for an ATP-binding cassette transporter (ModABC) responsible for the internalization of molybdate from the periplasmic space. Molybdate is the environmental molybdenum-containing ion, which is essential for the activity of the molybdoenzymes, a group of enzymes involved in a wide range of metabolic functions. The present work demonstrates that the ModABC transporter activity is essential for chronic lung infection in a rat model, for biofilm formation, for resistance to predation by the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as well as for denitrification and subsequent anaerobic growth. Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing demonstrated major changes in the gene transcription levels of STM_modA in comparison with wild-type PAO1 in anaerobic conditions. This work highlights the ModABC transporter as a potential target for the inhibitors development, a new strategy for antimicrobial research.
Orans, Jillian Redinbo Matthew Robert. "Structural studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilY1, a protein central to infections in cystic fibrosis." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2103.
Full textTitle from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.
Doig, Janet Alice Mairi. "Studies on some unusual characteristics expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with chronic respiratory infections." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23853.
Full textNgo, Tuan Dung. "Définition de cibles potentielles dans le SST3 de Pseudomonas aeruginosa pour une nouvelle stratégie anti-infectieuse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV074.
Full textCharacterization and inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion SystemPseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial diseases and infects cystic fibrosis patients. The Type III Secretion System (T3SS) is one of its most important virulence factors, allowing the direct injection of four exotoxins into the target eukaryotic cells. An important protein of T3SS is the conserved ATPase, named PscN that is involved in the assembly and functioning of this system. In this work, we demonstrated the interaction of PscN with T3SS secreted cargo proteins and with their chaperons in complex or alone using ELISA, HTRF and MST assays. Of important, MST (Microscale Thermophoresis) allowed us to determine the dissociation constants (Kd) of these proteins and PscN, showing the interaction preference of this enzyme for the cargo or complex proteins rather than for the corresponding chaperons alone. This confirm the hypothesis that the chaperons are released in the bacterial cytoplasm after the complex dissociation. Otherwise, we assess the Kd between the effector, translocator or needle complexes and PscN bound or not to the gate-keeper complex which is described as a regulator of substrate sorting for the secretion. The results showed that the binding of the gate-keeper to PscN dramatically increases its relative affinity for the needle complex, thus revealing a new role of the gate-keeper in the loading of the needle complex to the ATPase for the control of substrate hierarchical secretion in P. aeruginosa.In parallel, committed to the anti-virulence strategy, we take the opportunity to characterize the ex vivo and in vivo effects of compounds identified by a previous in vitro screening to inhibit the interaction of PscE and PscG. These proteins are the two cognate chaperons of the T3SS needle protein PscF in the bacterial cytoplasm. This interaction had been shown to be a valid anti-virulence target because single or double point mutations introduced within the binding site between PscE and PscG lead to a decrease of P. aeruginosa virulence. This work points out two best leads which belong to the structural hybrid cluster combining hits from two different chemical libraries. The two compounds inhibit the cell damages caused by T3SS positive P. aeruginosa strains, are non-toxic for eukaryotic cell and have minimal effect on bacterial fitness. They were also shown to be specific for T3SS and could protect Galleria mellonnela against P. aeruginosa infection.Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Type III Secretion System, ATPase, Anti-virulence
Buisson, Isabelle. "L'ecthyma gangréneux à pseudomonas aeruginosa chez le nourrisson : à propos de 6 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M063.
Full textFarra, Anna. "Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption in Sweden with focus on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-201-9/.
Full textMILON, VONAU PASCALE. "Antibiotherapie dans les infections a pseudomonas aeruginosa au cours des mucoviscidoses : apport de l'etude de 19 associations antibiotiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20166.
Full textVincent, Anne Danner-Boucher Isabelle. "Incidence du Pseudomonas aeruginosa multi-résistant sur le devenir après transplantation pulmonaire chez des patients atteints de mucoviscidose à propos de 99 cas nantais /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=46066.
Full textCarnoy, Christophe. "Interactions mucines - Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans la mucoviscidose : mise en évidence d'adhésines et de sites de reconnaissance glycanniques." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10133.
Full textFatima, Abdouchakour. "Réservoir environnemental, persistance et succès épidémiologique des populations de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans un hôpital." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT102/document.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental pathogen that growths in water and plumbing systems. In hospital, the rate of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and outbreaks caused by P. aeruginosa raised questions about the cycle of its transmission to human beings in the hospital environment. P. aeruginosa epidemiology at the Montpellier Academic Hospital allowed to collect 730 strains isolated over a 9-years period. This collection is representative of various environmental niches and two marked epidemiological periods. Clinical strains involved in outbreak events and serious infections were also included in the study. Genetic and phenetic analysis were performed with the aim to understand structure, dynamics and persistence of P. aeruginosa populations in various hospital reservoirs as well as the relationships between environmental reservoirs and epidemic success of P. aeruginosa.The experimental study, organized in 3 parts, produced the following major results. Medical and technological reservoirs of P. aeruginosa are highly dynamic and clonal emergence occurs in these systems, particularly in relation with networks decontamination by biocides. At the hospital scale, environmental reservoirs are directly involved in outbreak events. Physical barriers between water and patients cut the cycle of transmission from environment to human and markedly changed the epidemiology with a decrease of outbreaks in frequency and incidence. Moreover, the most ubiquitary strains that also persists in environment correspond to Epidemic High Risk (EHR) clones that succeed locally and globally. Population structure of P. aeruginosa within the hospital is similar to the worldwide population or to more local populations previously described: an epidemic structure with a background of recombinations involved in lineages emergence. The major EHR clone ST308 is more resistant to antibiotics than other prevalent clones not involved in outbreaks. However, the study of 46 strains in ST308 showed extreme within genotype variability, particularly various behaviours against antimicrobial agents. Increased ability to form biofilm and decreased motility have been described in literature as specific traits of EHR clones but it is not observed in this study. Our main hypothesis is that epidemic success of EHR clone ST308 in the hospital was linked to its diversity and versatility rather than to specific characters shared by all EHR strains.This study provides strong arguments in favour of the involvement of P. aeruginosa environmental reservoirs in HAI outbreaks. For a better control of these outbreaks, a surveillance of EHR clones of P. aeruginosa should be implemented independently to their antibiotic resistance. Moreover, barriers between environment and patient should be established as soon as an environmental reservoir of EHR clone is detected.Key words : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Healthcare Associated Infections, outbreak, environment, water network, population structure, epidemic high risk clone, resistance to antibiotics, biofilm, motility, intraclonal variation, adaptation
Potvin, Eric. "Génomique fonctionnelle de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et analyse moléculaire fine d'un facteur sigma-anti-sigma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19067.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). To overcome innate self defense, P. aeruginosa possesses a wide arsenal of virulence factors. These include degradation enzymes such as proteases, lipases and phospholipases and the production of three specific toxins: exotoxin A and exoenzymes S and T. Sequencing of the complete P. aeruginosa chromosome (strain PAO1) of 6.3 Mb revealed a highly regulated and complex genomic organization. In order to better understand host-pathogen molecular interactions, we developped a new signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) approach based on PCR screening. The PCR-based STM technology lead to the identification of 214 mutants deficient in their ability to maintain a chronic pulmonary infection in the rat lung. In that pool of STM mutants, STM2895, which contains a transposon insertion in functional PA2895, was the most frequently drafted during the whole mutant library screening. Phenotypic analyses of the STM2895 strain allowed us to identify an exoprotease production defect as compared with wild type strain PAO1. The biochemical characterization of that proteolytic default using specific degradation assays combined with western blotting revealed that at least two (LasA and LasB) of the four major exoproteases from P. aeruginosa STM2895 strain are inactive. In fact, LasA and LasB elastases were shown to be present in the STM2895 culture supernatant, correctly processed but inactive due to a probable misfolding of proteins. The PA2895 gene (unknown function) encodes a protein with a predicted transmembrane domain. Basic genomic context analyses strongly suggest a cotranscription unit with the downstream gene PA2896, a putative sigma 70 factor from ECF (extracytoplasmic function) type. Microarray experiments on the STM2895 strain and an insertional mutant of the PA2896 gene were performed to establish a link between the putative PA2895-PA2896 operon and the metabolism of iron. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated a repressive action of PA2895 on the transcription of PA2896 putative sigma factor. Finally, in vivo studies in the rat lung chronic infection model clearly showed a ten-fold decrease in survival capacity of the mutant strain when compared to the PAO1 wild-type strain.
Faure, Emmanuel. "Implications de la reconnaissance de Pseudomonas aeruginosa par le NLRC4-Inflammasome." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060187.
Full textKukavica-Ibrulj, Iréna, and Iréna Kukavica-Ibrulj. "Génomique fonctionnelle du régulateur transcriptionnel PYCR de Pseudomonas aeruginosa essentiel in vivo et comparaison des cinétiques d'infection pulmonaire chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19688.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste, hautement résistant à une multitude d’antibiotiques qui infecte principalement les patients immunosupprimés. Il représente la cause principale de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients atteints de fibrose kystique (mucoviscidose). Le but principal de ce projet consistait à identifier et à caractériser des gènes essentiels à l’infection et au maintien de P. aeruginosa dans un modèle animal d’infection pulmonaire chronique. À partir d’une banque de mutants transpositionnels, nous avons identifié 148 mutants de P. aeruginosa déficients à causer l’infection pulmonaire chronique chez le rat. Suite à des analyses bioinformatiques, le mutant inactivant le gène PA5437 a été sélectionné. L’opéron adjacent code pour les sous unités du pyruvate carboxylase (pycA et pycB) et est régulé par le gène PA5437, d’où l’appellation pycR pour pyruvate carboxylase regulator. Le pycR a été identifié comme étant un régulateur transcriptionnel de type LysR ayant une région typique de liaison à l’ADN. Le codon d’initiation de la transcription des gènes pycR et pycA a été identifié par élongation d’amorce. La capacité de liaison de la protéine PycR à l’ADN a été confirmée à l’aide du gel à retardement. L’implication de PycR dans la virulence bactérienne in vivo a été confirmée par indice de compétition et après 7 jours d’infection le mutant déficient ΔpycR est complètement éliminé du poumon du rat. L’importance de PycR a aussi été confirmée in vitro à l’aide des tests phénotypiques et enzymatiques démontrant la déficience dans la production de la lipase, de l’estérase et du biofilm. Finalement, l’analyse des résultats métaboliques et transcriptomiques a confirmé l’importance de PycR dans la régulation du métabolisme de lipides, de l’activité lipolytique, de la respiration anaérobique, de la formation du biofilm et des gènes régulés par le quorum sensing. Dans un second volet, une étude comparative entre souches prototypes (PAO1 et PA14) de P. aeruginosa et un isolat clinique (LESB58) de la fibrose kystique a été réalisée dans un modèle de l’infection pulmonaire chronique chez le rat. Cette étude a permis d’identifier des différences significatives au niveau de la localisation bactérienne dans les tissus pulmonaires de l’isolat clinique LESB58. D’importantes différences ont également été notées au niveau des facteurs de virulence comme la mobilité et la formation du biofilm. À long terme, les nouvelles connaissances acquises en génomique fonctionnelle devraient permettre d’identifier et de développer de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques permettant de combattre et mieux comprendre les infections causées par cette bactérie.
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics and causes a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts. In addition, it represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The principal goal of the present research project was to identify and to characterise P. aeruginosa genes essential for causing a chronic lung infection. Using a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified a P. aeruginosa STM5437 mutant having an insertion into the PA5437 gene; its inactivation causes attenuation of virulence in vivo. The PA5437 gene, now called pycR, regulates the adjacent operon encoding the pyruvate carboxylase subunits (pyruvate carboxylase regulator). PycR has the signature of a putative transcriptional regulator with a predicted helix-turn-helix motif binding to a typical LysR DNA-binding motif identified in the PA5436 (pycA)-PA5437 (pycA) intercistronic region. Transcriptional start sites of pycA and pycR were identified by primer extension and the DNA binding capacity of PycR was confirmed by a DNA mobility gel shift assay. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that the genes whose control were differentially expressed by PycR implicated genes responsible for lipid metabolism, lipolytic activity, anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and a number of quorum sensing regulated genes. This study defines PycR as a major regulator in virulence and where mutations in pycR have pleiotropic effects on the expression of multiple virulence factors such as lipase, esterase and biofilm formation. The expressions of several of these genes are associated with chronic lung persistence. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa prototype strains PAO1 and PA14 were compared with the CF isolate LESB58 in the rat model of chronic lung infection. This comparative study identified major differences for LESB58; in vivo in bacterial localisation in the rat lung and in vitro for motility and biofilm production. Functional genomics of P. aeruginosa will provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Genomic biodiversity may explain the variation in severity of the P. aeruginosa infections in CF disease.
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics and causes a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts. In addition, it represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The principal goal of the present research project was to identify and to characterise P. aeruginosa genes essential for causing a chronic lung infection. Using a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified a P. aeruginosa STM5437 mutant having an insertion into the PA5437 gene; its inactivation causes attenuation of virulence in vivo. The PA5437 gene, now called pycR, regulates the adjacent operon encoding the pyruvate carboxylase subunits (pyruvate carboxylase regulator). PycR has the signature of a putative transcriptional regulator with a predicted helix-turn-helix motif binding to a typical LysR DNA-binding motif identified in the PA5436 (pycA)-PA5437 (pycA) intercistronic region. Transcriptional start sites of pycA and pycR were identified by primer extension and the DNA binding capacity of PycR was confirmed by a DNA mobility gel shift assay. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that the genes whose control were differentially expressed by PycR implicated genes responsible for lipid metabolism, lipolytic activity, anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and a number of quorum sensing regulated genes. This study defines PycR as a major regulator in virulence and where mutations in pycR have pleiotropic effects on the expression of multiple virulence factors such as lipase, esterase and biofilm formation. The expressions of several of these genes are associated with chronic lung persistence. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa prototype strains PAO1 and PA14 were compared with the CF isolate LESB58 in the rat model of chronic lung infection. This comparative study identified major differences for LESB58; in vivo in bacterial localisation in the rat lung and in vitro for motility and biofilm production. Functional genomics of P. aeruginosa will provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Genomic biodiversity may explain the variation in severity of the P. aeruginosa infections in CF disease.
Sans, Serramitjana Eulàlia. "Nanoencapsulated antimicrobials to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients: a promising strategy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461914.
Full textP.aeruginosa és un dels principals patògens oportunistes colonitzadors del tracte respiratori dels pacients amb fibrosi quística (FQ) causant una infecció crònica. Una vegada aquest microorganisme ja està establert de manera crònica al pulmó, la densitat bacteriana augmenta i P.aeruginosa canvia de morfologia no mucosa a mucosa afavorint la formació de biofilm en el qual la susceptibilitat als antibiòtics es veu enormement disminuïda. L’elevada resistència de P.aeruginosa a múltiples antimicrobians ens condueix a un escenari on gairebé no hi ha opcions de tractament disponibles. En aquest sentit, la recerca en la introducció d’antimicrobians menys tòxics així com l’ús de noves formes farmacèutiques amb la capacitat de reduir la dosi, allargar els intervals d’administració així com reduir la toxicitat adquireix molta rellevància. Per tant, l’objectiu d’aquesta tesi va ser desenvolupar nanopartícules lipídiques (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: SLN y Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: NLC) carregades amb colistina I també les partícules amb tobramicina, explorar la seva activitat antimicrobiana comparant-la amb la seva forma lliure contra soques clíniques de P.aeruginosa aïllades de pacients amb FQ, i investigar l’eficàcia d’aquestes noves nanoformulacions en l’eradicació dels biofilms ja que és un dels mecanismes més rellevants associat a les infeccions cròniques.
Hendon-Dunn, Charlotte. "Bacteriophages as a potential treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated chest infections in cystic fibrosis patients." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/f92ff33d-5bf8-48c3-aba3-76d5fa5936f8.
Full textSomerville, Margaret. "The action of extracellular products from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on airway mucus secretion in vivo and in vitro." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241369.
Full textMeynard, Jean-Luc. "Facteurs de risque des infections bactériennes au cours de l'infection par le VIH." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066454.
Full textNilsson, Elin. "Characterization of IgY for Oral Immunotherapy and Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100191.
Full textFelatkigt ISBN ändrat: Tidigare 978-91-554-7477-5 nu 978-91-554-7478-2
Chambonnier, Gaël. "Etude de la transition entre les infections aiguës et chroniques chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa : le système Rsm." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0073.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium and a human opportunistic pathogen responsible for acute and chronic infections. Acute infections are characterized by a planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria, the production of the type III secretion system that targets the host cells and a low concentration of the two small non-coding RNAs RsmY and RsmZ. In contrast, chronic infections are characterized by a sessile lifestyle into a biofilm, the production of the type VI secretion system Hsi1 involve in bacterial dueling and a high concentration of RsmY and RsmZ. The control of these states of infection depends on a complex regulatory network that mainly implies the GacS/GacA two-component system and the RetS and LadS histidine kinases which control the expression of the two small RNAs. These two RNAs act by titrating the post-transcriptional repressor RsmA (and RsmF) thus allowing the translation of the virulence factors’ mRNAs. While the overall mechanisms of these three pathways and the functioning of RsmY and RsmZ have been studied, gray areas remain to be lighten on one hand with regard to the connection of LadS with GacS/GacA and/or RetS and on the other hand concerning the transition between the two infectious modes in response to the two small RNAs. During my Ph.D, I demonstrated that LadS acts through the GacS/GacA pathway and I showed that the transition between the acute and chronic infections depends on the concentration of the small RNAs Rsm. I also pointed out that the transition is progressive what leads to the existence of intermediate states where a bacterium present both acute and chronic markers
Moyne, Oriane. "Approche métabolomique pour l'étude de l'évolution adaptative de Pseudomonas aeruginosa au cours des infections pulmonaires chroniques dans la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS003/document.
Full textChronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. a.) is considered as the leading cause of cysticfibrosis (CF) morbidity and mortality. During this persistent infection, the bacterium adapts to the typical lungenvironment of these patients and evolves within its host for decades. This adaptive evolution is driven byphenotypes, including a decrease in virulence and an increase in antibiotic resistance over time. Althoughseveral studies have attempted to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of this evolution, it remains difficulttoday to explain the relationships between the accumulated genomic mutations and the expression ofclinically relevant phenotypes, or to correlate these mutations with the patient’s health status.In this work, we propose to study the mechanisms underlying this adaptive evolution at a post-genomicobservation level: metabolomics. Metabolomics, the newest of the -omics disciplines, provides an instantview of the metabolic activities, and furnishes a vision as close as possible to the phenotype. To this end,we constructed a bank of evolutive clonal P. a. lineages sampled during chronic lung infection in patientswith CF. This bank was then clinically, phenotypically and metabolomically characterized. Integration ofthese different levels of information by multi-block statistical methods has allowed us to highlight metabolicpathways involved in within-host patho-adaptation of P. a. .Our results rise new hypotheses for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic tools with the aim ofimproving the management of these infections particularly resistant to antibiotics. In addition, our workdemonstrates the interest of metabolomics to study bacterial adaptive evolution under natural conditions
Hedqvist, Camilla. "Lyophilization of specific IgY antibodies against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa used as therapy for Cystic fibrosis patients." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227236.
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