Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infections à Acinetobacter – Chimiothérapie'
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Antraygues, Kévin. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux ansamacrolides dans le traitement d'infections bactériennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILS027.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue nowadays and this will be even more true in the coming decades. Among the bacteria involved in this alarming phenomenon, Acinetobacter baumannii and Mycobacterium abscessus are both resistant to many antibiotics currently available on the market. Research and development of new antibiotics is therefore necessary to fight these pathogens.Rifabutin, a semi-synthetic macrocyle of the rifamycin class, has recently shown interesting in vitro activities against A. baumannii and M. abscessus, which then translated into in vivo efficacy. Rifabutin therefore seems to be promising to the fight against these bacteria, but the use of this antibiotic is currently limited. In order to treat an infection caused by A. baumannii, rifabutin requires to be injected by intravenous route, which is not so easy because of the low water solubility of the molecule. Concerning the treatment of M. abscessus infections, rifabutin, although effective in vivo, has moderate activity against this mycobacterium, which could lead to therapeutic escape.Therefore, the work presented in this thesis manuscript seeks to address the limitations of rifabutin mentioned above.In a first part, water-soluble prodrugs of rifabutin have been synthesized in order to allow an intravenous injection and thus fight effectively against A. baumannii infections. To achieve the release of rifabutin after enzymatic cleavage in plasma, an intramolecular cyclization strategy was employed. After evaluation of the compounds in plasma stability assays, structure-stability relationship studies were performed, leading to the identification of three promising prodrugs. Additional in vitro studies were then conducted such as the measurement of aqueous solubility and bacterial growth inhibition, and finally an in vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed to be able to select for a preclinical candidate.In a second part, analogues of rifabutin modified at the C25 position were synthesized to identify more potent compounds. Based on a parallel chemistry strategy, a large number of derivatives were rapidly obtained and then evaluated against M. abscessus in order to conduct structure-activity relationship studies
Henein, Alexandra Elisabeth. "The potential of bacteriophage therapy in Acinetobacter spp. infections." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2009. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9726f331-e5dc-4b67-a282-44cac1fe978f.
Diallo, Bruno Salla. "Études des acinetobacter : à propos de 98 souches isolées en milieu hospitalier." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23091.
Gagné, Stéphanie. "Étude des mécanismes de virulence du pathogène nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1045/document.
A. baumannii is an hospital acquired pathogen which causes mainly ventilator associated infection, urinary tract infection and bacteraemia. Last years Multi Drug Resistant strains increase and nosocomial infection cause by A. baumannii also which led him as a serious health care problem. We compare different strains in propose to find phenotype that can explain hypervirulent strain emergence. We studied type six secretion and showed that the complexity of A. baumannii virulence mechanism. Indeed type six secretion system regulation is strain dependant. Secondary we study hypervirulent strain and showed that intracellular stage exists and there is intracellular replication. Also hypervirulent strain induces less immune response. Those two mechanisms can explain A. baumannii hypervirulent phenotype
Fabre, David. "Approche pharmacocinétique de l'antibiothérapie dans les infections pulmonaires." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON13504.
Hauret, Sylvie. "Epidémiologie moléculaire d'infections nosocomiales à Acinetobacter Baumannii dans un service de réanimation." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P039.
Webster, Carol Ann. "The use of molecular typing systems for studying the epidemiology of Acinetobacter infections." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388315.
Chou, So-ha, and 周素霞. "Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumanniiin patients and their surrounding environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48333669.
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Microbiology
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Master of Medical Sciences
Brandely, Marie-Laure. "Nouvelles prises en charge des principales infections fongiques hospitalières : évaluation pharmaco-économique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P183.
Adegoke, Anthony Ayodeji. "Commensal bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas genera as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment of Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province , South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6539.
Zupanc, Kauss Tina. "Intérêt thérapeutique et formulation galénique des polyphénols dans le traitement des infections et inflammations." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21501.
Immune response can become a pathological process, leading to a joint matrix destruction in rheumatoid arthritis or to a chronic cachexia in African trypanosomosis. In both pathologies, new therapeutics are needed for a better patients care. Flavonols, non toxic vegetal compounds, could bring a therapeutic alternative in these diseases, but their anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic effects should be proved and/or characterized. We evaluated therefore the therapeutic potential of two flavonols, quercetin and rutin, in view of their use in human medicine. The effects of non toxic doses of flavonols on macrophage inflammatory mediators' gene transcription and protein expression were studied. In vitro inhibition of TNFα? il1β and NO was also confirmed on rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, showing a correlation between clinical signs of inflammation (clinical scores and cachexia) and serum inflammatory mediators. In addition, quercetin and rutin trypanocidal effects were demonstrated and the kinetics and dose-response relationship studied. Furthermore, the in vitro trypanocydal effect of vitamin C was highlighted. In vivo studies should confirm the effectiveness of these molecules in African trupanosomosis. A first galenic approach was also conducted in order to improve the bioavailability and consequent therapeutic effects of flavonols
Gounden, Ronald. "Safety and effectiveness of colistin compared with tobramycin for multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3282.
Background: Nosocomial infections due to multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are often treated with colistin, but there are few data comparing its safety and effectiveness with other antimicrobials, particularly the aminoglycosides. Metbods: A retrospective cohort study of patients treated with colistin or tobramycin for A. baumannii infections in intensive care units (ICUs) at Groote Schuur hospital was performed. Colistin was used for A baumannii isolates which were resistant to all other available antimicrobials. Tobramycin was used when the organism was susceptible to this antimicrobial. We assessed and compared ICU mortality, nephrotoxicity and time to the first negative culture in the colistin and tobramycin groups.
Reddy, Deveshnee. "Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13974.
Oung, Nguon Pumngear. "Infections nosocomiales : intérêt du suivi des consommations d'antibiotiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P061.
Oliveira, Maura Salaroli de. "Tratamento de infecções causadas por Acinetobacter spp. resistente a carbapenem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-29052008-102737/.
Acinetobacter spp. is a cause of a number of infections, mainly in the ICU setting. Antimicrobials drugs frequently reported as active against Acinetobacter spp include carbapenems, colistin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin, rifampin and tetracyclines and currently carbapenens are considered the main antimicrobial treatment. Unfortunately, over the past years there has been a worldwide increase in infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter. This poses a therapeutic challenge as few treatment options are avaible. We performed a retrospective review of the case records of patients from 1996 to 2004 who had nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from 2 large teaching hospitals. Diagnosis of infection was based on CDC criteria plus the isolation of Acinetobacter from a usually sterile site or from broncoalvelolar lavage. Urinary tract infections were not included. We collected data on demographic and clinical features, treatment, signs and symptoms from medical records. We evaluate 3 outcomes: mortality until the end of treatment, in-hospital mortality and clinical outcome. Eighty two patients received polymyxins (30%), 85 were treated with ampicilin-sulbactam (31%) and 99 (36%) did not receive any of these antibiotics. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups were similar. Multivariate analysis showed that treatment with polymyxins, Apache II score >= 15; septic shock; treatment delay and renal failure were independent predictors of mortality. On multivariate analysis, age >= 58 years, presence of septic shock and Apache II score >=15 were prognosis factors for mortality during hospitalization. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that Apache II >=15 and renal failure during treatment were associated with treatment failure. In conclusion, ampicillin-sulbactam was superior to polymyxin considering mortality during treatment.
Couturier, Sarah. "Synthèse et étude de 3'-desoxy-3'-C-methylnucléosides pyrimidiques." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20183.
Péguy, Agnès. "Acinetobacter baumannii : antibiotype, sensibilité aux beta-lactamines et résistance à l'Imipenem." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23081.
Le, Moing Vincent. "Réponse virologique et immunologique aux traitements avec inhibiteurs de protéase chez les patients infectés par le VIH." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28872.
Protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimens have been largely prescribed before a complete evaluation. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse repeated measures of two biological markers : plasma HIV RNA (VL) and CD4+cell counts (CD4) in a cohort of treated patients in order to show how observational studies may contribute to the answering to two pending questions concerning these treatments : when to start them ? how to measure their short and longer term efficacy ? The analyses of immunological and virological response yielded results favouring early initiation of therapy in the course of the disease : response was more frequent and more sustained when patients initiated therapy at low VL and high CD4. Due to the observational nature of the data, there are many potential biases however and only a controlled trial may answer to the question of the moment of initiation of therapy. The analyses of the relationships between virological response and further increase of CD4 suggested a potential role for partial virological response, i. E. Low but detectable VL as opposed to the complete virological response, undetectable VL, which is usually considered as the goal of therapy. In patients having virological failure with a VL < 5,000 copies/ml, a continuous increase of CD4 was observed. Preliminary analyses of progression to AIDS tended to confirm this result : progression was associated with a VL > 10,000 copies/ml 4 months after the initiation of therapy. If these results were confirmed with a longer follow-up and a higher number of events, they would be in favour of a more modest goal of therapy. Studies presented in this thesis also took into account sociological and behavioural measures, like adherence to therapy and social support and emphasised their important role, in epidemiology as well as in routine clinical practice
Jarrige, Jean Marc. "La pharmacochimie de l'acyclovir et de ses analogues." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P005.
Dupin, Valérie. "Chimiothérapie des infections à VIH et à Herpesviridae : modes d'action : mécanismes de résistances : revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P017.
Magen, Isabelle. "Helicobacter pylori : un nouveau regard dans le traitement de la maladie ulcéreuse gastroduodénale." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P090.
Lepère, Armelle. "Diagnostic et traitement des infections génitales basses à "Chlamydia trachomatis"." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P123.
Paradis-Bleau, Catherine. "Développement accéléré de nouveaux inhibiteurs contre les protéines de division cellulaire FtsZ et FtsA de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21334/21334.pdf.
The impact of bacterial infections and emergence of antibiotic resistance led to a serious need to develop new class of antibacterials. The acute resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa lowers the treatment efficiency of infected cystic fibrosis patients and immuno-compromised individuals. In the perspective of finding new antimicrobial agents, we are using the bacterial cell division machinery of as a new target. Thus, P. aeruginosa cell division proteins FtsZ and FtsA have been used to identify inhibitory peptides with the phage-display technique. We identified FtsZ and FtsA tight binding peptides and we characterized three inhibitory peptides of FtsZ GTPase activity. Peptidomimetism will allow the development of new antimicrobial agents with these leader peptides.
Robigo, Christel. "Deux pathologies virales : le zona et l'herpès génital. Leur traitement par deux agents antiviraux : l'aciclovir commercialisé sous le nom de zovirax et le famciclovir en développement clinique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P095.
Marimoutou, Catherine. "Evolution de la prise en charge de l'infection par le VIH à l'ère des multithérapies : expériences des Cohortes Aquitaine et MANIF 2000 : et du département de recherche clinique du CISIH-Sud de Marseille." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21085.
This work presents the results observed through three different cohorts of HIV infected patients and focused on changes in morbidity and mortality of HIV infected patients since HAART era. First, we observed the decraese in deaths and AIDS cases following the large diffusion of HAART in 1996 and persisting nowadays. Non AIDS deaths were mainly due to liver or heart failures and neoplasia. In patients infected through injecting drug use, deaths due to liver failure were as frequent as AIDS deaths. These results underlined the necessity to manage the hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. The main barrier to this management seemed to be the complete realization of the HCV screening, particularly the performance of liver biopsy. However, 1/2 HIV-VHC coinfected patients had a biopsy performed and 1/5 were treated for HCV. Among treated patients, the pejorative role of HAART with PI on HCV therapeutic response underlined the problem of therapeutic interaction in such coinfected patients
Hombrouck, Cécile. "Haemophilus influenzae, B-lactamase négative - "ampicilline résistants" : détection et étude de la résistance." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P172.
Figueiredo, Samy. "Acinetobacter spp. et réservoir de gènes de carbapénèmases." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743039.
Jelena, Đekić Malbaša. "Faktori rizika i javnozdravstveni značaj infekcije krvi izazvane multirezistentnim bakterijama Acinetobacter spp." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104676&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Aim: Establish the participation of Acinetobacter spp. isolates in the structure of positive hemocultures and the percentage range of resistance to antibiotics in the health institutions of secondary and tertiary level on the territory of AP of Vojvodina in the period from 2013 to 2015; determine which patients most commonly get BSI caused by MDRA; determine risk factors for the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) of blood caused by MDRA and the impact of HAI of blood caused by these pathogens to the duration of hospitalization, and the treatment outcome of patients admitted to the health care institutions of secondary and tertiary levels in the AP of Vojvodina. Material and Methods: Data from the protocol of the microbiological laboratory of the Center for Microbiology, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina were used for retrospective analysis of the frequency of isolates of Acinetobacter spp. in the structure of positive hemocultures and for monitoring the percentage isolates of Acinetobacter spp. resistant to the observed type of antibiotics in health institutions of secondary and tertiary levels in AP of Vojvodina in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. Determining the risk factor for the occurrence of BSI induced by MDRA was conducted as a prospective cohort study in intensive care units (ICU) in the health institutions in AP of Vojvodina in the period from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. Group 1 (n=164), study group of the cohort study included the patients with HAI of blood induced by MDRA. Group 2 (n=328), control group of the cohort study consisted of ICU patients without isolates of Acinetobacter spp. in the hemoculture. Controls were included in the study only if the length of their stay in the ICU (duration of hospitalization until discharge) was the same or longer than the length of the stay of their study group counterparts until the isolation of MDRA from blood culture. Controls were matched with the cases of the study group in the ratio (1: 2) according to: age (+/- 5 years), type of ICU and time (the same calendar month in which positive hemoculture was isolated in the the study group pair). In order to determine the predisposing factors of lethal outcome (14-day lethality) of patients in the ICU with the BSI caused by MDRA, anamnestic study was conducted. Results: Participation of Acinetobacter spp. isolates in the structure of hemocultures of patients, aged 18 and older, hospitalized in medical institutions in AP of Vojvodina in the period from 2013 to 2015 amounted to 13.9%. Acinetobacter spp. primoisolates from the patients' hemoculture samples were in 96.1% (198/204) multi-drug resistant. Analysing the Acinetobacter spp. isolates resistance to the tested antibiotics, Cefepime was the only to prove to cause statistically significant decrease in the share of resistant isolates (from 98.5% in the year 2014 to 83.3% in 2015), (p=0.025). Isolates of Acinetobacter spp. are most frequently registered in patients hospitalized in ICU (71.1% (145/204)). Multivariate analyses separated independent predictors for the occurrence of blood infection caused by the MDRA: patient transfers from another ward/hospital, admission diagnoses of polytrauma and burns, previous colonization of the upper respiratory tract MDRA, the presence of two or more co-morbidity, previous use of mechanical ventilation, higher index of invasive procedures, previous use of Imidazole derivates and the previous use of four or more classes of antibiotics. Patients with BSI caused by MDRA stayed statistically much longer in the ICU (24.5±17.5) as compared to uninfected controls (19.7±12.6), (p=0.001) and significantly more likely to have the lethal outcome (51.2% (84/164)) compared to patients without bloodsteram infections caused by this micro-organism (25.0% (82/328) (p<0.0001). Using multivariate analysis, independent predictors of death of patients, were found to be: advanced age, admission diagnosis of acute respiratory insufficiency and the application of inadequate antibiotic therapy after the isolation of pathogens from the hemoculture. Conclusion: The frequency and the structure of the risk factors suggested that the reduction of the prevalence and lowering of lethality can be achieved by combined administration of measures that include the rational use of broad spectrum antibiotics in the empirical antimicrobial treatment and strict compliance with the procedures related to the use of invasive follow-ups.
Dauchot, Jean-Marc. "Passage en ville des antirétroviraux : rapports d'enquête en milieu hospitalier et associatif avant et après la mise en place du dispositif." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P040.
Gozalo, Claire. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques des maladies à prions." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P619.
The purpose of this project was to map out new therapeutical approaches for the treatment of prion diseases through the study of original molecules belonging to two of the most efficient therapeutical classes described to date. Following efficacy studies on cellular models in comparison with Pentosan Polysulfate, the reference molecule, CR36 was selected within the heparan-mimetic class. The very different efficiency and toxicity profiles observed on various animal models led us to investigate on their respective mechanism of action and to propose different hypothesis : a central role in their affinity for PrP and in their interaction with endogenous heparan sulfates would therefore be played by the sulfation degree of these molecules. The selected porphyrins only induced a mild decrease of splenic PrPres after administration to mice. Their oxidative properties were not found to be involved in their anti-prion activity and our results favor the hypothesis of a structural and destabilizing role of the cooordinating metal for PrP aggregates
Gug, Fabienne. "Nouveaux dérivés à activité anti-prion : synthèse d'outils moléculaires permettant l'étude de leur mécanisme d'action." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P631.
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal form of prion protein into aggregates in brain. There is currently no treatment available for these disorders. Recently a simple, safe and rapid yeast-based method to screen for anti-prion drugs had been developed by Pr M Blondel et al. Thanks to this method, two interesting compounds have been identified: 6-aminophenanthridine ( 6-AP) and 2,6-dichlorobenzylidene aminoguanidine (2,6-DBAG). This work is divided in two parts. In the first one, two original synthesis of 6-AP are presented and numerous series derived from 6-AP and 2,6-DBAG are described. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. In the second one, two types of new molecular tools derived from these two compounds are synthetised. Based on affinity chromatography and photoaffinity labelling these tools allowed the identification of the molecular targets of the active products
Trabelsi, Mohamed. "Synthèse d'une nouvelle série de spiroarsoranes à ligands catécholamide. Activités antifilarienne et trypanocide." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30113.
Godoy, Cássia Silva de Miranda. "Infecções por Acinetobacter baumannii em adultos admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs) de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3395.
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Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab), has an important role in healthcare-associated infections, present a rapid global and emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, affecting many countries. In Brazil, Ab is responsible for outbreaks infections in intensive care units (ICUs) since 1996, with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. This was a descriptive cohort study of adult infected with Ab during the period of June to December of 2010, that evaluated the clinical and epidemiological profile of infections caused by Ab and analyzed genetically, by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), clinical isolates from patients admitted in five ICUs of the Municipality of Goiania. We identified 64 cases of patient infected or colonized with Ab during the study period, 84 samples culture positive for Ab with a global infection rate of 4.8%. Infection incidence at each hospital was as follows: 10 % in ICU-1, 4.3% in ICU-2, 7.8% in ICU-3, 1.3% in ICU-4, and 7.5 % in ICU-5. The mean age of patients was 53.2 years (sd=19) and 59.4% (38) were male. Symptomatic infections occurred in 90.6% of the cases. The most frequent site of infection was pulmonary (53.1%), followed by surgical site (10.9%), and urinary tract (7.8%). The most common underlying diseases were neoplasia (34.4%) and AIDS (17.2%). Most of the patients infected with Ab (98.4%) had received antimicrobial therapy previously. The most frequently used drugs were cephalosporins (71.4%), carbapenems (50.8%), glycopeptides (46.0%), and fluoroquinolones (33.3%). Among the invasive procedures realized prior to Ab infection, intravascular catheters and vesical catheters where the most frequent (93.7%). The culture results from the isolate of each patient revealed that carbapenems resistance was 73.4%, ampicillin-sulbactam 60.9%, amikacin 20.3%, polymyxins 6.2%, tigecycline 3.1%. The overall mortality rate was 79.7% and related mortality rate to Ab infection was 67.2%. PFGE analysis of the isolates from 56 patients demonstrated the dissemination of genetically related clones within the ICU and between the different ICUs, and the identification of a major outbreak of MDR Ab in four out of the five analyzed ICUs involving 12 patients. In conclusion a high rate of antimicrobial resistance was detected as well as a high mortality rate among ICU patients infected with Ab, requiring stronger and more efficient measures to control this agent, as well as urgent measures are needed for the rational utilization of antibiotics in ICUs.
O Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) tem importante papel nas infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde e apresenta emergência rápida e global de cepas multidrogarresistentes (MDR), atingindo vários países. No Brasil, o Ab é responsável por surtos de infecções em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs) desde 1996, com elevadas taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos. Esse estudo foi delineado como uma coorte descritiva de pacientes adultos infectados por Ab no período de junho a dezembro de 2010. Avaliou o perfil clínico e epidemiológico das infecções causadas por Ab e analisou geneticamente, por eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE), os isolados clínicos destes pacientes em cinco UTIs de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia. Foram identificados 64 casos de pacientes infectados ou colonizados por Ab no período do estudo, 84 amostras de cultura positivas para Ab e taxa global de infecção de 4,8 %. A frequência de infecções por UTIs foi de: 10% na UTI-1; 4,3% na UTI-2; 7,8% na UTI-3 e 1,3% na UTI-4 e 7,5% na UTI-5. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 53,2 anos (dp=19) sendo 59,4% (38) do sexo masculino. Infecção sintomática ocorreu em 90,6% dos casos. O sítio de infecção mais frequente foi o pulmonar com 53,1%, seguido de infecção do sítio cirúrgico 10,9% e trato urinário 7,8%. As doenças de base mais comuns foram neoplasia (34,4%) e AIDS (17,2%). Dos pacientes com infecção pelo Ab, 98,4% receberam antibacteriano prévio. Os antibacterianos mais usados foram: cefalosporinas 71,4% (45); carbapenêmicos 50,8% (32), glicopeptídeos 46,0% (29) e fluorquinolonas 33,3% (21). Dos procedimentos invasivos realizados previamente à infecção pelo Ab, cateter vascular central e sondagem vesical de demora (93,7%) foram os mais comuns. A letalidade global foi de 79,7% (51/64), e a relacionada às infecções pelo Ab foi de 67,2% (39/58). Avaliando os resultados de cultura positiva, a resistência aos carbapenêmicos foi de 73,4%, à ampicilina/sulbactam de 60,9% (39/64), amicacina de 20,3% (13/64), polimixinas de 6,2% (4/64) e tigeciclina de 3,1% (2/64). A análise por PFGE das isolados bacterianos dos pacientes (56), demonstrou a disseminação clonal de Ab dentro das UTIs, e entre as diferentes UTIs, com identificação de um surto por Ab MDR entre quatro das cinco UTIs investigadas no período do estudo, envolvendo 12 pacientes. Constatamos alto índice de Ab MDR e alta letalidade nas UTIs avaliadas, com necessidade de intensificar o controle deste agente, além de racionalização do uso de antimicrobianos nas UTIs.
Dulin, Jacqueline. "Traitement des infections urinaires chez la personne agée : élaboration et évaluation d'un protocole d'antibiothérapie." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P002.
Oliveira, Maria Manuela Pereira de. "Optimisation des paramètres biopharmaceutiques de l'indinavir." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT1801.
Cayla, Rémy. "Traitement des ulcères duodénaux associés à Hélicobacter pylori : résultats et suivi à long terme d'un essai randomisé associant une biantibiothérapie à un anti-sécrétoire (Ranitidine vs Omeprazole)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23090.
Jebbari, Mostafa. "Les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons, l'ulcère gastroduodénal à l'heure de l'Helicobacter Pylori." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P025.
Bottalico, Fabrice. "Antibiothérapie de première ligne du sujet adulte fébrile en aplasie prolongée : évaluation de l'association empirique céfépime-tobramycine en hématologie maligne, à propos de 140 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M030.
Fattal, Elias. "Mise au point de nanoparticules et de liposomes chargés en ampicilline pour le traitement des infections intracellulaires." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114807.
Andron, Pascal. "Les infections à "Streptococcus pneumoniae" de 1984 à 1990 à l''hôpital Louis Mourier de Colombes : aspect épidémiologique et évolution de la résistance à la pénicilline." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P006.
Casas, Christiane. "Synthèse de métalloporphyrines-vecteurs : cas des oligonucléotides." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30236.
Lobo, Caroline Zapater. "Características microbiológicas e clínicas das infecções por Acinetobacter spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardíaca de um Hospital Universitário do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7590.
Infections in cardiac surgery still have an important scenario infections associated with health assistance(IAHA), favoring acquisition of the patients to infection by microrganisms multiresistants. This work aimed to avaluate the profile of the resistance antimicrobial, to verify the presence of genes encoding enzymes of types oxacilinases and metallo-beta-lactamases and describe demographic and clinical caracteristics of inpatients colonized/infected by Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa in Cardiac Care Center the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital during the period 2005 to 2010. Most of 46 samples of Acinetobacter spp. and 35 the P. aeruginosa were the respiratory origen and and blood. Most sample A.baumannii showed higher percentages of resistance to: ceftazidime, piperacilin-sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and CIM ≥32 μg/mL for carbapenems. A sample was resistant a polymyxin B. The gene blaOXA-23 was detected in 65% of the samples and a sample showed gene blaOXA-24.The genes blaOXA-58-like e blaOXA-143 not were detected. For P. aeruginosa the percentage of resistance to all antimicrobials was less than 32%. Four samples showed intermediate resistance to polymyxin B and no gene the resistance was detected.The charts of all patients were analyzed in order to associated the clinical caracteristics with infections processes identified and the clinical outcome. The analyses by type of microrganism associated with infections process over the age of 70 years, DM and use mechanical ventilation for prolonged was higer in the patients with infection by P. aeruginosa. The IAM and the ICC of previous hospitalizations and complications (cardiogenic shock and arrhythmia) had an impact on mortality in series of patients (p<0,05). The renal failure among all comorbitidies was the only one that was associated with mortality (OR=8,3). There was no association between mortality and the organism causing the infection (Acinetobacter spp. p=0,3 and P.aeruginosa p=0,2). Two cases of mediastinitis of Acinetobacter spp. and two cases of P. aeruginosa was observed. It was an umprecedented finding in Brazil at that moment.
Meyer-Madelaine-Dupuich, Christine. "Nouvelle voie de synthèse de dérivés aromatiques d'acides disulfoniques : Etude de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques en relation avec leur activité anti-V.I.H." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30161.
Bildstein, Sophie. "Évaluation de l'antibiothérapie dans le traitement des pneumopathies nosocomiales en réanimation : étude prospective sur une population de 45 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P093.
Toure, Abdoulaye II. "Impact de la nutrition parentérale associée à la chimiothérapie intraveineuse sur l'incidence des infections aux cathéters veineux chez les patients ayant un cancer digestif." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976860.
Maruejouls, Christophe. "Etat actuel de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des "Pasteurella" et bactéries apparentées isolées d'infections humaines." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P194.
Ndonga, Lutumba. "Antibiothérapie en milieu hospitalier (enquête du 1 février au 15 avril 1992)." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P004.
Thibon, Jacques. "Synthèse d'analogues acycliques organosiliciés de nucléosides." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28494.
Montagu, Angélique. "Composants aromatiques nano-encapsulés : une alternative face à la résistance aux antibiotiques : Démonstration des effets biologiques seuls ou nano-encapsulés de l’in vitro à l’in vivo Prevention of Bacterial Infections Using Encapsulated Phytophenolic Actives Aromatic and terpenic compounds loaded in lipidic nanocapsules: activity against multi-drug resisant Acinobacter baumannii assessed in vitro and in a murine model of sepsis Demonstration of the interactions between aromatic compound-loaded lipid nanocapsules and Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial membrane." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0072.
Faced with the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the discovery of new antibacterial strategies is imperative. An alternative is the use of antibacterial active substances from essential oils. These lipophilic compounds were encapsulated via lipidic nanocapsules(LNC) allowing a use by systemic way. The efficacy of actives loaded LNC has been showed in a murine model of sepsis against Acinetobacter baumannii with a survival rate of 45% to 55%. Our study showed the power of attraction and penetration of the encapsulated carvacrol (Car) via the hydroxyl functions. The biological effects of these compounds were characterized by a degradation of rRNA, an over expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins. A catalase overexpression was also observed which is related to an oxidative stress (role of detoxification). Our works showed that bacteria could use in this process, a defense strategy against Car using the endogenous reactive oxygen species in response to environmental stress. These biological effects are preserved after encapsulation by LNC. In an in vivo model of pneumonia, no animal survival has been observed, despite the use of pegylated LNC, which is supposed to increase their stealth in the blood. Pulmonary infection did not promote the LNC accumulation in the lungs. This phenomenon could be explained by the metabolization of Cin in cinnamic acid in the blood, the oxidized form ofthe compound which would drastically reduce the antibacterial activity of Car-Cin loaded LNC
Célestin, Hanitranirina Michel. "Influence du ritonavir sur le taux sanguin de polynucléaires neutrophiles chez les patients infectés par le VIH." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P045.