Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infection sexuellement transmissible'
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Pepey, Claudie. "Risques de stérilité liée aux maladies infectieuses sexuellement transmises chez la femme, un problème de santé publique." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11080.
Full textTamarelle, Jeanne. "Composition et dynamique du microbiote vaginal : facteurs associés et rôle dans l’infection par Chlamydia trachomatis The vaginal microbiota and its association with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis Vaginal microbiota composition and association with prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a cross- sectional study of young women attending a STI clinic in France Nonoptimal Vaginal Microbiota After Azithromycin Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV097.
Full textChlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted bacteria responsible for cervicitis, urethritis, and pelvic inflammatory diseases leading to subsequent tubal infertility and ectopic pregnancies. It is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection worldwide, including in France. Epidemiological data indicate that the incidence rate is increasing despite the implementation of control measures, which motivates the revision of current screening strategies. The vaginal microbiota could play a major role in preventing sexually transmitted infections through ecological competition and metabolites, such as lactic acid production. The vaginal microbiota corresponds to a fine-tuned equilibrium likely to be modified by exposures such as sexual practices, hygiene practices, antibiotics but also presence of pathogens. The overall objective of this thesis is to study the association in this triangle composed of external exposures, vaginal microbiota and CT infection, through the study of the vaginal microbiota composition and dynamics. We aimed at answering these questions: are there biomarkers of CT infection in the vaginal microbiota? Are the vaginal microbiota composition and structure modified by CT infection and antibiotic consumption? What are the exposures associated with perturbations of the vaginal microbiota? To answer these questions, the first step consisted of a state of the art to estimate the association between vaginal microbiota and CT infection in the literature, as well as three other clinically relevant sexually transmitted infections, and to evaluate the role of several factors in the observed heterogeneity between studies. In a second step, we estimated this association using molecular characterization of the vaginal microbiota in two studies in France and in the United States. We showed that Lactobacillus iners-dominated communities (CST III) and Lactobacillus-deprived communities (CST IV) were over-represented among CT-positive women. By studying the vaginal microbiota after azithromycin treatment and CT clearance in the American study, we showed that the vaginal microbiota did not evolve towards an optimal state, suggesting that women may stay at risk of CT reinfections. Finally, in two longitudinal studies using frequent sampling in the United States, we studied exposures associated with incidence and clearance of a CST IV. We showed that when the vaginal microbiota was not dominated by L. iners, menses was the main factor associated with incidence and clearance of a CST IV, while for women whose vaginal microbiota is dominated by L. iners, menses but also lubricant use, douching, ethnic origins, age and condomless vaginal sex were associated with CST IV incidence and/or clearance. Therefore, this thesis allowed on the one hand to confirm the association between Lactobacillus-deprived vaginal microbiota and CT infection using genome sequencing, and on the other hand to single out L. iners from other Lactobacillus spp. and to evaluated the risk associated with CST III. By enabling a better understanding of the natural history of CT and of the vaginal microbiota dynamics, we hope to contribute to improving strategies for the control of CT infection and other STIs. The innovative potential of the project lies in the use of molecular methods, which allows refining of our approach of health management by integrating individual predisposition to sexually transmitted infections, thus paving the way for personalized medicine
Abraham, Shahnaz. "Analyse des mécanismes de transmission des infections sexuellement transmissibles /." Genève : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2008/AbrahamS/these.pdf.
Full textDomejean, Sylvie. "Evaluation d'une action de prévention du Sida et desMST en milieu scolaire." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11295.
Full textServy, Alice. "« AIDS IS HERE! » Prévenir les infections sexuellement transmissibles à Port-Vila, Vanuatu." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0014.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of the relations between the global and local forces at work in the context of the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in Vanuatu. I noted that, in the archipelago, the number of actors and actions in the field of sexual and reproductive health was relatively large considering the small number of cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) declared by the government and that Vanuatu had health problems impacting its population’s morbidity and mortality more severely that STI’s. I therefore became interested in the effects of contemporary globalization which might explain this discrepancy. My analysis is based on data collected between 2009 and 2012 during eighteen months’ fieldwork research in the archipelago (mainly in the capital, Port-Vila), as well as on two consultancy missions for the United Nations in 2012 and 2013. My work establishes that the organizations working in sexual and reproductive health in Port-Vila endeavour to transmit internationally recognized and acknowledged norms, categories and concepts. It also reveals that these bodies propose new hierarchies of values and representations of personhood different from those usually presented by the local population and contribute to the spread of discourses associating life in urban environments with STIs. However, the ni-Vanuatu employed by these organizations to run prevention programmes concerning sexual and reproductive health in the capital do considerable work translating these notions, and the inhabitants of Port-Vila, for instance those of Seaside Tongoa, encounter a profusion of sources of knowledge which affect how they think and act with regard to these questions differently
Servy, Alice. "« AIDS IS HERE! » Prévenir les infections sexuellement transmissibles à Port-Vila, Vanuatu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0014.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of the relations between the global and local forces at work in the context of the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in Vanuatu. I noted that, in the archipelago, the number of actors and actions in the field of sexual and reproductive health was relatively large considering the small number of cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) declared by the government and that Vanuatu had health problems impacting its population’s morbidity and mortality more severely that STI’s. I therefore became interested in the effects of contemporary globalization which might explain this discrepancy. My analysis is based on data collected between 2009 and 2012 during eighteen months’ fieldwork research in the archipelago (mainly in the capital, Port-Vila), as well as on two consultancy missions for the United Nations in 2012 and 2013. My work establishes that the organizations working in sexual and reproductive health in Port-Vila endeavour to transmit internationally recognized and acknowledged norms, categories and concepts. It also reveals that these bodies propose new hierarchies of values and representations of personhood different from those usually presented by the local population and contribute to the spread of discourses associating life in urban environments with STIs. However, the ni-Vanuatu employed by these organizations to run prevention programmes concerning sexual and reproductive health in the capital do considerable work translating these notions, and the inhabitants of Port-Vila, for instance those of Seaside Tongoa, encounter a profusion of sources of knowledge which affect how they think and act with regard to these questions differently
Barthélemy, Véronique Remy Dominique. "Impact d'une action de prévention sur les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles auprès d'un groupe d'adolescents." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=45241.
Full textChauvin, Véronique. "Les infections génitales à "Chlamydia"." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P004.
Full textXueref, Serge André. "Infections sexuellement transmissibles et hépatites virales dans la région de Tuléar, capitale du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10286.
Full textGnintoungbé, Cyriaque Adandé Badjo. "Maladies sexuellement transmissibles, MST, et infection à [sic] VIH chez les partenaires sexuels des prostituées à Cotonou, Bénin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/MQ43751.pdf.
Full textBéhanzin, Luc. "Évolution de l'épidémie du VIH en présence d'interventions ciblant le milieu prostitutionnel au Bénin : analyses de tendance et des techniques de collectes de données comportementales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29661/29661.pdf.
Full textThis study carried out in Benin had three components associated with the following objectives: 1) to assess the time trends in the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STI) and associated sexual behaviors among female sex workers (FSW) from 1993 to 2008, while preventive interventions targeting the sex work milieu were ongoing (developed by the Canadian project from 1992 to 2006 before being taken over by the national authorities) and assess the impact of change in intervention model on trends after the disengagement of the project in 2006, 2) to assess the change in HIV/STI prevalence and associated behaviors in the general population of Cotonou between 1998 and 2008, 3) to compare the method of individual face-to-face interviews (FTFI) to that of polling booth surveys (PBS). From 1993 to 2008, there was a significant decrease in HIV/STI prevalence among FSW and this decrease was very strong in Cotonou for HIV (53.3% to 30.4%, adjusted-p=0.0001) and gonorrhea (43.2 % to 6.4%, adjusted-p < 0.0001). On the other hand, from 2005 to 2008, there was a significant increase in gonorrhea prevalence (prevalence ratio: PR=1.76, 95% confidence interval: [1.17-2.65]) after disengagement of the Canadian project in 2006. In Cotonou, where the targeted interventions were reinforced between 2001 and 2006, HIV prevalence significantly decreased by 83% between 1998 and 2008 (3.0 to 0.5 %, adjusted-p=0.002) among young men of the general population aged 15-29 years. More HIV-related risky sexual behaviors were reported through PBS than through FTFI, thus suggesting that the former reduces social desirability biases. The study shows that in countries where the HIV epidemic is still concentrated among FSW as in Benin, preventive interventions targeting the sex work milieu remain the most effective intervention for a reliable control of the epidemic. Within this context where accurate data on sexual behaviors are of central importance for the design of effective preventive interventions as well as the assessment of their impact, PBS should be integrated into behavioral surveys.
Trollé, Sylvine. "Infections à papillomavirus humains : application d'une méthode de détection génomique par la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P115.
Full textTigalekou, Ognaligui Cynthia. "Représentations sociales de la sexualité de jeunes fréquentant des lycées gabonais en lien avec les stratégies de prévention des infections transmissibles sexuellement." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6256.
Full textSaindou, Maoulide. "Prévalence et déterminants des infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les femmes enceintes de Mayotte : étude épidémiologique concernant le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine, le virus de l’hépatite B et du Treponema pallidum." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10043/document.
Full textThe epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is poorly documented in Mayotte especially among pregnant women (PW) and knowledge of determinants that increased STI in the island, and in this particular socio-economic and health situation, is needed. The objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency and risk factors associated with HIV, HBV, and syphilis, to study the HBV vaccination and describe the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS-STIs in PW. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 671 PW followed in Mayotte public prenatal clinic (Protection Maternelle et Infantile (PMI)) services. No case of HIV seropositivity was observed. The prevalence of HBsAg of HBV was 3.4% and of active syphilis was 2.1%, but the prevalence of HBV infection and HBV vaccination was respectively 35.5% and 18.6%. The HBV infection was associated with birthplace (Comoros), behavioral factors and history of STIs. Syphilis was rather associated with lack of education and history of STIs. The HBV vaccination was associated with sociodemographic determinants. The socio-behavioral study showed that there is a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS-STIs in PW despite the practice of some risky sexual behaviors. This work has helped to draw up an update of HIV and STIs, and their determinants among PW in Mayotte, and could lead to the development of prevention methods adapted to this context
Tambekou, Joëlle Laure. "Effet de la circoncision sur l'acquisition des IST dans une population d'hommes jeunes à Orange Farm, Afrique du sud." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T028.
Full textLegendre-Dugal, Marianne. "Association entre l'utilisation d'un traitement pour les infections transmises sexuellement et une utilisation moindre du condom chez les travailleuses du sexe en Inde du Sud." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26195.
Full textOur study was part of the evaluation of the Avahan HIV prevention program targeted at female sex workers (FSW) in India. Treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was part of the strategies used in this program. We assessed whether having received a treatment was associated with consistent condom use (CCU). This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006-2007 among 1378 FSWs in five Indian districts. Reported CCU was lowest among FSWs who had received ≥3 treatments in the last three to 12 months with their new or occasional clients [Adjusted prevalence ratio (APR): 0.70, 95% Confidence interval (95%CI): 0.57-0.84] and for the most recent repeat client (APR 0.63, 95%CI: 0.51-0.78). Further research on the causal link between those two variables is warranted.
Mamodhoussen, Firoz. "Contribution à l'étude des infections génitales hautes au Gabon : à propos de 55 cas." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11096.
Full textMunayeno, Muvova. "Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (maladies vénériennes) et la santé publique au Congo: contribution à l'histoire socio-épidémiologique des IST en milieux urbains (1885-1960)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210102.
Full textnégligée par des chercheurs africains spécialistes en sciences sociales, en raison notamment du tabou
qui entoure la sexualité dans ce continent. Toutefois, les dernières décennies ont donné lieu à plusieurs
recherches menées principalement par les Européens africanistes sur ces pathologies grâce à
l’émergence de la pandémie actuelle du Sida. La plupart des travaux réalisés sont axés sur les facteurs
de risque, les mécanismes de diffusion, les croyances et les attitudes populaires face à ces maladies, les
politiques de lutte, etc. Mais les études historiques consacrées aux IST sont très rares. Celles qui
existent ont surtout mis en évidence la dimension démographique axée sur le problème de la dénatalité
en laissant dans l’ombre le contexte socio-historique et les conditions socio-épidémiologiques de
propagation de ces affections. Au moment où le Sida fait des ravages dans le monde et tout
particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne, l’intérêt d’une réflexion historique sur les IST au Congo
n’est plus à démontrer.
Contrairement à une affirmation classiquement admise dans la littérature, selon laquelle la
lutte contre les IST au sein de la population congolaise fut un franc succès pour les autorités coloniales
surtout après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, cette thèse montre plutôt l’augmentation de la prévalence
des IST dans le temps. Les archives inédites et l’analyse des données révèlent que cette progression
continue est la conséquence de l'urbanisation accélerée et de la monétarisation de la société et de la sexualité entraînant des modes de vie propres à la société coloniale urbaine. Les villes issues de ce processus deviendront non seulement des espaces
d’acculturation et de modernité, mais aussi des lieux d’expansion de ces maladies. Le développement
de la prostitution et la multiplicité des partenaires sexuels, à travers les unions plus libres et
momentanées, sont les principaux facteurs explicatifs de cette observation.
On présente généralement de manière panégyrique l’oeuvre sanitaire coloniale de la Belgique
au Congo comme ‘‘modèle’’. Pourtant, aucune étude n’a déjà été menée pour examiner, de manière
chiffrée, les aspets liés aux différences de santé entre les Congolais et les Blancs. Cette
dissertation vient combler les lacunes existantes dans ce domaine. De ce point de vue, il en résulte de
fortes inégalités et des déséquilibres persistants de santé entre ces deux types de populations. Les Congolais beaucoup plus
nombreux, socialement défavorisés, ne bénéficient que d’une situation peu ou moins favorable ;tandis
que les Blancs, socialement plus favorisés, bénéficient en général d’une meilleure situation sanitaire.
Plusieurs indicateurs élaborés dans ce travail sont révélateurs de cette réalité coloniale, en termes
d’équipements sanitaires, d’accès et d’utilisation de soins et d’état de santé différencié./
The issue of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Africa has long been neglected by
researchers African social scientists, particularly because of the taboo surrounding sexuality in Africa.
However, recent decades have resulted in several research conducted mainly by the European
Africanists on these diseases through the emergence of the current pandemic of AIDS. Most of studies
are focused on risk factors, distribution mechanisms, the popular attitudes about these infections,
control policies. But historical studies on STI are seldom examined. Those that exist are mainly
concerning the demographic dimension focuses on the problem of declining birth, leaving the socio-historical
and socio-epidemiological spread of such diseases. While AIDS is ravaging the world and
especially in sub-Saharan Africa, one thing to mention is that the interest of historical reflection on
STI in the Congo is obvious.
Contrary to an assertion conventionally accepted in the literature, that the fight against
gonorrhea and syphilis among the Congolese population was a success for the colonial authorities,
especially after the Second World War, our thesis shows rather the increasing prevalence of STI. The
archives and analysis of data indicates this continued progress is the result of special conditions of
industrialization and urbanization colonial that make people vulnerable. Cities from this historical
process will not only areas of acculturation and modernity, but also places for expansion of these
diseases. The development of prostitution and multiple sexual partners through free and temporary
unions are the main factors explaining this observation.
It has generally praises how the actions of Belgian colonial health in the Congo as 'model'.
However, no study has been conducted to establish or to compare quantitatively the health status
between Blacks (Congolese) and Withes (Europeans in majority). This essay shows the social health
inequalities among these two populations. The Congolese many in number, but more socially
disadvantaged have only less favorable conditions to health. While the white people, socially
privileged, generally have better health status. Several indicators developed in this study are revealing
of the colonial reality in terms of sanitation, access and use of care and health status differential.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bonneault, Mélanie. "Modélisation dynamique des infections et co-infections génitales à papillomavirus humain (HPV) et de l’impact à long terme de la vaccination anti-HPV." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASR002.
Full textGenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection affects nearly one-third of people under the age of 25 years from the start of their sexual activity. Generally asymptomatic, it can lead to the development of cancerous lesions. Among the forty or so HPV genotypes transmitted via the genital tract, about fifteen have been evaluated as oncogenic and causal agents of cervical cancer. Two vaccines offered to young girls in France since 2007 target the two HPV genotypes most at risk of cervical cancer. As these vaccines only include a fraction of the HPV genotypes, the evolution of the prevalences of infection and co-infection remains uncertain. The aim of this thesis is to better understand the impact of interactions between HPV genotypes during intra-host co-infections on the evolution of the prevalences of vaccine (V) and non-vaccine (NV) genotypes. To meet this objective, this work is based on the development of an individual-based model that makes it possible to reproduce both the heterogeneity of sexual behaviour and the transmission dynamics of V and NV genotypes as functions of age. A first part of this thesis presents a detailed description of this stochastic model and its validation on survey data. This model assumes that the interaction between genotypes results in the reduction (competition) or extension (synergy) of the duration of infection by an NV genotype in the event of prior infection by a V genotype. Calibration of transmission parameters for various interaction strengths shows that several of them are compatible with pre-vaccine epidemiological data on infection and co-infection. In the simulations, after introduction of vaccination into the population, we observe that the prevalence of NV genotypes increases in the case of competition and decreases in the case of synergy, especially when the interaction is strong. In the event of competition, the increase in the prevalence of NV could lead to a slight decrease or even an increase in the overall prevalence of all genotypes despite vaccination. The second part aims to explore, through a simulation study, how the introduction of vaccination modifies the spread of infection in the contact network. The simulations highlight variations in NV prevalence before and after vaccination which are more marked in less active individuals. In the third part, the model is used to emulate epidemiological studies in order to determine the conditions (number of subjects, time after the introduction of the vaccine) necessary to detect a decrease or increase in HPV prevalences following vaccine introduction in the population. A systematic review of the literature reveals two observational study designs comparing the prevalences of infection either in two populations in the pre- and post-vaccination eras, or in vaccinated and unvaccinated people in the post-vaccination era. The results obtained suggest that the studies published to date, regardless of the design, lack statistical power to detect variation in NV prevalence. Based on the development of a model validated to reproduce realistic sexual behaviours and prevalences of HPV infection, this thesis work contributes to the improvement of epidemiological knowledge on HPV infections and co-infections and allows us to anticipate the impact of vaccine prevention measures on the prevalence of HPV infection
Dupré, Thierry. "Immunité humorale cervicovaginale des femmes au stade asymptomatique des infections par le VIH de type 1 ou par le VIH de type 2." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P128.
Full textMadian, Mohamed Saïd. "Aperçu sur la situation sanitaire en 1991 dans la république de Djibouti." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M203.
Full textMoysan, Nolwenn Goronflot Lionel. "La prévention des infections sexuellement transmissibles des adolescents telle qu'elle est perçue par des médecins généralistes à partir d'une enquête auprès de généralistes maîtres de stages en Loire-Atlantique et Vendée /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDmoysan.pdf.
Full textFradet, Lucie. "L’appropriation du processus de participation d'une recherche-action participative par des personnes utilisatrices de drogues engagées dans une démarche créative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69702.
Full textParticipatory action research (PAR) is used in public health to better understand complex health and social issues and to find appropriate solutions. In addition, the participation of marginalized people in PAR has proven to be highly relevant in gaining access to their experiential knowledge about the issues at stake. In turn, PAR allows their voices to be heard and empowers them to act to improve their situation as well as the interventions that affect them. The participation of people who use drugs, who are particularly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, has become an international imperative for an ethical and effective response to the epidemic. However, few studies have dealt with their ownership of the participation process. Moreover, given the numerous meanings of PAR, the diversity of its epistemic orientations and methodologies, including artistic techniques, as well as the extent of participation from one study to another, it is difficult to assess its real potential. As a result, many doubt its credibility and the scientific value of the knowledge it produces. This thesis was therefore conducted to examine how the appropriation of the participation process in a PAR with people who use drugs can contribute to the construction and mobilization of valid knowledge. In the context of the fight against sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, this doctoral project was linked to a PAR developed through a partnership between community organizations, academics as well as public health institutions, in Montreal and Quebec City. In 2011 and 2012, the doctoral student worked as a research assistant for the committee conducting this PAR composed of six people who use drugs and a community organizer from the Point de Repères grass roots organization in Quebec City. Using a creative artistic approach, the committee collected verbal and visual data with the objective of making visible the community actions of Point de Repères as well as the social action of participants in the organization's activities. A longitudinal qualitative study on the appropriation of the participation process by the members of this committee was thus realized. The particularity of this thesis was to position the student-researcher as a participant in her own research, therefore as a part of her object of study. The objectives of the thesis were to examine the committee’s ownership of the partnership intentions and strategies; to identify its achievements; to document the reflective feedback of its members; and to establish the progression of the process. An interactional analysis was carried out on a series of audio recordings of the committee meetings as well on individual interviews held at the end of the PAR with the six persons who used drugs. A conceptual framework was developed for the analysis, using mainly the Rubicon Model of action phases (Achtzeger et Gollwitzer, 2008). This study reveals that the committee has authentically embraced this space for discussion, reflection, decision and action. Even without having full decision-making power, its members were actively involved in developing the PAR methodology, building knowledge and preparing for mobilization. Thanks to the trust established over a long period of time between Point de Repères, the Quebec City researchers and people who use drugs, the committee was able to apply several methodological criteria of qualitative research and others more specific to PAR. The committee has thus built knowledge that is valid from a scientific, relational and personal point of view. As a contribution to the advancement of knowledge, this thesis describes in detail the dynamics and processes of the participatory dimension of a specific PAR: partnership and transformational dynamics, group dynamics, knowledge construction and mobilization processes, creation processes and reflexivity processes. By showing the value and richness of the knowledge of people who use drugs, it contributes to increase the credibility of PAR. Finally, it allows to deconstruct certain prejudices against the people who use drugs according to which they would be unable to comply with the requirements of a PAR.
Boivin, Jérôme. "« État protecteur - État promoteur » La campagne antivénérienne dans le Québec de l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25240/25240.pdf.
Full textGrantham, Émilie. "Évaluation de l'implantation d'une trousse d'activités sur la santé sexuelle dans les communautés autochtones du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27633/27633.pdf.
Full textDjossa, Adoun Medetongnon Alfred Serge. "Les technologies de l'information et de la télécommunication (TIC) pour la promotion de la santé sexuelle et reproductive (SSR) au sein des jeunes des Premières Nations du Québec : faisabilité et pistes d'intervention." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26815.
Full textThe distribution of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV / AIDS prevalence in Canada presents large inequalities between different socio-cultural groups. Aboriginal people are, among the population, which pay the heaviest price. The First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Services Commission (FNQLHSSC) has identified sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, as a priority health issue. The Aboriginal Strategy on HIV / AIDS estimates that to be effective, interventions to prevent HIV / AIDS must target various groups, among which Aboriginal youth is a particular target. In this sense, the familiarity of the younger generation with technology positions especially the use of information and communications technology (ICT) as a highly promising avenue for HIV / AIDS prevention among adolescents and young adults. We conducted a knowledge synthesis in this innovative field following the methodology suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration to highlight the effectiveness and the adoption factors of interventions using ICT for the prevention of STIs/HIV/AIDS and for the promotion of sexual and reproductive health among adolescents and young adults. The results of this systematic review were used to develop and conduct, in partnership with the FNQLHSSC, a research project aiming at studying the feasibility of interventions using information and communication technologies (ICT) to promote sexual health among adolescents and young adults of Quebec First Nations (FN) communities. As a complement to this feasibility evaluation, a study was conducted in order to formulate exhaustive recommendations for the development of evidence-based interventions that also take into account the characteristics of the target population. This study aimed to identify the factors underlying condom use among 13-18 year olds from FN communities of Quebec. We discussed in this thesis the results of those studies, as well as various issues of our research partnership with the FN stakeholders who participated in our project. The practical implications of our results, in terms of research and intervention, are to be discussed with our main partner, the FNQLHSSC, in order to maximize benefits for the populations of PN.
Jean, Charles Vladimir. "Profils identitaires et prises de position sur la sexualité d'adolescent(e)s pentecôtistes et catholiques pratiquant(e)s de Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : analyse d'un champ représentationnel en fonction des modes d'insertion sociale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29581/29581.pdf.
Full textIn the present context of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) such as HIV/AIDS and blood-borne viruses- STI/HIV/BBV) in Haiti, to understand how young Christians are seizing recommendations promoted by the media, 96 teenagers aged 16 to 19 who defined themselves as devout believers (48 Catholic and 48 Pentecostal, 24 boys and 24 girls in each group) were recruited in five schools of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Specifically, this study was designed to examine the representational field of sexuality of those teenagers according to their religious allegiance, socio-economic status, gender, age. This study aimed to examine the place of the identity profile in this representational field, to analyse the strategies used to deal with the sometimes opposing messages on prevention coming from medical experts and ecclesial leaders as well as the role of significant others in this dynamic. A multi-method approach was used, combining an identify profile measure of the participants ; an association test (with four inductor words) to explore the representational field of sexuality; and semi-structured interviews (n = 11) using problematic issues to attain a deeper comprehension. Globally, the analysis of the answers obtained reveals that a majority of participants are in a first stage of transition in their identity development characterized by a tendency to act according to environmental influences. The results also show differences in the anchoring dynamics of sexuality at various levels. Teenagers from underprivileged backgrounds tend to focus on concrete elements to adress sexuality (e.g., genital organs, syphilis, the symptoms of AIDS: fever, diarrhoea) while teenagers from privileged backgrounds focus more on emotional and symbolic elements (e.g., honor, mutual confidence, stigmatization). On the issues of abstinence and virginity, the boys’ views are more liberal, assigning value to sexual experience, while girls are more or less reserved concerning virginity and tend to emphasize its market value. Religious allegiance (Catholic vs Pentecostal) points out a consensual vision of sexuality, except again for issues on virginity. As for the age variable, due to its restricted range, it does not play a determining role in our results. The analysis of the representational field according to the identity profile reached by the majority of the participants reveals a greater interest for the exploration of sexuality than for commitment to ethical principles, all this expressed through pragmatic strategies and a « logic of immediacy ». Some rare participants at a more elaborated level of development show a more integrated vision of sexuality, based on a system of values solidly grounded. On the whole, identities strategies seem to vary according to contextual issues, level of identity development and, indirectly, openness of significant others to discussion with the adolescent.
Cazanave, Charles. "Analyse du polymorphisme associé aux répétitions en tandem pour le typage de deux espèces de mycoplasmes pathogènes chez l’homme : mycoplasma genitalium et Mycoplasma pneumoniae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21725/document.
Full textHuman pathogenic mycoplasmas include respiratory tract species, such as M. pneumoniae and urogenital species, such as M. genitalium. M. genitalium is an emerging agent for which epidemiology is unclear. It is involved in sexually transmitted infections, mainly urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. M. pneumoniae is responsible for acute respiratory infections especially in children. M. genitalium is a fastidious species for which culture remains extremely difficult. In order to extend our collection of samples positive for M. genitalium, a clinical research study (FeminIST) was conducted. It consisted in a PCR screening for M. genitalium in the urogenital tract of HIV-infected women of the Aquitaine cohort. Genotyping methods have been widely applied to Mollicutes, but few simple and automatized methods have been developed for M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae. The MLVA (Multi-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats Analysis) method analyzes the genome polymorphism associated with tandem repeats. Its advantages are a high discriminatory power and the possibility of being used directly from clinical samples. This technique was applied to M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae and compared with other available genotyping methods. Six and five VNTR were selected for M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae, respectively. The use of multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis enabled a high-throughput analysis and allowed an easy interpretation of the results. The method was applied to our collection of 265 M. pneumoniae clinical strains and used directly from 123 clinical samples positive for M. genitalium. 89.4% of M. genitalium PCR-positive samples and all the M. pneumoniae isolates were amplified and typed. We showed a higher discriminatory power for our MLVA than for other genotyping methods, without the need of a fastidious sequencing step. The hierarchical representation of results confirms the M. genitalium species heterogeneity and the M. pneumoniae species homogeneity. MLVA appears to be a good tool for molecular typing of these two mycoplasma species, allowing an easy exchange of data between laboratories
Lompo, Miaba Louise. "Le comportement de recherche d’information en santé sexuelle et reproductive via Internet chez les adolescent-e-s de 15 à 19 ans au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70307.
Full textThis thesis investigates the determinants of online information seeking about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adolescents aged 15-19 years in Burkina Faso by focusing on two health issues: unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs). Theoretically, the study is built on an integrative framework. This model combines variables from the planned behaviour theory, the interpersonal behaviour theory and the risk information search and processing model. It is used to explain the intention to seek information on unwanted pregnancy and STBBIs via the online among these adolescents. The study began with an initial methodological phase that enabled us to (i) identify adolescents' modal salient beliefs (ii) evaluate the questionnaires' comprehensibility and (iii) check its psychometric qualities. The final questionnaires were created based on adjustments made during this first phase. The second phase, which is the main study, collected information on factors affecting adolescents' online information seeking on unwanted pregnancies and STBBIs. A total of 730 adolescents were surveyed, 363 completing the questionnaire on unwanted pregnancy and 367 completing the one on STBBIs. To identify the determinants of adolescents' intention to seek online information on unwanted pregnancies and STBBIs, several multivariate logistic analysis models were estimated, stratifying by sex and by the SRH issue (unwanted pregnancies and STBBIs). The results from these estimations suggest that the determinants of the intention to seek SRH information online differ by sex and by SRH issue. Regarding the intention to seek information on unwanted pregnancies online, the explained variance of the final model is 38% for boys and 37.90% for girls. For boys, the main determinants of intention to seek information about unwanted pregnancies online are cognitive attitude (OR = 4.6; CI95%: 1.70 - 12.21), past behaviour (OR = 5.5; CI95%: 1.93 - 15.85) and subjective norm (OR = 3.2; CI95%: 1.34 - 7.43). For girls, cognitive attitude (OR = 23.3; 95% CI: 2.40 - 32.68) appears to be the main determinant of intention. Regarding the intention to seek information on STBBIs online, the explained variance of the final model is 40.17% for boys and 33.28% for girls. For boys, the main determinants of the intention to seek information on STBBIs online were cognitive attitude (OR = 6.8; CI95%: 2.13 - 21.46), affective attitude (OR = 3.6; CI95%: 1.42 - 9.14) and past behaviour (OR = 3.3; CI95%: 1.19 - 9.10). For girls, only statistical relationships were observed in the predictive models of intention to seek information about STBBIs online. In light of these results, communication strategies in Burkina Faso aiming to enhance adolescents' online information seeking about SRH should be adjusted to incorporate these determinants. While the results of this thesis support possible actions in health communication, improving adolescent SRH in Burkina Faso will require a more comprehensive and global public health approach
Harijaona, Vololontsoa. "Prévalence et facteurs de risques des infections sexuellement transmises chez des prostituées malgaches." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15270.
Full textBitera, Raphaël. "Effet d'une intervention sur la qualité de la prise en charge des infections sexuellement transmissibles en Afique de l'Ouest /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765290141&sid=17&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAho, Joséphine. "Prévention du VIH chez les femmes travailleuses du sexe de Conakry, République de Guinée : conseil dépistage volontaire, comportements à risque et infections sexuellement transmissibles." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5276.
Full textBackground: Female sex workers (FSW) constitute the population most at risk for HIV infection in many countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Several interventions have been implemented in this population to reduce the risk of infection. These interventions include the promotion of condom use and the screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, some components are poorly represented among the interventions offered to FSW. Voluntary counselling and testing could be a useful intervention of primary and secondary prevention for this population but the acceptability of this intervention by FSW is little-known. In addition, in terms of surveillance of the epidemics, the evaluation of the validity of self-reported condom use is important as this indicator is frequently used in population surveys. More information is also needed about the importance of the desire for children in using inconsistently condoms with the main non-paying regular partner. Finally, the prevalence of STIs such as HPV-16 and the combined impact of sociodemographic, behavioural and preventive factors on HIV/STIs infection in this population need to be assessed. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are 1) to measure the acceptability and the consequences of voluntary HIV counselling and testing among FSW in Conakry, Guinea; 2) to assess the validity of self-report condom use in this population through a biological indicator of semen, the prostate specific antigen (PSA); 3) to measure condom use with clients and non-client partners of FSW and to study the importance of the desire for children in inconsistent condom use with the main regular non-client partner and 4) to measure the prevalence of STIs and HIV and the socio-demographic, behavioural and preventive factors related to these infection outcomes. Methodology: We conducted a longitudinal study in the city of Conakry, Guinea among 421 FSW recruited in three health centers adapted for FSW. A longitudinal mixed design allowed for quantitative and qualitative data collections at baseline and one year later. Biological screening tests for STIs and HIV were performed. Results: The first article presented in this thesis showed that the acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing is high among FSW. The acceptance rate of testing, the return rate for results and disclosure of HIV status were close to 100%. This acceptability seemed to be the result of a high risk perception of HIV infection and of social pressure on FSW by the sex work stakeholders to undergo testing and to disclose their serostatus. Negatives consequences to VCT were rare. The second paper showed that self-reported recent condom use had a very low sensitivity when compared to the gold standard. Thus, most women in whom the PSA was found did not report any recent unprotected intercourse. The discrepancy between self-reported recent condom use and the presence of PSA was associated with a perceived high risk of HIV infection. The third section showed that while condom use was very common with clients, it was much less with non-client regular partners. The desire for pregnancy among SW contributed significantly to inconsistent condom use with this type of sexual partner. Socio-demographic characteristics, behavioural factors and co-infection with other STIs were associated with the presence of STIs and HIV, which were common despite all the interventions that were conducted in this population. Conclusion: In conclusion, HIV prevention among FSW is a challenge requiring the development of integrated strategies that take into account the commercial context in which these interventions are implemented but also FSW’s childbearing aspirations.
Lavoie, Carol-Ann. "Croyances associées à la participation à une activité de dépistage des infections transmissibles sexuellement et par le sang chez des élèves de secondaire 4 et 5." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9557/1/eprint9557.pdf.
Full textPereira, Rosa Helena Furtado. "Intervenção comunitária em saúde: um estudo de caso da ONGD Médicos do Mundo." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/10055.
Full textLes actions d'Information, Éducation et Communication (IEC) pour changer les comportements à risque face à des problèmes de santé, grâce à des stratégies d'interventions communautaires participatives ont été l'un des plus grands paris dans la Communication en Santé. Ces actions ont été cruciales pour des résultats effectifs et les impacts positifs sur les interventions de l'Éducation sanitaire. Les activités de l’IEC visent à: informer, éduquer et communiquer aux publics cibles, notamment les jeunes, à travers des matériaux et des activités qui répondent à leurs besoins, leurs attentes et les difficultés. La compréhension et la connaissance des comportements, attitudes et pratiques des publics cibles de cette action est possible à travers la théorie Behave Framework3 qui permet d'effectuer une évaluation multidisciplinaire, de sorte que les messages soient attrayants, attractifs et produisent des résultats effectifs et efficaces, pour atteindre les objectifs énoncés dans l’action pour la de L’IEC. Cette recherche est l’étude de cas d'une intervention de santé communautaire de l'ONG Médecins du Monde, en cours depuis 2008 à ce jour, dans la zone Quinta da Fonte, dans la paroisse de l’Apelação, municipalité de Loures. L'éducation sanitaire est une composante de l'intervention communautaire de MdM que la coordination du projet estime être une bonne pratique. Le projet est intitulé «La santé dans not’ bled» (traduction aproximative), en langue portugaise un terme créole qui signifie “La santé dans notre quartier”, dont le but est de prévenir et combattre le VIH / sida dans certains quartiers sociaux et multiraciaux dans la région métropolitaine de Lisbonne. L'objectif de cette recherche est de collecter la perception des jeunes bénéficiaires du projet (Africains et Luso-Africains, âgés entre 14 et 30 ans) sur les actions de la IEC au sein des stratégies de l’Education Santé, projet en cours pour la prévention des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST). Les informations ont été recueillies selon une méthodologie qualitative, à travers d’entretiens exploratoires, d’observation directe et de la réalisation d’une session de groupe en août. Les données ont été traitées par la technique de l'analyse de documents et de contenu, et nous avons eu recours au programme informatique Excel pour le traitement quantitatif. Ce travail empririque et l’analyse des données recueillies nous permets de conclure : Les jeunes visés dans l'étude ont une perception positive des actions de la IEC; ils considérent qu'il est important que les messages soient convaincants et que les actions soient dynamiques, ils savent que les actions de la IEC existent, reconnaissent l'importance de ces mesures pour la prévention des IST. Cependant, peu ont participé aux actions de l'éducation santé effectuées dans le quartier, et surtout les actions menées par MdM, rendant difficile leur mobilisation. Selon les coordinateurs du projet Santé dans not’ bled, la participation des jeunes est plus importante lorsque les opérations sont effectuées en partenariat avec les autorités locales, et ce car il ya des partenaires qui ont un contact direct avec les jeunes, tels que les groupes existants dans quartier, qui dynamisent de manière autonome les activités ludiques et récréatives, ce qui peut être un moyen efficace pour encadrer les actions de la IEC. Certains jeunes révèlent un manque de connaissances sur les IST et le VIH / SIDA, y compris les moyens de contagion, ce qui rend les actions d’éclaicissement très importantes. Afin d'encourager la participation des jeunes dans les activités de l’IEC et de transmettre les meilleures pratiques en ce qui concerne les comportements et les attitudes appropriées pour la prévention des IST, il est important de trouver des moyens et des matériaux qui sont attrayants et faciles à assimiler. Le fait qu'il n’y ait pas d’activité de l’IEC spécifique pour les jeunes, se doit au fait que les stratégies d'intervention soient dirigées à la population du quartier en général. Le projet gagne néanmoins du terrain et, au fil du temps, certaines actions et méthodologies existantes s’adaptent en fonction des besoins de la population..