Journal articles: 'Infection control procedures'

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Fein, Steven I. "Infection control procedures." Journal of the American Dental Association 117, no. 7 (December 1988): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1988.0143.

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Carter, Y. "Manual of infection control procedures." Journal of Hospital Infection 55, no. 2 (October 2003): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00265-2.

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Walsh, Barry. "Control of Infection in Acupuncture." Acupuncture in Medicine 19, no. 2 (December 2001): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.19.2.109.

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This paper is an update on infections, and potential infections, related to acupuncture, and a brief review of the relevant infection control procedures. There is no evidence at present to suggest that significant numbers of infections are being transmitted through standard acupuncture treatments in the UK. None the less, good infection control is essential. Like any other science, new research forces infection control to evolve and refine its procedures. Acupuncturists need to constantly review their standards as new viruses and risks are identified.

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Christensen, Relia P. "MAINTAINING INFECTION CONTROL DURING RESTORATIVE PROCEDURES." Dental Clinics of North America 37, no. 3 (July 1993): 301–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(22)00255-5.

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Bolton, Gill. "Cross-infection control procedures in radiography." Dental Nursing 2, no. 9 (November 2006): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2006.2.9.29910.

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Brachman, M., C. O. Williams, and M. Larweck. "Infection control in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures." American Journal of Infection Control 19, no. 2 (April 1991): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(91)90063-i.

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Czyrko, Chris. "Effective infection control procedures: ultrasonic cleaners." Dental Nursing 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2015): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2015.11.8.469.

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Mollier, Josephine, Neeral R. Patel, Alison Amoah, Mohamad Hamady, and Stephen D. Quinn. "Clinical, Imaging and Procedural Risk Factors for Intrauterine Infective Complications After Uterine Fibroid Embolisation: A Retrospective Case Control Study." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 43, no. 12 (August 26, 2020): 1910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02622-2.

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Abstract Introduction This was a retrospective case–control study at a single tertiary centre investigating all UFE procedures between January 2013 and December 2018 for symptomatic fibroids. The aim was to determine the clinical, imaging and procedural risk factors which impact upon the risk of post-uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE) intrauterine infection. Cases were patients which developed intrauterine infection post-procedure, and controls were the background UFE population without infection. Methods Clinical demographics, presenting symptoms, uterine and fibroid characteristics on imaging and procedural variants were analysed. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The main outcome measures were presence of infection and requirement of emergency hysterectomy. Results 333 technically successful UFE procedures were performed in 330 patients. Infection occurred after 25 procedures (7.5%). 3 of these patients progressed to overwhelming sepsis and required emergency hysterectomy. Clinical obesity (BMI > 30) (OR 1.53 [1.18–1.99]) and uterine volume > 1000cm3 (2.94 [1.15–7.54]) were found to increase the risk of infection Conclusions UFE is generally safe in patients with symptomatic fibroids. Obese patients (BMI > 30) and those with large volume uteri (> 1000cm3) are at slight increased risk of developing infection and require appropriate pre-procedural counselling, as well as careful post-UFE follow-up. BMI and uterine volume may be useful to assess before the procedure to help to determine post-UFE infection risk.

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Nurmohamed, F. Ruben H. A., Bruce van Dijk, Ewout S. Veltman, Marrit Hoekstra, Rob J. Rentenaar, Harrie H. Weinans, H. Charles Vogely, and Bart C. H. van der Wal. "One-year infection control rates of a DAIR (debridement, antibiotics and implant retention) procedure after primary and prosthetic-joint-infection-related revision arthroplasty – a retrospective cohort study." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 6, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jbji-6-91-2021.

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Abstract. Introduction: Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) procedures are effective treatments for acute postoperative or acute hematogenous periprosthetic joint infections. However, literature reporting on the effectiveness of DAIR procedures performed after a one- or two-stage revision because of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (PJI-related revision arthroplasty) is scarce. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the infection control after 1 year of a DAIR procedure in the case of an early postoperative infection either after primary arthroplasty or after PJI-related revision arthroplasty. Materials and methods: All patients treated with a DAIR procedure within 3 months after onset of PJI between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively included. Data were collected on patient and infection characteristics. All infections were confirmed by applying the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) 2014 criteria. The primary outcome was successful control of infection at 1 year after a DAIR procedure, which was defined as the absence of clinical signs, such as pain, swelling, and erythema; radiological signs, such as protheses loosening; or laboratory signs, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) (<10) with no use of antibiotic therapy. Results: Sixty-seven patients were treated with a DAIR procedure (41 hips and 26 knees). Successful infection control rates of a DAIR procedure after primary arthroplasty (n=51) and after prior PJI-related revision arthroplasty (n=16) were 69 % and 56 %, respectively (p=0.38). The successful infection control rates of a DAIR procedure after an early acute infection (n=35) and after a hematogenous infection (n=16) following primary arthroplasty were both 69 % (p=1.00). Conclusion: In this limited study population, no statistically significant difference is found in infection control after 1 year between DAIR procedures after primary arthroplasty and PJI-related revision arthroplasty.

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Herstein, Jocelyn J., Paul D. Biddinger, Shawn G. Gibbs, Aurora B. Le, Katelyn C. Jelden, Angela L. Hewlett, and John J. Lowe. "High-Level Isolation Unit Infection Control Procedures." Health Security 15, no. 5 (October 2017): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hs.2017.0026.

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Spencer, R. C. "Manual of infection control procedures, 2nd edition." Journal of Hospital Infection 64, no. 2 (October 2006): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2006.05.004.

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SHULMAN, ELLIOT R., and WALTER T. BREHM. "Dental clinical attire and infection-control procedures." Journal of the American Dental Association 132, no. 4 (April 2001): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0214.

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Bartzokas, C. A., and P. D. Slade. "Motivation to comply with infection control procedures." Journal of Hospital Infection 18 (June 1991): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(91)90064-f.

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Weinstein, Steven A., Helen Rosen Kotilainen, and Nelson M. Gantz. "Nursing assessment program in infection control procedures." American Journal of Infection Control 15, no. 6 (December 1987): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(87)90117-9.

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Trott, Alexander. "Infection control procedures for prehospital care providers." Journal of Emergency Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(88)90275-2.

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Homing, Linda A., and Philip W. Smith. "Infection Control Violations." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 11 (November 1991): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646264.

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The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations UCAHO) mandates a hospital-wide infection control program.' National, state, and local healthcare guidelines and resources address infection control issues including asepsis, handwashing, isolation precautions, Universal Precautions (UP), and waste disposal. One important aspect of an infection control program is the monitoring of compliance with policies and procedures. We report a system of monitoring compliance with infection control policies and procedures through the use of confidential infection control violation reports.Bishop Clarkson Memorial Hospital is a 550-bed tertiary care center that has an epidemiology services department consisting of a medical director, associate medical director, and two nurse epidemiologists. Hospital personnel have been encouraged through formal and informal educational sessions to report infection control violations to the service. Prior to 1986, infection control violations usually were noted through special studies such as isolation precautions monitors and surveillance activities. Occasionally, employees told Epidemiology Services about a witnessed violation but were very hesitant to document the incident because of fear of retaliation, harassment, and job loss. Peer pressure appeared to play a role in this hesitation.

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Nixon, Jenny. "Shout about infection control." Dental Nursing 17, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2021.17.7.328.

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Bari, Yashfika Abdul, Syeda Maliha Waqar, Saqif Nasir, Kamil Zafar, Nabeel Naeem Baig, Farhana Nazir Shoro, and Khadijah Abid. "Infection Control Measures in Pakistani Dental Practices During COVID-19 Outbreak." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 03 (September 7, 2021): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.303.152.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess infection control measures in dental practices during COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional web based survey conducted during COVID-19 outbreak from the period of June 2020 to August 2020. The study participants were the dental surgeons who were either working in hospital setup or running their own private practice or working in private dental setup. The survey consisted of sets of questions to assess whether dental practitioners have implemented strategies to combat novel corona virus infection in their practice. It also consists of questions that assess aerosol generating procedures are commencing with or without out any COVID-19 symptoms. RESULTS: About 39.1% participants reported that 75% of the number of patients in their clinic had been reduced and 52.2% of the participants reported that >50% of the patients came for endodontic procedures with pain. Eighty one percent of the participants were maintaining hand hygiene before touching all patients, 71.7% before any cleaning, 78.3% before any aseptic procedure, 81% after exposure to patient’s fluid and 80.4% after touching. There was low compliance regarding the use of personal protective equipment and almost 62.6% were using eye wear for all patients, 58.7% were disinfecting whole clinical room before new patient and 43.9% were using single use (disposable) examination set during COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSION: Majority of dentist in Pakistan were following the recommendations and guidelines of infection control practices related to COVID-19 pandemic. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, coronavirus, infection control measures, practices, dentistry

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Woo, John, Robert Anderson, Bryan Maguire, and Barbara Gerbert. "Compliance with infection control procedures among California orthodontists." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 102, no. 1 (July 1992): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(92)70016-4.

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Haworth, Jennifer, Jonathan Sandy, and Anthony J. Ireland. "Infection control: current status. risks, research, rules and recycling." Orthodontic Update 14, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ortu.2021.14.2.59.

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We are living through a period of immense change following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China in December 2019. Even before the pandemic, the cost of managing healthcare-associated infections in the UK was considerable. The risk of acquiring any infection from the dental environment must be reduced to a minimum. As we have observed in recent years, new infectious agents emerge frequently, and the dental profession must be ready to respond appropriately and quickly. Orthodontic practice presents unique challenges in relation to infection control procedures. The impact of healthcare waste on the environment must also be considered. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper describes the range of infectious agents posing a risk to dental team members and patients. The aim is to place the recent coronavirus pandemic in the context of other recent emerging infections. Some of the latest research regarding infection control procedures is reviewed. Current best practice is described.

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Vijayan, Anitha, and John M. Boyce. "100% Use of Infection Control Procedures in Hemodialysis Facilities." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 13, no. 4 (March 22, 2018): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.11341017.

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Nash, Kent D. "How Infection Control Procedures are Affecting Dental Practice Today." Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 3 (March 1992): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0076.

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Erickson, Amy K. "Pharmacists critical to managing antimicrobials, developing infection control procedures." Pharmacy Today 20, no. 12 (December 2014): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-0991(15)30600-9.

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Yassi, Annalee, Karen Lockhart, Ray Copes, Mickey Kerr, Marc Corbière, Elizabeth Bryce, Dave Keen, et al. "Determinants of Healthcare Workers' Compliance with Infection Control Procedures." Healthcare Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2007): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2007.18648.

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Al-Dwairi, Ziad Nawaf. "Infection Control Procedures in Commercial Dental Laboratories in Jordan." Journal of Dental Education 71, no. 9 (September 2007): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2007.71.9.tb04388.x.

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Mellinghoff, Sibylle, Caroline Bruns, Markus Albertrsmeier, Matteo Bassetti, Juan P. Horcajada, J. Janne Vehreschild, Blasius J. Liss, and Oliver Cornely. "1236. Staphylococcus aureus Surgical Site Infection: Epidemiology in Europe (SALT)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S445—S446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1099.

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Abstract Background We conduct a retrospective, multinational cohort study with a nested case–control (NCT03353532). Data from all patients undergoing any surgical procedure in 2016 are collected within the cohort, comprising more than 150,000 procedures. S. aureus SSI cases are documented in an electronic database and matched 1:1 to controls within each center. Criteria for matching include epidemiological data and type of procedure. Participating sites are 14 major surgical centers in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. We here present preliminary data from the interim analysis. Methods We conduct a retrospective, multinational cohort study with a nested case–control (NCT03353532). Data from all patients undergoing any surgical procedure in 2016 are collected within the cohort, comprising more than 150,000 procedures. S. aureus SSI cases are documented in an electronic database and matched 1:1 to controls within each center. Criteria for matching include epidemiological data and type of procedure. Participating sites are 14 major surgical centers in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. We here present preliminary data from the interim analysis. Results We determine overall and procedure-specific incidence of S. aureus SSI. To date, 619 cases have been documented with a mean age of 59.0 years, 50,7% male and 49.3% female. Chronic cardiovascular disease (23%), diabetes (22%), and solid tumors (18%) are the most frequent comorbidities. Overall length of hospitalization is 19 days. A total of 20% SSI cases were treated at the intensive care unit, 49% were readmitted to the hospital, and 47% patients needed revision surgery. Conclusion The study includes all surgical procedures at participating centers allowing us to determine the incidence for all common surgical procedures aiming to better understand the risk of certain procedures. Furthermore, the study will analyze the risk composition of the surgical patient population to enable the calculation of the number of patients at risk in the overall surgical population in Europe. Predictive factors for S. aureus SSIwill be analyzed and thus allow future investigation into targeted prophylactic strategies such as S. aureus vaccines. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Lee, Ryan P., Garrett T. Venable, Brandy N. Vaughn, Jock C. Lillard, Chesney S. Oravec, and Paul Klimo. "The Impact of a Pediatric Shunt Surgery Checklist on Infection Rate at a Single Institution." Neurosurgery 83, no. 3 (October 18, 2017): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx478.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Shunt infections remain a significant challenge in pediatric neurosurgery. Numerous surgical checklists have been introduced to reduce infection rates. OBJECTIVE To introduce an evidence-based shunt surgery checklist and its impact on our shunt infection rate. METHODS Between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2015, pediatric patients who underwent shunt surgery at our institution were indexed in a prospectively maintained database. All definitive shunt procedures were included. Shunt infection was defined according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Hospital Safety Network surveillance definition for surgical site infection. Clinical and procedural variables were abstracted per procedure. Infection data were compared for the 4 year before and 4 year after protocol implementation. Compliance was calculated from retrospective review of our checklists. RESULTS Over the 8-year study period, 1813 procedures met inclusion criteria with a total of 37 shunt infections (2%). Prechecklist (2008-2011) infection rate was 3.03% (28/924) and decreased to 1.01% (9/889; P = .003) postchecklist (2012-2015), representing an absolute risk reduction of 2.02% and relative risk reduction of 66.6%. One shunt infection was prevented for every 50 times the checklist was used. Those patients who developed an infection after protocol implementation were younger (0.95 years vs 3.40 years (P = .027)), but there were no other clinical or procedural variables, including time to infection, that were significantly different between the cohorts. Average compliance rate among required checklist components was 97% (range 85%-100%). CONCLUSION Shunt surgery checklist implementation correlated with lower infection rates that persisted in the 4 years after implementation.

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Sundermann, Alexander J., Ahmed Babiker, Jane W. Marsh, Kathleen A. Shutt, Mustapha M. Mustapha, Anthony W. Pasculle, Chinelo Ezeonwuka, et al. "Outbreak of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Interventional Radiology: Detection Through Whole-genome Sequencing-based Surveillance." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 11 (July 16, 2019): 2336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz666.

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Abstract Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. The risk of infection from interventional radiology (IR) procedures is not well documented. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) surveillance of clinical bacterial isolates among hospitalized patients can identify previously unrecognized outbreaks. Methods We analyzed WGS surveillance data from November 2016 to November 2017 for evidence of VRE transmission. A previously unrecognized cluster of 10 genetically related VRE (Enterococcus faecium) infections was discovered. Electronic health record review identified IR procedures as a potential source. An outbreak investigation was conducted. Results Of the 10 outbreak patients, 9 had undergone an IR procedure with intravenous (IV) contrast ≤22 days before infection. In a matched case-control study, preceding IR procedure and IR procedure with contrast were associated with VRE infection (matched odds ratio [MOR], 16.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01 to 138.73; P = .009 and MOR, 39.35; 95% CI, 7.85 to infinity; P < .001, respectively). Investigation of IR practices and review of the manufacturer’s training video revealed sterility breaches in contrast preparation. Our investigation also supported possible transmission from an IR technician. Infection prevention interventions were implemented, and no further IR-associated VRE transmissions have been observed. Conclusions A prolonged outbreak of VRE infections related to IR procedures with IV contrast resulted from nonsterile preparation of injectable contrast. The fact that our VRE outbreak was discovered through WGS surveillance and the manufacturer’s training video that demonstrated nonsterile technique raise the possibility that infections following invasive IR procedures may be more common than previously recognized.

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Hayashi, Toshiaki, Reizo Shirane, Takahiro Kato, and Teiji Tominaga. "Efficacy of intraoperative wound irrigation for preventing shunt infection." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 2, no. 1 (July 2008): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped/2008/2/7/025.

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Object Although a cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedure is one of the most frequently performed operations in pediatric neurosurgery, the infection rate due to the procedure is not low. The authors have hypothesized that the key to reducing surgical shunt infections is to reduce bacteria from the operating field and wound. This hypothesis has been tested in a prospective nonrandomized controlled study at the authors' department. Methods Beginning in August 2006, during shunt procedures the authors began routinely irrigating the operating field and wound with amikacin containing saline, using a jet of fluid from a syringe. Prior to this new routine no irrigation techniques were used, providing an adequate control group for comparing the effect of the irrigation technique. Data obtained in all patients undergoing shunt insertions or revisions for hydrocephalus performed between October 1, 2003, and November 30, 2007, were reviewed. Results A total of 101 shunt procedures were performed in 63 patients (34 females and 29 males) during the study period. The mean age of all patients was 48.2 ± 61.8 months. A total of 61 shunt procedures were performed before August 2006, and 40 were performed after August 2006. There was no statistical difference between the ages of patients in the 2 groups (p = 0.64). Eight total infections occurred during the 90 days of the postoperative period (7.9% overall infection rate). All 8 infections occurred before implementation of the irrigation technique (13.1% infection rate), but no infections were noted after beginning use of the irrigation procedure (0% infection rate). There was a statistically significant difference in the infection rate between the 2 groups (p = 0.021). Conclusions Use of an irrigation strategy aimed at reducing bacteria from the operating field and wound can be considered an effective procedure for preventing shunt infection.

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Rozzelle, Curtis J., Jody Leonardo, and Veetai Li. "Antimicrobial suture wound closure for cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 2, no. 2 (August 2008): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped/2008/2/8/111.

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Object Implantation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting devices is associated with a 5–15% risk of infection as cited in contemporary pediatric neurosurgical literature. Shunt infections typically require complete removal of the device and prolonged antibiotic treatment followed by shunt replacement. Moreover, shunt infections are commonly associated with prolonged hospital stays, potential comorbidity, and the increased risk of neurological compromise due to ventriculitis or surgical complications. The authors prospectively evaluated the incidence of CSF shunt infection following shunt procedures performed using either antimicrobial suture (AMS) or conventional suture. Methods In a single-center, prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, the authors enrolled 61 patients, among whom 84 CSF shunt procedures were performed over 21 months. Randomization to the study (AMS) or control (placebo) group was stratified to minimize the effect of known shunt infection risk factors on the findings. Antibacterial shunt components were not used. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of shunt infection within 6 months of surgery. Results The shunt infection rate in the study group was 2 (4.3%) of 46 procedures and 8 (21%) of 38 procedures in the control group (p = 0.038). There were no statistically significant differences in shunt infection risk factors between the groups (procedure type and time, age < 6 months, weight < 4 kg, recent history of shunt infection). No suture-related adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusions These results support the suggestion that the use of AMS for CSF shunt surgery wound closure is safe, effective, and may be associated with a reduced risk of postoperative shunt infection. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm this association.

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Harris, Jo-Ann S. "Infection Control in Pediatric Extended Care Facilities." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 6 (June 2006): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504937.

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Pediatric extended care facilities provide for the biopsychosocial needs of patients younger than 21 years of age who have sustained self-care deficits. These facilities include long-term and residential care facilities, chronic disease and specialty hospitals, and residential schools. Infection control policies and procedures developed for adult long-term care facilities, primarily nursing homes for elderly people, are not applicable to long-term care facilities that serve pediatric patients. This article reviews the characteristics of pediatric extended care facilities and their residents, and the epidemic and endemic nosocomial infections, infection control programs, and antimicrobial resistance profiles found in pediatric extended care facilities.

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Abbas, Beenish, Sana Abbas, Iqra Saleem, Summiya Asghar, Faiza Gulfam, and Muhammad Umair. "Risk Stratification Tool to Develop Framework for Infection Control in Spectrum of Dental Procedures during COVID-19 Pandemic." European Journal of Dental and Oral Health 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdent.2022.3.2.184.

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Objective: To develop a framework for infection control in the spectrum of dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study was conducted from Oct to Dec 2021 after approval for ethical review board of Foundation university college of dentistry Ref no ( ). Patients undergoing various dental procedures were enrolled after written and verbal informed consent. Risk Stratification of each procedure was done applying novel risk assessment scoring system, according to the level of risk contact with saliva was given score 1, contact with blood scored as 2, production of aerosol (low level) through triple syringe was given score 3, high aerosol production by ultrasonic piezoelectric instruments was scored as 4. If the complete duration of the dental procedure was >60 min score assigned was 0.75, for procedures with 30 to 60 mins duration score specified was 0.50, if the duration of the procedure was less than 30 min score for that procedure was 0.25. For each patient total score of all these parameters was accumulated to grade risk of SARS -CoV-2 transmission as low (score <4), medium (score 4 to 6), or high (score >6) depending upon the accumulative score of each procedure. Results: Nine hundred and fifteen patients with a gender distribution of 163 (17.9%) males and 748 (82.1%) females with an age range < 18 – 45 years undergoing the dental procedure were enrolled. Out of 915, 436 (47.6%) procedures were found to be low risk, 38 (4.1%) moderate risk, and 437 (47.7%) high risk. Out of 174 maxillofacial procedures, only 18 (10.3%) were of high risk, similarly out of 113 orthodontics procedures, only 1 (0.9%) was of high risk and for 147 prosthodontic procedures, there were 55 (37.4%) high-risk procedures. On the other hand, for operative dentistry procedures (n=181), majority of 128 (70.7%) posed a high risk, among pediatrics procedures (n=92) there were 62 (67.4%) high-risk procedures and for periodontics (n=204) about 173 (84.8%) were of high-risk nature. Therefore, the majority of the high-risk procedures belonged to operative, pediatrics, and periodontics specialty as compared to other specialties (p<0.001). Conclusion: The majority of the high-risk dental procedures belonged to operative, pediatrics, and periodontics specialty as compared to other specialties.

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Rhee, Chanu, Meghan A. Baker, and Michael Klompas. "The COVID-19 infection control arms race." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, no. 11 (May 8, 2020): 1323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.211.

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AbstractUS hospitals are engaged in an infection control arms race. Hospitals, specialties, and professional groups are spurring one another on to adopt progressively more aggressive measures in response to COVID-19 that often exceed federal and international standards. Examples include universal masking of providers and patients; decreasing thresholds to test asymptomatic patients; using face shields and N95 respirators regardless of symptoms and test results; novel additions to the list of aerosol-generating procedures; and more comprehensive personal protective equipment including hair, shoe, and leg covers. Here, we review the factors underlying this arms race, including fears about personal safety, ongoing uncertainty around how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted, confusion about what constitutes an aerosol-generating procedure, increasing recognition of the importance of asymptomatic infection, and the limited accuracy of diagnostic tests. We consider the detrimental effects of a maximal infection control approach and the research studies that are needed to eventually de-escalate hospitals and to inform more evidence-based and measured strategies.

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Hutfless, Susan, Yasutoshi Shiratori, Daniel Chu, Simon Liu, and Anthony Kalloo. "Risk factors for infections after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): a retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare Fee-For-Service claims, 2015–2021." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e065077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065077.

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ObjectiveContaminated reprocessed duodenoscopes pose a serious threat to patients in the endoscopy unit. Despite manufacturer changes to reprocessing guidelines, 20% of reprocessed duodenoscopes meet criteria for quarantine-level contamination based on microbiological or ATP testing. We aimed to examine risk factors for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) infection.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingUS Medicare Fee-For-Service claims (2015–2021) and all-payer data (2017).ParticipantsIn the Medicare data, 823 575 ERCP procedures were included. The all-payer five-state data, 16 609 procedures were included.InterventionsERCP was identified by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Disease (ICD) procedure codes. We identified inpatient infections using ICD diagnosis codes.Outcome measuresA logistic regression model predicted risk factors for infections occurring within 7-day and 30-day periods following ERCP. 7-day and 30-day all-cause hospitalisations and post-ERCP pancreatitis were also examined.ResultsPost-ERCP infection occurred within 3.5% of 7-day and 7.7% of 30-day periods in Medicare. Disposable duodenoscopes were billed in 711 procedures, with 1.4% (n=10, 7-day) and 3.5% (n=25, 30-day) post-ERCP infections. Urgent ERCPs were the strongest risk factor for infections in the 7-day period (OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.2 to 3.4). Chronic conditions, sex (male), age (older) and race (non-white) were also risk factors. In the all-payer five-state data, fewer infections (2.4%, 7 days) were observed. No difference arose between Medicare and other payers for 7-day period infections (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).ConclusionsUrgent ERCPs, patient chronic conditions and patient demographics are post-ERCP infection risk factors. Patients with infection risk factors should be targeted for specialised infection control prevention measures, including disposable duodenoscopes.

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Garg, Rahul, Arghya Das, and Tuhina Banerjee. "Strictly Adhering to Infection Control Practices is the Key to Safe Surgical Procedures Amidst the COVID-19 Crisis." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.2.03.

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Olsen, Margaret A., Katelin B. Nickel, Anna E. Wallace, Daniel Mines, Victoria J. Fraser, and David K. Warren. "Stratification of Surgical Site Infection by Operative Factors and Comparison of Infection Rates after Hernia Repair." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36, no. 3 (December 22, 2014): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2014.44.

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether operative factors are associated with risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after hernia repair.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsCommercially insured enrollees aged 6 months-64 years with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedure or Current Procedural Terminology, fourth edition, codes for inguinal/femoral, umbilical, and incisional/ventral hernia repair procedures from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2010.MethodsSSIs within 90 days after hernia repair were identified by diagnosis codes. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to compare SSI incidence by operative factors.ResultsA total of 119,973 hernia repair procedures were analyzed. The incidence of SSI differed significantly by anatomic site, with rates of 0.45% (352/77,666) for inguinal/femoral, 1.16% (288/24,917) for umbilical, and 4.11% (715/17,390) for incisional/ventral hernia repair. Within anatomic sites, the incidence of SSI was significantly higher for open versus laparoscopic inguinal/femoral (0.48% [295/61,142] vs 0.34% [57/16,524], P=.020) and incisional/ventral (4.20% [701/16,699] vs 2.03% [14/691], P=.005) hernia repairs. The rate of SSI was higher following procedures with bowel obstruction/necrosis than procedures without obstruction/necrosis for open inguinal/femoral (0.89% [48/5,422] vs 0.44% [247/55,720], P<.001) and umbilical (1.57% [131/8,355] vs 0.95% [157/16,562], P<.001), but not incisional/ventral hernia repair (4.01% [224/5,585] vs 4.16% [491/11,805], P=.645).ConclusionsThe incidence of SSI was highest after open procedures, incisional/ventral repairs, and hernia repairs with bowel obstruction/necrosis. Stratification of hernia repair SSI rates by some operative factors may facilitate accurate comparison of SSI rates between facilities.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–7

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Bansal, Disha, and Gaurav Whorra. "Infection control in impression making procedures in the dental clinics." International Dental Journal of Student's Research 8, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.idjsr.2020.033.

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Hall, Bethany. "Infection control and skin disinfection prior to injectable aesthetic procedures." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 7, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2018.7.4.199.

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Scully, C., S. R. Porter, and J. Epstein. "Compliance with infection control procedures in a dental hospital clinic." British Dental Journal 173, no. 1 (July 1992): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807931.

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Elkarim, I. A., Z. A. Abdulla, N. A. Yahia, A. AlQudah, and Y. E. Ibrahim. "Basic infection control procedures in dental practice in Khartoum — Sudan." International Dental Journal 54, no. 6 (December 2004): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00297.x.

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Poon, W. K., T. M. Y. So, R. M. K. Lam, and R. W. H. Yung. "Re-engineering of nasopharyngeal aspiration procedures to enhance infection control." American Journal of Infection Control 33, no. 5 (June 2005): e103-e104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.127.

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Palmer, Sarah Jane. "Infection control in the community: recap on policy and procedure." British Journal of Community Nursing 27, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2022.27.12.582.

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Infection control has long been the focus of the attention of anyone working in healthcare, due to the risks posed to patients and staff if appropriate infection control procedures are not followed properly. This article explores a recap of important infection control measures and also outlines the Government's policy for tackling antimicrobial resistance, and its link to infection control procedures. The article covers the key points of the recent publication from NHS England on the topic of infection control.

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Parikh, Rishi, Daniel Pollock, Jyotirmay Sharma, and Jonathan Edwards. "Is There Room for Prevention? Examining the Effect of Outpatient Facility Type on the Risk of Surgical Site Infection." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 10 (July 19, 2016): 1179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.146.

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OBJECTIVEWe compared risk for surgical site infection (SSI) following surgical breast procedures among 2 patient groups: those whose procedures were performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and those whose procedures were performed in hospital-based outpatient facilities.DESIGNCohort study using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) SSI data for breast procedures performed from 2010 to 2014.METHODSUnconditional multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between facility type and breast SSI, adjusting for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification, patient age, and duration of procedure. Other potential adjustment factors examined were wound classification, anesthesia use, and gender.RESULTSAmong 124,021 total outpatient breast procedures performed between 2010 and 2014, 110,987 procedure reports submitted to the NHSN provided complete covariate data and were included in the analysis. Breast procedures performed in ASCs carried a lower risk of SSI compared with those performed in hospital-based outpatient settings. For patients aged ≤51 years, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.25–0.50) and for patients >51 years old, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.21–0.49).CONCLUSIONSSSI risk following breast procedures was significantly lower among ASC patients than among hospital-based outpatients. These findings should be placed in the context of study limitations, including the possibility of incomplete ascertainment of SSIs and shortcomings in the data available to control for differences in patient case mix. Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of procedural settings in SSI risk following breast procedures and to identify prevention opportunities.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–7

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Mull, Hillary, Kelly Stolzmann, Marlena Shin, Emily Kalver, Marin Schweizer, and Westyn Branch-Elliman. "Novel Method to Detect Cardiac Device Infections by Integrating Electronic Medical Record Text with Structured Data in the Veterans Affairs Health System." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.936.

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Background: Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are highly morbid, yet infection control resources dedicated to preventing them are limited. Infection surveillance in outpatient care is also challenging because there are no infection reporting mandates, and monitoring patients after discharge is difficult. Objective: Thus, we sought to develop a replicable electronic infection detection methodology that integrates text mining with structured data to expand surveillance to outpatient settings. Methods: Our methodology was developed to detect 90-day CIED infections. We tested an algorithm to accurately flag only cases with a true CIED-related infection using diagnostic and therapeutic data derived from the Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic medical record (EMR), including administrative data fields (visit and hospital stay dates, diagnoses, procedure codes), structured data fields (laboratory microbiology orders and results, pharmacy orders and dispensed name, quantity and fill dates, vital signs), and text files (clinical notes organized by date and type containing unstructured text). We evenly divided a national dataset of CIED procedures from 2016–2017 to create development and validation samples. We iteratively tested various infection flag types to estimate a model predicting a high likelihood of a true infection, defined using chart review, to test criterion validity. We then applied the model to the validation data and reviewed cases with high and low likelihood of infection to assess performance. Results: The algorithm development sample included 9,606 CIED procedures in 67 VA hospitals. Iterative testing over 381 chart reviewed cases with 47 infections produced a final model with a C-statistic of 0.95 (Table 1). We applied the model to the 9,606 CIED procedures in our validation sample and found 100 infections of the 245 cases identified by the model to have a high likelihood of infection We identified no infections among cases the model as having low likelihood. The final model included congestive heart failure and coagulopathy as comorbidities, surgical site infection diagnosis, a blood or cardiac microbiology order, and keyword hits for infection diagnosis and history of infection from clinical notes. Conclusions: Evolution of infection prevention programs to include ambulatory and procedural areas is crucial as healthcare delivery is increasingly provided outside traditional settings. Our method of algorithm development and validation for outpatient healthcare-associated infections using EMR-derived data, including text-note searching, has broad application beyond CIED infections. Furthermore, as integrated healthcare systems employ EMRs in more outpatient settings, this approach to infection surveillance could be replicated in non-VA care.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Cox, F. E. G. "Interactions between chemotherapy and immunity in bovine theileriosis." Parasitology 105, S1 (January 1992): S79—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075387.

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SUMMARYIn bovine theileriosis the use of chemotherapy to control an infection sufficiently long to permit the establishment of a solid protective immune response has been developed as a routine vaccination procedure. Infections withTheileria parvaandT. annulatacan be prevented by the administration of carefully controlled numbers of sporozoites simultaneously with a long acting tetracycline and this form of immunization has been widely used for the control of East Coast fever in Africa with considerable success. In this review, the nature of the chemotherapy, the immune response and the interactions between chemotherapy and immunity in the development of infection-and-treatment immunization procedures are discussed.

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Johnston, Lynn, and John Conly. "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Infection Control." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 6 (2001): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/786564.

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Over the past year, several situations have occurred in Canada in which patients who had recently undergone a surgical procedure were subsequently diagnosed with confirmed or suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This raised concerns over contamination of surgical instruments: which instruments might have been contaminated from direct exposure to tissues; can instruments become cross-contaminated by exposure to other contaminated instruments; what assessment is necessary to determine cross-contamination; and what should be done with instruments that have been contaminated. Additionally, should there be a patient traceback in the face of potential but unproven exposure? Unfortunately, there are no easy answers to most of the above questions. Australia, the United Kingdom and the World Health Organization have developed guidelines for the infection control management of patients with CJD, as well as instruments and devices that come into contact with them and their tissues (1-3). Health Canada's draft CJD infection control guidelines, withdrawn from the Health Canada Web site until safety concerns regarding sodium hydroxide can be addressed, closely mirrored recommendations made in those documents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for CJD are under revision. However, a recent American publication made recommendations on what procedures should be used for reprocessing items that have been in contact with the prion protein (PrP) (4). These recommendations differ substantially from the draft Canadian guidelines. This article reviews current knowledge about CJD, and highlights some of the infection control concerns and controversies.

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Beyt, B. Eugene, Susan Troxler, and Joel Cavaness. "Prospective Payment and Infection Control." Infection Control 6, no. 4 (April 1985): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062974.

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Under prospective payment utilizing the diagnostic related groups (DRG) classification, hospital administrators have begun to rethink accepted hospital procedures. It is now necessary to consider every factor that contributes to the cost of care, because those costs will be borne more and more by the hospital rather than the patient. Administrators must determine if an expenditure really improves the quality of care and shortens the length of stay. Unfortunately, in many cases there are no mechanisms or criteria for such an evaluation. The health care industry is in danger of cutting away tissue when the fat is being trimmed away. An effort tojustify and quantify the benefit of an infection control program in a 270-bed acute care general hospital led to eye-opening results, and a decision to expand the program rather than reduce it. The expanded program is expected to recover cost two-fold.

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Moennig, Volker, Hans Houe, and Ann Lindberg. "BVD control in Europe: current status and perspectives." Animal Health Research Reviews 6, no. 1 (June 2005): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ahr2005102.

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AbstractFor several decades after the first description of bovine viral diarrhea and its causative agent (BVDV) the economic impact of the infection was underestimated and in addition there were no suitable diagnostics and procedures for a systematic control at hand. Today, there are several estimates on the real economic impact of the infection and during the last 15 years the serological and virological laboratory diagnosis of BVDV infections has improved. Also, successful procedures aimed at eradicating BVDV infections by using a strict test and removal policy for animals persistently infected (PI) with BVDV accompanied by movement restrictions for infected herds have been implemented in the Scandinavian countries. The success of these efforts has encouraged other European countries to follow the same procedures. However, the Scandinavian control strategy might—for a number of reasons—not be acceptable for all European countries. In such cases, the test and removal strategy, with its fundamental elements of biosecurity, removal of PI animals and monitoring of herd status, in combination with systematic vaccination, might be an acceptable compromise. The impact of the BVDV-free status of regions and nations on international trade is not yet clear. In any case, biosecurity measures will be of utmost importance for individual control programs as well as multiple control programs to co-exist in Europe.

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Newlin, B. "HIV infection control for podiatric practitioners." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 80, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-1-21.

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Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), neither a curative therapy nor a vaccine is available. Protecting practitioners, medical staff members, and patients from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a particularly important issue. Fortunately, this virus is not readily transmitted in the health care setting. Adequate protection can be accomplished through the strict implementation of universal infection control policies in the treatment of all patients. Understanding these procedures, providing access to necessary equipment and supplies, and monitoring adherence to universal infection control measures will minimize the risk of exposure.

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Hassouna, Hashem, Mervat El Saygh, and Gihan EL Batouti. "Compliance with Infection Control Practices among Dental Interns in Alexandria, Egypt." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210610.

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Background: Dental settings pose a crucial risk for the transmission of infections for both dental healthcare providers and their patients. The risk of occupational exposure includes parenteral and respiratory droplet transmission. In order to minimize the risk of cross infection in dental settings, standard infection control precautions should be followed. This study aimed to assess the compliance with infection control practices among dental interns in Alexandria, Egypt. Methods: The study included 220 dental interns (122 males and 98 females) from different dental settings in Alexandria. A questionnaire was distributed to public and private sectors. Results: Regarding compliance to personal protective equipment, a 100% adherence to wearing gloves was found. Moreover, 54.3% of males and 45.7% of females always wore masks, but only 27.7% of them wore eye protection during dental procedures. The majority performed hand hygiene after doffing gloves, 69.5% but only 19.1% performed both before donning and after doffing gloves. The occurrence of needle stick injuries was 46.4% from surgical procedures and 36.4% from non- surgical procedures. A 90.0% properly disposed of sharps, while only 24.5% used the scoop technique for recapping. Only 43.2 % interns completed their Hepatitis B vaccination schedule, from which 52.6% undergone antibody testing. Conclusion: Our study showed that the overall practice of infection-control measures among dental interns in Alexandria was good. Sharps safety regulations, completing HBV vaccination, and antibody post testing need more emphasis. Continuous educational training programs and follow up assessments should be implemented to maximize the compliance of dental healthcare providers. Key words: Dental interns, Hepatitis B virus Immunization, infection control practices, needles stick injuries, personal protective equipment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Infection control procedures'

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