Academic literature on the topic 'Infants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Infants"
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Nizami, Lance. "Too resilient for anyone’s good." Kybernetes 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2017-0451.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the observer’s role in “infant psychophysics”. Infant psychophysics was developed because the diagnosis of perceptual deficits should be done as early in a patient’s life as possible, to provide efficacious treatment and thereby reduce potential long-term costs. Infants, however, cannot report their perceptions. Hence, the intensity of a stimulus at which the infant can detect it, the “threshold”, must be inferred from the infant’s behavior, as judged by observers (watchers). But whose abilities are actually being inferred? The answer affects all behavior-based conclusions about infants’ perceptions, including the well-proselytized notion that auditory stimulus-detection thresholds improve rapidly during infancy. Design/methodology/approach In total, 55 years of infant psychophysics is scrutinized, starting with seminal studies in infant vision, followed by the studies that they inspired in infant hearing. Findings The inferred stimulus-detection thresholds are those of the infant-plus-watcher and, more broadly, the entire laboratory. The thresholds are therefore tenuous, because infants’ actions may differ with stimulus intensity; expressiveness may differ between infants; different watchers may judge infants differently; etc. Particularly, the watcher’s ability to “read” the infant may improve with the infant’s age, confounding any interpretation of perceptual maturation. Further, the infant’s gaze duration, an assumed cue to stimulus detection, may lengthen or shorten nonlinearly with infant age. Research limitations/implications Infant psychophysics investigators have neglected the role of the observer, resulting in an accumulation of data that requires substantial re-interpretation. Altogether, infant psychophysics has proven far too resilient for its own good. Originality/value Infant psychophysics is examined for the first time through second-order cybernetics. The approach reveals serious unresolved issues.
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Wayan, Noviani Ni, and Fitria . "The impact of baby spa on the growth and development of infants aged 3-6 months at Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183239.
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Background: Infancy is a critical period which required special and thorough treatment. The pursuant of optimal growth and development of infant is influenced by some factors which are correlated namely, genetics, environment, behavior, and stimulus. One of the measurements to determine growth is weight. Baby spa is one of physiotherapy for infant and could stimulate infant’s motor movement which has significant influence on their growth and development.Methods: The method of this research was Quasi experimental design using the framework of pretest and posttest with control group design on infants aged 3 until 6 months who are healthy. Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) or growth chart was used to record the growth of infant before and after the treatment. Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was utilized to measure the infant’s development before and after the treatment. Baby spa therapy was performed once every two weeks for 12 weeks.Results: The research 20 infants of treatment group and control group statistically showed significant increase before and after baby spa treatment in term of growth and development of infants aged 3-6 months with p value=0.0000. There was an impact of the baby spa treatment towards the growth and development of infant aged 3-6 months based on the p value: 0.021.Conclusions: Baby spa which was performed on infants aged 3-6 months significantly increases their growth and development.
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Lira, Ana de Lourdes Sá de, Joyce de Moura Crisóstomo, and Sylvana Thereza de Castro Pires Rebelo. "Evaluation of the Maternal Perception of the Oral Health of the Inpatient Infant." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i3.8649982.
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Aim: To evaluate the mother’s perception of the oral health of their inpatient infants in maternity or infirmary units of a public hospital. Methods: Questionnaire applications were scheduled and educational lectures were carried out on how to sanitize the infant's mouth after breastfeeding, even in the absence of primary teeth, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding. Results: A significant number of mothers reported that they received no guidance regarding the oral health care of their infants. They had never attended lectures by dental practitioners, as well as they did not know that the use of pacifier, baby bottle and digital sucking habit could interfere with their infant’s oral heath over time. Conclusions: The majority declared that they had no care with the oral health of their infants. Only five mothers of newborns reported that they performed the oral hygiene of them once a day after the first breastfeeding. The mothers showed lack of knowledge on the diseases which can affect their children during early infancy as they had no information on how to prevent them. They did not know that early caries lesions could affect the infant and that harmful oral habits can predispose to the development of malocclusions.
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Ferro, Lynn, Kameron Sugino, Vanja Klepac-Ceraj, and Sarah Comstock. "Human Milk Oligosaccharide (HMO) Metabolizing Gene Abundances in Human Infant Fecal Samples." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_038.
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Abstract Objectives To benefit from the complex oligosaccharides found in human milk, an infant relies on microbial metabolism of these compounds. The main objective of this study was to determine the abundance of Bifidobacterium infantis human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) metabolizing genes in infant fecal samples. Methods Fecal samples from 40 6-mos-old infants were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the abundance of several genes in B. infantis. B infantis specific primer sets were used to target 5 HMO metabolizing genes as well as the 16S rRNA gene. Additional 16S rRNA primer sets were used to target overall bacteria, overall Bifidobacterium, B. breve and B. longum. Abundances of each qPCR reaction were compared by infant human milk exposure, solid food intake, and mode of delivery. Results Mode of delivery was not associated with any PCR targets. Two HMO genes, a sialidase and a glycoside hydrolase, as well as a B. infantis 16S rRNA gene were more abundant in the feces of human milk fed infants (p < 0.05). The sialidase and a B. infantis 16S rRNA gene tended to be less abundant when a larger percentage of an infant's diet consisted of solids (p < 0.10). When accounting for solid food intake, human milk exposure continued to be positively associated with the sialidase and a B. infantis 16S rRNA gene abundance (p < 0.05) and tended to be related to the abundance of the glycoside hydrolase (p < 0.10). An assessment of 5 B. infantis specific primer sets targeting HMO metabolizing genes demonstrated that the stools of human milk fed infants harbored a more diverse set of these genes than those of non-human milk fed infants (p = 0.02). Conclusions Herein, we have identified a qPCR primer set targeting a sialidase that is consistently associated with human milk exposure even in the presence of solid food intake. With further development and validation in additional populations of infants, these assays could be used to group samples by dietary exposure even where no record of dietary intake exists. Thus, this assay would provide a method by which infant human milk intake proximal to sample collection can be assessed quickly in any well-equipped molecular biology lab. Funding Sources This research was partially supported by the MSU College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Undergraduate Research Program as well as the Max Gonzenbach Research Scholarship.
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Abdel Salam, Seham H., Esaad M. Menazie, Marwa Elhady, and Shahinaz El Attar. "The effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on motor development and its relation to the pattern of feeding in early infancy." Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls 5, no. 1 (2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_135_20.
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Background Infant feeding is a modifiable health behavior that has long-term effect on various aspects of infant's neurodevelopmental achievement. Neurotrophins are a family of proteins, especially nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that play a major role in the development, nutrition, growth, and maintenance of the neurons. Moreover, BDNF has a major role in axonal guidance, promoting growth of dendrites and dendritic spines, and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, cardiometabolic, and autoimmune diseases. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding pattern in the first 6 months of life on BDNF serum level and motor development in early infancy. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 60 clinically healthy infants aged 6–12 months who were categorized according to their feeding pattern in the first 6 months of life into 30 breastfed and 30 formula-fed infants. BDNF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Denver developmental screening tests were assessed in relation to the feeding pattern. Results Infants with delayed achievement of motor milestones had significant lower level of BDNF than those with appropriate development. Breastfed infants had higher BDNF level (3.45±1.6 ng/ml) than formula-fed infants (1.98±1.30 ng/ml) (P<0.0001). Achievement of motor developmental milestone was significantly delayed in artificially fed than breastfed infant (43.3 vs. 16.7%) (P=0.02). Regression analysis demonstrated that BDNF is an independent predictor of motor development in early infancy. Conclusion BDNF is an important regulator of motor development in early infancy. Serum level of BDNF was higher; achievement of motor milestones was earlier in breastfed than formula-fed infants. Health programs encouraging exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life should be established. Efforts should be done to follow-up the motor development of artificially fed infant for early detection of any delay.
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Sindhura Dk, Siri, and Vikas Jain. "INFANT’S SKIN AND CARE NEEDS WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION TO FORMULATION ADDITIVES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.27384.
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Infancy is the time of adaptation from intrauterine life to the rather dry and cold, environment. Infant skin is more sensitive due to the immature immune system, hence, effortlessly prone to complications. Children from different age groups face diverse skin problems such as cradle cap, infant eczema, diaper rash, prickly heat, and many more. During early infancy, the products such as mild cleansers and lotions are used, and later, massage oils, creams, lotions, soaps, bubble bath, and other products are utilized for another few years, as a part of routine care. The preterm infants are more prone to skin damage and percutaneous toxicity from topically applied products. The ingredients incorporated in infant care products require special attention while choosing a product for them. Topical application of any such product requires thorough screening for potentially harmful ingredients before its exposure to the infant’s skin. Products used for infants should be safe and restricted of fragrance, coloring agents, parabens, plant oils, extracts, and other obnoxious ingredients. The literature is flooded with the list of safer excipients that can be utilized for the development of skin care products for infants and children.
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Adair, Robin, Howard Bauchner, Barbara Philipp, Suzette Levenson, and Barry Zuckerman. "Night Waking During Infancy: Role of Parental Presence at Bedtime." Pediatrics 87, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.87.4.500.
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Night waking occurs commonly in infants and young children. The goal of this study is to determine whether parents who report being present when their infant falls asleep at bedtime are more likely to report increased frequency of night waking by the infant. Mothers were consecutively recruited when they brought their infants to the clinic for their 9-month well-child visit. A total of 122 mothers agreed to participate and completed a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended, forced choice questions about their infant's feeding and sleeping behavior, and demographic and psychosocial characteristics. For 33% of the mothers, a parent was routinely present when the infant went to sleep. The entire sample of infants averaged 4.1 night wakings during the week prior to questionnaire completion. Infants whose parents were present at bedtime were significantly more likely to wake at night than infants whose parents were not present (6.2 vs 3.1, P = .01). Frequent night waking (seven or more wakings in the prior week) occurred in 28% of the sample. More of the infants whose parents were present experienced frequent night waking compared with infants whose parents were not present (40% vs 22%, P < .04). When potential confounding variables were controlled by multivariate analysis, parents being present when the child went to sleep was independently associated with night waking (P < .03). The association of parental presence at bedtime and night waking has implications for preventing and managing disruptive night waking in infancy.
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Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick. "‘I beg your pardon?’: the preverbal negotiation of failed messages." Journal of Child Language 13, no. 3 (October 1986): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900006826.
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ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study of how preverbal infants communicate with their mothers utilized the situation in which the infant was seated in a highchair at lunchtime. This situation predisposed infants to use communication as a means, since they were often unable to achieve their goals without assistance. It was found that infants' communicative attempts were often unsuccessful; the present study focussed on how infants and mothers worked to establish the infants' intents after communication failures. In the preverbal negotiation of failed messages infants direct communicative behaviours to their mothers which their mothers fail to comprehend immediately, NEGOTIATIONS occur when mothers help infants make their intents clear. Negotiation episodes have four components: the infant's initial signal, the mother's comprehension failure, infant repairs and episode outcome. Changes in these components provide much information about how infants' communicative skills evolve during the transition to a linguistically based communication system. Negotiation episodes are contrasted with episodes called IMMEDIATE SUCCESSES in which the mother readily comprehends the intent behind the infant's signal, and MISSED ATTEMPTS in which the mother fails to pick up on the infant's signal. Taken together these three types of communicative episode reveal a degree of persistence and creativity on the part of the preverbal infant that is surprising in the light of prior research. Such episodes further reveal that the course of preverbal communication is NOT smooth.
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Ropitasari, Ropitasari, Rizka Adela Fatsena, Sri Anggarini Parwatiningsih, Anis Laela Megasari, M. Nur Dewi Kartikasari, Fresthy Astrika Yunita, Hardiningsih Hardiningsih, and Cahyaning Setyo Hutomo. "Relationship of Breastfeeding on Infant Development in Surakarta." Journal of Maternal and Child Health 8, no. 5 (2023): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.05.10.
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Background: Breast milk is the healthiest diet for newborns since it has the best immune system of any food, has a wealth of advantages, and contains the right combination and amount of nutrients to promote an infant's growth and development, especially between the ages of 0 and 6 months. This study aimed to determine the impact of breastfeeding on infant’s development in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Community Health Centre in Surakarta, Central Java on March to August 2020. A total sample of 56 infants were selected for this study. The dependent variable was infant development. The independent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The data collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square. Results: Infants who are exclusive breastfeeding have a 25.50 times chance of developing better com¬par¬ed to infants who are not exclusive breast¬feeding, and this is statistically significant (OR= 25.50; 95% CI= 1.14 to 572.30; p <0.001). Infant with exclusive breast¬feeding had a better commu-nication and social interaction at 6 months, and better cognition, communication, and social interaction at 12 months. Conclusion: The development of infants' psychological, linguistic, fine motor, and gross motor skills can be improved by exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: breastfeeding, development, infants.
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McLoughlin, Vanessa ZY, Noor HA Suaini, Kewin Siah, Evelyn XL Loo, Wei Wei Pang, Yap Seng Chong, Keith M. Godfrey, et al. "Prevalence, risk factors and parental perceptions of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asian infants in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 51, no. 5 (May 27, 2022): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021411.
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Introduction: Infant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a significant cause of concern to parents. This study seeks to describe GERD prevalence in infants, evaluate possible risk factors and assess common beliefs influencing management of GERD among Asian parents. Methods: Mother-infant dyads in the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes (S-PRESTO) cohort were prospectively followed from preconception to 12 months post-delivery. GERD diagnosis was ascertained through the revised Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ-R) administered at 4 time points during infancy. Data on parental perceptions and lifestyle modifications were also collected. Results: The prevalence of infant GERD peaked at 26.5% at age 6 weeks, decreasing to 1.1% by 12 months. Infants exclusively breastfed at 3 weeks of life had reduced odds of GERD by 1 year (adjusted odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.97, P=0.04). Elimination of “cold or heaty food” and “gas producing” vegetables, massaging the infant’s abdomen and application of medicated oil to the infant’s abdomen were quoted as major lifestyle modifications in response to GERD symptoms. Conclusion: Prevalence of GERD in infants is highest in the first 3 months of life, and the majority outgrow it by 1 year of age. Infants exclusively breastfed at 3 weeks had reduced odds of GERD. Cultural-based changes such as elimination of “heaty or cold” food influence parental perceptions in GERD, which are unique to the Asian population. Understanding the cultural basis for parental perceptions and health-seeking behaviours is crucial in tailoring patient education appropriately for optimal management of infant GERD. Keywords: Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal disorders, GERD, infant feeding, parental beliefs
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infants"
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Sterling, John W. (John Wilson). "Mother-Infant Interaction with Facially Deformed Infants." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331799/.
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This study investigated the interactions of facially deformed infants (FD) with their mothers compared to a facially nondeformed control group (FND). All mother-infant dyads were videotaped for 10 minutes during a free play period. Mothers were instructed to spend time with their baby as they normally would. The videotaped interactions of 14 FD dyads and 14 FND dyads were rated by five raters for quality of interactions, amount of vocalization, touch, and face-to-face gaze. The infants were rated on their level of attractiveness from polaroid pictures and videotapes. Mothers also completed a questionnaire which assessed their infants' temperament. Three of the studies' four hypotheses were confirmed. First, the more attractive an infant was, the better his/her interactions with the mother were judged to be. Second, FD infant dyads were rated as significantly poorer in quality of interaction than FND dyads, although FD* dyads did not spend significantly less time vocalizing, touching, or in face-to-face gaze as predicted. A significantly higher percentage of FD infants were judged as having difficult temperament relative to FND infants. Finally, as predicted it was found that infants with difficult temperaments were more likely to exhibit poorer quality interactions than infants with less difficult temperaments. These results have important implications for providing anticipatory guidance to caregivers of FD infants. Without intervention, FD infants appear at risk for subsequent developmental problems stemming from disrupted early mother-infant interactions. Future research should focus on these interactions soon after the infant's birth, attempt to determine if FD infants' emotions can be reliably understood from their facial expressions (as has been found in normal infants) and extend the current research paradigm to include fathers of FD infants.
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Rowe, Jennifer. "Organising bodies : a study of feeding and sleep in infancy /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2000. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/iad/absthe15803.pdf.
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Pegg, Judith E. "Young infants demonstrate a preference for infant directed talk." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28997.
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This research was designed to assess 7-week-old infants' preference for infant directed and adult directed talk. (IDT and ADT) using the infant controlled habituation/dishabituation looking procedure. Infants were presented with short audio recordings of either a female or a male speaking in IDT during habituation and ADT during dishabituation or the reverse. In the control conditions, the stimulus did not change. Infants demonstrated preference for IDT over ADT in both male and female speaker conditions. They also demonstrated preference for the female speaker used in this study over the male speaker. Interactions among the dependent variables (first three looks), and the independent variables (infant gender, and style of speaking as well as infant gender, and speaker gender), suggest that the preference might not be as robust as the preference found in infants over 4 months. Evidence for discrimination between IDT and ADT was inferred from the between group demonstration of preference, but no evidence of within infant discrimination was found. Because the evidence suggests that 7-week-old infants demonstrate weaker preference for IDT over ADT than do infants of 4 months, it is assumed that infant preferences follow a developmental sequence. Thus, it is possible that developing preferences are influenced by experiential factors.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Abraham, Jane L. "Mother and infant communication: mothers' experiences and infants' preferences." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39157.
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Two longitudinal studies were conducted to explore the mother-infant communication process during the first four months of postnatal life. One study focused on mothers' experiences communicating with their infants. Forty-seven mothers were interviewed when their infants were 6 to 8 weeks of age; 42 of the same mothers were interviewed when their infants were 16 to 18 weeks of age. Mothers were asked questions about their interactions with their infants, how they talked to their infants, why they talked to their infants, how they learned to talk to their infants, and what th,eir beliefs were about the relationship between talking to infants and development. A model was constructed from these data, conceptualizing the communication process between mothers and their young infants. Four themes were identified: expert advice influenced some mother-infant communication; mothers and infants co-regulated some of their communication; maternal communication behaviors were consistent across age and ethnicity; and experience talking to pets influenced some new mothers' speaking styles.Ph. D.
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SPINELLI, MARIA. "Parenting preterm infants: implications for mothers and mother- infant relationship." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/45026.
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Prematurity and the associated neonatal complications are identified as risk factors that may bring psychological complications both for the baby’s development and for the early mother-infant relationship. The birth of a preterm infant, the sudden end of the pregnancy, and infant’s hospitalization, often represent stressful experiences for parents. Therefore, premature birth may affect parental perceptions and attitudes, thereby distorting parent-child interactions and relationship.
The present dissertation aims to examine the complex experience of parenting a preterm infant from a transactional perspective with a mixed method design. The theoretical framework integrates the transactional model of development, attachment theory and recent theories of infant research. Three studies, analyzing the phenomenon from different perspectives and using different methodological frameworks, are reported.
The first study qualitatively analyzed narratives of 30 preterm infant mothers. Mothers were interviewed during infant hospitalization on the experiences of pregnancy, delivery and infant recovery. The thematic analysis revealed three major themes relevant for mothers: The construction of maternal identity, The construction of the representation of the bond with the child; The relationship with the healthcare providers and external world.
The second study is a microanalysis of mother-infant’s emotion regulation and play during free play interactions at 3 and 6 months of infant’s age. Comparisons between 22 preterm and 20 full-term infant dyads revealed more differences at a maternal and dyadic level than at the infant’s level. Mother-premature infant dyads presented a typical interactive style characterized by maternal overstimulation and the tendency to lead the interaction. These dyads showed more difficulties to adjust their interaction to infant’s growth and more interactive risk indicators emerged at 6 months. The role of infant and maternal characteristics and maternal attachment models as protective and risk factors was explored.
The third study examined perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the levels of parenting stress in 156 mothers of full-term children and 87 mothers of preterm children. This study proposed a mediating role of PTSD symptoms between preterm/full-term birth and levels of parenting stress. The mothers were asked to complete a Web survey assessing perinatal PTSD symptoms, parenting stress and social support. The findings showed that mothers of preterm children experienced more post-traumatic symptoms and parenting stress than did mothers of full-term children. Levels of PTSD symptoms were higher for mothers with infants born at lower gestational age. The relationship between preterm/full-term birth and levels of parenting stress was mediated by PTSD symptoms. Moreover, the child’s age moderated the association between maternal PTSD and parenting stress.
The discussions of the three studies are integrated in the final conclusions. Findings suggest that prematurity have implications for mothers’ transition to parenthood and for the development of mother-infant relationship confirming the need to examine the phenomenon from a transactional perspective. Implications for preventive interventions are addressed.
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Vingut, Riggall Marta Ana. "Els infants d’origen immigrat i l’educació infantil a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284132.
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“Els Infants d’Origen Immigrat i l’Escola Infantil a Catalunya” és el títol de la tesi doctoral presentada que deriva d’una investigació iniciada juntament amb el grup de recerca GRADASEL (Grup de Recerca d’Atenció a la Diversitat: Aspectes Socioculturals, Emocionals i Lingüístics”) de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, tot seguint la línia d’investigació de l’antropòleg Nord-americà Joseph Tobin centrada en l’acollida d’alumnat immigrat a l’escola infantil des d’una perspectiva transcultural. Els objectius de la recerca desenvolupada a Catalunya se centren a detectar quina és la percepció que tenen els mestres de l’escola infantil respecte de l’alumnat d’origen immigrat, així com les necessitats que es desprenen del seu discurs.
L’enfocament metodològic abordat en la recerca pretén escoltar la veu dels diferents agents implicats en l’acció educativa de l’escola infantil a partir del que Tobin anomena “Video-cued Multivocal Ethnography”. Aquest mètode de fonamentació etnogràfica es basa en l’anàlisi del discurs de grups de discussió (focus groups) a partir dels comentaris i observacions que fan els participants en veure uns vídeos etnogràfics que mostren el que seria un dia habitual a l’escola. D’acord amb els principis metodològics, el vídeo etnogràfic es converteix en una eina protectiva per a estimular la reflexió sobre la pràctica educativa tot provocant que emergeixi un discurs espontani entre els agents educatius que posi de manifest els seus valors personals i educatius.
L’anàlisi del discurs ha donat lloc a l’organització dels resultats en quatre blocs:
- Aproximació al marc educatiu de l’etapa Infantil: la recerca s’inicia amb l‘anàlisi del context educatiu de l’etapa infantil de manera genèrica, tot entenent que aquest determina el marc en el qual es valora l’educació de l’alumnat d’origen immigrat. De l’anàlisi es desprèn un discurs que posa l’accent sobre la tendència escolaritzadora de l’etapa infantil i un neguit pels continguts d’aprenentatge cognitiu, en especial vers la lectura i l’escriptura.
- L’etapa infantil i l’alumnat d’origen immigrat: les percepcions dels mestres mostren com la diversitat cultural es considera part inherent a la diversitat de l’alumnat, ignorant les especificitats derivades del contacte entre cultures o la influència dels valors i estereotips socials en el desenvolupament de la identitat. Tot i que en l’etapa infantil les valoracions són afectuoses vers aquest tipus d’alumnat, la percepció varia en funció de la quantitat acollida. S’evidencia que preval una percepció multicultural de l’educació i no tant intercultural.
- La relació Escola – Família: es fa palesa una distància entre l’escola i la família, considerant-se ambdós com a àmbits educatius separats, on la manca de comunicació i de relació genera tensió i exigències mútues, especialment en centres de tendència més escolaritzadora. Aquesta distància s’agreuja en el cas de famílies d’origen immigrat, alimentant o mantenint estereotips quan n’hi ha. Això no obstant, també es constaten iniciatives d’acostament significatives.
- Llengua i Aprenentatge: es reconeix la importància de vetllar per una adquisició natural de la llengua vehicular i s’empren mesures diverses i flexibles per a estimular-ne l’aprenentatge en els estadis inicials, però es deixa d’estimular un cop s’adquireix una competència conversacional bàsica. Es constata també una clara preocupació per la llengua catalana, especialment davant l’ús estès del castellà en els entorns socials. Les llengües d’origen dels alumnes no es fan presents a l’escola, desaprofitant el seu potencial educatiu de cara al foment de la competència plurilingüe."Children of Immigrant Origins and Early Childhood Education in Catalonia" is the title of the doctoral thesis presented stemming from an investigation initiated together with the GRADASEL research group (Research Group for Attention to Diversity: Socio-cultural, Emotional and Linguistic Aspects") of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, following American anthropologist Joseph Tobin’s research line focusing on the reception of immigrant students in ECE from a cross-cultural perspective. The objectives of the research carried out in Catalonia focus on detecting ECE teacher perceptions regarding children of immigrant origins, as well as the needs that emerge from their discourse. The methodological approach addressed in the research aims to listen to the voices of the ECE teachers throughout Tobin’s ''Video-cued Multivocal Ethnography". Such methodology, of ethnographic foundation, is based on focus group discourse analysis once having viewed school ethnographic videos. In accordance to the methodological principles, the ethnographic video becomes a projective tool stimulating reflection on educational practice bringing spontaneous discourse to the fore regarding personal values and educational expectations. The results of the analysis have been organized in four extensive blocks: - Approach to ECE: the research begins analysing ECE settings in a generic way, understanding that this determines the context in which children of immigrant origin’s education must be considered. The analysis proves a schoolifying tendency and concern over cognitive contents, especially reading and writing. - ECE and children of immigrant origins: teacher discourse shows how cultural diversity is considered as an intrinsic part of children’s diversity, ignoring the specificities arising from culture contact or the influence of social values and stereotypes in identity development. Although evaluations regarding the children are affectionate, perception varies depending on the amount of such children in the school. A multicultural perception prevails over intercultural education. - School and family relationship: distance between school and families becomes evident, considered as being separate educational institutions, where a lack of communication and relationship generates tension and mutual demands, especially in more academical schools. Such distance increases in the case of immigrant origin families, nurturing stereotyped perceptions. However, significant approaching initiatives become evident. - Language and learning: natural acquisition of the school’s vehicular language is enhanced and various flexible measures stimulating learning are applied in the early stages, although forgotten once general conversation skills are achieved. Alongside, concern over the Catalan language is also made evident, especially due to the expansion of the Spanish language in social environments. Children’s languages of origin are not present in school, wasting educational potential towards developing a plurilingual competence.
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Tang, Mei-po. "Weight gain and methods of feeding a retrospective cohort study of the Hong Kong Chinese infants /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972214.
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Mac, Dougall Ca~ida. "Growth and nutrional status of formula-fed infants aged 2-10 weeks in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1504.
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Oswalt, Krista Lee. "Effects of infant massage on HIV-infected mothers and their infants." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/oswalt.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.Additional advisors: Daniel Marullo, Sylvie Mrug, Marsha Sturdevant, Lynda Wilson. Description based on contents viewed June 5, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-52).
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Meadows, Denis William, and D. Meadows@mailbox gu edu au. "Mothers' Sensitivity to Infants' Communicative Acts." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030226.164131.
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This series of studies investigated the sensitivity of mothers towards the behaviour of their preverbal infants. More specifically, the investigation examined the consistency with which mothers identified what they considered to be communicative acts by their infants aged 6, 9, and 12 months, and the contingency and appropriateness of their maternal responses. The ability of other female adults to identify the same infant acts as communicative as the mothers was also investigated. In Studies one and two, 35 infants and their mothers were videotaped in a laboratory setting. Three weeks after the videotaping session, the mothers were asked to view a five-minute section and code the stream of infant behaviour into periods when they believed that their infant was engaging in communicative behaviours ('on' events) and periods when they considered that the infants were not ('off' events). This process was repeated three months after the first coding. At each coding session the mothers coded the videotape twice. Each mother's coded records were compared, in pairs, within and across coding sessions and the observed levels of agreement were calculated. A randomization procedure using 1000 iterations of the whole 'on' and 'off' events was used to determine the meaningfulness of the observed level of agreement between pairs of codings by providing distributions of chance levels of agreement with which the observed levels could be compared. Levels of agreement that exceeded chance values (p equals or is less than .05) were taken as evidence of consistency of maternal response. Consistency in the identification of communicative acts by other female adults (OAs) was investigated using a sample of 12 of the videotapes. Each videotape was coded by three separate OAs. The significance of the observed levels of agreement between the mother's coding and those of the OAs was determined using the randomization procedure. The results indicated that at each infant age, mothers were able to identify consistently their infant's communicatively salient behaviours, even over inter-coding intervals of three months. Further, both OAs and mothers identified the same infant behaviours as communicative. The third study investigated the abilities of a different sample of mothers and infants to describe the topography and meaning of their infants' behaviours during the 'on' events. Mothers' descriptions of their infants' behaviour during the 'on' events were also used to describe changes in the criteria that they used to identify infant behaviours as communicatively salient. Results indicated that the complexity of the criteria that the mothers used changed across infant age. First, mothers of younger infants were more likely, than mothers of older infants, to describe a single infant behaviour as being communicatively salient. The latter were more likely to identify two or three co-occurring infant behaviours as salient. Second, when more than one infant behaviour was identified in an 'on' event, the mothers of the older infants were more likely than the mothers of younger infants to state that all of the behaviours that they identified were communicatively important. These findings were interpreted to mean that mothers of older infants required more complex constellations of behaviour during the 'on' events in order to identify those behaviours as communicative. Study 4 investigated the contingency and appropriateness of the mothers' responses to the segments of their infants' behaviour that they identified as being communicative. Across infant age, findings indicated that the mothers' verbal responses to their infants were contingent upon whether they considered that their infants were engaged in communicatively salient behaviours. During periods of infant behaviour that the mothers identified as being communicative, mothers talked significantly more to their infants than they did when their infant's behaviour was considered to be non-communicative. Further, mothers' verbal responses were interpreted as being appropriate in two ways. First, during the 'on' events, changes occurred over infant age in the balance between the use of utterances designed to attract and maintain the attention of the infant (Attentional Directives) and those designed to provide comment on infant behaviour (Feedback). This shift is in keeping with widely reported changes in infant behaviour as children grow older (i.e., older infants' play a greater role in initiating and maintaining episodes of interaction). Second, during periods when the mothers considered that their infants were not communicating ('off' events) they rarely used 'Feedback' verbal responses. During 'off' events, mothers maintained high levels of 'Attentional Directive' talk, irrespective of infant age. Taken collectively, these studies provide evidence that supports the view that mothers are sensitive to what they consider to be communicative behaviours by their infants in terms of the consistency, contingency and appropriateness of their behaviour. The unique features of this investigation, the generality of the findings and the implications for future research are discussed in the final chapter.
Books on the topic "Infants"
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Kerry, Trevor. Teaching infants. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.
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Kerry, Trevor. Teaching infants. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.
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Smith, Timothy. Miracle birth stories of very premature babies: Little thumbs up! Westport, Conn: Bergin & Garvey, 1999.
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Krauss, Michael. Your newborn baby: Everything you need to know. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1988.
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François, Jouen, Hénocq Alain, and Colloque Recherche et pédiatrie (1989 : Rouen, France), eds. Du nouveau-né au nourrisson: Recherche fondamentale et pédiatrie : Colloque Recherche et pédiatrie, Rouen, 13 et 14 octobre 1989. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1991.
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D, Sears William M., ed. 25 things every new mother should know. Boston, Mass: Harvard Common Press, 1995.
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Kearsley, Richard B., and Irving E. Sigel. Infants at Risk. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003171447.
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Premji, Shahirose Sadrudin, ed. Late Preterm Infants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94352-7.
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Affleck, Glenn, Howard Tennen, and Jonelle Rowe. Infants in Crisis. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3050-2.
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Hart, Sybil L. Jealousy in Infants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10452-2.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Infants"
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Davenport, Teresa L. "Premature Infants." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1148–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2220.
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Zabransky, Siegfried. "Premature Infants." In Caring for Children Born Small for Gestational Age, 127–49. Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-908517-90-6_12.
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King, Caroline, and Kate Tavener. "Preterm Infants." In Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, 81–103. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118915349.ch6.
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Martini, Silvia, and Luigi Corvaglia. "Premature Infants." In Frailty in Children, 11–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24307-3_2.
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Haussker, Fayah. "Smuggling infants." In Citizenship in Antiquity, 296–311. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003138730-26.
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Xie, Yuan, Yousheng Yao, Zhihao Huang, Zhenhua Chen, E. Tang, Xiqin Pan, Junpeng Zheng, Junqi Zhan, Jin Peng, and Haoteng Chen. "WellGuard: An Interactive System for New Parents to Care for Their Babies." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240043.
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The increase in the number of infants is a clear trend as society develops and demographics change. In this situation, the health of infants becomes particularly important. Infants, due to their physiological peculiarities and underdeveloped immune systems, are, firstly, relatively sensitive to temperature changes. Their ability to regulate body temperature is not as perfect as that of adults, and they are easily affected by the external environment, making it more difficult to maintain a stable body temperature. Effects of abnormal body temperature in infants. Abnormal body temperature in infants may lead to many health problems, including but not limited to fever, hypothermia, generalized discomfort and restlessness, and decreased sleep quality. The inability of infants to actively express temperature discomfort, which can be easily overlooked, makes it important to monitor and regulate infant body temperature. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce WellGuard, a system that helps parents to effectively master basic infant care. WellGuard consists of a stroller and an app that provides real-time feedback based on the infant’s body temperature and ambient temperature while the infant is using the stroller, and changes in the infant’s body temperature as well as ambient temperature are recorded. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the basic performance of WellGuard, and a preliminary user study of WellGuard was also conducted, which showed that parents were more receptive to WellGuard and more confident in caring for their infants during the learning process.
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Cooke, Sharon, Dawson Cooke, and Sue Coleson. "Description of a Relationship Focused Mother-Infant Group Program: Mother-Baby Nurture." In Midwifery - New Perspectives and Challenges [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110088.
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Mother-Baby Nurture is an innovative group program that focusses on strengthening the mother-infant relationship through enhancing reflective capacity within mothers and their infants. We describe the unique combination of the features that are central to this program and present comparisons with other early parenting interventions. Infancy is a unique period of acute developmental vulnerability and dependence on a caregiver. As the caregiver is the critical regulator between infant and their environment, disturbances in the caregiver-infant relationship have heightened potential to interfere in the infant’s developmental trajectory and lifelong wellbeing. Mother-Baby Nurture is a 10-week targeted group program that is currently being implemented in Western Australia, for infants and their mothers experiencing relational or emotional distress. This program provides an emotionally containing space for a mother and her infant to explore mental states. We foster curiosity in the thoughts, feelings, and behaviour (of the baby, the mother, and others), as well as reflection on attachment relationships (past and present). This therapeutic approach shares common ground with parent-infant psychotherapy and mentalization-based treatment, and is informed by attachment theory and the neurobiological science of infant development.
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Rovee-Collier, Carolyn, and Harlene Hayne. "Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood." In The Oxford Handbook of Memory, 267–82. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122657.003.0017.
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Abstract Since Freud (1935) first proposed that adult behavior is rooted in the infancy period, psychologists have viewed infants’ experiences as the cornerstone of later development. This view presumes that infants can preserve a relatively enduring record of their experiences-a capacity that, paradoxically, infants are thought to lack. In what follows, were view the major paradigms used to study infant memory, their basic findings, and new evidence of infants’ memory capacity that re solves this paradox. Finally, we consider three current issues-memory distortions, the ontogeny of multiple memory systems, and infantile amnesia.
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Sanfilippo, Katie Rose M., Shannon de l’Etoile, and Sandra E. Trehub. "Musical care in infancy." In Collaborative Insights, 12–43. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197535011.003.0002.
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Musical care in infancy, as construed here, encompasses two broad realms, natural and targeted musical care for infants and their caregivers. Natural musical care refers to the everyday use of music in interactions with infants, reinforcing cultural practices that accommodate infant nurture and development, caregiver well-being, and the parent–infant relationship. Targeted musical care draws on educational and clinical approaches to create musical interventions and music therapy practices aimed at optimizing well-being in special or vulnerable populations. Findings from several disciplines—including developmental psychology, ethnomusicology, music therapy, perinatal mental health, and paediatrics—enrich our understanding of musical care in infancy. This chapter begins by considering infants’ capacity for musical engagement, which provides the foundation for musical care interventions in special circumstances. The chapter proceeds to describe mothers’ (or primary caregivers’) intuitive singing and musical care rituals, highlighting natural musical care in Western and non-Western cultures. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on research and practice in musical care interventions and music therapy, or targeted musical care. The chapter considers the role of musical care in supporting maternal and infant well-being in situations involving maternal anxiety and depression, infants with disabilities, and prematurely born infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Finally, the chapter suggests future directions for research and practice, including an exploration of musical care with other caregivers (e.g., fathers and grandparents), development of more interdisciplinary and evidence-based interventions for infants with special needs, and the potential for musical care in support of infants and caregivers from marginalized or seldom-heard communities.
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Perkins, Laurel, and Jeffrey L. Lidz. "Behavioral Acquisition Methods With Infants." In The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Syntax, 137–70. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198797722.013.6.
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Abstract This chapter reviews key findings in the domain of infant syntax, covering both the methods used to explore infant syntax and the discoveries linguists have made concerning the growth of syntactic knowledge. We first explore children’s initial steps in acquiring the syntactic categories of their language, how children use distributional evidence to build these categories and how these distributional properties are used in making syntactic and semantic inferences. Second, we examine children’s early phrase structure representations, focusing on hierarchical structure, the canonical order of subjects, verbs and objects, and the emergence of language-specific properties of clauses, such as the licensing of null subjects. Finally, we turn to infants’ acquisition of grammatical dependencies, exploring when and how infants detect dependencies that hold across non-adjacent morphemes in particular syntactic environments, dependencies that involve movement and dependencies that involve binding. This review provides a clear summary of both the prospects and challenges for examining syntax in infancy. While infant research must face the challenge that infants are limited in their behavioral repertoire, at the same time, studying infant syntax represents the frontier of our knowledge about the emergence of grammar. Gaining a richer understanding of infants’ sensitivities and their ability to make inferences from distributional observations to syntactic representations may ultimately help us to better understand how the language faculty allows us to acquire whatever language we are exposed to.
Conference papers on the topic "Infants"
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Okajima, Hiroyuki, Shinichiro Ota, and Ryo Ota. "Dynamic Characteristics of Infants Riding on Stroller." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23749.
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Abstract When a stroller with an infant ride over protrusions or irregularities, vibrations are transmitted from the infant’s lower limb to the upper limb through the tire-frame-cushion. To reduce the load on the infant, the challenge is to reduce the vibration at each part of the infant’s body. To design an equipment for reducing such vibration, it is important to understand the vibration characteristics of infants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the vibration characteristics of infants. Transient and frequency response characteristics of the infant–stroller system were investigated by riding over protrusions and irregularities, respectively. In the transient response obtained by both wheels riding over the protrusion, the vibration of the head and chest is a mixture of the primary secondary vibration modes. In the transient response obtained with one wheel riding over the protrusion, the primary vibration mode becomes prominent when the vibration transmitted to the stroller seat is small, and the secondary vibration mode becomes prominent when the vibration transmitted to the stroller seat is large. The frequency response shows some resonance frequencies between 1 Hz and 6 Hz. Vibrations over 8 Hz have small effects on the infants because the acceleration ratio is low at values below 1.
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Jung, Soonmoon, Jaemin Kim, Youngho Lee, Hyeyeong Song, Yeeun Kang, and Junghwa Hong. "DESIGN OF BABY CUSHION FOR STROLLER USING FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION." In 2023 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2023-7123.
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Abstract Infants spend most of the day sleeping anywhere. In the past, most parents put their infants to sleep in the prone position, but recently they put their infants to sleep in the prone position because of an issue of sudden infant death syndrome. When infants sleep in a supine position for a long time, occipital bone deformation is occurred because of pressure at the occipital region. To prevent minimize the pressure on the infant’s head and body, through the finite element simulation using the infant model, a baby cushion for the stroller was designed using the central composite design (CCD) method. The maximum contact pressure between the designed cushion and the infant model was 22.8 mmHg and this value is about 50 % lower than the pressure that occurred between the infant model and the general cushion. It can be helpful to reduce the possibility of a baby’s head deformation and other body disorders.
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Clarke-Sather, Abigail R., Kelly Cobb, Catherine Maloney, and Hannah Young. "Contextual Design Theory Applied to Wearables That Facilitate Kangaroo Care by Interviewing Mothers of Hospitalized Infants." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6915.
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When considering how to design medical devices considering the needs of the patient and hospital staff may seem sufficient. Hospitalized infants are patients who cannot speak or advocate for their needs; the parents and the hospital staff caring for infant patients have different roles that together are integral to an infant’s recovery. Figure 1 shows how mothers, nurses, and infants form a system of care to promote infant patient healing. In particular caregiver behaviors such as kangaroo care (KC), are dependent upon the involvement of family. KC, defined as bare skin-to-skin contact between an infant and an adult caregiver, is usually done chest-to-chest. The design of wearables for the caregivers holding the infant patient can make KC easier and be part of wearable medical device design that improves infant patient outcomes.
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Jiang, Lin, Diana L. Alatalo, Donna T. Geddes, and Fatemeh Hassanipour. "A Clinical Experiment on Infant Applied Pressures During Breastfeeding." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87674.
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Breastfeeding provides both nutrients and immunities necessary for infant growth. Understanding the biomechanics of breastfeeding requires capturing both positive and negative pressures exerted by infants on the breast. This clinical experimental work utilizes thin, flexible pressure sensors to capture the positive oral pressures of 7 mother-infant dyads during breastfeeding while simultaneously measuring vacuum pressures and imaging of the infants oral cavity movement via ultrasound. Methods for denoising signals and evaluating ultrasound images are discussed. Changes and deformations on the nipple are evaluated. The results reveal that pressure from the infant’s maxilla and mandible are evenly distributed in an oscillatory pattern corresponding to the vacuum pressure patterns. Variations in nipple dimensions are considerably smaller than variations in either pressure but the ultrasound shows positive pressure dominates structural changes during breastfeeding. Clinical implications for infant-led milk expression and data processing are discussed.
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Keim, Timothy, Ramak Amjad, and Roger Fales. "Modeling and Feedback Control of Inspired Oxygen for Premature Infants." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6107.
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Premature infants are commonly treated for respiratory problems due to their underdeveloped lungs. Due to Respiratory Distress Syndrome, the infant requires mechanical ventilation or increased inspired oxygen. If the blood oxygen saturation is kept a too high of a level, the infant is at risk for retinopathy of prematurity. A safe level for the infant’s blood oxygen saturation is between 85–92%. An automatic control system would aid nurses in care of premature infants. Since each infant is different, the control system must be robust enough to achieve adequate control of the percentage of oxygen in inspired air administered to the patient. Clinical data is acquired from patient bedside monitors. A parameter estimating extended Kalman filter assuming a first order model is applied to the data to calculate a range of system gains and time constants. An error model is then created using the resulting ranges of parameters. Performance specifications are defined and a μ-synthesis controller is developed to automatically control the oxygen percentage of inspired air. The control system is analyzed using H∞ methods to determine whether robust stability and robust performance are achieved in the presence of system uncertainty described by the error model.
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Dobson, Velma, and Beatriz Luna. "Grating Acuity in Infants: Prototype vs Teller Acuity Cards." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1990.ma3.
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The acuity card procedure1 is a modified version of the forced-choice preferential looking procedure (FPL)2 that has been used for the past fifteen years to measure grating acuity in individual infants in laboratory settings. In the FPL procedure, the observer's task is to watch the infant through a small peephole and to judge, based on the infant's eye and head movements, whether a black-and-white grating is located to the right or to the left of the peephole. After numerous presentations of at least four spatial frequencies of gratings, acuity is estimated as the (interpolated) spatial frequency that produced a score of 75 percent correct by the observer.
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Pittman, Jessica E., Feng-Chang Lin, Robin Johnson, Paul Jones, and Stephanie D. Davis. "Patterns Of Infant Lung Function In Infants With Cystic Fibrosis Vs. Wheezy Infants." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5262.
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Andrew, M., B. A. Paes, R. A. Milner, P. J. Powers, M. Johnston, and V. Castle. "THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COAGULATION SYSTEM IN THE PREMATURE INFANT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643606.
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A cohort study was performed to determine the postnatal development of the coagulation system in the “healthy” premature infant. Mothers were approached for consent and a total of 132 premature infants were entered into the study. The group consisted of 64 infants with gestational ages of 34-36 weeks (prem 1) and 68 infants whose gestational age was 33 weeks or less (prem 2). Demographic information and a 2 ml blood sample were obtained on days 1, 5, 30, 90, and 180. Plasma was fractionated and stored at −70°C for batch assaying of the following tests: screening tests, PT, APTT; factor assays (biologic (B)); fibrinogen, II, V, VII, VIII:C, IX, X, XI, XII, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, XIII (immunologic (I)); inhibitors (I), antithrombin III, aα2-antiplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, α-anti-trypsin, Cl esterase inhibitor, protein C, protein S, and the fibrinolytic system (B); plasminogen. We have previously reported an identical study for 118 full term infants. The large number of premature and full term infants studied at varying time points allowed us to determine the following: 1) coagulation tests vary with the gestational age and postnatal age of the infant; 2) each factor has a unique postnatal pattern of maturation; 3) near adult values are achieved by 6 months of age; 4) premature infants have a more rapid postnatal development of the coagulation system compared to the full term infant; and 5) the range of reference values for two age groups of premature infants has been established for each of the assays. These reference values will provide a basis for future investigation of specific hemorrhagic and thrombotic problems in the newborn infant.
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Camelo, Leonardo Yuto Suzuki, Bernardo Bentes Gatto, Ayrles Mendonça, Rafael Giusti, and Eulanda Miranda dos Santos. "Infant Movement Detection via Eigenvalue-Entropy Based Subspace Method." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcas.2024.2764.
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The early identification of anomalous movements in infants is crucial for intervening in potential neuromotor development disorders. The clinical method General Movement Assessment (GMA) is devoted to this identification task. However, since GMA is intensive and requires experts, new machine learning-based approaches and keypoints extracted from videos have emerged. However, challenges such as the underrepresentation of infants with writhing movements (WM)—general movements presented by infants in their first weeks of life; the scarcity of public datasets; and the fact that only video segments showing infants performing movements must be analyzed, are limitations to identify anomalous movements in infants automatically. This work introduces a method which uses spatial distance features extracted from skeletal data and employs subspace method based on the statistical analysis of the eigenvalue-entropy to enhance the detection of infants movements in video data, especially video from infants exhibiting WMs. The proposed method applies a subspace approach as an initial step to filter infant movements for further detection and subsequent classification, aiming to improve the detection and understanding of these critical early indicators. The results show that the proposed method is able to detect subtle nuances in infant movements more effectively than the baseline method, making it a promising tool for automatic developmental monitoring.
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Iguchi, Ryogo, Shinichiro Ota, and Katsuhiro Asano. "Vibration Phenomenon of Infants by Using a Baby Carriers." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112252.
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Abstract In this study, we focused on the vibration phenomenon of infants when using baby carriers. Although several safety standards for baby carriers are available, they do not consider the physical burden caused by the vibration phenomenon of infants, which may cause excessive vibration load to infants depending on the conditions of use. The aim of this study was to clarify the vibration phenomenon of infants when using baby carriers. We conducted two measurement experiments: one was a vibration experiment using a vibration exciter and the other was a walking experiment in which participants walked at different speeds using a baby carrier and an infant dummy. In the vibration experiment, regardless of the difference between the infant dummy and baby carrier, the amplitude of acceleration on the shaker and participant, and at each measurement point between the participant and infant dummy, varied less than 0.01 mm at 1–2 Hz, indicating that the baby carrier did not amplify the vibration. However, the acceleration amplitude was amplified when the frequency band became larger than 2 Hz. In the walking experiment, the measured acceleration amplitude peaked at 1.2 Hz at 70 BPM and at 1.5 Hz at 90 BPM, confirming that it was strongly influenced by the walking cycle.
Reports on the topic "Infants"
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Horon, Isabelle, and Anne Driscoll. Homicides Among Infants in the United States, 2017—2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:129518.
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Driscoll, Anne. Maternal Characteristics and Infant Outcomes by Hispanic Subgroup and Nativity: United States, 2021. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122515.
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This report presents comparisons of maternal characteristics and infant outcomes of Hispanic women and their infants by nativity (whether they were born in or outside the United States) for all Hispanics women and for the six largest Hispanic subgroups by nativity.
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Tomova, Valentina, Diana Vlahova, Diana Diankova, Roumen Marinov, Anna T.Dasheva-Dimitrova, and Ralitsa Georgieva. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasiaassociated Pulmonary Hypertension in Premature Infants. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.07.14.
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W, Nedra, Laura B. Strange, Sara M. Kennedy, Katrina D. Burson, and Gina L. Kilpatrick. Completeness of Prenatal Records in Community Hospital Charts. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.rr.0032.1802.
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We describe the completeness of prenatal data in maternal delivery records and the prevalence of selected medical conditions and complications among patients delivering at community hospitals around Atlanta, Georgia. Medical charts for 199 maternal-infant dyads (99 infants in normal newborn nurseries and 104 infants in newborn intensive care nurseries) were identified by medical records staff at 9 hospitals and abstracted on site. Ninety-eight percent of hospital charts included prenatal records, but over 20 percent were missing results for common laboratory tests and prenatal procedures. Forty-nine percent of women had a pre-existing medical condition, 64 percent had a prenatal complication, and 63 percent had a labor or delivery complication. Missing prenatal information limits the usefulness of these records for research and may result in unnecessary tests or procedures or inappropriate medical care.
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Hodges, Leslie, Saied Toossi, Jessica E. Todd, and Cayley Ryan-Claytor. special supplemental Nutrition Program for women, infants, and children (WIC): background, trends, and economic issues. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8254669.ers.
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The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides supplementary foods, nutrition education, and referrals to healthcare and other social service agencies to low-income, nutritionally at-risk women, infants, and children up to 5 years of age. Administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service, WIC had an annual budget of $6 billion and served more than 6 million people each month in fiscal year 2022. The USDA's Economic Research Service periodically reports on research findings relevant to WIC policy and program operations, often following major changes in the program's design. This 2024 edition of the report explains how WIC works, discusses program trends, and summarizes research findings on key economic outcomes and policy issues facing the program. This report also outlines temporary changes to WIC in response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the infant formula supply chain disruptions that occurred in 2022.
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Lichter, Daniel, Scott Sanders, and Kenneth Johnson. Behind at the Starting Line: Poverty Among Hispanic Infants. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.241.
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Smith, Tyler C., Anna T. Bukowinski, Ava S. Conlin, Gia R. Gumbs, Isabel G. Jacobson, Robert J. Reed, Carter J. Sevick, Kathy J. Snell, and Margaret A. Ryan. Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry: Birth Defects Among Infants Born to US Military Families: 2001 Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada492844.
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Nelson, III, Coman Charles A., and Nicole. Defining Early Markers of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Infants With TSC. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592777.
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Ovelman, Colleen, Nila Sathe, and Melissa McPheeters. How Does Nonpharmacological Care Affect Newborn Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome? A Cochrane Review Summary With Commentary. RTI Press, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.rb.0033.2307.
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This paper summarizes the published Cochrane Review, “Non-pharmacological Care for Opioid Withdrawal in Newborns,” by A. Pahl, L. Young, M. E. Buus-Frank, L. Marcellus, and R. Soll (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013217.pub2), and discusses it through a treatment policy and practice lens. The study population in the review included infants born at term (37 weeks’ gestation or greater) and late preterm (34 weeks’ gestation to 37 weeks’ gestation) who had a known or suspected prenatal exposure to opioids or who were exhibiting symptoms consistent with opioid withdrawal in the first 7 days of life. Nonpharmacological interventions included a wide range of care and were broadly categorized as: modification of environmental stimulation, feeding practices, and support of the mother-infant dyad. The review found that randomized controlled trials, identified in searches conducted in October 2019, did not provide enough evidence regarding clinically meaningful outcomes. However, recently published trial data suggest that “Eat, Sleep, Console,” an individualized, trauma-informed, family-centered nonpharmacological approach to care, can reduce the number of days an infant experiencing symptoms consistent with opioid withdrawal requires in-hospital care.
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Dehejia, Rajeev, and Adriana Lleras-Muney. The Timing of Births: Is the Health of Infants Counter-Cyclical? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10122.
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