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Journal articles on the topic 'Infant vision'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Stephens, Benjamin R. "Infant Vision Matures." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 9 (September 1995): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/003949.

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2

Heird, William C. "Infant feeding and vision." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1120.

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3

Skelton, A. E., and A. Franklin. "Infants look longer at colours that adults like when colours are highly saturated." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01688-5.

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AbstractThe extent to which aesthetic preferences are ‘innate’ has been highly debated (Reber, Schwarz, & Winkielman, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(4), 364–382, 2004). For some types of visual stimuli infants look longer at those that adults prefer. It is unclear whether this is also the case for colour. A lack of relationship in prior studies between how long infants look at different colours and how much adults like those colours might be accounted for by stimulus limitations. For example, stimuli may have been too desaturated for infant vision. In the current study, using saturated colours more suitable for infants, we aim to quantify the relationship between infant looking and adult preference for colour. We take infant looking times at multiple hues from a study of infant colour categorization (Skelton, Catchpole, Abbott, Bosten, & Franklin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(21), 5545–5550, 2017) and then measure adult preferences and compare these to infant looking. When colours are highly saturated, infants look longer at colours that adults prefer. Both infant looking time and adult preference are greatest for blue hues and are least for green-yellow. Infant looking and adult preference can be partly summarized by activation of the blue-yellow dimension in the early encoding of human colour vision. These findings suggest that colour preference is at least partially rooted in the sensory mechanisms of colour vision, and more broadly that aesthetic judgements may in part be due to underlying sensory biases.
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4

Zemach, Iris, Susan Chang, and Davida Y. Teller. "Infant color vision: Prediction of infants’ spontaneous color preferences." Vision Research 47, no. 10 (May 2007): 1368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2006.09.024.

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5

BROWN, ANGELA M., and DELWIN T. LINDSEY. "Infant color vision and color preferences: A tribute to Davida Teller." Visual Neuroscience 30, no. 5-6 (July 24, 2013): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523813000114.

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AbstractAlmost 40 years ago, Davida Teller developed the forced-choice preferential looking method for studying infant visual capabilities and used it to study infant color vision. About 10 years ago, she used infant looking preferences to study infant color perception. Here, we examine four data sets in which the infant looking preference was measured using a wide range of saturated colors. Three of those data sets, from papers by Marc Bornstein and by Davida Teller and Anna Franklin and their respective collaborators, were fit successfully using MacLeod and Boynton’s model of the equiluminant plane in color space, in spite of the varied luminances used in those studies. A fourth data set, from a paper by Zemach, Chang, and Teller, was less well fit by that model. Apparently, infants are able to ignore luminance, and pay attention just to the color of stimuli. These results are discussed in the context of Davida Teller’s work on the philosophy of vision science.
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6

Nizami, Lance. "Too resilient for anyone’s good." Kybernetes 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2017-0451.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the observer’s role in “infant psychophysics”. Infant psychophysics was developed because the diagnosis of perceptual deficits should be done as early in a patient’s life as possible, to provide efficacious treatment and thereby reduce potential long-term costs. Infants, however, cannot report their perceptions. Hence, the intensity of a stimulus at which the infant can detect it, the “threshold”, must be inferred from the infant’s behavior, as judged by observers (watchers). But whose abilities are actually being inferred? The answer affects all behavior-based conclusions about infants’ perceptions, including the well-proselytized notion that auditory stimulus-detection thresholds improve rapidly during infancy. Design/methodology/approach In total, 55 years of infant psychophysics is scrutinized, starting with seminal studies in infant vision, followed by the studies that they inspired in infant hearing. Findings The inferred stimulus-detection thresholds are those of the infant-plus-watcher and, more broadly, the entire laboratory. The thresholds are therefore tenuous, because infants’ actions may differ with stimulus intensity; expressiveness may differ between infants; different watchers may judge infants differently; etc. Particularly, the watcher’s ability to “read” the infant may improve with the infant’s age, confounding any interpretation of perceptual maturation. Further, the infant’s gaze duration, an assumed cue to stimulus detection, may lengthen or shorten nonlinearly with infant age. Research limitations/implications Infant psychophysics investigators have neglected the role of the observer, resulting in an accumulation of data that requires substantial re-interpretation. Altogether, infant psychophysics has proven far too resilient for its own good. Originality/value Infant psychophysics is examined for the first time through second-order cybernetics. The approach reveals serious unresolved issues.
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7

Bullimore, Mark A. "Feature Issues on Infant Vision." Optometry and Vision Science 74, no. 9 (September 1997): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199709000-00001.

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8

Zemach, Iris K., and Davida Y. Teller. "Infant color vision: Infants’ spontaneous color preferences are well behaved." Vision Research 47, no. 10 (May 2007): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.02.002.

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9

PEREVERZEVA, MARIA, and DAVIDA Y. TELLER. "Infant color vision: Influence of surround chromaticity on spontaneous looking preferences." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213086.

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When infants are tested with stimuli of various chromaticities embedded in a dark or achromatic (white) surround, they show maximal preference for stimuli of maximal colorimetric purity, and minimal preference for achromatic stimuli. We investigated how this pattern of preferences changes with changes of surround chromaticity. Sixteen-week-old infants were tested in two experimental conditions. The surrounds in the first condition were red and white; and in the second condition green and white. The three test stimuli varied in colorimetric purity from white to red in the first condition, and from white to green in the second condition. A test stimulus that appeared achromatic to adults when viewed in the chromatic surround was included. Infant spontaneous looking preferences changed with changes of surround chromaticity. The changes were consistent with the conclusion that infant looking behavior is governed by a preference for the stimuli that differ maximally in purity from the surround. The implications of this pattern of results are discussed.
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10

ABRAMOV, ISRAEL, LOUISE HAINLINE, and ROBERT H. DUCKMAN. "Screening Infant Vision with Paraxial Photorefraction." Optometry and Vision Science 67, no. 7 (July 1990): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199007000-00012.

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11

Werner, John S., and B. R. Wooten. "Unsettled issues in infant color vision." Infant Behavior and Development 8, no. 1 (January 1985): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(85)80020-5.

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12

Tipene-Leach, David, and Sally Abel. "Innovation to prevent sudden infant death: the wahakura as an Indigenous vision for a safe sleep environment." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 5 (2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19033.

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The bassinet-like wahakura is an Indigenous initiative for the prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). It was developed by New Zealand Māori in 2005 when Māori were rejecting the ‘stop bedsharing’ SUDI prevention message and the SUDI disparity between Māori and non-Māori had become entrenched. Made of native flax, the wahakura was promoted as a culturally resonant, in-bed safe sleep device that would disrupt the SUDI risk associated with ‘bedsharing where there was smoking in pregnancy’ without relying on smoking cessation. A significant movement of weavers and health professionals grew around the wahakura program. A body of research, including infant care surveys, retrospective case review, qualitative enquiry and a randomised controlled trial comparing wahakura and bassinet safety demonstrated the device’s public health plausibility, acceptability to Māori women and its essential safety. This facilitated the distribution, by District Health Boards, of safe sleep devices, including a related device called the Pēpi-Pod, and safe sleep education to high-risk, mainly Māori, mothers. Infant mortality in New Zealand fell by 29%, primarily among Māori infants, over the period 2009–15, suggesting that Māori cultural concepts, traditional activities and community engagement can have a significant effect on ethnic inequities in infant mortality.
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13

Brown, Angela, Faustina Opoku, and Delwin Lindsey. "The psychophysics of newborn infant vision assessment." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.783.

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14

Dobson, Velma. "Taking Stock: Infant and Child Vision Research." Optometry and Vision Science 86, no. 6 (June 2009): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181aa0676.

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15

Bornstein, Marc H. "Human infant color vision and color perception." Infant Behavior and Development 8, no. 1 (January 1985): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(85)80021-7.

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16

Werner, John S., and B. R. Wooten. "Two perspectives on infant color vision research." Infant Behavior and Development 8, no. 1 (January 1985): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(85)80022-9.

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17

Birch, Eileen E. "Infant interocular acuity differences and binocular vision." Vision Research 25, no. 4 (January 1985): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90162-2.

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18

R. Wilson, Hugh. "Development of spatiotemporal mechanisms in infant vision." Vision Research 28, no. 5 (January 1988): 611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(88)90111-3.

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19

Hered, Robert, and Elizabeth Gyland. "The Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Examination: Ensuring a Safe and Efficient Examination While Minimizing Infant Discomfort." Neonatal Network 29, no. 3 (May 2010): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.29.3.143.

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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examinations in the NICU are necessary to protect vision in premature infants, but the examinations are associated with risk and discomfort. ROP examination risks include adverse effects from mydriatic agents, systemic responses to the stress of examination, and nosocomial infection. Infant discomfort may be lessened by limiting examination length and possibly by measures such as topical anesthetic, oral sucrose, and certain nonpharmacologic techniques. A well-organized ROP service facilitates appropriate scheduling of examinations and education of the infant’s parents. This article addresses causes of risk and infant discomfort, providing a framework for developing a safe and efficient ROP service while minimizing infant discomfort.
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20

Conrady, Christopher D., and M. Elizabeth Hartnett. "The Role of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in the Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity." US Ophthalmic Review 10, no. 01 (2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2017.10.01.57.

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Retinopathy of prematurity is a vasoproliferative disease of preterm infants and has effects on infant vision and overall development. It is increasing worldwide with advances in perinatal care. In the following manuscript, we review the pathophysiology and possible treatments. We focused on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and a few select other candidates.
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21

Chambers, Claire, Nidhi Seethapathi, Rachit Saluja, Helen Loeb, Samuel R. Pierce, Daniel K. Bogen, Laura Prosser, Michelle J. Johnson, and Konrad P. Kording. "Computer Vision to Automatically Assess Infant Neuromotor Risk." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 28, no. 11 (November 2020): 2431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2020.3029121.

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22

Teller, Davida Y. "Spatial and temporal aspects of infant color vision." Vision Research 38, no. 21 (November 1998): 3275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00468-9.

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23

Baker, Alexandra, and Susan Lipsett. "Case of an Infant with Intermittent Eye Swelling." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2021.10.54287.

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Case Presentation: An eight-week-old infant presented to the emergency department with two weeks of fluctuating swelling and erythema of her right upper eyelid. On examination, she had swelling of the right upper eyelid with ptosis and proptosis as well as a nevus simplex on the upper eyelid. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a proliferating orbital hemangioma. Discussion: Periorbital erythema and swelling are often infectious or allergic, but in infants with a fluctuating course, underlying vascular malformation must be considered. Without early provider recognition, periocular hemangiomas have the potential to cause vision-related complications.
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24

Forbes, Brian J., and Leila M. Khazaeni. "Evaluation and Management of an Infant With Poor Vision." Pediatric Case Reviews 3, no. 3 (July 2003): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pca.0000074022.49676.ce.

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25

Lappin, Grace, and Robert E. Kretschmer. "Applying Infant Massage Practices: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 99, no. 6 (June 2005): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0509900605.

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This study explored the dynamic interaction between a mother and her 11-month-old visually impaired infant before and after the mother was taught infant massage. After the mother learned infant massage, she had more appropriate physical contact with her infant, engaged with him within his field of vision, directly vocalized to him, and had a greater ability to read his cues; the infant's interactions were reciprocal and reflected more-secure attachment, and the infant demonstrated beginning awareness of self and space.
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26

Vinekar, Anand, Shwetha Mangalesh, Chaitra Jayadev, Ramiro S. Maldonado, Noel Bauer, and Cynthia A. Toth. "Retinal Imaging of Infants on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/782420.

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Spectral domain coherence tomography (SD OCT) has become an important tool in the management of pediatric retinal diseases. It is a noncontact imaging device that provides detailed assessment of the microanatomy and pathology of the infant retina with a short acquisition time allowing office examination without the requirement of anesthesia. Our understanding of the development and maturation of the infant fovea has been enhanced by SD OCT allowing an in vivo assessment that correlates with histopathology. This has helped us understand the critical correlation of foveal development with visual potential in the first year of life and beyond. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the clinical applications of SD OCT in studying the pathoanatomy of the infant macula, its ability to detect subclinical features, and its correlation with disease and vision. Retinopathy of prematurity and macular edema have been discussed in detail. The review also summarizes the current status of SD OCT in other infant retinal conditions, imaging the optic nerve, the choroid, and the retinal nerve fibre in infants and children, and suggests future areas of research.
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27

Zhang, Bin, Earl L. Smith, and Yuzo M. Chino. "Postnatal Development of Onset Transient Responses in Macaque V1 and V2 Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 3 (September 2008): 1476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90446.2008.

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Vision of newborn infants is limited by immaturities in their visual brain. In adult primates, the transient onset discharges of visual cortical neurons are thought to be intimately involved with capturing the rapid succession of brief images in visual scenes. Here we sought to determine the responsiveness and quality of transient responses in individual neurons of the primary visual cortex (V1) and visual area 2 (V2) of infant monkeys. We show that the transient component of neuronal firing to 640-ms stationary gratings was as robust and as reliable as in adults only 2 wk after birth, whereas the sustained component was more sluggish in infants than in adults. Thus the cortical circuitry supporting onset transient responses is functionally mature near birth, and our findings predict that neonates, known for their “impoverished vision,” are capable of initiating relatively mature fixating eye movements and of performing in detection of simple objects far better than traditionally thought.
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28

Dobson, Velma, T. Rowan Candy, E. Eugenie Hartmann, D. Luisa Mayer, Joseph M. Miller, and Graham E. Quinn. "Infant and Child Vision Research: Present Status and Future Directions." Optometry and Vision Science 86, no. 6 (June 2009): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181aa06d5.

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29

ADAMS, RUSSELL J., MARY L. COURAGE, and MICHELLE GLYNN. "A Modified Card Procedure for Measuring Human Infant Color Vision." Optometry and Vision Science 75, no. 8 (August 1998): 623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199808000-00029.

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30

Norsanti, Norsanti, Fatimah Ayu Ningsih, and Fatimah Ayu Ningsih. "ASPEK-ASPEK DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KESEHATAN IBU, BAYI BARU LAHIR, BAYI, DAN ANAK BALITA PADA DESA CEMPAKA KECAMATAN AMUNTAI SELATAN KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA." AS-SIYASAH: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/as.v3i1.1929.

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The vision of the health development in the future is "Indonesia sehat (Healthy Indonesia)". Problems related to the implementation of the local law of KIBBLA in the village of Cempaka South Amuntai subdistrict is that many cases of labor process is not performed in health facilities, poor mother and infant health. One of the efforts of the Local Government regency of Hulu Sungai Utara to decrease maternal and infant mortality cases and to ensure the health of mothers, infants and children under five is to make a policy through the regulation regency of Hulu Sungai Utara number 3 in 2014 that regulate the health of mothers, newborns, Infants and toddlers (KIBBLA). Problems related to the implementation of the local law of KIBBLA in the village of Cempaka South Amuntai subdistrict is that many cases of labor process is not performed in health facilities, poor mother and infant health. Result of the research showed that implementation of Perda KIBBLA in the village of Cempaka in some aspects is already good, seen from communication, staff, and commitment. However, from several points also need improvements in order to support the implementation of Perda KIBBLA, such as polindes / puskesdes and also SOPs (Standard Operating Procedure).
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31

Schlesinger, Matthew. "Reexamining visual cognition in human infants: On the necessity of representation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (October 2001): 1003–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01560112.

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The sensorimotor account of vision proposed by O'Regan & Noë (O&N) challenges the classical view of visual cognition as a process of mentally representing the world. Many infant cognition researchers would probably disagree. I describe the surprising ability of young infants to represent and reason about the physical world, and ask how this capacity can be explained in non-representational terms. As a first step toward answering this question, I suggest that recent models of embodied cognition may help illustrate a way of escaping the representational trap.
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32

Teller, Davida Y., and John Palmer. "Infant color vision: Motion nulls for red/green vs luminance-modulated stimuli in infants and adults." Vision Research 36, no. 7 (April 1996): 955–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)00170-0.

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33

Skelton, Alice E., Gemma Catchpole, Joshua T. Abbott, Jenny M. Bosten, and Anna Franklin. "Biological origins of color categorization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 21 (May 8, 2017): 5545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612881114.

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The biological basis of the commonality in color lexicons across languages has been hotly debated for decades. Prior evidence that infants categorize color could provide support for the hypothesis that color categorization systems are not purely constructed by communication and culture. Here, we investigate the relationship between infants’ categorization of color and the commonality across color lexicons, and the potential biological origin of infant color categories. We systematically mapped infants’ categorical recognition memory for hue onto a stimulus array used previously to document the color lexicons of 110 nonindustrialized languages. Following familiarization to a given hue, infants’ response to a novel hue indicated that their recognition memory parses the hue continuum into red, yellow, green, blue, and purple categories. Infants’ categorical distinctions aligned with common distinctions in color lexicons and are organized around hues that are commonly central to lexical categories across languages. The boundaries between infants’ categorical distinctions also aligned, relative to the adaptation point, with the cardinal axes that describe the early stages of color representation in retinogeniculate pathways, indicating that infant color categorization may be partly organized by biological mechanisms of color vision. The findings suggest that color categorization in language and thought is partially biologically constrained and have implications for broader debate on how biology, culture, and communication interact in human cognition.
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34

Lange-Küttner, Chris. "Disappearance of Biased Visual Attention in Infants: Remediated Tonic Neck Reflex or Maturating Visual Asymmetry?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 5 (July 17, 2018): 839–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518786131.

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Typically, infants younger than four months fail to attend to the left side of their spatial field, most likely due to an innate asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR). In a critical transition, by four months of age, infants begin to reach and develop depth perception; and, by five months, they tend to monitor the entire spatial field. However, this developmental transition can be delayed. Moreover, there is always a residual right-sided spatial bias under cognitive load, a phenomenon that may also occur among adult stroke patients. While causative factors of biased visual attention in both infants and brain-injured adults may vary, mechanisms of remediation may be similar. This literature review addresses whether the infant’s emergence of attention toward a full visual spatial field and the associated shift from monocular to binocular vision occurs because of (a) increased left side reaching, loosening the rarely mentioned high muscle tension ATNR or (b) maturational resolution of visual asymmetry in motion perception. More research is needed to investigate the origins of the infants’ visual control system and factors involved in its development, especially because Alzheimer and dementia patients may also show primitive two-dimensional vision and deficits in perceiving objects-in-motion that seem to mirror infant visual perception.
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35

Kao, Chieh, and Yang Zhang. "Magnetic Source Imaging and Infant MEG: Current Trends and Technical Advances." Brain Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080181.

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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is known for its temporal precision and good spatial resolution in cognitive brain research. Nonetheless, it is still rarely used in developmental research, and its role in developmental cognitive neuroscience is not adequately addressed. The current review focuses on the source analysis of MEG measurement and its potential to answer critical questions on neural activation origins and patterns underlying infants’ early cognitive experience. The advantages of MEG source localization are discussed in comparison with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), two leading imaging tools for studying cognition across age. Challenges of the current MEG experimental protocols are highlighted, including measurement and data processing, which could potentially be resolved by developing and improving both software and hardware. A selection of infant MEG research in auditory, speech, vision, motor, sleep, cross-modality, and clinical application is then summarized and discussed with a focus on the source localization analyses. Based on the literature review and the advancements of the infant MEG systems and source analysis software, typical practices of infant MEG data collection and analysis are summarized as the basis for future developmental cognitive research.
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36

Gallacher, Jo. "Moorfields showcases radical research techniques." Optician 2016, no. 11 (November 2016): 148120–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2016.11.148120.

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37

Sokolover, N., M. Phillip, L. Sirota, A. Potruch, N. Kiryati, G. Klinger, and P. Merlob. "A novel technique for infant length measurement based on stereoscopic vision." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no. 7 (February 17, 2014): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-304291.

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38

Koser, Mark. "The Association of Vision-Threatening Ocular Injury With Infant Walker Use." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 149, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170240093016.

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39

Sirotnak, Andrew. "The Association of Vision-Threatening Ocular Injury With Infant Walker Use." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 150, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170310086022.

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40

Swanson, William H., and Eileen E. Birch. "Infant spatiotemporal vision: Dependence of spatial contrast sensitivity on temporal frequency." Vision Research 30, no. 7 (January 1990): 1033–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(90)90113-y.

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41

Skedros, Demetrios G., Ralph D. Siewers, Kenny H. Chan, and Arthur B. Atlas. "Rigid Bronchoscopy Balloon Catheter Dilation for Bronchial Stenosis in Infants." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 102, no. 4 (April 1993): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200404.

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Stenosis of the tracheobronchial tree can be a life-threatening problem. Management options for symptomatic stenosis include serial dilation, cryotherapy, laser resection, and open surgical correction. Recently, balloon angioplasty catheters have been used to dilate stenotic airway segments. The experience in infants is limited and has for the most part utilized guide wires and fluoroscopy for balloon placement. We present two infants with symptomatic bronchial stenosis who underwent endoscopic angioplasty balloon catheter dilation. Operative technique involved catheter placement under direct vision with a rigid bronchoscope. Catheters (6F) with 8-mm-diameter balloons were used. Balloon expansion was controlled with a hand-held manometer. Both infants demonstrated significant lumen size improvement intraoperatively and marked clinical improvement postoperatively, substantiated by endoscopy and radiographs. One infant has required one repeat dilation and has subsequently been asymptomatic. The other infant has had no further respiratory problems. Our technique, using a rigid bronchoscope with direct visualization of catheter placement, obviates the need for guide wires and C-arm fluoroscopy as previously described. Endoscopic placement enables direct visualization of balloon position, and fine adjustments are possible if further dilation is necessary. Rigid bronchoscopic balloon catheter dilation can be a successful technique for bronchial stenosis and should be considered prior to attempting more invasive surgical correction.
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42

Shouchane-Blum, Karny, Iftach Yassur, Amir Sternfeld, Miriam Regev, Orly Gal-Or, Liora Kornreich, Rita Ehrlich, and Miriam Ehrenberg. "Orbital Lymphatic-Venous Malformation Accompanied by an Intraocular Vascular Malformation: A Rare Case Study." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 12, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515272.

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Lymphatic-venous malformations (LVMs) are development defects that result in abnormal connections between the lymphatic and venous systems. The authors describe a 7-weeks-old female infant who presented with a right orbital LVM extending to the ipsilateral cheek and subconjunctiva of the right eye, intracranial developmental venous anomalies in the right cerebellum, and a significant right eye intraocular retinal vascular malformation. Since orbital LVM is usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood, pediatric ophthalmologists should actively look for intraocular vascular malformations as such findings can poorly affect a patient’s vision.
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43

Corbetta, Daniela, Rebecca F. Wiener, Sabrina L. Thurman, and Emalie McMahon. "The Embodied Origins of Infant Reaching: Implications for the Emergence of Eye-Hand Coordination." Kinesiology Review 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2017-0052.

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This article reviews the literature on infant reaching, from past to present, to recount how our understanding of the emergence and development of this early goal-directed behavior has changed over the decades. We show that the still widely-accepted view, which considers the emergence and development of infant reaching as occurring primarily under the control of vision, is no longer sustainable. Increasing evidence suggests that the developmental origins of infant reaching is embodied. We discuss the implications of this alternative view for the development of eye-hand coordination and we propose a new scenario stressing the importance of the infant body-centered sensorimotor experiences in the months prior to the emergence of reaching as a possible critical step for the formation of eye-hand coordination.
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44

PHELPS, DALE L. "What Does the Cryotherapy Preliminary Report Mean?" Pediatrics 81, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 884–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.81.6.884.

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The dispassionate numbers in the preliminary report of the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP)1 fail to convey the excitement I feel as a physician who now, for the first time, has a tested intervention to offer the infant with serious retinopathy of prematurity. Infants with retinopathy of prematurity at the study's threshold of severity have a 43% incidence of an unfavorable outcome in that eye, eg, retinal detachment or a fold across the macula. Either of these outcomes means severely reduced vision for life. Cryotherapy reduces the chances of an unfavorable outcome to 22%. The preliminary report, however, has left many questions unanswered.
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45

Cemali, Mustafa, Serkan Pekçetin, and Esra Akı. "The Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Interventions on Motor and Sensory Functions in Infants with Cortical Vision Impairment and Cerebral Palsy: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Trial." Children 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081123.

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Cortical vision impairment (CVI) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) lead to decrement in sensory and motor functions of infants. The current study examined the effectiveness of sensory integration interventions on sensory, motor, and oculomotor skills in infants with cortical vision impairment. Thirty-four infants with and CP aged 12–18 months were enrolled to the study. The infants were randomly divided into two groups as the control and intervention groups. The intervention group took sensory integration intervention 2 days a week for 8 weeks in addition to conventional physiotherapy 2 days a week for 8 weeks. The control group only received the conventional physiotherapy program 2 days a week for 8 weeks. The duration of the treatment sessions were 45 min for both interventions. Before and after the intervention, sensory processing functions were evaluated with the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI), and motor functions were evaluated with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test mean TSFI total and AIMS scores in the intervention group and control group (p < 0.001). The intervention group mean TSFI scores were more statistically significant than the those of the control group. Mean post-intervention AIMS scores did not differ between groups. Sensory integration intervention delivered with the conventional physiotherapy program was more effective than the conventional physiotherapy program in increasing sensory processing skills in one measure in infants with CVI and CP.
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46

Rajeshwari, N., and A. Savitha. "Orbital cellulitis: early intervention saves vision." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20195582.

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Orbital cellulitis describes an infection involving the soft tissues posterior to the orbital septum including the fat and muscle within the bony orbit. This condition is associated with severe sight and life-threatening complications. Distinguishing it from preseptal cellulitis is difficult, but important. Acute sinusitis is the commonest predisposing factor. Clinical findings alone are not specific enough to distinguish between preseptal and post septal orbital cellulitis. Early diagnosis using CT orbit is important to rule out complications such as orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess. The most common location of subperiosteal abscess is the medial wall of the orbit. Transnasal endoscopic drainage of the abscess is a functional and minimally invasive technique and is the treatment of choice at present. Early diagnosis and intervention are mandatory to prevent the visual loss and life-threatening complication.Here, the authors describe a 2 months old infant with orbital cellulitis and medial subperiosteal abscess and treated with transnasal endoscopic drainage of the subperiosteal abscess.
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Fox, William T. R. "E. H. Carr and political realism: vision and revision." Review of International Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500114330.

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With undue and perhaps false modesty, E. H. Carr described his brilliant contribution to what he called ‘the infant science of international polities’, The Twenty Years’ Crisis 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, as ‘already a period piece’ in 1946 when a second edition appeared.1 Teachers of the subject have not accepted Carr's ‘period piece’ characterization. For more than forty years it has been prescribed reading for many of their students and has had to be reprinted many times.
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Murgan, Nevani, and Beate Harrison. "Interesting presentation of postnatal depression and infant failure to thrive." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 4 (April 2022): e249205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249205.

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This case report is of a woman in her 30s, 10 months post partum who was referred to Mother Baby Unit at a tertiary hospital with depressive symptoms including lowered mood, reduced self-care and motivation despite initiation of escitalopram 3 months earlier. In addition, her infant had non-organic failure to thrive mediated by decreased feeding and non-initiation of solids. On admission, her cognitive difficulties, blurred vision and reported loss of smell led to further neurological assessment and investigation with an MRI. Diagnosis of a frontal meningioma was made on the basis of the MRI finding of a 7 cm meningioma in the anterior cranial fossa. Surgical removal was successful which led to resolution of her depressive symptoms and improved parenting functioning. This case highlights the importance of considering organic causes of depression and non-organic causes of failure to thrive in infants.
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49

Gupta, Sonal. "Paperless Society - From Vision to Fulfillment." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2015/3034.

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Every year thousands of trees are ruthlessly felled all over the world just to satisfy man's never ending greed! In the present time environmental degradation has emerged as a major global concern for human survival. The situation is getting alarming day-by-day. Pulp and paper production, consumption and disposal have many negative environmental and social effects. Therefore, Going for Paperless Society is the need of today for conservation of natural environment. 21<sup>st</sup> Century is the Digital Age. The revolutionary potential of electronic revolution promises to transform economic and environmental gains. The present paper is an attempt to draw kind attention towards relevance of Paperless Society and highlights the potential of Computers, Information Technology&amp;Networking for resolving natural environment issues to some extent. Apart from various initiatives taken up at all levels, "The Green Movement" is still in its infant stage. By making responsible choices and by joining hands together we would certainly be able to fulfill our vision of "Paper less Society".
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Cai, Amanda, Courtney Kramer, Rani Bandisode, and Valerian L. Fernandes. "Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in an 8-Month-Old Infant for Ostial Stenosis of a Reimplanted Left Main Coronary Artery." Case Reports in Cardiology 2018 (November 8, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2512406.

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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a routine procedure undertaken in adult patients. In children, the procedure remains rare and challenging due to a multitude of factors including but not limited to complex congenital heart disease anatomy, catheter and stent to patient size mismatch, and lack of data for post-PCI antiplatelet therapy. We present a case of PCI in an 8-month-old infant with anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) who developed severe ostial kinking of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) after surgical reimplantation of the anomalous coronary. A 3.5 × 8 mm Vision bare metal stent was successfully placed into the LMCA and postdilated with excellent results. Follow-up echocardiography at 6 months post-PCI demonstrated a patent stent with normal Doppler flow signals. Despite initial success, the infant developed severe heart failure and was listed for orthotopic heart transplantation at age 20 months, one year after PCI. Given the paucity of published data regarding PCI and outcomes in infants with ALCAPA after surgical reimplantation, we describe our case and present a review of the available literature.
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