Relevant bibliographies by topics / Infant brain

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Infant brain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Infant brain"

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Endevelt-Shapira, Yaara, and Ruth Feldman. "Mother–Infant Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Patterns Reflect Caregiving Profiles." Biology 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020284.

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Biobehavioral synchrony, the coordination of physiological and behavioral signals between mother and infant during social contact, tunes the child’s brain to the social world. Probing this mechanism from a two-brain perspective, we examine the associations between patterns of mother–infant inter-brain synchrony and the two well-studied maternal behavioral orientations—sensitivity and intrusiveness—which have repeatedly been shown to predict positive and negative socio-emotional outcomes, respectively. Using dual-electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, we measure inter-brain connectivity between 60 mothers and their 5- to 12-month-old infants during face-to-face interaction. Thirty inter-brain connections show significantly higher correlations during the real mother–infant face-to-face interaction compared to surrogate data. Brain–behavior correlations indicate that higher maternal sensitivity linked with greater mother–infant neural synchrony, whereas higher maternal intrusiveness is associated with lower inter-brain coordination. Post hoc analysis reveals that the mother-right-frontal–infant-left-temporal connection is particularly sensitive to the mother’s sensitive style, while the mother-left-frontal–infant-right-temporal connection indexes the intrusive style. Our results support the perspective that inter-brain synchrony is a mechanism by which mature brains externally regulate immature brains to social living and suggest that one pathway by which sensitivity and intrusiveness exert their long-term effect may relate to the provision of coordinated inputs to the social brain during its sensitive period of maturation.
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Bader, Lisa. "Brain-Oriented Care in the NICU: A Case Study." Neonatal Network 33, no. 5 (2014): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.33.5.263.

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With the advances of technology and treatment in the field of neonatal care, researchers can now study how the brains of preterm infants are different from full-term infants. The differences are significant, and the outcomes are poor overall for premature infants as a whole. Caregivers at the bedside must know that every interaction with the preterm infant affects brain development—it is critical to the developmental outcome of the infant. The idea of neuroprotection is not new to the medical field but is a fairly new idea to the NICU. Neuroprotection encompasses all interventions that promote normal development of the brain. The concept of brain-oriented care is a necessary extension of developmental care in the NICU. By following the journey of 26-week preterm twin infants through a case study, one can better understand the necessity of brain-oriented care at the bedside.
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DAWSON, GERALDINE, KARIN FREY, JOANNA SELF, HERACLES PANAGIOTIDES, DAVID HESSL, EMILY YAMADA, and JULIE RINALDI. "Frontal brain electrical activity in infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers: Relation to variations in infant behavior." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002229.

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In previous studies, infants of depressed mothers have been found to exhibit reduced left frontal brain electrical activity (EEG). The left frontal region has been hypothesized to mediate social approach behaviors and positive affective expression. These findings raise important questions about the cause and nature of atypical EEG patterns in infants of depressed mothers. The present study begins to address some of these questions by examining whether or not variations in patterns of frontal brain activity in infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers are related to variations in infant behavior as observed in naturalistic situations. If such relations exist, are they specific to certain behaviors hypothesized to be mediated by the frontal region (i.e., positive approach behaviors)? Frontal and parietal brain electrical activity was recorded from 14- to 15-month old infants of depressed versus nondepressed mothers during a baseline condition and during conditions designed to elicit interest and positive affect. Infant behavior was observed in naturalistic play conditions, with and without mother, on a separate day from EEG testing. Mothers provided information on infant temperament. Infants of depressed mothers showed less affection and touching of their mothers. For infants of depressed mothers only, reduced left frontal brain activity was found to be related to lower levels of affection toward mother, but not to infant temperament. Furthermore, increased generalized frontal activation was found to be related to higher levels of negative affect, hostility, and tantrums and aggression. Relations between infant brain activity and behavior were not found for parietal EEG activity. These results suggest that infant frontal electrical brain activity is related to variations in infant behavior, especially those involved in positive affiliative behavior and the expression and regulation of negative affect. The nature and cause of atypical patterns of brain activity and question of whether such atypical patterns of frontal brain activity predispose infants to affective disorders in later life are discussed.
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Su, Miya, Arvind K. Subbaraj, Karl Fraser, Xiaoyan Qi, Hongxin Jia, Wenliang Chen, Mariza Gomes Reis, et al. "Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula." Metabolites 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253.

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Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids was significantly higher in brains of rats fed human milk. Lipid species mainly comprising saturated or mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids contributed significantly higher percentages to their respective classes in human milk compared to infant formula fed samples. In contrast, PUFAs contributed significantly higher percentages in brains of formula fed samples. Differences between human milk and formula lipids included minor fatty acids such as C8:0 and C12:0, which were higher in formula, and C16:1 and C18:1 n11, which were higher in human milk. Formula also contained higher levels of low- to medium-carbon triacylglycerols, whereas human milk had higher levels of high-carbon triacylglycerols. All phospholipid classes, and ceramides, were higher in formula. We show that brain lipid composition differs in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula, but dietary lipid compositions do not necessarily manifest in the brain lipidome.
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Stark, Eloise A., Joana Cabral, Madelon M. E. Riem, Marinus H. Van IJzendoorn, Alan Stein, and Morten L. Kringelbach. "The Power of Smiling: The Adult Brain Networks Underlying Learned Infant Emotionality." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 2019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz219.

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Abstract The perception of infant emotionality, one aspect of temperament, starts to form in infancy, yet the underlying mechanisms of how infant emotionality affects adult neural dynamics remain unclear. We used a social reward task with probabilistic visual and auditory feedback (infant laughter or crying) to train 47 nulliparous women to perceive the emotional style of six different infants. Using functional neuroimaging, we subsequently measured brain activity while participants were tested on the learned emotionality of the six infants. We characterized the elicited patterns of dynamic functional brain connectivity using Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis and found significant activity in a brain network linking the orbitofrontal cortex with the amygdala and hippocampus, where the probability of occurrence significantly correlated with the valence of the learned infant emotional disposition. In other words, seeing infants with neutral face expressions after having interacted and learned their various degrees of positive and negative emotional dispositions proportionally increased the activity in a brain network previously shown to be involved in pleasure, emotion, and memory. These findings provide novel neuroimaging insights into how the perception of happy versus sad infant emotionality shapes adult brain networks.
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King, Regan, Selma Low, Nancy Gee, Roger Wood, Bonny Hadweh, Joanne Houghton, and Lara M. Leijser. "Practical Stepwise Approach to Performing Neonatal Brain MR Imaging in the Research Setting." Children 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10111759.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that is commonly used for the visualization of newborn infant brains, both for clinical and research purposes. One of the main challenges with scanning newborn infants, particularly when scanning without sedation in a research setting, is movement. Infant movement can affect MR image quality and therewith reliable image assessment and advanced image analysis. Applying a systematic, stepwise approach to MR scanning during the neonatal period, including the use of the feed-and-bundle technique, is effective in reducing infant motion and ensuring high-quality images. We provide recommendations for one such systematic approach, including the step-by-step preparation and infant immobilization, and highlight safety precautions to minimize any potential risks. The recommendations are primarily focused on scanning newborn infants for research purposes but may be used successfully for clinical purposes as well, granted the infant is medically stable. Using the stepwise approach in our local research setting, our success rate of acquiring high-quality, analyzable infant brain MR images during the neonatal period is as high as 91%.
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Morton, Sarah U., Rutvi Vyas, Borjan Gagoski, Catherine Vu, Jonathan Litt, Ryan J. Larsen, Matthew J. Kuchan, et al. "Maternal Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Correlates Positively with Regional Brain Volumes in 1-Month-Old Term Infants." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 2057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz222.

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Abstract Maternal nutrition is an important factor for infant neurodevelopment. However, prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on maternal nutrients and infant brain have focused mostly on preterm infants or on few specific nutrients and few specific brain regions. We present a first study in term-born infants, comprehensively correlating 73 maternal nutrients with infant brain morphometry at the regional (61 regions) and voxel (over 300 000 voxel) levels. Both maternal nutrition intake diaries and infant MRI were collected at 1 month of life (0.9 ± 0.5 months) for 92 term-born infants (among them, 54 infants were purely breastfed and 19 were breastfed most of the time). Intake of nutrients was assessed via standardized food frequency questionnaire. No nutrient was significantly correlated with any of the volumes of the 61 autosegmented brain regions. However, increased volumes within subregions of the frontal cortex and corpus callosum at the voxel level were positively correlated with maternal intake of omega-3 fatty acids, retinol (vitamin A) and vitamin B12, both with and without correction for postmenstrual age and sex (P < 0.05, q < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction). Omega-3 fatty acids remained significantly correlated with infant brain volumes after subsetting to the 54 infants who were exclusively breastfed, but retinol and vitamin B12 did not. This provides an impetus for future larger studies to better characterize the effect size of dietary variation and correlation with neurodevelopmental outcomes, which can lead to improved nutritional guidance during pregnancy and lactation.
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Fillmore, Paul T., John E. Richards, Michelle C. Phillips-Meek, Alison Cryer, and Michael Stevens. "Stereotaxic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Atlases for Infants from 3 to 12 Months." Developmental Neuroscience 37, no. 6 (2015): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438749.

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Background: Accurate labeling of brain structures within an individual or group is a key issue in neuroimaging. Methods for labeling infant brains have depended on the labels done on adult brains or average magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) templates based on adult brains. However, the features of adult brains differ in several ways from infant brains, so the creation of a labeled stereotaxic atlas based on infants would be helpful. The current work builds on the recent creation of age-appropriate average MRI templates during the first year (3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, and 12 months) by creating anatomical label sets for each template. Methods: We created stereotaxic atlases for the age-specific average MRI templates. Manual delineation of cortical and subcortical areas was done on the average templates based on infants during the first year. We also applied a procedure for automatic computation of macroanatomical atlases for individual infant participants using two manually segmented adult atlases (Hammers, LONI Probabilistic Brain Atlas-LPBA40). To evaluate our methods, we did manual delineation of several cortical areas on selected individuals from each age. Linear and nonlinear registration of the individual and average template was used to transform the average atlas into the individual participant's space, and the average-transformed atlas was compared to the individual manually delineated brain areas. We also applied these methods to an external data set - not used in the atlas creation - to test generalizability of the atlases. Results: Age-appropriate manual atlases were the best fit to the individual manually delineated regions, with more error seen at greater age discrepancy. There was a close fit between the manually delineated and the automatically labeled regions for individual participants and for the age-appropriate template-based atlas transformed into participant space. There was close correspondence between automatic labeling of individual brain regions and those from the age-appropriate template. These relationships held even when tested on an external set of images. Conclusion: We have created age-appropriate labeled templates for use in the study of infant development at 6 ages (3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, and 12 months). Comparison with manual methods was quite good. We developed three stereotaxic atlases (one manual, two automatic) for each infant age, which should allow more fine-grained analysis of brain structure for these populations than was previously possible with existing tools. The template-based atlases constructed in the current study are available online (http://jerlab.psych.sc.edu/NeurodevelopmentalMRIDatabase).
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Geyer, J. Russell. "Infant Brain Tumors." Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-3680(18)30626-0.

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Swain, James E., and S. Shaun Ho. "Baby smile response circuits of the parental brain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 6 (December 2010): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001615.

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AbstractThe parent-infant dyad, characterized by contingent social interactions that develop over the first three months postpartum, may depend heavily on parental brain responses to the infant, including the capacity to smile. A range of brain regions may subserve this social key function in parents and contribute to similar capacities in normal infants, capacities that may go awry in circumstances of reduced care.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infant brain"

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Slater, Rebeccah Louise Elizabeth Ann. "Cortical pain processing in the infant brain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445109/.

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Premature infants are exposed to multiple invasive procedures as part of their essential medical care. It is not known, however, if nociceptive information is processed by the cortex at this age. The fundamental question to be addressed by this thesis is whether premature infants display cortical responses to noxious stimulation. This thesis describes a series of studies where the question of cortical pain processing is addressed by directly measuring cortical responses to noxious stimulation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). The NIRS results show that, following an acute noxious event, the contralateral somatosensory cortex is functionally activated in infants from 25 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Awake infants have a larger cortical response than asleep infants and, in the awake group, the size of the response increases with PMA. The magnitude of the haemodynamic response correlates with pain scores calculated using the premature infant pain profile (PIPP), although infants who do not display a change in facial expression can still process noxious stimuli at the cortical level. Latency to response is longest in the youngest infants using either the haemodynamic response or change in facial expression as an output measure. The underlying pain-related neuronal activity in the cortex has been investigated using EEG. Nociceptive-specific event related potentials have been observed in infants from 31-42 weeks PMA, with a recognisable N-P complex visible in the contralateral somatosensory cortex in 82% of studies. Noxious stimulation can evoke specific patterns of neural activity within the cortex of preterm and term infants that can be observed on a single-trial basis. The studies represent the first measurements of cortical activation in the immature preterm cortex following a noxious event. The fact that noxious information is transmitted to higher levels of the central nervous system highlights the importance of developing a systematic approach to reduce pain and improve analgesic strategies in this vulnerable population.
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Goksan, Sezgi. "Imaging nociceptive brain activity in the newborn infant." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea4d49fc-cf7e-4775-bb82-ddb3385cc2d9.

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In this thesis electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are used to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of noxious-evoked brain activity in newborn infants. EEG was used to investigate responses to graded intensities of experimental noxious stimulation, and evoked brain activity was compared with behavioural and spinal cord activity constituting common surrogate measures of pain in infants. Nociceptive-specific brain activity was elicited in response to all forces of experimental noxious stimulation (applied forces: 32 - 128 mN). In addition, the magnitude of the noxious-evoked response was positively correlated with the magnitude of reflex leg withdrawal, and this relationship was observed in the absence of changes in facial expression. As fMRI had not previously been used to investigate nociceptive processing in infants at 3 Tesla, initial experiments were conducted to optimise the acquisition parameters. The results from optimisation showed that an echo time of approximately 50 ms should be used in future fMRI studies in infants. Experiments conducted alongside this optimisation used fMRI to investigate the cortical and subcortical structures activated by experimental noxious stimulation (applied forces: 32 - 128 mN) in newborn infants (0 - 11 days old). This was compared with noxious-evoked brain activity in adults (applied forces: 32 - 512 mN). Experimental noxious stimulation evoked a widespread pattern of brain activity in newborn infants that overlapped with the network of brain regions activated by nociceptive processing in adults.
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Ambrose, Natalie Lauren. "Cell Death and Microglia in the Developing Brain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26157.

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Introduction: Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is the leading cause of post-neonatal death in the developed world. SUDI has been sub-categorised into explained causes, such as motor vehicle accidents, drowning and known illness (eSUDI); or unexplained causes, which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and undetermined causes of death. SIDS by definition is a diagnosis of exclusion, with the pathogenesis currently elusive with no clear pathological defining features. It has been shown that SIDS infants have multiple abnormalities within brainstem regions crucial to cardio-respiratory control with this proposed to contribute to their premature death, however the linking pathway(s) are yet to be identified. Thus, investigation of the neuropathological changes remains a critical pillar of SIDS research. Notably, increased cell death, beyond that required in normal physiological development, has been implicated in SIDS, with amassing evidence in the literature of apoptotic cell death in regions of the SIDS brain, most notably in the brainstem and hippocampus. To build upon this, this thesis aimed to extend the scope of brain regions examined in the context of cell death in eSUDI and SIDS cases. Furthermore, this thesis also focused on a new cell type of interest in SUDI, being microglia. The role of microglia in the context of central nervous system insult and disease is a rapidly evolving field of neuropathological research, however, to date, literature in the infant brain is limited (reviewed section 2.4.4). Overall, this thesis aimed to: firstly, examine the methods of classifying unexplained SUDI cases to standardise our dataset. Secondly, to investigate cell death marker expression, cell stress and apoptotic pathways, and microglia populations in the developing human brain, specifically to (i) identify variability amongst brain regions, (ii) variability between SUDI sub-groups, and (iii) the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Finally, to investigate the effects of intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia and nicotine exposure (two leading risk factor models of SIDS) in the developing piglet brain. Methods: Both human (Chapters 3-6) and piglet (Chapter 7) brain tissue samples were utilised for this thesis. The primary method used was immunohistochemistry, with the distribution of cell death (active caspase-9, active caspase-3, TUNEL) and microglia (ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1), cluster of differentiation factor 68 (CD68) and human leukocyte antigen clone DR-DP-DQ (HLA)) marker expression explored amongst a broad range of brain regions. Human brain tissue was also investigated using a commercially available Cell Stress and Apoptosis Signalling Antibody Array to investigate 18 promoter, executioner, inhibitor and regulator proteins of the cell stress and apoptosis cascade. Results: Of the SUDI cases collected 2008-2012, there was a high level of variation in the diagnostic classification of SIDS and undetermined, thus necessitating the convening of an expert panel to apply a standardised classification of unexplained SUDI, SIDS and its subgroups (Chapter 3). On examining the neurological tissue, regional heterogeneity in all cell death and microglia markers was observed within the developing infant brain. During the first year of life, less than 20% of all neurons are undergoing physiological apoptosis (Chapter 4), and microglia occupy less than 5% of the total area (Chapter 6) in any given brain region. Changes in SIDS brain tissue were region dependent, with the brainstem and amygdala identified as regions of interest in the context of cell death (Chapter 4); the temporal cortex in the context of promoters of cell stress and apoptosis (Chapter 5); and the hippocampus in regards to changes in microglial populations (Chapter 6). Changes predominated in SIDS II suggesting the observations are influenced by confounding risk factors. In the piglet brain, continuous nicotine exposure was not associated with any changes in microglia, however acute/sub-acute IHH mediated region-dependent changes, particularly in the hippocampus (Chapter 7). Conclusion: The neuropathological findings from this work highlight that cell death and microglia markers are heterogeneously expressed in regions of the postnatal developing brain. Region-specific changes in the SIDS brain also have potential links to extrinsic stimuli, based on the findings in the piglet model. The brainstem, amygdala and broader temporal cortex are regions of interest in the context of SIDS and cell death, while the hippocampus is a region of interest in the context of microglia. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of microglial and cell death distribution and markers in the SIDS brain, contributing to our understanding of region-unique vulnerabilities. The results suggest new brain regions, and new markers of cell stress and apoptotic pathways, that can be targeted in future studies of the pathogenesis of SIDS.
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Williams, G. R. "Mapping touch and nociception in the human infant brain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1398507/.

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Infants often experience clinically-essential painful procedures. The aim of this thesis was to measure, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), activation patterns in the infant brain in response to noxious and non-noxious cutaneous stimulation. Using fMRI we assessed somatosensory and nociceptive circuitry in infants undergoing brush, three forces of von Frey, or pinprick stimulation of the foot. First we established optimum parameters and protocols specific for this study. Next, we characterised brain activity and somatotopy, and then considered modulation of activity related to stimulus intensity, stimulus modality, clinically-required sedation, age, and clinical background. Brain regions activated included primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, precuneus, insula, frontal, occipital, motor and cingulate cortices. Activations were somatotopic and di ered according to intensity, modality or clinical background. This is the first study to use fMRI to demonstrate brain activations in response to brush, von Frey hair and pinprick stimulation in human newborn infants. EEG recordings of lance in infants show a noxious-specific deflection at Cz which is not seen in adults undergoing experimental pain. To determine whether this di erence is due to age or stimulus modality we measured EEG activity to lance in healthy adult volunteers. Lance and innocuous tactile stimulations were applied to fifth finger beds, one of which was sensitised with mustard oil. Pain scores were recorded, and verbal descriptors were used to estimate peripheral fibre activation. EEG was compared to infant data collected in a previous study. Brain activity to lance in adults was di erent from control, and was modulated by sensitisation. EEG activity was related to pain score and verbal descriptors. The same stimulation initiated a distinct pattern of activity in infants which di ered from adults. This is the first study to characterise EEG responses to lance in adults, and to compare results with lance in newborn infants.
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Goodwin, James R. "Functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the adult and infant brain." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/99582/1/James_Goodwin_Thesis.pdf.

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The non-invasive technology, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) utilizes an array of channels consisting of sources and detectors positioned on the scalp to penetrate the head of adults and infants to measure brain activity. This thesis investigates the use of channels with short source-detector separations to reduce the interference of hemodynamics from the superficial layers. Results indicate such shallow measurements of the interferrant scalp hemodynamics can be subtracted from the deeper composite (superficial layers and cerebral) measurement to isolate and improve the brain signal. In addition, an optimized methodology was developed to acquire the best data yield for alert upright infants.
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Moukarzel, Sara. "The complexity of understanding human milk components and infant brain development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57297.

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Understanding which and how human milk components contribute to infant brain development is complicated in part by their large diversity, complex arrangement in the milk matrix and potential interaction in metabolism. This research addressed the importance of studying the composition of minor milk lipids and of exploring their relationship with non-lipid milk components in infant brain development. More specifically, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a complex tri-layer of cholesterol, glycoproteins, and polar lipids including ethanolamine plasmalogens (Pls-PE), naturally emulsifies milk triacylglycerols but is not currently added to infant milk substitutes. Clinical evidence suggests MFGM plays a role in cognitive function. Whether MFGM directly affects the developing brain is unclear. Due to analytical challenges, little is known about the fatty acid composition of human MFGM lipids, particularly Pls-PE. Pls-PE may be enriched in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important neural lipid during development. Additionally, milk contains different forms of water-soluble choline (WSC) compounds (free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine) for which distinct biological roles are unknown, although choline as a molecule per se is an important structural component of the brain and a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. After developing an analytical method for separation and recovery of milk Pls-PE, the first study demonstrated both human and cow milk Pls-PE are enriched in LC-PUFA including DHA compared to other phospholipids. Milk Pls-PE DHA does not seem to vary with maternal DHA intake. Using artificially-reared infant rats, the second study showed that developmental brain phospholipids and metabolites differ between rats fed formula with or without MFGM, with a closer phospholipid composition to mother-reared rats in rats fed MFGM. By analyzing human preterm and term milk samples for WSC composition using mass spectrometry in the third study, we confirmed previous findings of the wide variability in WSC total content and composition in human milk and reported no significant association between individual WSC compounds. These studies provide new knowledge that milk contains novel components potentially relevant to the brain, and, while the mechanisms for improved cognition remain unclear, MFGM affects neonatal brain phospholipid composition.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Jamieson, Elizabeth Cherry. "Human brain lipid fatty acid composition in relation to infant diet." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/981/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1998.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 1998. Research carried out in the Departments of Pathological Biochemistry and Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill NHS Trust. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Ball, Gareth. "Computational magnetic resonance image analysis of brain development in the preterm infant." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computational-magnetic-resonance-image-analysis-of-brain-development-in-the-preterm-infant(882d3802-c781-4171-8ce2-29ed1a8cc4d9).html.

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Currently 7-8% of all babies born in the UK are born preterm and the incidence has increased significantly over the past two decades. Improving medical care has led to increased survival in those born prematurely; however, preterm infants carry a profound risk of severe neurological disabilities along with a spectrum of major deficits across several domains including cognition, attention, coordination and behaviour. These wide-ranging and long-term consequences represent a significant burden to health and education services, yet the aetiology of the most prevalent cognitive and behavioural disorders remain unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging provides the means to quantitatively assess cerebral growth and development and is being increasingly employed to study the developing preterm brain. Evidence from neonatal imaging studies has revealed a number of specific cerebral alterations present in the preterm population that appear to predict neurodevelopmental outcome in early childhood and include diffuse microstructural disturbances of the developing white matter and regional volumetric tissue losses. In addition, a number of perinatal risk factors have been identified that are associated with both preterm birth and altered cerebral development. This thesis aims to test the hypothesis that connectivity and growth of developing neural systems are adversely affected by prematurity at birth and additionally influenced by specific perinatal risk factors. This is achieved through the application of multi-subject, multi-modal MRI analysis to quantify tissue microstructure and volume alongside novel methods for defining regional connectivity in the developing preterm brain. Evidence is provided that suggests connected neural structures are disturbed in preterm infants resulting in a complex pattern of regional micro- and macrostructural alteration that is evident at term-equivalent age and potentiated by respiratory morbidity. This is convergent with current theories of the mechanisms underpinning preterm brain injury and provides further insight into the consequences of preterm birth on brain development.
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Rutherford, Mary. "Magnetic resonance imaging of hypoxic-ischaemic brain lesions in the term infant." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262817.

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Boström, Kristina. "The cognitive and neurodevelopmental benefits of breastfeeding: : Nutrition or parent-infant interaction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9656.

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Breastfeeding is encouraged exclusively until the infant is 6 months and then continuing up until the age of two years and further, as a supplement to solid food. Few infants get this opportunity even though positive effects have been seen. In recent days brain imaging techniques has begun to study the differences in brain development between breastfed and formula fed infants. In this essay methods for assessing the cognitive and neurodevelopmental aspect of breastfeeding aspects will be reviewed. The results found in this review suggest that breastfeeding has a benefit in the development of the brain and in addition a beneficial impact on the parents. This can be seen in faster development of crucial brain areas, better cognitive functions and better maternal sensitivity which in turn relates to a child’s better adjustment. However, it is not clear how these benefits develop, if it is due to breastfeeding or parental characteristics related to breastfeeding.
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Books on the topic "Infant brain"

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. Infant Brain Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9.

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Levene, Malcolm I. Ultrasound of the infant brain. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1985.

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L, Williams Jonathan, and Fawer Claire-Lise, eds. Ultrasound of the infant brain. London: Spastics International Medical, 1985.

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Paneth, Nigel. Brain damage in the preterm infant. [London]: MacKeith Press, 1994.

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Paneth, Nigel. Brain damage in the preterm infant. [London]: MacKeith Press, 1994.

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Raoul, Rudelli, Kazam Elias 1942-, Monte William, and Spastics Society, eds. Brain damage in the preterm infant. [London]: MacKeith Press, 1994.

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1944-, Pape Karen E., and Wigglesworth Jonathan S, eds. Perinatal brain lesions. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989.

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Claudine, Amiel-Tison, and Stewart Ann Dr, eds. The newborn infant: One brain for life. Paris: Editions INSERM, 1994.

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Daniel, Becky. The playful baby: 130+ quick brain-boosting activities for infancy to 18 months. Grand Rapids, Mich: Instructional Fair·T.S. Denison, 2000.

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M, Heim Susan, ed. Boosting your baby's brain power. Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Infant brain"

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Blakeslee, Thomas R. "The Infant Brain." In Beyond the Conscious Mind, 177–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4533-4_9.

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LeVere, N. Davis, Susan Gray-Silva, and T. E. LeVere. "Infant Brain Injury." In Brain Injury and Recovery, 133–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0941-3_9.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "The Conscious Infant." In Infant Brain Development, 83–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_7.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Origin of the Mind and Basic Construction of the Brain." In Infant Brain Development, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_1.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Genes and Parents." In Infant Brain Development, 117–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_10.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Preterm Birth." In Infant Brain Development, 127–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_11.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Care for Consciousness." In Infant Brain Development, 143–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_12.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Patterning of the Brain, Neural Proliferation, and Migration." In Infant Brain Development, 15–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_2.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Nerve Growth and Neurotransmission." In Infant Brain Development, 31–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_3.

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Lagercrantz, Hugo. "Fetal Moving and Sensing." In Infant Brain Development, 43–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44845-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Infant brain"

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Kumar, Shubham, Sailesh Conjeti, Abhijit Guha Roy, Christian Wachinger, and Nassir Navab. "InfiNet: Fully convolutional networks for infant brain MRI segmentation." In 2018 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2018.8363542.

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Xia, Yunjia, Kui Wang, Addison Billing, Robert J. Cooper, and Hubin Zhao. "A remote-control, smartphone-based automatic 3D scanning system for fNIRS/DOT applications." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2023.bm2b.4.

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We present a remote-control, smartphone-based scanning system that can achieve a full-head 3D scan of an infant within 2 seconds. The scanned images can then be automatically aligned to generate a 3D head surface model.
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Bulgarelli, Chiara, Anna Blasi, Luca Pollonini, Sarah Lloyd-Fox, Laura Pirazzoli, Katherine L. Perdue, Charles A. Nelson, and Clare E. Elwell. "Standardising an infant fNIRS analysis pipeline to investigate neurodevelopment in global health." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2020.bm2c.2.

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Uchitel, Julie, Borja Blanco, Liam Collins-Jones, Emma Porter, Andrea Edwards, Kelle Pammenter, Robert J. Cooper, and Topun Austin. "Imaging Functional Brain Connectivity in the Newborn Infant using High Density Diffuse Optical Tomography." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2022.bm2c.6.

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Hebden, Jeremy C., Marta Varela, Salavat Magazov, Nick Everdell, Adam Gibson, Judith Meek, and Topun Austin. "Diffuse optical imaging of the newborn infant brain." In 2012 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235595.

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Thibault, Kirk L., Steven M. Kurtz, and Susan S. Margulies. "Effect of the Age-Dependent Properties of the Braincase on the Response of the Infant Brain to Impact." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0266.

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Abstract Finite element models of the adult human head have been used to determine intracranial deformation of the brain under traumatic loading conditions [1]. Development of similar models for the infant head has been hindered by the lack of material property data for the pediatric brain and skull. Recent determination of these properties [6] has facilitated the construction of an idealized infant head model which can be used to demonstrate the effect of age-dependent properties of the braincase on the response of the infant brain to impact. The long-term goal of this research is to quantify the intracranial deformation of the neural and vascular tissue within the brain during traumatic loading and to apply these findings to the development of specialized head injury tolerances for the pediatric population.
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Cittern, David, and Abbas Edalat. "An arousal-based neural model of infant attachment." In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccmb.2014.7020694.

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Kumaresan, Srirangam, Anthony Sances, John Hutchinson, and Keith Friedman. "Biomechanical Analysis of Pediatric Impact Head Injury: A 3-D Finite Element Modeling Approach." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23102.

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Abstract Infants and young children sustain head injury during falls and motor vehicle crashes. A better biomechanical understanding assists to mitigate the head injury in the pediatric population. A three-dimensional finite element model of an infant head was developed. The model included the cranial bone, sutures, fontanelles, brain and foramen magnum. The infant head was impacted with a stationary wall structure. Three types of walls (padded and unpadded flat walls, and unpadded cavity/edge wall) were used. The polypropylene and rigid materials were defined for the wall. Each analysis was conducted at an impact velocity of 6.7 and 8.9 m/sec. The cranial bone of the infant head sustained lower strain during the impact with the padded flat wall. The strain in the cranial bone increased considerably when the padding was removed. A further increase in the strain was observed during the impact with the unpadded cavity/edge wall. While the strain in the cranial bone was diffused under the padded flat wall impact, it was more concentrated under the unpadded cavity/edge wall impact condition.
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Peporte, Michele, Dana E. Ilea, Eilish Twomey, and Paul F. Whelan. "A Morphological Approach for Infant Brain Segmentation in MRI Data." In 2011 Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imvip.2011.36.

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Alansary, A., A. Soliman, M. Nitzken, F. Khalifa, A. Elnakib, M. Mostapha, M. F. Casanova, and A. El-Baz. "An integrated geometrical and stochastic approach for accurate infant brain extraction." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025719.

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Reports on the topic "Infant brain"

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Qian, Guoping, Xiaoye Cai, Kai Xu, Hao Tian, Qiao Meng, Zbigniew Ossowski, and Jinghong Liang. Which Gait Training Intervention Can Most Effectively Improve Gait Ability in Patients with Cerebral Palsy? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0108.

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Review question / Objective: To help physiotherapists and clinicians make clinical decisions, they may wish to know, on average, "the optimal treatment", so a comprehensive and up-to-date systematic review should be conducted on the relative effectiveness of gait ability intervention programmes in patients with CP. Using NMA, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of different approaches of gait training on gait ability in CP patients. The specific aim of this study was to verify the relative effectiveness of different gait interventions on the gait ability of people with CP. Condition being studied: Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a group of disorders attributed to non-progressive brain dysfunction in the developing foetus or infant, and it is characterized by central motor and postural dysplasia.
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liu, cong, xing wang, rao chen, and jie zhang. Meta-analyses of the Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Balance, Gross Motor Function and Daily Living Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0137.

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Review question / Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive, persistent syndrome occurring in the brain of the fetus or infant[1]. The prevalence of CP is 0.2% worldwide, and the prevalence can increase to 20-30 times in preterm or low birth weight newborns. There are about 6 million children with CP in China, and the number is increasing at a rate of 45,000 per year. Virtual reality (VR) refers to a virtual environment that is generated by a computer and can be interacted with.VR can mobilize the visual, auditory, tactile and kinesthetic organs of CP, so that they can actively participate in the rehabilitation exercise. Information sources: Two researchers searched 5 databases, including Pubmed (N=82), Embase (N=191), The Cochrane Library (N=147), Web of Science (N=359) and CNKI (N=11).
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Chen, Liangjun, Ya Wang, Zhengwang Wu, Yue Shan, Tengfei Li, Sheng-Che Hung, Hongtu Zhu, Weili Lin, Li Wang, and Gang Li. Four-Dimensional Mapping of Dynamic Subcortical Development of Infant Brains. Peeref, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2210p3454503.

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Sue Peters, Sue Peters. Using Mobile Sensors To Measure Sleep as a Biomarker of Brain Development in Infants. Experiment, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/7078.

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Dale, Naomi, Aneesa Khan, and Sophie Dale. Early intervention for vision and neurodevelopment in infants and very young children with visual impairment: a systematicreview. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0080.

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Review question / Objective: Research question - What is the effectiveness of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) in the first 3 years of life? Population (P) Infants and very young children with diagnosed visual impairment. Intervention (I) ECI programmes that includes vision and developmental stimulation, play, learning and responsive parenting Comparison (C) Standard care or control Outcomes (O) Primary: Vision function or and/or neurodevelopment and/or parent-child interaction outcomes Secondary: Parental context factors eg parental wellbeing and mental health, parental satisfaction with service provision. Condition being studied: Childhood congenital or very early visual impairment arising from congenital disorders of the peripheral or anterior visual system or cerebral-based vision disorders. This includes all vision disorders of the globe, retina and anterior optic nerve and all vision disorders that are considered cerebral based along visual pathways that are retro-chiasmatic and include central brain regions and networks involved in vision processing.
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