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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infant behaviours'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Edwards, Nancy C. "Predictors of infant-care behaviours among postnatal immigrants." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28730.

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To identify predictors of infant-care behaviours among immigrants, women were recruited on hospital postpartum units. Among the 3,484 women screened, 11.8 percent were eligible for enrollment and 77.3 percent agreed to participate. The follow-up rate was 94 per cent. Data on predictor variables were collected during face-to-face interviews in the early postpartum period. Follow-up telephone interviews occurred at three months postpartum to assess infant-care behaviours.
Using a chunkwise, hierarchial approach to multiple linear regression modelling, maternal and infant predictors accounted for 24.2 percent of the variance in the 'Infant-care Behaviours' Score. In the second stage of model building, ethnocultural variables explained an additional 5.8 percent of the variance.
Separate analyses for women who had lived in Canada less than three years versus three or more years yielded some differences in predictors for women in the two strata. Among recent immigrants; worries about the infant's health, mother's education, and current immigration status by parity were significant predictors, explaining 23 percent of the variance. Among less recent immigrants; worries about the baby's health, prenatal class attendance, marital status, and official language comprehension ability explained 37.7 percent of the variance.
To establish effectiveness of the hospital liaison referral process, data from the predictors' study were linked with records of public health postpartum follow-up. Sensitivity of the hospital liaison referral process was less than 55 percent.
Study findings provide direction for strengthening the postpartum referral process for ethnically diverse immigrants. The significant predictor variables are readily identified by the hospital staff of postpartum units. Results illustrate the importance of assessing theory-based ethnocultural characteristics among immigrants to determine their 'at-risk' status.

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2

Leiba, Elka. "Maternal nonverbal behaviours and infant gaze during triadic play with toys at 5 and 12 months." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54278.pdf.

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3

Simpson, Deon. "Explaining the trends in breastfeeding behaviours in Great Britain : findings from the Infant Feeding Surveys, 1985 to 2010." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1430e0fb-5344-46f4-a608-4cb4e47c91ae.

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Available data from the quinquennial Infant Feeding Surveys (IFS) show that breastfeeding rates in Great Britain (GB) rose steadily between 1985 and 2010. However, the rates of breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity remain relatively low, and there is evidence that breastfeeding in public may still be considered unacceptable by many in GB. To date, no study has examined the reasons behind the increase in breastfeeding rates between 1985 and 2010, and the factors which influence women's practice of breastfeeding in public in GB remain under-researched. Therefore, this DPhil research aimed to investigate whether the increase in breastfeeding rates in the first six weeks after childbirth in GB between 1985 and 2010 were driven by changes in the distribution of population characteristics, or changes in the differences in breastfeeding behaviours between subgroups of women. It also aimed to investigate the factors which influenced the practice of breastfeeding in public in GB in 1995 to 2010. Data from the IFS surveys in 1985 to 2010 were analysed to, firstly, describe and summarise the distribution of selected explanatory factors among the childbearing population of GB from 1985 to 2010. This was followed by an estimation of the independent effects of these explanatory factors on breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding continuation at one week and at six weeks, and breastfeeding in public, in each survey year. There was an assessment of the changes over time in the effects of each factor on breastfeeding initiation, and on breastfeeding continuation at one week and at six weeks. This was followed by an examination of the extent to which changes in the distribution of factors among the childbearing population contributed to the increase in breastfeeding rates in the first six weeks in GB between 1985 and 2010. This DPhil research found no evidence of changes in the effects of factors on breastfeeding in the first six weeks between 1985 and 2010. This suggests that breastfeeding behaviours had not improved over time. At the same time, there were increases in the distribution of those factors which positively influence breastfeeding, suggesting that the increase in breastfeeding rates in the first six weeks between 1985 and 2010 were indeed attributable to population changes rather than improved breastfeeding behaviours. Additionally, breastfeeding in public was seemingly most influenced by women's perceptions of the normality and acceptability of breastfeeding in GB. There is a clear need for more equitable interventions to target the needs and perceptions of those women in GB who remain characteristically less likely to breastfeed.

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4

Grunau, Ruth Veronica Elizabeth. "Cry and facial behavior during induced pain in neonates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25808.

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Pain behavior of neonates was compared across sleep/waking states and sex. From Gate-Control Theory (Melzack and Wall, 1982) it was hypothesized that pain behavior would vary depending on the ongoing functional state of the infant, in contrast with Specificity Theory (Mountcastle, 1980), from which one would expect neonatal pain expression to be solely a function of degree of tissue damage. The findings of facial action variation across sleep/waking state was interpreted as consistent with Gate-Control Theory. Awake alert infants responded with the most facial activity, which supported Brazelton's (1973) view that infants in this state are most receptive to environmental stimulation. Fundamental frequency of cry was not related to sleep/waking state. This suggested that findings from the cry literature on pain cry as a reflection of nervous system "stress", in unwell newborns, do not generalize directly to healthy infants under varying degrees of stress as a function of state. Sex differences were apparent in speed of response, with boys showing shorter time to cry and facial action following heel-lance. Issues raised by the study include the importance of using measurement techniques which are independent of pre-conceived categories of affective response, and the surprising degree of responsivity of the neonate to ongoing events. Exploratory analyses suggested obstetric factors were related to overall facial action. Caution was expressed in this interpretation due to the great complexity of the inter-relationships of medical, physiological and maternal variables which go far beyond the scope of this study. It was concluded that obstetric features such as mode of delivery should be considered in sample selection for neonatal pain studies, in contrast to current practise which has been to assume healthy newborns form an homogeneous population. It was clear from these findings that the issues are multifaceted, and the optimal way to proceed with research in the area of neonatal pain is with an interdisciplinary team format.
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate

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5

Myronidi, Despoina. "LIGHT-BEAT: REACTIVE LIGHT FOR THE EMOTIONAL COMFORT OF NEWBORN BABIES." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297961.

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This is a project-based thesis focusing on the investigation of topics related to human newborns and the factors found in their surrounding environment that need to be assessed so as to provide them with a feeling comfort. The objective is to boost their emotional development by the means of light in a close relation to sound so as to provide them with a type of intelligence allowing them to normally interact within a society during their adult life, reassuring social equality and eliminating potential social exclusion due to unexpected behaviours. After researching topics to have a better understanding of the newborn baby and its enclosing environment, a luminaire design solution -functioning with a reactive scheme performed with integrated sound sensors- provided further results to the main topic investigation. The conceptual scheme for the product development was inspired by the connection between the newborn and their life-giver, closely linked to the cross-modality of sensory development before and after birth. Additional results were obtained with light measurement assessments and a parent survey targeting both the intended light quality subjective evaluations and the marketing strength of the designed product. This survey was used -along with other means- as a design evaluation tool at the final stage of the design process. Potential further improvements as well as considerations for a distinct spatial application are discussed in the final part of the thesis. The sustainability aspect covered within this degree project is closely linked to good physical and mental health aspects, clean energy use and efficiency achieved by the integration of input sound sensors and controls, and conscious production and consumption by the proposal of low global footprint materials for the luminaire design. In the conclusions, an overall summary of the thesis outcomes is presented and further research is proposed regarding both the main topic investigation as well as a greater user category that can be related to the light metric assessments that were carried out for this research.

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Bernard, Rebecca S. "Parent distress, parent behavior, and infant distress during pediatric immunizations." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2225.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 47 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-35).

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7

Cramer-Berness, Laura J. "A comparison of behavioral interventions for infant immunizations." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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8

Huff, Marlene. "Mother behaviors, infant behaviors, heart rate, and rocking within the early mother-infant relationship." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055864134.

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9

Baddock, Sally Anne, and n/a. "Bedsharing vs cot-sleeping : an investigation of the physiology and behaviour of infants in the home setting." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070205.113411.

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Bedsharing between infants and parents interacts with many factors to increase the risk of SIDS, eg maternal smoking, alcohol or drug consumption, overtiredness, excessive bedding and younger infant. However, bedsharing also encourages breastfeeding, settles babies, reduces parental tiredness and increases mother-baby interactions. We studied infants in the natural setting of their own home, in their usual situation (bedsharing or cot-sleeping) to identify risks and benefits, and to understand how bedsharing could be made safer for all infants. Methods: Overnight home video and physiological recordings of 40 bedshare infants (5-27 weeks), were compared with 40 cot infants matched for age and study season. Video data provided a log of infant/parent sleep positions, movements and interactions. The physiological recordings measured respiratory pattern, respiratory airflow, inspired CO2, oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate and core, peripheral and environmental temperatures. Results: All infants maintained normal core temperatures overnight although bedshare infants had a higher shin temperature [35.43 vs 34.60°C at 2hrs after sleep onset (difference 0.83, 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.49)]. Bedshare infants had thicker bedding (RR:2.35 (95% CI:1.76 to 3.14) and more face covered time [0.9h/night vs 0.2 (RR:5.62, 95% CI: 3.08 to 10.25)]. Awakenings in the bedshare group were more common, of shorter duration, and caused less change in infant temperatures. Exposure to >3% CO2 occurred in 18 bedshare infants and 1 swaddled, cot-sleep infant. The maximum exposure time was the same for both groups (60mins). These levels of CO2 significantly (p<0.05) elevated breathing rate and maintained normal SaO2. Central apnoeas of 5-10 seconds resulted in drops in SaO2 <90% (BS mean 6.8/night vs cot: 3.1, p<0.001). SaO2 rarely fell below 85% and heart rate did not ever fall below 90bpm. Bedshare infants commonly slept on their side, while cot infants slept supine. Prone sleeping was rare (BS:5 infants, 1.6-3.5h/night vs cot:2, 8.9-10.2) and for bedshare infants involved sleeping on mother�s chest. Bedshare infants woke and fed more frequently (mean wake times/night: 4.6 vs 2.5), but total sleep time was not different. Maternal checks were more frequent in the bedshare group (median:10, IQ range:7-23, max:55) than cot ( 4, 3-6, 16) and bedshare mothers frequently responded to infant initiated movements. During bedsharing baby and mother usually slept facing each other, touching, with infants at mothers� breast level. Father (or sibling) contact was rare. Conclusions: Bedshare infants sleep in a warmer environment and experience more potentially dangerous events such as head-covering and rebreathing. However, all infants in this study maintained normal rectal temperature and SaO2 suggesting they were protected by homeostatic responses. Infant safety is also facilitated by frequent maternal checking and maternal responses to infant movements. The mother-infant proximity during bedsharing allows prompt responses, reduces time infants are upset, and minimises disruption from frequent breast feeding - aspects valued by many. It is not known if infants of smoking mothers or parents with impaired responses eg due to alcohol, respond adequately to the potentially dangerous situations identified. Outcome: The results of this study will be used to formulate recommendations to parents for improving the safety of bedsharing.

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10

Wolke, Dieter Fritz Heinz. "Maternal perceptions of difficult infant behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019707/.

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11

Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, Lauren P. Driggers-Jones, and Chelsea L. Robertson. "Infant Effects on Experimenter Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4906.

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Beginning in the late 1960's (e.g., Bell, 1968), a considerable literature has emerged documenting the impact of children's characteristics on their own care and biopsychosocial outcomes. Yet, surprisingly little research has focused on the impact of the child on the experimental setting. It is well known in the infant literature that infant emotional states contribute to their own attrition, and even cognitive performance (e.g., Fagen et al., 1991). Less well known is the extent that infant characteristics contribute to experimenter social engagement. In the present investigation, we explored whether two experimenters responded to infants differently as a function of infant temperament. Sixty- 334 five infants (37 girls) visited the lab at M = 15.38 months (SD = 1.99). Mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised (IBQ-R) and a demographic assessment. Temperament measures derived from the IBQ-R were reduced to three overarching superdimensions (negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency) from 14 subdimensions. Infants participated in a Brooks and Meltzoff (2005) type gaze-following procedure. On Trial 1, either of two experimenters sitting directly across from the infant established eye-contact by calling the child's name, said "Look!", then turned their head to look at a target object on the infant's left for 8 seconds. On Trial 2, experimenters followed the same procedure but looked to the infant's right. Trial 3 was the same as Trial 1. On Trials 4-6, experimenters followed a right-left-right pattern, with the exception that an Elmo videotape played on a monitor behind and above the experimenter as soon as the experimenter looked at the target object. Trials 4-6 were designed to test gazefollowing under conditions of distraction. The two experimenters did not differ statistically from one another in looking to the target object on any trial (see Table 1; t's <= 1.60, p's => .12); although, due to procedural requirements looking time for both experimenters differed as a function of distraction condition [F(1, 57) = 98.53, p = .000; see Table 1]. Nevertheless, during a procedural fidelity check, and despite both experimenters being blind to children's temperamental status, we found that experimenter looking time to the target objects in the control condition was correlated with both effortful control and surgency (see Table 2). These correlations were carried primarily by the subdimensions of duration of orientation and perceptual sensitivity, respectively. Evaluating the correlations separately by experimenter showed that both experimenters appeared to be susceptible to infant temperament. These results raise the possibility that even highly trained experimenters, blind to child temperament status, may be responsive to child characteristics when implementing experimental protocols. Obviously, in the present case, when experimenters remained visually engaged with target objects for longer periods of time for certain children, those children had greater opportunity to demonstrate gazefollowing. In principle, children high in effortful control and surgency could demonstrate longer gaze-following not as a direct effect of their temperament, but as an indirect effect of their temperament mediated through an experimenter. Future experimental researchers may wish to include temperament instruments as standard protocol to test for experimenter fidelity.

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12

Franco, Patricia. "Influence of environmental factors on sleep-wake behavior and autonomic controls in infants: implications for the sudden infant death syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211702.

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13

Butt, Michelle Lynn. "The effect of music on preterm infant behaviour." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/MQ36009.pdf.

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14

Meins, Elizabeth. "The correlates and consequences of infant attachment behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260355.

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15

Vallis, Lori Ann. "Infant bouncing, analysis of skilled and less-skilled behaviour." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0010/MQ28466.pdf.

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16

Liaw, Jen-Jiuan. "Facilitating NICU caregiving in Taiwan through understanding preterm infant behaviors /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7362.

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17

Bertrand, Lynda Caroll Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Mother-infant bonding; theory and practice." Ottawa, 1996.

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18

Oshio, Sachiko. "Mother's mental representation of her infant and its effect on infant organization and mother's perception of self /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7211.

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19

Clogg, L. J. "Determinants of infant crying behaviour : the role of carbohydrate absorption." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63853.

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20

Hughes, J. Carl. "Naming and generalisation of behaviour in infants." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420648.

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21

Craig, Cathy. "Feeding behaviour in term and preterm infants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21165.

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My thesis has been concerned with monitoring the feeding behaviour of preterm infants born at a low gestation and birthweight, who are at risk of developing neurological problems. These infants often have difficulty co-ordinating the different mechanisms of feeding, namely sucking, swallowing and breathing. Particular attention was paid to sucking, viewing it as a precocious motor skill. By using a new dimension of the tau theory of motor control, namely the intrinsic tau-pacemaker model, normal sucking control was established by examining the intra oral sucking pressures of twelve term newborns. The results supported a strong coupling between the tau of the pressure generated inside the mouth and an intrinsic tau-pacemaker. Six preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks gestational age and classified as neurologically at risk, were also tested from when they started bottle feeding, and for a period of four weeks thereafter. Their sucking pressures were analysed in the same way, and were individually compared to the standard set by the newborn terms. Large deviations from term norms were hypothesised to be indicative of neurological abnormalities. Irregularities in sucking control were found, but as expected, the extent of the variation differed between infants. Follow up movement assessments, when four of the infants were greater than six months corrected age, were performed by a physiotherapist. The physiotherapist's assessment of motor development at this stage appeared to reflect the findings obtained for the infants' sucking control. Breathing measurements were also recorded, and modulations in the pattern during feeding were noted. Again a newborn term pattern was established, and preterm infants were compared. As before, all the preterm infants tested had differing degrees of respiratory difficulty. Breathing problems were evident from significantly lower levels of oxygen concentration in the blood, and a significant difference in the timing and depth of the breaths during the sucking and pause periods of feeding.

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22

Henry, E. C. "Behavioural mechanisms underlying infant care in male and female Mongolian gerbils." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377707.

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The introduction of parental behaviour in naive animals has been studied in several species. Male and female adult Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus were singly exposed to protected pups (PP exposures). Exposures lasted for ten minutes, and were carried out each day. Behaviour patterns shown by the adults were recorded, and their frequencies measured. After several PP exposures (3-18), adults were exposed to unprotected pups (UP exposures) in order to detect whether or not the normal aggressive response to pups was still present, or had been overcome and replaced by parental responsiveness. Preliminary experiments showed the aggressive response could be overcome in as little as five ten minute exposures. A variety of parental behaviour patterns were shown by some individuals, suggesting that stages may exist in the process under investigation. Following on from preliminary experiments, the effect of increasing the number of both PP and UP exposures was investigated. Increasing PP and UP exposures increased the percentage of animals responding non-aggressively towards pups. However no increase was seen in the range of parental responses shown. Again, results suggested the development of the parental response was a non-unitary process occurring in stages: first the overcoming of fear of pups or aggression towards pups; second, investigation of the pup; third, the development of parental responsiveness. The role of olfactory and auditory cues from the pups were next investigated. If a pup bore the scent gland sebum of the experimental adult, aggression was overcome more quickly than before. Also, more parental behaviour patterns were shown. If the pup bore the experimental adult's urine, aggression was overcome more quickly than in preliminary experiments, but not as quickly as when the pups bore the adult's sebum. No correlation was found between the rate of ultrasonic calling and the rate of the induction of parental responsiveness. This was thought to be an artefact of the recording procedure, since the source of individual calls was not identified, and the frequency of calls could therefore have been increased due to adults calling. Parental responsiveness appeared to be maintained 2 weeks after its induction, but not 10 weeks after induction. An exception to this was the animals exposed to pups smeared with the experimental adults sebum, who did not appear to maintain responsiveness even up to 2 weeks after induction. Overall twice as many males as females were able to be induced to show parental responsiveness. Males overcame their aggression to pups, and showed parental responsiveness more quickly than females did. Further work arising from the present studies would include a more detailed study of both the influence of ultrasonic calling by pups on the development of parental responsiveness and the quicker development of parental responsiveness found when pups bore an odour familiar to the adults.

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23

Page, Phyllis A. "An investigation of the relationship between maternal-infant patterns of synchrony during feeding, preterm infant state and a parent administered state modulation treatment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7272.

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Kerhoas, Daphne. "Male-infant interactions in wild crested black macaques, Macaca nigra." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-222030.

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Direct fitness is measured as the number of surviving offspring. Thus adult males may try to produce as many offspring as possible or to increase the survival of their offspring. Recent findings have shown the many potential benefits of fathers’ presence and support on infants’ development and survival. However, little is known about the influence of socio-ecological factors on male-infant interactions. The main aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate male-infant interactions in wild crested macaques (Macaca nigra). In particular, we aimed to examine the affiliative and agonistic interactions taking place in this species, along with the factors influencing these interactions and offspring survival. Data collection for this thesis took place in the Tangkoko-Duasudara Reserve in Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 3 wild groups of crested macaques. For the first study, data were collected on migrations, births, disappearances, and encounters between groups over 5 years. We analyzed the influence of socio-ecological factors (e.g. rainfall, alpha-male position takeover, and male hierarchy stability) on pre- and post-natal loss. The results showed that high infant mortality was mainly associated to male alpha-position takeover, which suggests that infanticide may indeed occur in this species. In addition, we found that female within-group competition for food sources and between-group resource defense influenced fetal and infant loss. Based on these findings, we were interested to see whether fathers protected their own offspring against male attacks. Thus, in the second study, we investigated the social determinants and characteristics of male-infant affiliations. Our results indicate that adult males and infants form preferential association, and that infants initiate the majority of male-infant affiliations. Infants initiated affiliations mainly towards a high ranking male or a male in a close relationship with their mother. In addition, infants affiliated mainly with adult males in the absence of their mother, while males affiliated mostly with infants when the infants‘ mother was present in proximity. Furthermore, males initiated affiliations towards an infant when they held a high rank or when they had a strong bond with the infant‘s mother. Interestingly, paternity did not affect male-infant affiliations. In conclusion, these studies provide insights in the specifics of both infant survival strategies and male reproductive strategies. In addition, we show that infants are active agents in establishing and maintaining preferential relationships with males. This thesis, thus, confirm that male-infant interactions, although rare, have a strong influence both on males’ and infants’ direct fitness.

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Bozzette, Maryann. "Premature infant responses to taped maternal voice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7220.

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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, and P. Hull Smith. "Who's Controlling Whom? Infant Contributions to Maternal Play Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.283.

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Because the way mothers play with their children may have significant impacts on children's social, cognitive, and linguistic development, researchers have become interested in potential predictors of maternal play. In the present study, 40 mother–infant dyads were followed from child age 5–20 months. Five-month habituation rate and 13 and 20 month temperamental difficulty were found to be predictive of maternal play quality at 20 months. The most parsimonious theoretical model was one in which habituation was mediated by temperamental difficulty in predicting mother play. Consistent with prior speculation in the literature, these data support the possibility that mothers adjust some aspects of their play behaviors to fit their children's cognitive and temperamental capabilities.

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27

Goff, Dennis McKevitt. "The effects of nonnutritive sucking on state regulation in preterm infants." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52292.

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Nonnutritive Sucking (NNS) has long been used to soothe crying infants. Systematic observations of this effect in newborn infants have revealed that NNS reduces arousal in general. Among preterm infants NNS has been used as an effective intervention in the newborn intensive care unit. However, there has been little systematic research on the immediate behavioral effects of NNS in this population of infants. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NNS on behavioral state in preterm infants. The results indicated that the amount of quiet sleep was increased following NNS, but that this increase was not greater than the amount of quiet sleep observed in two hours of undisturbed rest. These results are discussed in terms of intervention strategies which are designed to increase the amount of quiet sleep among preterm infants. It is suggested that a pacifier can increase the amount of quiet sleep when longer periods of uninterrupted sleep cannot be arranged. Additional results indicated that the rhythmic organization of state was more complex following NNS than during control conditions. A basic 40- to 60-minute rhythm in state was not affected by NNS. However, spectral analysis indicated that there were other faster frequency fluctuations in state. Following NNS there were more of these fluctuations and they accounted for more variance in state. This pattern is more similar to the pattern observed in low-risk newborns. These results are discussed in terms of inducing behavior patterns in preterm infants which are more similar to behavior seen in full term infants. Finally, a model is presented which suggests that the reduced arousal seen following NNS is an adjunct to an increase in parasympathetic activity. This increase in parasympathetic activity is hypothesized to be adaptive. Through this mechanism sucking is hypothesized to have a distinct behavioral effect on energy regulation in newborn infants outside of the requirements for feeding.
Ph. D.

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Page, Melissa. "The Context and Experience of New Mothers: Postpartum Depression, Family Relationships, Knowledge of Infant Development, and Infant Outcomes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194262.

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Maternal psychological well-being is one of many factors that shape the interactions a woman has with her infant. According to Belsky's (1984) Determinants of Parenting Process Model, he suggests that maternal personality and psychological well-being play a significant role in the observation of parenting behaviors. This model was utilized as the overarching framework for this dissertation. The dissertation, in the form of three manuscripts, outlines important factors within the marital relationship that impact postpartum depression, then exploring the moderation of depression by knowledge of infant development in four behavioral scales observed during a mother-infant interaction. Finally, two maternal behaviors that impact child outcomes were utilized as predictors of infant social-emotional and cognitive outcome, while testing for moderation by infant age.Results. In study one, women were more likely to report postpartum depression when they experienced more arguments with family and lower relationship depth. The second study found that knowledge of infant development moderated maternal reports of postpartum depression, thus allowing women with higher knowledge to maintain positive behaviors compared to women with low or average knowledge. The third study indicated that verbal stimulation resulted in higher scores for infant social-emotional and cognitive development, whereas maternal sensitivity was the only variable impacting social-emotional development. The test of moderation by infant age found mothers of older infants did speak more to their older infants, but the differences were minimal.Conclusion. Marital relationships play a significant role in promoting healthy maternal psychological well-being during motherhood. When psychological well-being is compromised via postpartum depression, decreases in maternal behaviors result in lower scores during maternal-child interactions. Maternal sensitivity and verbal stimulation uniquely contributed to infant outcomes. In addition, infant age may impact the observance of these two maternal behaviors resulting in increased or decreased observances based on the infant's age.Thus, use of Belsky's Determinants of Parenting Process Model within this dissertation confirmed the importance of maternal personality and psychological well-being in parenting behaviors. Mothers impacted by postpartum depression suffered a reduction in parenting behaviors, though higher knowledge appeared to buffer these negative effects. Implications for interventions and future work are discussed within each study.

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Rahman, Mahmudur. "Lactational amenorrhoea, infant feeding patterns and behaviour in urban Bangladeshi women." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326847.

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Ho, Yen-Ju. "Maternal Attitudes related to Infant Feeding and Breastfeeding Behaviors in Taiwan." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2081.

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Background: The government in Taiwan has promoted breastfeeding in recent years yet, exclusive initiation rates and continuation of breastfeeding remain low. Maternal attitudes have been found to be better predictors of infant feeding method during the postpartum period than socio-demographic factors. Understanding maternal attitudes related to infant feeding in Taiwan will support the development of better targeted, more effective health promotion programs aimed at increasing breastfeeding rates. Objectives: To examine maternal attitudes toward breastfeeding and the relationship of these factors to breastfeeding duration at six weeks postpartum. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) was translated into Chinese for this study; a secondary aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the translated tool. Design: A prospective longitudinal study. Setting: A public hospital in Taichung City, Taiwan. Participants: Using convenience sample. 140 in-hospital breastfeeding mothers were recruited in the hospital setting to complete the IIFAS. A total of 120 (86%) completed 3 week follow-up interview and of those who continued to breastfeed 102 women (100%) were contacted at 6 weeks and completed the study protocol. Methods: Following a systematic translation procedure, mothers completed IIFAS questionnaire in the hospital. Then, participating women were contacted by telephone at three weeks and six weeks postpartum to obtain information regarding infant feeding status and duration. Results: Maternal breastfeeding attitudes were the only predictive factor of the breastfeeding duration (p=0.05). The Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was 0.73. In-hospital IIFAS scores significantly predicted infant feeding methods at six weeks postpartum. 72.9% (n=102) of the mothers were breastfeeding their infants, of which 37 mothers (26.4%) were exclusively breastfeeding, 65 mothers (46.4%) were partially breastfeeding at three weeks postpartum. These102 breastfeeding mothers were continued to be followed through six weeks postpartum. 62.1% (n=87) were still breastfeeding their infants, of which 34 mothers (24.3%) were exclusively breastfeeding and 53 mothers (37.9%) were partially breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum. Insufficient milk supply was the reason most often given for discontinuing breastfeeding. Conclusions: Maternal attitudes were related to breastfeeding duration. This study provides evidence that the translated version of the IIFAS is a valid and reliable tool to assess breastfeeding attitudes among Taiwanese mothers in the population tested. Breastfeeding rates showed that the low rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Health professionals might use this tool to identify mothers at increase risk for not continuing with exclusive breastfeeding and intervention strategies need to be developed to improve rates of successful exclusive breastfeeding.

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Westrup, Björn. "Developmentally supportive neonatal care : a study of the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) in a Swedish environment /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-504-2/.

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Higley, Elizabeth. "Nighttime interactions and mother-infant attachment at one year." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 57 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397907431&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Parkinson, Kathryn N. "Feeding behaviour in late infancy." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1055/.

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Randle, Valerie R. L. "Naming and categorisation in pre-school infants." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310869.

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Triulzi, Mary Beth. "Do the Pikler and RIE methods promote infant-parent attachment?" View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/7235.

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Anness, Lorna Margaret. "Social relationships of infants of resident females and infants of immigrant females in mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei)." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2198.

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This study compares social behavior of infants of resident mothers and infants of immigrant mothers in social groups of the mountain gorilla, Gorilla gorilla beringei. Infants of immigrant mothers spent more time in proximity to their mothers during group resting. They spent more time in solo play and less time in social play during group feeding. Their opportunity for social interaction with peers may be restricted mostly to group rest periods and their social play levels during this time are higher than infants with resident mothers. However, during both group resting and feeding they spent less time near other infants and they initiated fewer dyadic play bouts.

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Bell, Margaret H. "The determinants of naming in human infants." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310919.

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Molkenboer, Anne-Sophie E. "Behaviour and weight gain in early infancy." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4473/.

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Slow weight gain in infancy is the core sign of failure to thrive. However, it is far from clear what the cause of the slow weight gain in infancy is. Failure to thrive is mostly identified late in the first year at which time it becomes problematic to ascertain its causes retrospectively. The current study was designed to investigate weight gain and behaviour in the early weeks of infancy in a prospective study. Seventy-five eight-week old infants were recruited according to their weight gain from birth to eight weeks, and classified as having slow, average or fast weight gain. Infants and their mothers were observed during two feeds. Mother-infant interaction and sucking behaviour were assessed. In addition, mothers completed questionnaires on the infant's temperament and behaviour (such as sleeping and crying), and on their own eating behaviour and adaptation to motherhood. All infants were followed up at six months and weighed again. The follow-up weight at six months allowed the identification of infants with failure to thrive as traditionally clinically defined. Six infants were identified as failing to thrive at six months, all of which had slow weight gain from birth to eight weeks. The behaviours measured through observation and the questionnaires were investigated in relation to weight gain from birth to eight weeks and six months. No significant relationship was found between weight gain and maternal adaptation, the mother's eating behaviour or infant behaviour. One sucking behaviour parameter estimate, pause length, end, was found to be significantly related to weight gain to eight weeks. This result however, was entirely attributable to the estimates of one infant. This infant had particularly poor sucking behaviour and very slow weight gain from birth to eight weeks. Infant temperament, and in particular the infant's level of fear was related to weight gain from birth to eight weeks. Infants with higher levels of fear were more likely to have slow weight gain. The length of the feed, from which the sucking behaviour was observed, was related to weight gain, with infants with long feeds being more likely to have slow weight gain.

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Kroeker, Rosalie. "Rhythmic behaviors in typically developing infants, and infants with later diagnosed autism or developmental delay /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9099.

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McCalla, M. Katherine. "The role of maternal behavior and toddler compliance in the development of problem behaviors." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/rp/mccallam/mmccalla.pdf.

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Gardner-Roberts, David. "From birth to five : infant development and maternal behaviour in Gombe chimpanzees." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299158.

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Howell, Amy E. "The relationship between infant feeding methods and smoking behaviors in postpartum women." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/174.

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Thesis (B.S.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains 36 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-27). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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King, Margaret. "The behavioural and emotional reaction of the Romans to infant mortality." Thesis, Online version, 1997. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/22511.

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Song, Lulu. "Infants' categorization of intransitive human actions." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 146 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885693311&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Johnson, Eric Michael. "Bonobo maternal style, status-seeking and infant behavior a preliminary study /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/E_Johnson_110107.pdf.

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Macke, Judith Kuhn. "Analgesia for neonatal circumcisions : effects on behavior and mother/infant interactions /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078451761.

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Gebremeskel, Tamiru. "The impact of early childbearing on maternal behaviour and infant health in Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-106261.

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This study assessed how early motherhood influences maternal behavior and infant healthin Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2011 were used.Descriptive and Multinomial analysis were performed to observe the determinants of antenatalcare visits and birth weight. Cox regression model was employed for analyzing the risk of infantmortality. Findings clearly show that young maternal age at birth was associated with asignificantly lower number of ANC visits and increased the risk of infant mortality. However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of having babies with a low birth weight byage. Apart from maternal age at birth, education, wealth status, place of residence and ethnicityhad a stronger significant effect on outcome variables.In conclusion, this study demonstrated that young age at birth has an effect on utilizationof ANC service and infant health. For a favorable maternal behavior and infant health outcomewe strongly suggest that the following should be considered-: strong enforcement of minimumage at marriage abided by law, promoting young women’s education, and adequate andaffordable health care services in remote rural areas where health clinics are inaccessible.

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Khalsa, Amrik S. "Parental Intuitive Eating Behaviors and its Association with Infant Feeding Styles in a Minority Population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522412745819219.

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Ogg, Siri A. "Exploring the infant-feeding decisions of adolescent mothers." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.

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50

Najafee, Robert H. "Behavioural response to formalin-induced pain and morphine analgesia in infant rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33428.

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In the hospital setting, infant pain is frequently poorly diagnosed and managed. In the present study we investigated the behavioural response to severe pain in the developing nervous system as well as the degree to which morphine can produce adequate analgesia.
We describe the behavioural response in 3 and 15 day old rat pups to intraplantar injection of formalin at concentrations capable of inducing c-Fos. These concentrations are 10-fold higher than that necessary to evoke continuous pain behaviour over a period 40--60 minutes. Dose-effect relations for morphine were examined to determine if pain continued to increase with formalin concentration, in the presence of maximal levels of pain behaviour.
Pain behaviour increased in intensity and duration with formalin concentration in infant rats, despite the presence of a behavioural ceiling, as illustrated by the increased morphine requirement for analgesia. Non-specific pain behaviour and sleep/wake states were altered by severe pain. The analgesic effects of morphine were found to be independent of its sedative effects in both age groups. Moreover, in rat pups, full analgesia cannot be obtained by subtoxic doses of morphine when high formalin concentrations are used. These data suggest that severe pain is not fully controllable in the infant due to immaturity of the substrates of opioid analgesia, and raise ethical questions about the use of high formalin concentrations in immature animals. The data also underline the need for adequate pain measures in human infants that can distinguish between pain relief, sedation and coping behaviour.

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