Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inequality of outcome- India

Academic literature on the topic 'Inequality of outcome- India'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Inequality of outcome- India"

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Chauhan, Shekhar, Ratna Patel, and Shubham Kumar. "Prevalence, factors and inequalities in chronic disease multimorbidity among older adults in India: analysis of cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e053953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053953.

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ObjectiveThis study examines the prevalence, patterns and factors of chronic disease-related multimorbidity. Also, this study examines the inequality in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in India.DesignCross-sectional study; large nationally representative survey data.Setting and participantsWe have used the first wave of a Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted in 2017–2018 across all the 35 states (excluded Sikkim) and union territories in India. This study used information from 31 373 older people aged 60+years in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variable for this study is multimorbidity. The study used multinomial logistic regression to examine the risk factors for multimorbidity among older adults. To measure the inequality in multimorbidity, the slope of index inequality and relative index of inequality have been used to understand the ranked-based inequality.ResultsAlmost one-fourth (24.1%) reported multimorbidity. The relative risk ratio (RRR) of multimorbidity (RRR=2.12; 95% CI=1.49 to 3.04) was higher among higher educated older adults than uneducated older adults. Furthermore, the RRR of multimorbidity (RRR=2.35; 95% CI=2.02 to 2.74) was higher among urban older adults than their rural counterparts. Older adults in the richest wealth quintile were more likely to report multimorbidities (RRR=2.86; 95% CI=2.29 to 3.55) than the poorest older adults. Good self-rated health and no activities of daily living disability were associated with a lower risk of multimorbidities.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the comprehensive knowledge of the prevalence, factors and inequality of the chronic disease-related multimorbidity among older adults in India. Considering India’s ageing population and high prevalence of multimorbidity, the older adults must be preferred in disease prevention and health programmes, however, without compromising other subpopulations in the country. There is a need to develop geriatric healthcare services in India. Additionally, there is a need to disseminate awareness and management of multimorbidity among urban and highly educated older adults.
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Raushan, Rajesh, Sanghmitra S. Acharya, and Mukesh Ravi Raushan. "Caste and Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Health and Nutrition in India: Evidences from National Family Health Survey." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 3, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v3i2.450.

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This study is on caste inequality in child health outcomes: mortality, malnutrition and anaemia for the year 1998/99 to year 2019/21 and examines the association of socio-economic factors with outcomes. Disparity ratio (DR) and Concentration Index (CI) are computed to examine inequality in outcomes. The association of socio-economic factors was modelled using logit regression. The study finds marginalised group were more likely to have poor health outcomes. The disparity ratio found increased among SC and ST compared to Others during 1998-99 and 2019-21. The value of the concentration index was found high on U5MR among SC and ST. Among SC and ST, the child health outcome greatly varies for poorest and richest. Odds ratio is 40-60 per cent higher for SC and ST compared to children belonging to Others. On socio-economic factors; land ownership and wealth status contribute significantly but house ownership not so. Caste-based inequality is still impacting health and nutrition of children in the country. The more focused inclusive policy and clustering of marginalised groups at regional level can be helpful in improving health and nutrition of marginalised children concentrated in different regions with equity lens to push the SDG Goals.
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Kumar, Rishi, and Shravanth Mandava. "Institutional deliveries in India: a study of associates and inequality." International Journal of Social Economics 49, no. 5 (February 21, 2022): 726–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2021-0444.

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PurposeIndia has shown good progress in maternal health outcome indicators. However, an area for improvement is to ensure all deliveries take place in institutions under the supervision of skilled birth attendants. This paper attempts to identify the factors that affect institutional deliveries using nationally representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data. Further, the authors investigate the factors contributing to the wealth-based inequality in institutional deliveries.Design/methodology/approachTo address the first aspect of identifying the factors associated with undergoing an institutional delivery, the authors have used logistic and multinominal logistic models. The explanatory variables are broadly socio-economic indicators of the mother and a few other household characteristics. Further, the concentration index and regression-based decomposition were used to carry out an inequality analysis in the institutional deliveries across different wealth groups.FindingsThe authors found that women belonging to poor households, backward social groups and rural areas have significantly fewer odds of undergoing an institutional delivery. Age and education level of the mother, number of antenatal visits during pregnancy and place of residence (urban/rural) have contributed to the inequality in institutional deliveries in 2005–2006. However, the inequality due to these factors went down drastically in 2015–2016.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is a distinct attempt to use pooled data of the NFHS-3 [2005–2006] and NFHS-4 [2015–2016] in identifying factors contributing to a woman undergoing an institutional-based delivery. The study also decomposes the wealth-based inequality in the factors contributing to having an institutional delivery and analyses the contributions to inequality across the two time periods.
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Kundu, Jhumki, and Ruchira Chakraborty. "Socio-economic inequalities in burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases among older adults in India: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–18." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): e0283385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283385.

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Developing countries like India grapple with significant challenges due to the double burden of communicable and non-communicable disease in older adults. Examining the distribution of the burden of different communicable and non-communicable diseases among older adults can present proper evidence to policymakers to deal with health inequality. The present study aimed to determine socioeconomic inequality in the burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases among older adults in India. This study used Longitudinal Ageing study in India (LASI), Wave 1, conducted during 2017–2018. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis was used in the present study to reveal the initial results. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the outcome variables (communicable and non-communicable disease) and the chosen set of separate explanatory variables. For measurement of socioeconomic inequality, concentration curve and concentration index along with state wise poor-rich ratio was calculated. Additionally, Wagstaff’s decomposition of the concentration index approach was used to reveal the contribution of each explanatory variable to the measured health inequality (Communicable and non- communicable disease). The study finds the prevalence of communicable and non-communicable disease among older adults were 24.9% and 45.5% respectively. The prevalence of communicable disease was concentrated among the poor whereas the prevalence of NCDs was concentrated among the rich older adults, but the degree of inequality is greater in case of NCD. The CI for NCD is 0.094 whereas the CI for communicable disease is -0.043. Economic status, rural residence are common factors contributing inequality in both diseases; whereas BMI and living environment (house type, drinking water source and toilet facilities) have unique contribution in explaining inequality in NCD and communicable diseases respectively. This study significantly contributes in identifying the dichotomous concentration of disease prevalence and contributing socio- economic factors in the inequalities.
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Lawson, Nicholas, and Dean Spears. "Those who can't sort, steal: caste, occupational mobility, and rent-seeking in rural India." Journal of Demographic Economics 87, no. 1 (March 2021): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2020.21.

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AbstractThree important features of Indian labor markets enduringly coexist: rent-seeking, occupational immobility, and caste. These facts are puzzling, given theories that predict static, equilibrium social inequality without conflict. Our model explains these facts as an equilibrium outcome. Some people switch caste-associated occupations for an easier source of rents, rather than for productivity. This undermines trust between castes and shuts down occupational mobility, which further encourages rent-seeking due to an inability of workers to sort into occupations. We motivate our contribution with novel stylized facts exploiting a unique survey question on casteism in India, which we show is associated with rent-seeking.
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Tendulkar, Suresh D., and L. R. Jain. "Economic Growth, Relative Inequality, and Equity: The Case of India." Asian Development Review 13, no. 02 (January 1995): 138–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110595000108.

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This paper examines the links between economic growth, relative inequality, and equity (defined as an unambiguous reduction in poverty as well as an increase in social welfare) in the Indian context. For this purpose, the equivalent analytical results on poverty and social welfare orderings are applied to the price-adjusted size distributions of consumer expenditure for the rural, urban, and entire (rural plus urban) population of India over eight time-points between 1970 and 1989. Unambiguous improvement in poverty and social welfare was indicated in as many as 20 (rural), 21 (urban), and 22 (entire) populations out of 28 binary comparisons each. Improvement under somewhat more stringent assumptions was indicated in eight more cases. As many as 32 out of 71 comparisons involving improved equity were characterized by a rise in relative inequality. These results indicate that contrary to the earlier widely held perceptions, compared with the 1970s which was characterized by slow economic growth, the faster rate of growth in India in the 1980s was associated with more frequent equitable distributional outcomes.
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Barua, Somdutta. "Spatial inequality and explaining the urban-rural gap in obesity in India: Evidence from 2015–16 population-based survey." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): e0279840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279840.

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Objective This study assessed the spatial dimension of urban-rural disparity in obesity prevalence and identified the determinants explaining the urban-rural gap in obesity prevalence in India. Methods Using cross-sectional survey data from the 2015–16 National Family Health Survey, the prevalence rates of obesity were calculated for aged 15–49 years. Two multiscale geographically weighted regressions were performed separately from rural and urban spaces for Indian districts to examine the spatial relationship of the outcome variable and covariates at different geographical scales. Fairlie decomposition analysis was carried out to explore the contribution of each variable in the urban-rural gap. Results The rural-urban obesity prevalence difference has increased in a decade time for India from 13.0 to 14.6. Urban counterparts tended to have more people with excess weight. 15 states had an urban-rural prevalence ratio of 2 or higher. The MGWR model showed that varying covariates operated at different scales, i.e. global, regional and local scales, and determined the spatial heterogeneity of obesity prevalence. The only variable, i.e. age (9.49 per cent), had contributed in reducing the gap. Conversely, the socioeconomic variables, i.e. income (96.39 per cent), education (4.95 per cent), caste (4.78 per cent) and occupation (3.11 per cent), had widened the gap. Conclusions Even though this study evidenced the rural-urban gap in obesity prevalence, it indicated the gap’s closing shortly, as it was witnessed in a few states. It is urgent to address the obesity epidemic, especially in urban India, due to its higher prevalence and prevent the further increase of prevalence in rural India, mainly because it shelters nearly 70 per cent of the Indian population.
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Acharya, Kiran, Dinesh Dharel, Raj Kumar Subedi, Asmita Bhattarai, and Yuba Raj Paudel. "Inequalities in full vaccination coverage based on maternal education and wealth quintiles among children aged 12–23 months: further analysis of national cross-sectional surveys of six South Asian countries." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e046971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046971.

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ObjectiveThis study was conducted to compare full vaccination coverage and its inequalities (by maternal education and household wealth quintile).DesignThis further analysis was based on the data from national-level cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from six countries in South Asia.SettingWe used most recent DHS data from six South Asian countries: Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and the Maldives. The sample size of children aged 12–23 months ranged from 6697 in the Maldives to 628 900 in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo measure absolute and relative inequalities of vaccination coverage, we used regression-based inequality measures, slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII), respectively, by maternal education and wealth quintile.ResultsFull vaccination coverage was the highest in Bangladesh (84%) and the lowest in Afghanistan (46%), with an average of 61.5% for six countries. Pakistan had the largest inequalities in coverage both by maternal education (SII: −50.0, RII: 0.4) and household wealth quintile (SII: −47.1, RII: 0.5). Absolute inequalities were larger by maternal education compared with wealth quintile in four of the six countries. The relative index of inequality by maternal education was lower in Pakistan (0.5) and Afghanistan (0.5) compared with Nepal (0.7), India (0.7) and Bangladesh (0.7) compared with rest of the countries. By wealth quintiles, RII was lower in Pakistan (0.5) and Afghanistan (0.6) and higher in Nepal (0.9) and Maldives (0.9).ConclusionsThe full vaccination coverage in 12–23 months old children was below 85% in all six countries. Inequalities by maternal education were more profound than household wealth-based inequalities in four of six countries studied, supporting the benefits of maternal education to improve child health outcome.
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Sivaramakrishnan, K. "Social Structures and Spatial Alignments of Agrarian Urbanisation." Urbanisation 6, no. 1 (May 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24557471211016597.

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Agrarian urbanisation has gathered pace and intensity in the last few decades after economic liberalisation in India. A faster rate of economic growth has exacerbated the extraction of rural natural resources to supply increased urban demands. At the same time, rural landscapes have been transformed by expanded infrastructure, new industrial ventures, conservation projects and urban sprawl. These processes have been mediated by shifting patterns of caste power and political mobilisation. However, they also seem to have exacerbated social inequality while making historically marginalised groups such as Dalits and Adivasis suffer greater dispossession and livelihood precarity. Case studies from different regions of India reveal both the socio-economic dynamics of regional variation in these broad outcomes of agrarian urbanism, and the cross-regional patterns of environmental degradation, exacerbated inequality and difficulties faced by agrarian society in reproducing itself as an integral part of Indian prosperity and progress.
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Bhattacharya, Prabir C. "Economic Development, Gender Inequality, and Demographic Outcomes: Evidence from India." Population and Development Review 32, no. 2 (June 2006): 263–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00118.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inequality of outcome- India"

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Kumar, Utsav. "Essays on inequality and reforms evidence from India /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7164.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Stewart, Ross King. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth: The Case of India." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117362.

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L'entorn econòmic de l'Índia ha canviat significativament a partir de la seva independència de Gran Bretanya l'any 1947. Després de més de tres dècades de creixement econòmic mediocre, els 80 va marcar el començament d'una nova etapa d'altes taxes de creixement econòmic a partir de noves polítiques econòmiques més orientades a una més competitiva economia de mercat. Tot i la millora en taxes de creixement, aquest model de creixement es basava en gran mesura en un gran protagonisme per part de la despesa pública, el que va precipitar la crisi financera de 1991. Com a resultat d'aquesta crisi i l'assistència proporcionada pel FMI, es van introduir reformes desreguladores i liberalitzadores. La dècada dels 90 va ser acompanyada de taxes de creixement encara més altes que la dècada anterior. En la dècada més recent, els 2000, l'obertura estable de l'economia Índia ha permès taxes de creixement més altes que en les dècades anteriors. Desafortunadament, aquest gran creixement econòmic ha anat acompanyat amb un augment important dels nivells de desigualtat d'ingrés durant aquest mateix període, tant a nivell nacional com entre els estats que formen part de l'Índia. Aquesta tesi es concentra en l'estudi de la relació entre creixement econòmic i desigualtat de l'ingrés, tant a nivell nacional com entre els estats. Aquest projecte de recerca també inclou cobertura exhaustiva respecte a l'evolució d'altres variables macroeconòmiques als dos nivells: nacional i inter-estatal.
El entorno económico de la India ha cambiado significativamente a partir de su independencia de Gran Bretaña en el año 1947. Después de más de tres décadas de crecimiento económico mediocre, los 80 marcó el comienzo de una nueva etapa de altas tasas de crecimiento económico a partir de nuevas políticas económicas más orientadas a una más competitiva economía de mercado. A pesar de la mejora en tasas de crecimiento, dicho modelo de crecimiento se basaba en gran medida en un gran protagonismo por parte del gasto público, lo que precipitó la crisis financiera de 1991. Como resultado de dicha crisis, y la asistencia proporcionada por el FMI se introdujeron reformas desreguladoras y liberalizadoras. La década de los 90 fue acompañada de tasas de crecimiento aún más altas que la década anterior. En la década más reciente, los 2000, la apertura estable de la economía India ha permitido tasas de crecimiento más altas que en las décadas anteriores. Desafortunadamente, este gran crecimiento económico ha ido acompañado con un aumento importante de los niveles de desigualdad de ingreso durante este mismo periodo, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados que forman parte de la India. Esta tesis se concentra en el estudio de la relación entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad del ingreso, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados. Dicho proyecto de investigación también incluye cobertura exhaustiva con respecto a la evolución de otras variables macroeconómicas a los dos niveles: nacional e inter-estatal.
India’s economic climate has experienced significant change since its independence from Great Britain in 1947. After more than three decades of mediocre economic growth, the 1980s ushered in a new era of accelerated growth rates by way of promoting a more efficient pro-business model. Despite the improvement in growth rates, the 1980s were fueled by over zealous public spending, precipitating the well-known financial crisis in 1991. As a result of the crisis, and the IMF supplied aid contingent on the introduction of gradual deregulatory reforms of the Indian economy, the 1990s brought about even greater economic growth rates than the previous decade. Into the 2000s, India’s continued and steady opening has afforded even further acceleration in growth rates. Despite these positive developments in the Indian economy, the unfortunate truth is that income inequality has likewise been increasing over this same period, most notably across the states. This dissertation endeavors to apply the established macroeconomic field dedicated to the study of income inequality’s effect on economic growth to the case of India, both at the national level and even more critically at the state level. Our research also includes exhaustive coverage regarding the evolution of other relevant macroeconomic variables across states, as well as nationally.
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Rajan, Keertichandra. "The consequences and causes of income inequality in India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708256.

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Eckstein, Michael Bernard. "Childhood cataract in south India : aetiology, management and outcome." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299852.

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Saxena, Vibhor. "Essays on inequality and discrimination : caste, religion and gender in India." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2835.

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This thesis estimates the inequality on the basis of caste and religion, and analyses the socio-economic structural factors in determining sex ratios in India. In the first part of the thesis, the inequality spaces are determined by average household income and access to clean energy sources at the household level. The regression estimates suggest that the scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and Muslims are significantly worse off in comparison to the upper caste Hindu households (others) in the sample. However, the summary of the results in the first part is that the Muslim households appear to be either significantly better off or indifferent to the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households. Post regression, Oxaca-Blinder methodology is also employed to measure the proportion of discrimination among the predicted outcomes in the first part of thesis. The results in the second part of the thesis, which distinguishes the discussion of child sex ratios (0-6 age group) from juvenile sex ratios (0-14 age group), show that the cultural factors play a major role in determining the child sex ratios, rather than women’s agency and economic development. However, the regression results of the juvenile sex ratios indicate the positive impact of economic development and women’s agency variables. The separate regression analysis of the tribal population in the second part suggests similarities between the regression results of the tribal population and the total population. However, the important deduction is that the scheduled tribes of India are emulating the culture of gender inequality with the increasing proximity of ‘Hindu population’. Failure of the previous policies and new suggestions are considered.
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Mukherjee, Anirban. "Tribal education in India : an examination of cultural imposition and inequality." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1520.

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Majumdar, Shibalee. "Essays on Inequality and Development." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291054538.

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Mengers, Harry Albertus. "Urban development in the state Karnataka, India : policies, actors and outcome /." [Saarbrucken] : Verlag fur Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrucken, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376301081.

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Pandey, A. "Socioeconomic inequality in healthcare utilization and expenditure in the older population of India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4645412/.

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Background: Equity in access and financing healthcare is a key determinant of population health. This study examined the socioeconomic inequality in healthcare utilization and expenditure contrasting older (60 years or more) with younger (under 60 years) population in India over two decades. Methods: National Sample Survey data from all states of India on healthcare utilization (NSS-HUS 1995–96, NSS-HUS 2004 and NSS-HUS 2014) and consumer expenditure (NSS-CES 1993–94, NSS-CES 1999–2000, NSS-CES 2004–05 and NSS-CES 2011–12) were used. Logistic, generalized linear and fractional response models were used to analyze the determinants of healthcare utilization and burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. Deviations in the degree to which healthcare was utilized according to need was measured by a horizontal inequity index with 95% confidence interval (HI, 95% CI). Findings: When compared with younger population, the older population had higher self-reported morbidity rate (4.1 times), outpatient care rate (4.3 times), hospitalization rate (3.6 times), and proportion of hospitalization for non-communicable diseases (80.5% vs 56.7%) in 2014. Amongst the older population, the hospitalization rates were comparatively lower for female, poor and rural residents. Untreated morbidity was disproportionately higher for the poor, more so for the older (HI: -0.320; 95% CI: -0.391, -0.249) than the younger (-0.176; -0.211, -0.141) population in 2014. Outpatient care in public facilities increased for the poor over time, more so for the older than the younger population. Households with older persons only had higher median per capita OOP payments (2.47-4.00 times across NSS-CES and 3.10-5.09 times across NSS-HUS) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) (1.01-2.99 times across NSS-CES and 1.10-1.89 times across NSS-HUS) than the other households. The odds of CHE were significantly higher in households with older persons, households headed by females and rural households. Both the vertical and horizontal inequities in OOP payments for hospitalization by the older population increased between 1995 and 2014. Conclusion: These findings can be used for developing an equitable health policy that can more effectively provide healthcare protection to the increasing older population in India.
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Furuta, Manabu. "Three Essays on the Indian Manufacturing: Wage Inequality, Export and Informality." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225372.

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Books on the topic "Inequality of outcome- India"

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Borooah, Vani K. Gender and caste-based inequality in health outcomes in India. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, 2012.

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Nutritional inequality in India. Trivandrum: Centre for Development Studies, 1985.

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De, Utpal Kumar, Manoranjan Pal, and Premananda Bharati, eds. Inequality, Poverty and Development in India. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6274-2.

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India: Trade, poverty, inequality, and democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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1948-, Kundu Amitabh, and Indian Council of Social Science Research., eds. Inequality, mobility, and urbanisation: China & India. New Delhi: Indian Council of Social Science Research and Manak Publications, 2000.

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Nagaraj, R., ed. Growth, Inequality and Social Development in India. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137000767.

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Vlassoff, Carol. Gender Equality and Inequality in Rural India. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137373922.

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Drèze, Jean. Democratic practice and social inequality in India. New Delhi: Institute of Social Sciences, 2002.

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Mazumdar, Dipak. Globalization, labor markets, and inequality in India. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2007.

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Arvind, Chaturvedi. Consumption expenditure and inequality in rural India. Noida: Birla Economic Research Foundation, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inequality of outcome- India"

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Borooah, Vani Kant. "Wage Inequality." In Disparity and Discrimination in Labour Market Outcomes in India, 163–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16264-1_6.

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Borooah, Vani Kant. "Labour Market Inequality." In Disparity and Discrimination in Labour Market Outcomes in India, 31–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16264-1_2.

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Bodh, P. C. "An outcome analysis." In Farmers’ Suicides in India, 84–105. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429244186-7.

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Kumar, Sanjay. "Turnout and electoral outcome." In Elections in India, 77–106. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003186717-5.

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Miglani, Seema. "Outcome-Based Budgeting in India *." In Public Sector Reformand Performance Management in Emerging Economies, 328–44. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies in management, organizations and society: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003004103-14-22.

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Subramanian, S. "Economic Inequality in India and the World." In Inequality and Poverty, 43–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8185-0_13.

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Borooah, Vani Kant. "Inequality and Well-Being." In Health and Well-Being in India, 223–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78328-4_7.

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Swarup, Biswa. "Infrastructure and regional inequality." In Development and Economic Growth in India, 116–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003278351-6.

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Swarup, Biswa. "Inequality in Indian States." In Development and Economic Growth in India, 55–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003278351-3.

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Chyrmang, Rikil. "Economic Inequality and Migration." In Handbook of Internal Migration in India, 651–69. B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, Mathura Road New Delhi 110 044: SAGE Publications Pvt Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353287788.n48.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inequality of outcome- India"

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Dutta, Sujan, Parth Srivastava, Vaishnavi Solunke, Swaprava Nath, and Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh. "Disentangling Societal Inequality from Model Biases: Gender Inequality in Divorce Court Proceedings." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/661.

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Divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage by a court. Since this is usually an unpleasant outcome of a marital union, each party may have reasons to call the decision to quit which is generally documented in detail in the court proceedings. Via a substantial corpus of 17,306 court proceedings, this paper investigates gender inequality through the lens of divorce court proceedings. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever large-scale computational analysis of gender inequality in Indian divorce, a taboo-topic for ages. While emerging data sources (e.g., public court records made available on the web) on sensitive societal issues hold promise in aiding social science research, biases present in cutting-edge natural language processing (NLP) methods may interfere with or affect such studies. A thorough analysis of potential gaps and limitations present in extant NLP resources is thus of paramount importance. In this paper, on the methodological side, we demonstrate that existing NLP resources required several non-trivial modifications to quantify societal inequalities. On the substantive side, we find that while a large number of court cases perhaps suggest changing norms in India where women are increasingly challenging patriarchy, AI-powered analyses of these court proceedings indicate striking gender inequality with women often subjected to domestic violence.
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Plick, William, Robert Fickler, Radek Lapkiewicz, and Sven Ramelow. "A robust Bell inequality without two-outcome measurements." In High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2014.jw2a.50.

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Acharya, Arunasish, Smita Sadhu, and T. K. Ghoshal. "State inequality constraint based method for rail navigation." In 2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2010.5712612.

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Farhoodi, Marjaneh, and Mohammad T. H. Beheshti. "Extended linear matrix inequality approach to multiobjective output feedback controller design." In 2008 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2008.4768782.

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Palanivelan, M., S. N. Murugesan, and M. Subbiah. "Outcome Based Engineering Education - The Current Scenario in India." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tale54877.2022.00143.

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Mansuriya, Jaimin, Rajesh Chawla, Ravi Shekhar Jha, Uday Aditya Gupta, and Tarun Rao. "Clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcome of ARDS in India." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa2142.

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Kulkarni, U. P., S. B. Kulkarni, K. C. Shindhe, and A. N. Joshi. "Policy-Level Reforms for Outcome Based Engineering Education in India." In 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on MOOCs, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mite.2017.00007.

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Mejova, Yelena, Harsh Rajiv Gandhi, Tejas Jivanbhai Rafaliya, Mayank Rameshbhai Sitapara, Ridhi Kashyap, and Ingmar Weber. "Measuring Subnational Digital Gender Inequality in India through Gender Gaps in Facebook Use." In COMPASS '18: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209811.3212698.

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Mayurappriyan, P. S., N. Loganathan, M. Shanmugapriya, P. Anbarasu, and P. K. Adhi Sakthi. "Evolution Of Outcome Based Engineering Education In India – A Case Study." In 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs51430.2021.9441676.

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Choudhury, Pradeep. "An Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequality in Household Investment in Private Schooling: The Case of India." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1880834.

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Reports on the topic "Inequality of outcome- India"

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Krishna, Pravin, and Guru Sethupathy. Trade and Inequality in India. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17257.

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Gupta, Arpit, Anup Malani, and Bartosz Woda. Inequality in India Declined During COVID. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29597.

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Khurana, Saloni, Kanika Mahajan, and Kunal Sen. Minimum wages and changing wage inequality in India. UNU-WIDER, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2023/375-8.

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Seraina, Rüegger, Madhushree Sekher, and Bütikofer Sarah. How Perceived Inequality Can Lead to Political Unrest: Lessons from India. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2019.3.en.

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The perception of inequality is often more important than objectively measured inequalities. Research conducted in India, one of the most diverse countries in the world, helps us to understand exactly what feeds the perception of injustice, which often results in political unrest. Research on perceived inequalities contributes to a better understanding of how democratic institutions may prevent ethnic conflict escalation.
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Munshi, Kaivan, and Mark Rosenzweig. Why is Mobility in India so Low? Social Insurance, Inequality, and Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14850.

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Sivadasan, Jagadeesh, and Joel Slemrod. Tax Law Changes, Income Shifting and Measured Wage Inequality: Evidence from India. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12240.

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Mullahy, John. Individual Results May Vary: Elementary Analytics of Inequality-Probability Bounds, with Applications to Health-Outcome Treatment Effects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23603.

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Juden, Matthew, Tichaona Mapuwei, Till Tietz, Rachel Sarguta, Lily Medina, Audrey Prost, Macartan Humphreys, et al. Process Outcome Integration with Theory (POInT): academic report. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp5.

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This paper describes the development and testing of a novel approach to evaluating development interventions – the POInT approach. The authors used Bayesian causal modelling to integrate process and outcome data to generate insights about all aspects of the theory of change, including outcomes, mechanisms, mediators and moderators. They partnered with two teams who had evaluated or were evaluating complex development interventions: The UPAVAN team had evaluated a nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention in Odisha, India, and the DIG team was in the process of evaluating a disability-inclusive poverty graduation intervention in Uganda. The partner teams’ theory of change were adapted into a formal causal model, depicted as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The DAG was specified in the statistical software R, using the CausalQueries package, having extended the package to handle large models. Using a novel prior elicitation strategy to elicit beliefs over many more parameters than has previously been possible, the partner teams’ beliefs about the nature and strength of causal links in the causal model (priors) were elicited and combined into a single set of shared prior beliefs. The model was updated on data alone as well as on data plus priors to generate posterior models under different assumptions. Finally, the prior and posterior models were queried to learn about estimates of interest, and the relative role of prior beliefs and data in the combined analysis.
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Desai, Sonalde. Gender Inequalities and Demographic Behavior: India. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1003.

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As India prepares for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), it is clear that the country’s population policy faces a number of serious challenges. Although India was the first country to announce an official family planning program in 1952, its population has grown from 361 million in 1951 to 844 million in 1991. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 ICPD. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. The purpose of the reports is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family’s central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.
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Mercado, Rogelio, Cyn-Young Park, and Juzhong Zhuang. Trends and Drivers of Income Inequality in the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam: A Decomposition Analysis. Asian Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230301-2.

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This paper examines the factors that have driven income inequality moderation in the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam over the past 2 decades. A decomposition of income inequality and its changes by income sources and household characteristics found that wage, nonfarm business income, and overseas remittance concentrations declined as less well-off households increasingly engaged in better-paying activities. Moderating income inequality might be the combined outcome of rising income opportunities, government policies promoting social inclusion, and positive impacts of structural transformation. Nonetheless, income inequality remains high, especially in the Philippines and Thailand. More policy efforts are still needed to make growth more inclusive.
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