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Journal articles on the topic 'Industry specialisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Biały, Witold. "The Possibilities of Production Engineering in the Development of Smart Specialisations Illustrated with the Example of the Silesian Voivodeship." Management Systems in Production Engineering 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-06-04-2016.

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Abstract Smart specialisations, a new area of economy/science which constitutes a new, growing economic specialisation based on utilising the unique natural resources of a region, connecting various branches of the industry, applying innovative technological solutions. Each Polish voivodeship has a specific list of smart specialisations aimed at creating new markets for economic activity, modernisation and increasing the region’s competitiveness. Using as an example the technical universities in the Silesian Voivodeship, the author considers the possibility of teaching future experts for Smart Specialisation implementation as part of the Production Engineering course. He signalises the potential and omissions.

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2

Purvis, Mark. "Seal industry surviving by specialisation." World Pumps 1995, no. 343 (April 1995): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(99)81307-8.

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3

Szwacka, Joanna, and Adam Miara. "THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION IN IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE FOOD SECTOR IN POLAND." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v7i1.5701.

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Company growth depends on competitiveness and innovation, which are largely contingent on the scale and scope of research and development undertaken. In the new EU financial framework for 2014-2020, R&D funding is contingent on compliance with research planned with regional smart specialisations. The article reviews the literature on factors in competitiveness, as well as the importance of smart specialisation in shaping the development of the food sector in Poland. The main objective of the article is to present the role and importance of smart specialisation for companies in the food industry seeking to build a competitive position.

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4

Cao, Hongjian, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, and Yumin Liu. "Intra-product Specialisation and the Innovation Ability of the High-technology Industry in China." Science, Technology and Society 22, no. 1 (March 2017): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721816682826.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of intra-product specialisation on the innovation ability of the high-technology industry in China. To achieve this research goal, we use the generalised method of moments (GMM) with a dynamic panel data model in our empirical research. Total factor productivity (TFP) and its decomposition variables are used to measure the innovation ability. The Malmquist index is employed to calculate TFP and its decomposition variables, namely, technology progress, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Previous studies show that intra-product specialisation can raise TFP, but our empirical results reveal that the impact of the intra-product specialisation on the TFP is uncertain: it decreases TFP in the initial period but increases it in the lag period. Results also indicate that an increase in the proportion of state-owned property rights exerts a positive influence on TFP and the change in pure technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is greatly influenced by intra-product specialisation, whereas intra-product specialisation exerts a slight influence on technological progress. The capital investment in research and development (R&D) has a positive effect on TFP, and the contribution rate of R&D labour input to TFP is relatively low. The main conclusion is that China need to improve the degree of intra-product specialisation, accelerate the evolution of industry technical standards and reduce the coordination cost of intra-product specialisation to enhance the innovation ability of the high-technology industry.

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5

Balassa, Bela, and Luc Bauwens. "Intra-Industry Specialisation in a Multi-Country and Multi-Industry Framework." Economic Journal 97, no. 388 (December 1987): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233080.

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6

Lowson, Bob. "Flexible Specialisation in the Clothing and Garment Industry." Management Research News 20, no. 2/3 (February 1997): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028547.

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7

McCorriston, Steve, and Ian Sheldon. "MEASURING PATTERNS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY SPECIALISATION WITHIN THE EC." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 36, no. 1 (February 1989): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1989.tb01077.x.

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8

Menon, Jayant. "Trade Liberalisation, Closer Economic Relations and Intra-Industry Specialisation." Australian Economic Review 27, no. 2 (April 1994): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1994.tb00832.x.

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9

Hine, Robert C. "Specialisation of Manufacturing Industry in the European Economic Space." International Journal of Manpower 12, no. 2 (February 1991): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437729110144790.

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10

Santangelo, Grazia D. "Corporate Technological Specialisation in the European Information and Communications Technology Industry." International Journal of Innovation Management 02, no. 03 (September 1998): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919698000158.

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This paper aims to test whether the same technological characteristics specific to the European ICT industry emerged over time in terms of large firms' profiles of specialisation. Against the background of an ongoing European integration process, the analysis takes into account the role played by country-specific factors. The increasing overlap between the ICT technological specialisation profiles of European multi-nationals seems to be the major finding of this paper. European technology policy might be identified as one of the factors explaining this pattern without, however, disregarding the broad impact of European integration, which has increased the extent of market-based and technology-based interaction between firms.

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11

Xu, Xiaolu, and Susan M. Albring. "Audit committee director-auditor interlocking, audit pricing and industry specialisation." International Journal of Corporate Governance 9, no. 4 (2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcg.2018.096273.

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12

Xu, Xiaolu, and Susan M. Albring. "Audit committee director-auditor interlocking, audit pricing and industry specialisation." International Journal of Corporate Governance 9, no. 4 (2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcg.2018.10017524.

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13

Hay, David, and Debra Jeter. "The pricing of industry specialisation by auditors in New Zealand." Accounting and Business Research 41, no. 2 (June 2011): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2011.550744.

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14

Asthana, Sharad, Rachana Kalelkar, and K. K. Raman. "Unintended consequences of Big 4 auditor office-level industry specialisation." International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation 14, no. 2/3 (2018): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaape.2018.091066.

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15

Asthana, Sharad, K. K. Raman, and Rachana Kalelkar. "Unintended consequences of Big 4 auditor office-level industry specialisation." International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation 14, no. 2/3 (2018): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaape.2018.10012073.

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16

Wolff, Edward N. "How persistent is industry specialisation over time in industrialised countries?" International Journal of Technology Management 19, no. 1/2 (2000): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2000.002811.

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17

Chen, Shenglan, and Hui Ma. "Competitive pressure, economies of scale, and auditor industry specialisation premium." China Journal of Accounting Studies 2, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21697213.2014.926197.

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18

Brown, Colin G., Scott A. Waldron, and John Francis Wilkins. "Specialisation and intensification of farming systems in Western China." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-04-2015-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact on household and farming systems of government efforts to modernise production, build scale and develop specialisation in the Tibet dairy industry. Design/methodology/approach An overview of policy strategies and industry developments is used to frame detailed micro-level analysis of household and farming systems where impacts on households are explored from both a comparative static and dynamic perspective. Findings Specialisation and intensification improve household returns but elicit major changes in the farming and household systems and engagement with external markets. For instance, scaling up from three to ten improved cows increases returns from farm activities by one-half but shifts households from a state of food self-sufficiency to one where they need to sell two-thirds of their dairy products and buy three-fifths of their livestock feed. Research limitations/implications The diversity among Tibetan farm households and the dynamic changes occurring in farm productivity, product markets and agrarian systems means that the empirical results are used as illustrative rather than definitive. Originality/value Relative to the large attention on the Chinese dairy industry with regard to food safety and industry development, the impacts of dairy specialisation on smallholders especially in western China have been overlooked. The case highlights several issues relevant to agrarian transition and development including changing labour use, risk exposure and engagement with external markets.

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19

Krishnan, Jayanthi. "A comparison of auditors' self-reported industry expertise and alternative measures of industry specialisation." Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics 8, no. 2 (December 2001): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2001.10510593.

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20

Chapman, Keith. "From ‘Growth Centre’ to ‘Cluster’: Restructuring, Regional Development, and the Teesside Chemical Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 4 (April 2005): 597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36270.

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Agglomeration offers both static, cost-based advantages and dynamic, innovation-related benefits to participating firms. These ideas have informed regional development policy from the growth poles/centres of the 1950/1960s to the contemporary focus on clusters. Although such policies imply the theoretical prospect of regional diversification by exploiting supply-chain and information-based/knowledge-based relationships, in practice they tend to promote regional specialisation. The experiences of many old industrial areas emphasise the risks of specialisation as advantages mutate into liabilities (territorial lock-in). These experiences are ignored in much of the clusters discourse which often lacks historical perspective. This paper provides such perspective by reflecting upon the relationships between the dynamics of industry evolution, agglomeration, and regional development policy with reference to the chemical industry on Teesside in North East England.

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21

Kijek, Tomasz, and Anna Matras-Bolibok. "Knowledge-intensive Specialisation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU Regional Scope." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 1 (2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068010181.

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The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of knowledge-intensive specialisation on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU regional scope. To calculate TFP defined as the aggregated output-input ratio, we employ the multiplicatively-complete Färe-Primont index as it satisfies all economically-relevant axioms and tests from the index number theory. The knowledge intensive specialisation of EU regions is captured by the statistics on high-tech industry and knowledge-intensive services, i.e. the employment in high-tech sectors as a percentage of total employment (HTS). The research sample consists of 248 EU regions at NUTS 2 level. The key findings of the study indicate that the employment in high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services is not distributed uniformly in the EU regional space. Similarly, TFP also varies substantially across the EU regions. Moreover, the results of the research model estimation show that specialisation in high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services directly affects regional TFP. The main implication of our analysis for the policymakers is to explore and support knowledge-intensive specialisation patterns, that should be built upon existing regional technological competencies and human capital endowment according to the smart specialisation strategies approach.

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22

Barzotto, Mariachiara, Carlo Corradini, Felicia Fai, Sandrine Labory, and Philip R. Tomlinson. "Smart specialisation, Industry 4.0 and lagging regions: some directions for policy." Regional Studies, Regional Science 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2020.1803124.

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23

Fase, M. M. G. "The statistical properties of Glejser's measure of intra-industry trade specialisation." Journal of International Economics 19, no. 3-4 (November 1985): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(85)90044-3.

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24

Gryga, Vitalii. "Foreign practices of smart specialisation and possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine." Economy and Forecasting 2019, no. 2 (2019): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.137.

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The paper is devoted to the issues of implementation of smart specialisation concept into the regional development policy of Ukraine. The relevance of the issue is related to the need of harmonization of the regional and innovation policies of Ukraine with the EU standards, on the one hand, and to forced incorporation of smart specialisation concept into the regional development strategies, on the other hand. The experience of the EU regions reveals certain peculiarities of the implementation of smart specialisation in regions with low institutional capacity, and therefore, their experience for Ukraine is the most useful. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to identify specific features of the implementation of smart specialisation in countries and regions with low institutional capacity and to provide recommendations for its implementation in Ukraine. Thus, the paper studies prerequisites for the emergence of smart specialisation in the EU, which is related to shortcomings in development and implementation of regional innovation strategies that did not sufficiently considered needs of the regions, or were focused on traditional sectors of industry. The peculiarities of the implementation of smart specialisation in countries/regions with low institutional capacity are also identified. They are related to strong focus of strategies on building links between innovation development actors, but insufficient attention was paid to the final stages of the innovation process. It is shown that such countries and regions need to make greater efforts in the implementation of smart specialisation through a substantial modification of the existing processes or initiating new processes in the domains of innovation and regional development policy making. Since the choice of policy tools is a serious problem for regions and countries with low institutional capacity, the paper provides a number of recommendations from European experts on this issue. In particular, it concerns the use of mini-mixes aimed at coping with a specific challenge or at developing a certain smart priority through the synergy / complex actions of various types of policy instruments (regulation, fiscal incentives, grants, human development and mobility). Considering the experience gained in the EU regions, some policy recommendations on the implementation of smart specialisation concept in Ukraine were developed. The recommendations are aimed at minimizing the risk of distortion of the smart specialisation concept and at the development of more effective action plans, in particular through broader involvement of European experts in the process of the implementation of smart specialisation in Ukraine on national and regional levels.

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25

Polan, Wojciech. "Intra-Industry Competitiveness of the European Union Member States by Industry in 2004–2015." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 28, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2018.028.

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The article aims to present the results of research into changes in the international competitive position of the European Union Member States in the period 2004–2015 on the basis of analysing the development of particular types of intra-industry trade (IIT) of manufactured goods. The investigation was based on the IIT share measurement methodology (Grubel, Lloyd 1975) and calculations of types of intra-industry trade (Greenaway, Hine, Milner 1994, 1995). Multilateral IIT indices were computed at the 6-digit CN code level on the basis of data published by Eurostat. As part of a larger research project funded by the National Science Centre, this analysis contributes to the assessment of the degree of intra-industry specialisation of the EU Member States and the resulting changes in the international competitive position of the economies covered.

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26

Lengyel, Balázs, and Izabella Szakálné Kanó. "Regional economic growth in Hungary 1998–2005: What does really matter in clusters?" Acta Oeconomica 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.3.1.

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Although industry clusters are major targets of regional economic development in less developed regions as well, we still need a deeper understanding of how the spatial clustering of firms generates dynamics in lagging regions. These latter environments may differ from the typical cluster policy examples that are usually specialised global centres of dynamically growing industries. Using census-type data of Hungarian firms, we test the effect of major cluster indicators — regional specialisation and spatial concentration of industries — and the impact of FDI on regional productivity and employment growth in Hungary. Our results suggest that regional specialisation does not affect regional growth, while the spatial concentration of industries is found to influence productivity and employment growth with an overwhelmingly negative effect. Furthermore, regional employment growth is associated negatively with the initial level of regional specialisation. Results suggest that Hungary has evolved into a dual economy in which previously specialised regions and geographically concentrated industries have lost their pace, while the main factor that favoured regional economic growth was the presence of large foreign companies. Therefore, economic policies fostering regional specialisation and the spatial concentration of industries — such as cluster policy — may have minor effects unless the interaction of foreign-owned and domestic companies is encouraged.

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27

Rowley, Chris. "Flexible specialisation: some comparative dimensions and evidence from the ceramic tile industry." New Technology, Work and Employment 11, no. 2 (September 1996): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005x.1996.tb00071.x.

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28

Chen, Ken Y., Shan Ying Wu, and Jian Zhou. "Auditor brand name, industry specialisation, and earnings management: evidence from Taiwanese companies." International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation 3, no. 2 (2006): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaape.2006.010301.

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29

Hbaieb, Ines Hakim, and Mohamed Ali Omri. "Audit tenure and earnings quality - do auditor's industry specialisation matterc Evidence from Tunisia." International Journal of Critical Accounting 6, no. 3 (2014): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijca.2014.064178.

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30

Lyberaki, Antigone. "Crisis and Restructuring in Greek Small Scale Industry: a case of Flexible Specialisation?" Capital & Class 15, no. 2 (July 1991): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981689104400104.

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31

Basioudis, Ilias G., and Sheila Ellwood. "An Empirical Investigation of Price Competition and Industry Specialisation in NHS Audit Services." Financial Accountability and Management 21, no. 2 (May 2005): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.2005.00216.x.

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32

Liu, Bin, Dedong Wang, Youquan Xu, Chunlu Liu, and Mark Luther. "Vertical specialisation measurement of energy embodied in international trade of the construction industry." Energy 165 (December 2018): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.151.

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33

Giannopoulos, George, Andrew Holt, Ehsan Khansalar, and Patrick Mogoya. "The Long-Run Performance of U.S. Bidding Firms in the Post M&A Period: The Impact of Bid Type, Payment Method and Industry Specialisation." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n2p230.

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This study investigates how mergers and acquisitions (M&A) affect the wealth of shareholders of public firms in the United States (U.S). More specifically, it investigates whether the nature of the bid, the payment method used, and the type of M&A have implications for shareholders of U.S bidding firms. The study analyses 352 mergers and acquisitions in the U.S during the period 1999-2008, and its results indicate that bidding firms suffer significant negative buy-and-hold abnormal returns in the three years period after a M&A announcement. The results also suggest that, in the long-run, hostile bids and cash-financed bidders outperform friendly bids and stock-funded bidders, respectively. Furthermore, the study also finds that in the long-run bidder firms that focus on industry specialisation within their M&A targets significantly outperform firms that adopt a more diversified strategy. The analysis also investigates the effects of M&A specialisation/diversification in six different sectors, and finds that specialised bidders outperform diversified bidders in four sectors: consumer & basic materials, energy & utilities, communications and technology. Furthermore, bidder firms in the financial services sector perform significantly better when diversifying into other sectors, while the performance of bidder firms in the industrial sector appears unaffected by the degree of M&A specialisation or diversification.

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34

Pérez, Lourdes, and Jesús Cambra-Fierro. "Learning to work in asymmetric relationships: insights from the computer software industry." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 20, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-12-2013-0468.

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Purpose – This paper aims to provide guidance for managers so that they may develop advanced supply chain management (SCM) capabilities in the context of asymmetric alliances. These alliances, generally characterised by large dissimilarities between the partners, often facilitate value-creating opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – Using case studies, the paper analyses similarities and differences in SCM between symmetric and asymmetric alliances within supply networks. It focusses on the key dimensions of complementarity, value distribution, relational management and specialisation. Findings – It was found that the question of complementarity, although important, should not be equated to the need for symmetry but to the ability of the firms in the supply network to learn to work together. For small firms who seek co-creation with large partners, this means collaboration, specialisation through relation-specific investments, flexibility and understanding the overall value system in which their business relationships compete is important. Practical implications – Small firms seeking to develop advanced SCM capabilities have to accept responsibility for selecting a reduced number of key partners and managing relationships. Firms should proactively use the contractual process to learn about partners' expectations and goals and to identify committed champions. These factors play an important role in developing communications and trust, as small firms do not have easy access to senior managers in large corporations. Originality/value – This paper discovered a novel concept – dual value appropriation – where partners do not divide the total value generated as frequently proposed in the literature, but that it is fully appropriated, as it represents a different value proposition for each of them.

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Valdaliso, Jesús M. "‘Moving up in the league’ with a little help from the state: The Spanish shipbuilding industry during the developmental Francoist regime." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 488–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418778996.

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The aim of this article is to explain the factors that underpinned the expansion of the Spanish shipbuilding industry during the Francoist regime, when it grew to rank fourth in the league of shipbuilding nations in the 1970s. After a brief description of the evolution of its output and markets, the article focuses on three aspects of shipbuilding: technology and costs; industrial structure and ship specialisation; and, above all, the strong government support that made this industry one of the symbols of the international success of the Franco’s new developmental policies.

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Saleh Hussein, Hanan. "From Translation to Transcreation in the Tourism Industry: SMEs and the Arab Market." Estudios de Traducción 10 (December 1, 2020): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/estr.67476.

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This study aims to outline a translation analysis of the websites of Spanish hotel companies operating internationally, specifically in Arab countries, in order to detect the most appropriate translation strategies when it comes to translating cultural aspects from Spanish to Arabic and which may contribute to the successful expansion of SMEs. Another aim is to develop new requirements in the specialisation of software translation in the Spanish-Arabic combination, based on the business translation model and using a cultural approach that seeks increased marketing success for SMEs in the Spanish hotel market.

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Bond-Smith, Steven C., and Philip McCann. "A multi-sector model of relatedness, growth and industry clustering." Journal of Economic Geography 20, no. 5 (October 29, 2019): 1145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz031.

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Abstract This article builds an understanding of regional innovation specialisation by developing a multi-sector model with endogenous growth through quality improving innovations and spillovers from related technologies. The model provides an approach to incorporate the relatedness literature within the mainstream theoretical frameworks of endogenous growth and economic geography. Each firm’s technology sector and the location of other firms play a role in each firm’s ability to improve its own technology. As a result, firms prefer to co-locate in technologically compatible clusters. Without relying on scale assumptions, the model for the first time coherently links related variety knowledge spillovers to mainstream urban economic frameworks and demonstrates that clustering is possible in both core and peripheral areas.

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Petersson, Lennart. "PRODUCTION FRAGMENTATION AND SPECIALISATION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SADC TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRY." South African Journal of Economics 71, no. 4 (July 6, 2005): 762–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2003.tb00095.x.

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39

Kordalska, Aleksandra, and Mag Olczyk. "New patterns in the position of CEE countries in global value chains: functional specialisation approach." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.002.

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Research background: High servitisation of manufacturing makes it impossible to separate services from manufactured goods properly, which implies difficulties in the assessment of the position of the country on the smile curve, i.e. in the proper assignment of products or services to one of the industrial process steps: pre-production, pure fabrication or post-production services. Therefore, we propose to use the business functions of industries identified with the aid of labour market data rather than the industrial classification of products in order to create a more appropriate measure of the position of countries in GVCs. Purpose of the article: We aim to identify and analyse the patterns of functional specialisation for eight Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) ? the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia ? both at the country and industry level. In addition, we analyse functional specialisation patterns for Germany, which serves as a reference country. Methods: To assess functional specialisation patterns, we employ the methodology proposed by Timmer et al. (2019a). It allows us to obtain functional specialisation indices for four different business functions ? management, R&D, marketing, and fabrication. To compute them, we combine two sources of data ? domestic value added from decomposed sectoral input-output tables (the World Input Output Database) and the Occupations Database built up by Timmer et al. (2019a). Findings & value added: Our research shows a very heterogeneous pattern in CEEC countries' position in GVCs by taking into account their functional specialisation at the countries and industries levels. Poland and Slovakia focus primarily on low value-added fabrication processes, the Baltic countries and Slovenia specialise in management services, Hungary and Latvia gain in marketing services, and the Czech Republic and Slovenia win in R&D activities. We indicate that some CEE countries (Poland, Slovakia) could be stuck in a functional trap, and our approach could be a valuable tool for assessing the process of coming out of it.

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40

Pawlak, Karolina, and Walenty Poczta. "Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy w wymianie produktami rolno spożywczymi UE z USA." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.4.59.

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The aim of the paper was to examine the intensity and to determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products between the EU and US. The analysis was based on data from the Comext-Eurostat database and it was carried out at the 6-digit level of HS classification in 2007-2018. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that trade in agri-food products between the EU and US is developing mainly in accordance with the model of inter-industry specialisation, which in the years 2007-2018 was strengthening and deepening. Intra-industry trade, vertical rather than horizontal, was primarily observed in the exchange of products with a higher degree of processing.

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Joseph, Joby, and K. S. Hari. "Market Orientation and Export Performance under ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement: The Case of India’s Rubber and Rubber Products." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 1, no. 2 (September 2019): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684619883079.

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The countries involved in the ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA) are major producers/exporters of tropical commodities including natural rubber (NR). India is the sixth largest producer and second largest consumer of NR in the world. The country is also a major importer of NR and exporter of rubber products. The import of NR worth US$ 785.44 million and export earnings of rubber products worth US $244.17 million from ASEAN region during the year 2017–18 indicated the importance of AIFTA in the rubber sector of India. Therefore, an in-depth analysis on the pattern and specialisation of rubber and rubber products exported from India is done using trade indicators such as revealed comparative advantage, regional orientation, intra-industry trade and Galtonian regression. The results indicate no considerable change after the establishment of AIFTA in the pattern and specialisation in exports of rubber and rubber products from India to ASEAN.

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Lam-González, Yen E., Chaitanya Suárez-Rojas, and Carmelo J. León. "Factors Constraining International Growth in Nautical Tourism Firms." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 6846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236846.

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In tourism, entrepreneurial internationalisation is considered a measure of the development of the industry and a key driver of innovation, competitiveness and image enhancement. In nautical tourism, research is still scarce in terms of supporting business’ internationalisation. This paper analyses factors constraining the international growth of island-based nautical tourism organisations. For the research, a sample of 60 nautical tourism SMEs´ owners of six different islands in the Macaronesia Region (Canary Islands, Madeira and Cape Verde archipelagos) were interviewed. As a result, we provide up to date information about current conditions and barriers to the internationalisation process within the segment and also identify the profile of the firms with the best international performance. The study is of great usefulness for the industry as it guides on the areas that require special attention to enhance those social, environmental and economic conditions of nautical tourism firms that ensure sustainable international growth. Moreover, it helps policymakers of island destinations seeking specialisation and positioning within the international nautical tourism market to raise the efficiency of current incentive mechanisms for internationalisation, thus contributing to increase tourism competitiveness. Finally, the study highlights the importance of fostering wider cooperation among islands with common interests in nautical specialisation and the challenges that this represents for the tourism management.

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O'Shea, Susan C. "Characteristics and Skills Necessary in Accountancy." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p22.

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The recruitment of accountants poses challenges for accountancy firms. Person-job fit affects success and influences the likelihood of remaining with a firm. With expected growth in the industry addressing these challenges is essential.This research aimed to determine the characteristics and skills necessary for accountancy and whether current students exhibit these qualities. It was based on Holland’s RIASEC model and characteristics of interest in accountancy including analytical skill, preference for structure, communication and interpersonal skills, risk approach and conscientiousness. Experts in accountancy were interviewed to determine the desired characteristics for the profession. Accountancy students were then surveyed to measure their skills.Communication skills and enterprising characteristics were the most valued qualities of accountants. Students had a preference for structure and a cautious approach to risk. They had some of the characteristics considered useful in accountancy including conventional and investigative characteristics and conscientiousness. Desirable characteristics varied for different specialisations. While students with specialisation preferences had specific characteristics, these rarely matched those required. Exceptions were preferences for forensic accountancy and tax.This research makes a theoretical contribution to the application of the RIASEC model to accountancy, suggesting a modification of the pre-existing classifications. Practical implications also arise for employers, students and educators.

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Jakopin, Edvard. "Smart specialisation of manufacturing industry: Relying on one's own strengths and targeted attraction of FDI." Ekonomika preduzeca 65, no. 1-2 (2017): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre1702155j.

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Havlik, Peter. "Central and East European industry in an enlarged European Union: Restructuring, specialisation and catching-up." Économie internationale 102, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecoi.102.0107.

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Mahajan, Varun, D. K. Nauriyal, and S. P. Singh. "Trade performance and revealed comparative advantage of Indian pharmaceutical industry in new IPR regime." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-05-2013-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the trade performance, revealed comparative advantage and trade specialisation indices of Indian pharmaceutical in the post-modified Indian Patent Act. Design/methodology/approach – The main data sources for this paper are United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, PROWESS of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, Government of India reports and Reserve Bank of India databases. Revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) and trade specialisation coefficient (TSC) have been calculated in the study. Findings – India is ranked third in regard of TCS, far behind Ireland and Israel. While Ireland has moved up the value chain faster after 1995, Israel has moved up swiftly after 2000 through global production network and supply chain. The Indian pharmaceutical industry, on the other hand, has largely capitalised on its low-cost production of generic drugs and a large domestic market. The RCAI also supports the results of TSC. India is positioned at 11th place, far behind Ireland, which stands tall at the top with distantly followed by Israel, Switzerland, Belgium, the UK, etc. Practical implications – The study shows the policy implications for future sustainable development of the industry as the new IPR regime has given opportunities as well as threats to both domestic pharmaceutical companies as well as the multinational corporations. The Indian pharmaceutical industry can be a good learning experience for other developing countries hopeful to enter the global market for generic drugs. Originality/value – There are no major studies providing detailed analyses of India’s comparative advantage vis-à-vis other leading exporters of pharmaceutical products in the world. This study endeavours to fill this gap. It also attempts to capture recent trends in exports and imports during the global recession period.

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V. Akberdina, Viktoria. "Multifunctional role of industrially developed regions in the Russian economy." Journal of New Economy 21, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-3-3.

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The Strategy for spatial development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, which relies on the identification of effective specialisations, does not allow unambigu ously recognising industrial regions and forming approaches to assess their role in ensuring the national security. The paper focuses on the problem of identification of industrially devel oped regions in the context of spatial, scientific, technological and industrial development of the country. The research builds on a set of methodological approaches to the identification of industry-oriented regions, which enables the author to distinguish between two groups of classi fications: the ones based on the structural approach and the ones using industrial specialisation. The structural approach is one of the most widely applied for classifying regions and identify ing industrial-oriented regions among them. The author proposes a multi-criteria classification method, which also is based on the evaluation of the share of industry and manufacturing in GRP, as well as includes a number of additional classification criteria (GRP per capita, fixed capital investment per capita, the share of manufacturing and extractive industries in industry, etc.). Applying the multi-criteria classification, the author identifies the industrially developed regions of Russia and clarifies their role in ensuring the national security. The researcher as sesses the potential for new industrialisation in industrially developed regions on the basis of the high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in GRP and the volume of domestic research and development expenditures. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in justification of the need for optimal choice of priorities for industrial development in the spatial context.

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Stachowiak, Krzysztof. "Ewolucja przemysłu zaawansowanej technologii i sektora teleinformatycznego (ICT) w Finlandii." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 13 (January 1, 2009): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.13.10.

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The paper presents in a broad outline the main characteristics of the evolution of the Finnish high-tech industry and ICT sector within the context of general changes in industry and the national economy. In the last decades of the 20th century Finland dynamically developed a knowledge-based economy and became one of the leaders of the information society. A spectacular manifestation of this is the position of the country in global competitiveness rankings, where Finland has occupied a top position for several years, sometimes even being ahead of the United States. The so-called ‘Finnish model of information society’ is characterised, among others, by a significant growth in knowledge-intensive industries and a complex system of research and development support. However, all those changes were dependent on the previous development path of the country. The structure of Finnish industry was rather one-sided until the 1980s, when knowledge- and expertise-intensive production started to catch up with the level of manufacturing dominated by raw materials, capital and energy. For a long time, Finland specialised in the forest industry and in the processing of metals. A new sector that has developed during the past decades is electronics and, especially, the manufacturing of communication devices. Furthermore, the economy has changed more dramatically in Finland than in any other developed country over the same period of time. Industries have become technology-intensive and production is strongly characterised by specialisation. Finland has become the most specialised country in information and communication technology in the world, and this specialisation trend is continuing. The forest industry and other traditional industries rely more and more on the new technologies and state-of-the-art knowledge. In Finland, industrialisation started later than in other countries, but it was very rapid. Industrial production and exports grew faster than the rest of the economy in the 1990s, and the structure of exports diversified. Unlike other developed countries, Finland “re-industrialised” in the 1990s. The contribution of industry to the total volume of production and employment has been higher in Finland than in other advanced economies in the past couple of years.

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Zielińska-Głębocka, Anna. "Specialisation and Localisation of Industry in the European Union: A Survey of Theoretical and Empirical Research." Gospodarka Narodowa 179, no. 10 (October 25, 2002): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/113865.

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Betran, Concha. "Regional specialisation and industry location in the long run: Spain in the US mirror (1856–2002)." Cliometrica 5, no. 3 (January 5, 2011): 259–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11698-010-0060-1.

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