Academic literature on the topic 'Industry (economic concept)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Industry (economic concept)"
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Babkin, A. V., A. A. Fedorov, I. V. Liberman, and P. M. Klachek. "Industry 5.0: concept, formation and development." Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2021-4-375-395.
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At present in Europe and Russia there are active discussions of the next mega stage of human social and economic development. It concerns the Industry 5.0 concept. In 2020–2021 members of scientific research and technological organizations discussed the aspects of Industry 5.0 at a number of well-known European and Russian forums. Major attention was paid to technologies maintaining Industry 5.0. As a result the world scientific community reached a consensus on two fronts: firstly, on integration of opportunities of the existing technologies of Industry 4.0 with the human-oriented approach of Industry 5.0 which will give way to harmonious interaction of human intelligence with cognitive calculations; and, secondly, on integration of human and machine intelligence to create collective intelligence which will make it possible to avoid technological singularity in future as well as provide for simultaneous humans’ evolution and technologies’ development. These will become the basis for creating a fundamentally new social, economic and cultural strategy of the society’s development for the coming decades. The strategy is based on applying collective intelligence and meta-system technologies in all spheres of life. For the first time in the world scientific practice the authors introduce the concept of Industry 5.0 as a cyber social system which allows the alliance of human and artificial intelligence aimed at creating collective super intelligence and becomes a source of harmonious technological development of human civilization. The authors present a neuro-ecosystem model of Industry 5.0 concept which will make it possible to set the task of implementing the systems of global meta-system strategized development of cognitive production and industry. Such systems are established as part of organization of cognitive production and new types of social and economic, cyber-social and industrial ecosystems by means of implementing collective intelligence and neuro-digital meta-technologies. This is the first stage of a new evolution process of developing Industry 4.0 concept, transition to Industry 5.0 and to meta-system transformations economics.
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BULGAKOVA, MARINA. "CONCEPT OF MONITORING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FOREST COMPLEX." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 17, no. 4 (August 28, 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2021-17-4-28-34.
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In a rapidly developing society, digital innovations and startups are thoroughly entrenched in various areas of economic activity, meeting the needs of time. The forest complex of Russia has repeatedly undergone various economic and legal transformations, but until now it is in a stagnant state, which is largely due to the existing forest management system. The growing demand for ensuring the economic impact and economic security of the forest complex indicates the relevance of the chosen topic. The author investigated key aspects of conceptual modeling, which made it possible to conclude that its basis is an idea, concept, design, which is used in various branches of knowledge, economics and industry. A method of monitoring the current state of economic security of the forest industry is proposed based on the use of a weighted average integral indicator of the current state of economic security. The obtained data confirm the existence of threats to the economic security of the forest industry and indicate the need to organize interdepartmental cooperation to form a single plan of measures aimed at their timely neutralization in the medium term. In this regard, the creation of a single information platform that allows to obtain reliable information and monitor the provision of sectoral economic security is a key aspect of the sustainable development of the Russian forest complex in the context of the transformation of the national economy.
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Riyadi, Agung, Purbayu Budi Santosa, Yunastiti Purwaningsih, and Adhitya Wardhono. "ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC TEACHING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE NATURAL ECONOMIC GROWTH CONCEPT." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (May 25, 2019): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7381.
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Purpose of Study: The aim of this paper is analyzing Islamic teaching on economic growth.
Methodology: The methods are the constructing method to differ Islamic teaching from the economic growth concept and the conceptualizing method to form the Islamic economic growth concept.
Results: The results are Islamic teaching prefers to place economic growth as an implicit issue, while economic right as an explicit issue and the Islamic economic growth rate is the natural economic growth rate that contains social surplus. The rate is higher than the population growth rate. Other results are a normal industry and the Bayt al-mal is not as an instrument of fiscal and monetary policies. The concept can be compared to the Historical, Keynesian and Classical and Neoclassical concepts.
Implications/Applications: The Islamic economic growth concept can be used to avoid economic problems, to cause economy runs normally and to have a social surplus.
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Hrinchenko, Yurii. "Ecosystem concept of the aviation industry." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(95) (March 5, 2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.01.046.
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Annotation. Introduction. Industry’s development is an actual focus point for regulators and researchers. Certain preconditions for the development are related to the growing influence of digitalization on industry relations and informational support. Client-oriented approach becomes dominant in shaping relations inside and outside the industry. The goal of the article is to develop a concept of the aviation industry ecosystem by creating an algorithm for involvement of its agents and identification of stages to build the process of common efforts to develop the industry. The research relies on the following methods: data search, structural, cause and effect and system analysis. Results. The development of the aviation industry occurs under conditions of tight relationships with related industries, so it has a profound effect on their development too. The central point of this area is an airport, which directly cooperates with aircraft carriers operating under competing business-models of network or low-cost flights, but also is deeply integrated into local economic system as an important part of transport infrastructure. Formation of a common area for development, which is to stimulate the demand in aviation and related industries, notably the tourism, is underway with increasing speed, as liberlization of aviation transportation. So the governmental regulation shall use the specific approaches for the new situation. The aviation industry ecosystem regards a consumer on several stages of the travel process: inspiration for a trip, reservations of tickets, hotel and other services, preparation for a trip, airport experience, flight experience, arrival experience, destination experience and post-trip experience. The article defines which agents are responsible for the successful completion of every stage. The prospects for further research. The prospects for further research may apply the development of an economic-mathematical model for government regulation of the aviation industry under the perspective of its ecosystem development.
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Petruk, O. M., Ya I. Burtsev, S. M. Zaschipas, and O. H. Popov. "Fintech as a concept of functional economic science." Problems of Theory and Methodology of Accounting, Control and Analysis, no. 3(53) (February 6, 2023): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/pbo-2022-3(53)-48-53.
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The article is devoted to the disclosure of the theoretical foundations of fintech as a concept of functional economic sciences (finance, accounting, economics). Nowadays, there are various approaches to the disclosure of this concept, which does not contribute to the development of an adequate economic policy of the state and legislative regulation in this area. Historical approach, content analysis, system and functional approaches were used to reveal the content of the definition. The analysis of existing approaches allowed us to conclude that there are four basic approaches to the interpretation of fintech: fintech as a technology, fintech as an innovation and a business model; fintech as an industry, fintech as a service. All of them have both weak and strong arguments in their favor, but none of them can exist without the latest technologies that form the basis of fintech. As a result of the study, it was proved that fintech is an innovative financial industry based on digital technologies, which lead to the intensification and growth of the efficiency of financial services. The statement about the emergence of a new fintech industry is grounded in the institutional part as a set of business entities that develop and implement modern innovative technologies in the financial sphere. Regarding traditional financial market intermediaries, it is worth talking about the transformation of their business models under the influence of modern innovative technologies. The latter happens without changing their functional role in the financial market.
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Соколинская, Ю. М., В. Н. Ходыревская, М. А. Меньшикова, and С. Н. Буханцева. "Concept of economic security monitoring system in single-industry towns." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 9(122) (October 3, 2020): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.122.9.104.
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Изменение экономических процессов территориального развития привело к необходимости формирования инструментария, позволяющего сформулировать процессы в области экономической безопасности. Особенно актуальным данный вопрос выступает в контексте исследования экономической безопасности моногородов, которые подвержены сильной зависимости от градообразующего предприятия. Отсутствие эффективной системы оценки состояния экономической безопасности моногородов продуцирует дополнительную важность рассматриваемой проблематики. Выделенное условие сформировало цель написания научной статьи, заключающуюся в разработке концепции системы мониторинга экономической безопасности в моногородах. Задачи исследования включают в себя: рассмотрение проблематических основ в рамках мониторинга экономической безопасности на примере Воронежской области, определение задач Комиссии по экономической безопасности Воронежской области, анализ региональной программы «Комплексное развитие моногородов Воронежской области в 2018-2020 года», формирование концепции системы мониторинга экономической безопасности в моногородах. В контексте инструментария исследования применяются следующие методы: анализ, оценка, имплицирования данных, фокусирование на проблеме исследования, выделение слабых и сильных основ изучаемого объекта, группировка. Changes in the economic processes of territorial development have led to the need to form tools in the field of economic security. This issue is especially relevant in the context of the study of the economic security of monotowns. The lack of an effective system for assessing the state of economic security of single-industry towns produces additional importance of the problem under consideration. The purpose of writing a scientific article is to develop the concept of a system for monitoring economic security in monotowns. The objectives of the study include to consideration of the problems of monitoring economic security on the example of the Voronezhregion, to defining the tasks of the Commission for Economic Security of the Voronezh Region, to analysis of the regional program «Comprehensive development of single-industry towns in the Voronezh region in 2018-2020»,to formation of the concept of a system for monitoring economic security in single-industry towns. In the contextof research tools are the analysis method, the assessment method, the data implication method, the method of focusing on the research problem, the method of identifying the weak and strong foundations of the studied object, the grouping method.
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M. Nur Arsyad, Muhajir, Agus Ismawan, and Khilda Amalia. "KONSEP BISNIS WISATA HALAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Mahasiswa Akuntansi Samudra 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jmas.v3i4.5814.
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This study's purpose is to explain the concept of halal tourism and its potential for future development. Because the concept of halal has now developed into the lifestyle of most of the population in Indonesia. The findings show that the tourism industry makes a major contribution to improving the welfare of a country or region as a whole. It is impossible to separate the actions and economic players engaged in tourism from the tourism industry as a whole since tourism is an economic activity.. These actors include community actors acting as customers, company actors acting as service providers, and the state as the regulator. According to the research results, the management of the halal sector must include halal components, both substances and methods of obtaining and processing them. A halal industrial area must have all these elements, including a halal management team, halal facilities and infrastructure, and halal allocation of all industrial plots. Islamic economic ideas and concepts guide the administration of the halal industry. In Islamic economics, all ideas and theories are sourced from the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet.
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Malchyk, Mariana, and Yuliya Semenova. "ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC REGULATION OF INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3913.
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<i>We consider ecological-economic regulation in Ukraine a part of ecologicaleconomic mechanism in perspective of coordination between ecological and economic factors of natural resources use and of the development of industry in Ukraine considering the concept of ecologization. We analyze ecological-economic tools, methods and ways of implantation. Modern economic concepts of state development often less consider aspects of ecologization, so we insist on the fact that main principles of ecological-economic regulation of industry, ecologization of industry and rational resources use are in the jurisdiction of nation, which executes appropriate tasks by implantation of tax policy, licensing, permission for natural resources use etc. It is necessary to improve existing mechanisms of state management in the sphere of ecological-economic regulation of industry. There is a need in the balance between maintenance of national aims and directions and between the possibilities of industrial development in Ukraine considering aspect of sustainable development. One of the conditions of existence of mutually beneficial connections between the subjects is adequate forming of prices for natural resources, stimulating of innovations, creating of propitious investment climate and financing of scientific-technical programs. Innovative activities of industrial enterprises is basis of their further development and their main task.</i>
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Joo, Moonyoung. "Technology Policy for the Promotion of Knowledge-based Industry." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 14 (December 31, 1999): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps14008.
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It is evident that in the 21st century, the structure of our economy will take the shape of a 'Knowledge Society' or 'Knowledge Economy'. The world's economic organizations are proposing a 'Knowledge-based economy' concept for the future economies of developed countries. On the other hand, they are interpreting economic development along the lines of information, and therefore 'Knowledge Economics' will be the new economic parody of the 21st century which will be on everybody's lips. It is said that the Korean economy must overcome its current economic crisis by creating information and enhancing production. It is now essential not to catch-up with the developed countries, but rather to leapfrog over them by the creation and distribution of information. The problem is that the creation and distribution of information does not happen over a short period of time.
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Lukianov, A. I. "Application of Integrated Logistics in Foreign Economic Business Processes of Enterprises of the Processing Industry." Management of Economy: Theory and Practice. Chumachenko’s Annals, no. 2022 (December 20, 2022): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/2221-1187.2022.163-173.
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The article deals with the problems of efficient management of modern business processes, which require system optimization of interconnected circuits: the process of supply, production process, sales of products, and others. Presented modern concepts of business process management in the processing industry. The information concept of logistics is to formulate the general problem of managing material flows within an industry or a separate business process. The marketing concept of logistics focuses on the organization of the logistics process in the field of distribution and distribution of products. The concept of integrated logistics is to use in the management of a system tool to regulate material flows to achieve business goals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Industry (economic concept)"
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ALMEIDA, AUDRYA KATILLY MACEDO DE. "EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF STANDARDS BY INDUSTRY BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF VALUE CHAIN: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20355@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O objetivo da dissertação é avaliar os impactos econômicos das normas em empresas selecionadas de diversos setores e países, no contexto de um projeto internacional da ISO. Esse projeto foi concluído em 2011 e teve por objetivo desenvolver estudos de caso para avaliar os impactos econômicos das normas em 11 empresas de setores industriais distintos, em 10 países. No Brasil, a ABNT coordenou o estudo de caso referente à empresa Festo Brasil, que contou com a participação da pesquisadora na equipe do projeto, através de uma parceria com a PUC-Rio. Quanto aos fins, a pesquisa pode ser considerada aplicada e descritiva. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a metodologia compreende pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; pesquisa de campo, com entrevistas semiestruturadas para o caso da empresa Festo Brasil; descrição do estudo de casos múltiplos, com análise comparada dos indicadores gerados. Destacam-se como resultados: (i) quadro comparativo dos resultados dos estudos de casos internacionais e demonstração, pelo estudo de caso brasileiro, da aplicabilidade e efetividade da metodologia baseada no conceito de cadeia de valor; (ii) funções das respectivas cadeias de valor identificadas como relevantes para a avaliação do impacto econômico gerado pela adoção de normas; e (iii) conjunto de indicadores operacionais que deverão ser usados pelas empresas, visando maximizar o valor gerado pelas normas.
The objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate the economic benefits of standards in selected companies from different sectors and countries, within the context of an international project carried out by ISO. This project was concluded in 2011 and aimed to develop 11 case studies in 10 countries in order to assess the economic benefits of standards in selected industrial sectors. In Brazil, the selected company was Festo Brasil and the researcher integrated the project team coordinated by ABNT, through a partnership with PUC-Rio. This research can be considered descriptive and applied and the methodology encompasses bibliographical and documental research, field research by mean of semi-structured interviews for the case of Festo Brasil; description of a multiple case study with comparative analysis of indicators and metrics. The main results can be summarized as follows: (i) a comparative framework for analyzing the results of multiple case studies at international level, and demonstration of applicability and effectiveness of the methodology based on concept of value chain through Festo Brasil s case study; (ii) functions of the respective value chains that are relevant for assessing economic benefits generated by the adoption of standards, and (iii) a set of operational indicators to be used by industrial companies to maximize the value generated by the standards adoption.
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FURTADO, SANDRO ROGERIO. "APPLICABILITY OF INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS IN BRAZIL GENERATED BY THE ADOPTION OF THE LOCAL CONTENT CONCEPT IN INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN OIL, NATURAL GAS AND SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY: PETROBRAS CASE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29872@1.
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Devido ao seu tamanho e complexidade, a atuação da Petrobras gera impactos diretos na economia do país e na indústria fornecedora de equipamentos e serviços. Na perspectiva de acelerar o desenvolvimento dos mercados nos quais atua, os projetos de investimento e as contratações da empresa devem suportar os desafios expressos em seu Plano Estratégico e maximizar o conteúdo local, em base competitiva e sustentável, contribuindo para o aperfeiçoamento da política de conteúdo local brasileira. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal avaliar a aplicabilidade da análise de insumo-produto nas práticas de gestão de conteúdo local da Petrobras, como instrumento para avaliação da relação entre a política de conteúdo local brasileira e os impactos socioeconômicos na implementação de projetos de investimentos no setor de petróleo, gás e naval. A pesquisa pode ser considerada aplicada, metodológica e descritiva. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a metodologia compreende: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; (ii) pesquisa de campo, envolvendo gestores e especialistas da empresa; e (iii) desenvolvimento do estudo de caso, com análise dos resultados gerados. Destacam-se como resultados: (i) a revisão crítica da literatura existente sobre conteúdo local e análise de insumo-produto; e (ii) análise dos resultados do estudo de caso e demonstração da aplicabilidade e efetividade da abordagem metodológica proposta.Due to its size and complexity, Petrobras operations and activities have direct impact on the Brazilian economy and on the local supplier industry (equipment and services). From the perspective of accelerating the development of markets in which it operates, Petrobras investment projects and hiring processes should bear the challenges defined in its Strategic Plan and maximize the local content on competitive and sustainable basis, contributing to the improvement of Brazilian local content policy. This dissertation aims at evaluating the applicability of input-output analysis to Petrobras local content management practices, as a tool to assess the relationship between the Brazilian local content policy and social and economic impacts of implementation of investment projects in oil, natural gas and shipbuilding sector in Brazil. The research can be considered applied, methodological and descriptive. The methodology comprises: (i) bibliographical and documental review; (ii) field research, by consulting managers and experts involved in local content and corporate strategy areas; and (iii) a case study, including analysis of results and propositions for stakeholders. The main results are: (i) critical review of the literature on local content and input-output analysis; and (ii) Petrobras case study, illustrating the applicability and effectiveness of the methodological approach proposed.
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El, Gamal Ashraf. "The Evolution of the Music Industry in the Post-Internet Era." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/532.
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The rise in the prevalence of the Internet has had a wide range of implications in nearly every industry. Within the music business, the turn of the millennium came with a unique, and difficult, set of challenges. While the majority of academic literature in the area focuses specifically on the aspect of file sharing within the Internet as it negatively impacts sales within the recording sector, this study aims to assess the Internet’s wider impacts on the broader music industry. In the same time that record sales have plummeted, the live music sector has thrived, potentially presenting alternative business models and opportunities. This paper will discuss a variety of recent Internet-related developments including the rise of legal digital distribution, key economic implications, general welfare effects, changes in consumer preference and social phenomena as they relate to both the recording and live entertainment sectors. I employ a time series multiple regression model to evaluate the statistical significance of the relationship between the Internet’s rise and the value of record sales. For the concert industry, I will examine recent trends and descriptive data as they relate to the Internet’s prevalence.
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Tritt, Colin [Verfasser]. "Internationalization of industrial R & D in emerging economies: concept and empirical evidence from the German manufacturing industry / Colin Tritt." Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043850309/34.
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Abdulgadir, Adil, and Imad Abdulgadir. "Strategic Proposals for Sustainable Supply Chains in the Fast Fashion Industry : Exploring ways to incorporate concepts and methods to confront the damaging effects of the industry." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285949.
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Accounted as the second largest cause of pollution, the fashion industry is only behind the petroleum industry worldwide. In recent decades, the supply chains of retail companies have become international with the growth of a global economy. As a result, fashion companies have increasingly shifted their supply chains into developing countries with cheaper labour. The shift is made possible due to their lower environmental awareness and looser environmental regulatory systems. This dominant business model within the clothing industry has gained enormous traction within recent decades and has been coined with the term fast fashion. However, due to the negative economic, social and environmental impact, mainly in developing countries, fast fashion companies increasingly focus on sustainability efforts within their supply chains to ensure the same quality and standards in production and working conditions. The thesis seeks to investigate what efforts have to be done within the supply chains of fast fashion companies in order to become more sustainable. A case study is conducted with a fashion retailer based in Sweden, referred to as Company X, through several semi-structured interviews in order to explore how Company X manages to keep a competitive advantage through its extensive sustainability efforts within its supply chain. The findings and analysis of this study show that there are numerous supply chain strategies for improvements, including sustainable manufacturing, eco-material preparations, green distribution, ethical consumers and reshoring vs. offshoring strategies. The major competitive advantages that are achieved according to the company itself come from; a shift from labour-intensive suppliers to capital-intensive, strong brand image, credibility, increase in ethical consumers, partnerships, transparency and traceability. Conclusively, purchasing from capital-intensive suppliers rather than labour-intensive suppliers will yield new innovative solutions for technologically advanced eco-material as well as efficiency in the production process. Furthermore, it was found that for a reshoring strategy to become the norm in the near future, extensive work and research is required. Lastly, as consumers' behaviour shifts towards a more ethical mindset, traditional fast fashion companies will continue to lose an important customer segment if no changes are made.Modebranschen är den näst största orsaken till föroreningar världen över bakom oljeindustrin. Under de senaste decennierna har försörjningskedjor för detaljhandelsföretag blivit internationella med tillväxten av en global ekonomi. Som ett resultat har modeföretag i allt högre grad flyttat sina försörjningskedjor till utvecklingsländer med billigare arbetskraft. Förändringen möjliggörs på grund av deras lägre miljömedvetenhet och lösare miljörätt. Denna dominerande affärsmodell har fått ett enormt fäste inom klädindustrin under de senaste decennierna och har myntats med termen fast fashion. Men på grund av den negativa ekonomiska, sociala och miljömässiga påverkan, främst i utvecklingsländer, fokuserar snabbmodeföretag alltmer på hållbarhetsinsatser inom sina försörjningskedjor. Detta görs för att säkerställa samma kvalitet och standarder i produktions- och arbetsförhållanden. Arbetet har i syfte att undersöka vilka insatser som måste göras inom fast fashion-industrins försörjningskedjor för att bli mer hållbara. En fallstudie genomförs med ett modeföretag baserad i Sverige, kallad Company X, genom flera semistrukturerade intervjuer för att utforska hur de lyckas behålla konkurrensfördelar genom sitt omfattande hållbarhetsarbete inom sin försörjningskedja. Resultaten och analyserna av denna studie visar att det finns många strategier för förbättringar inom försörjningskedjan, inklusive hållbar tillverkning, miljövänliga preparat, grön distribution, etiska konsumenter och reshoring kontra offshoring-strategier. De stora konkurrensfördelarna som uppnås enligt företaget själva kommer från; en övergång från arbetsintensiva leverantörer till kapitalintensiva, stark varumärkesimage, trovärdighet, ökade etiska konsumenter, partnerskap, transparens och spårbarhet. Avslutningsvis så kommer köp från kapitalintensiva leverantörer, snarare än arbetskraftsintensiva leverantörer, leda till nya innovativa lösningar för tekniskt avancerade miljömaterial såväl som effektiviseringar i produktionsprocessen. Dessutom konstateras det att för att en reshoring-strategi ska bli normen inom en snar framtid krävs omfattande arbete och forskning. När konsumenternas beteende skiftar mot en mer etisk inställning, kommer traditionella fast fashion-företag att fortsätta att förlora ett viktigt kundsegment om inga förändringar görs.
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Mendonça, Leandro José Luz Riodades de. "Cinema e industria: o conceito de modo de produção cinematográfico e o cinema brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-22072009-183038/.
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Esta Tese discute questões da construção historiográfica da história do cinema. A história do cinema compôs um conjunto de obras que, normalmente, toma como ponto de partida obras cinematográficas, e não aspectos considerados extra texto, como a economia ou a recepção. Esse trabalho tenta, através do uso do conceito de modo de produção, unir em um aparato conceitual questões estéticas e econômicas. Para tanto, refaz uma parte do percurso historiográfico sobre o cinema brasileiro dos anos cinqüenta e tenta discutir fundamentalmente dois aspectos: o primeiro que o cinema pode ser entendido por meio do conceito de modo de produção; e o segundo reside na descrição de dois exemplos, em linhas gerais, de modos de produção que coexistem na mencionada década. Por fim, destaca que o conjunto de filmes da chanchada produzido na Atlântida pode ser caracterizado como um modo de produção que se opunha de várias maneiras ao recém surgido modo de produção, representado pelo filme Rio 40 Graus.This thesis discusses the historiography of Film History. Film History has produced a set of material that, generally, takes as starting point the films themselves and do not consider extra text material, such as the economy and the reception of the film. This work attempts, through the concept of mode of production, bridge under a conceptual apparatus matching up aesthetic and economic matters. In doing so, the work critically looks at the fifties Brazilian Film History and makes basically two propositions: one is that Cinema may be understood through the conception of mode of production; the second consists of the description of two examples, in general terms, of modes of production coexistent in the decade. Finally, it highlights that the set of chanchada films, produced by Atlantida, may be characterized as a mode of production that is in many ways opposed to the more recent modes of production represented by the film Rio 40 Graus.
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Ameli, Nikola, Isabela Schachinger, and Natela Khrikina. "Visuell kommunikation : En studie om könsneutralt mode." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12730.
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Hur kan modeföretag genom sin kommunikation leva upp till sina koncept om könsneutralt mode? Under en längre tid har en debatt kring könsroller och könsuppdelning pågått, och modebranschens sätt att skildra män och kvinnor har kritiserats hårt. Modet framhäver vad som skiljer sig mellan det manliga och det kvinnliga alltmer, samtidigt som fler modeföretag börjar förmedla koncept om könsneutralt mode. Det är inte bara plaggen i sig som gör det svårt att könsöverskrida, media har även en stor påverkan, både på samhället som stort, och på individnivå. Vad konsumenter önskar se i media stämmer inte alltid med det företagen kommunicerar ut. Samhället strävar efter ökad genusmedvetenhet, jämställdhet och jämlikhet. För att en skillnad skall kunna ske krävs en förändrad inställning och en faktisk förändring, inte minst i modebranschen. En del forskare menar att kampanjer med representationer av icke stereotypiska könsroller spelar en positiv social roll för att en samhällsförändring gradvis skall ske. Vi har undersökt två utvalda företag som kommunicerar den typen av reklam och om deras butiker lever upp till de koncepten som de förmedlar i kampanjerna. Makt gestaltas i vad en bär för plagg. Åhléns ville med sin kampanj, Bryt Klädmaktsordningen , belysa förhållandet mellan kön, plagg och makt. Forskare menar att en kvinna klättrar upp i maktstegen om hon bär stereotypt maskulina plagg medan en man går ner i maktstegen. Samhället har accepterat att se kvinnan representera något som värderas lika högt som mannens plagg, vilket förknippas med dagens unisexmode. Hur skulle det se ut om rollerna byttes? Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur modebutiker genom sin kommunikation lever upp till sina koncept om könsneutralt mode samt föreslå hur företagen kan förbättra kommunikationen av begreppet könsneutralt mode till konsumenterna. För att kunna besvara syftet användes teoretiska modeller som identifierar vart det brister i kommunikationen som företagen försöker att förmedla till konsument. Det empiriska materialet bestod av två intervjuer, fyra fokusgrupper, observationer och pressmaterial. Först utfördes en intervju med en doktor i modevetenskap som också är idékläckare bakom Åhléns kampanj “Bryt klädmaktsordningen”. En intervju genomfördes med sekreteraren på transföreningen Full Personality Expression Sweden. Sedan fick vi en pressrelease utav projektledaren bakom & Other Stories kampanj “The Gaze & Other Stories”. Därefter lät vi våra fokusgrupper se samtliga kampanjfilmer och tolka vad för koncept kampanjerna förmedlar för att sedan diskutera kring hur företag kan leva upp till konceptets idé i deras fysiska butiker. Två observationer gjordes i de två respektive företagens butiker vars kampanjer vi utgått ifrån. Modebranschen är en av många olika sändare som utsätter oss för budskap och ideal, varför den blir mer synlig än andra branscher i fråga, handlar om att den är påtagligt mer synlig. Vi, ihop med alla respondenter hoppas på att en förändring är på väg, mot mer jämställdhet och jämlikhet, samt att den nya generationen som nu stiger in i branschen kommer att bidra till en förändring i vad som sänds ut genom de olika marknadsföringskanalerna. Viktigt att tänka på är att förändringar sker konstant, även inom modet. En förändring större än trender kommer att ske men frågan är: När?Visual communication of gender neutral clothing within the fashion industryA study that examines whether chosen companies live up to the concept of gender neutral fashion. How can fashion companies through their communication live up to their concepts of gender neutral fashion? During a longer period of time there has been a debate on gender roles and segregation of genders, also within the fashion industry. The way it divides and depicts the differences between men and women has been criticized for a long time. A change is coming, there are more and more fashion companies that mediate concepts of gender neutral fashion within their communication. What consumers wish to see when it comes to the way fashion companies communicate concepts about gender neutral fashion do not often accord with the way they are actually communicating it. The concepts are not cohesive, the way it is displayed in their communication does not match what you are exposed to in their stores. Our society strives for an increase of gender awareness, gender equality and equality. In order for a change to happen, a change of attitude and an actual alteration needs to happen, not at least in the fashion industry.
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Mata, Ana Cristina Rodrigues Vieira da. "O agente de implementação das políticas públicas é o que executa e não o que concebe aplicação ao caso da indústria têxtil e do vestuário." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4177.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialO trabalho "O agente de Implementação das Políticas Públicas é o que executà^nSifciff: que concebe - Aplicação ao Caso da Indústria Têxtil e do Vestuário" pretende avaliar o impacto de um instrumento de Política Industrial específico para a Indústria Têxtil e do Vestuário - O programa de incentivos IMIT - , bem como aferir da real importância da execução prática das políticas públicas como forma de criação de condições de auto-sustentabilidade para o sector, em função dos objectivos inicialmente definidos. Para avaliar o impacto do Programa na estrutura das empresas foram analisados indicadores de evolução e indicadores económico-financeiros, para cada empresa da amostra escolhida, nos três anos antes da apresentação dos projectos de investimento, tendo sido comparados com os indicadores das empresas em ano cruzeiro de actividade. Constatou-se que, em geral, as empresas têxteis e de vestuário que beneficiaram deapoios ao abrigo do Programa IMIT, em particular no que se refere à Medida A2 –Planos de Modernização Empresarial, desenvolveram as suas estratégias de investimento por forma a conseguirem padrões de rentabilidade e condições de auto-sustentabilidade a prazo, com impacto ainda relevante nos aspectos de natureza qualitativa relacionados com factores dinâmicos de competitividade. Podemos pois concluir que, neste caso particular de aplicação do IMIT enquanto instrumento de Política Industrial, o agente que executa cumpriu os objectivos do agente que concebeu, nomeadamente no que releva à Medida A2 daquele Programa; fica, no entanto, como menor desempenho de quem gere, a incapacidade ou impossibilidade de ajustar o orçamento inicialmente concebido, às necessidades manifestadas pelos promotores.
This paper " The agent that implements public policies is the one that executes and not the one that conceives - The case of Textile and Garment Industry" intends to evaluate the impact of a specific instrument of industrial policy for the textile and garment industry - The incentive programme IMIT - , as well as to discuss the real importance of pratical execution of public policies, as a form to create conditions in order to sustain this industrial sector, by trying to achieve pre established goals. In order to evaluate the impact of this programme in the firms economic structure, evolution indicators as well as finantial and economic indicators, were used, for each firm, in the three years before iniciating the investment and then were compared with the same indicators for the cruising year of activity after implementing the investment. In general, all the textile and garment firms that obtained suppot from the IMIT Programme, particularly in what concernes Measure A2 - Plans for Enterprise Modernization, have developed their investment strategies in order to achieve higher revenues and have focus their investments in dynamic competitive factors, such as quality, marketing and design. We can conclude that, in this particular case of the IMIT Programme , the agent that executed has iulfiled the goals that were established by the agent that conceived, particularly in the case of Measure A2, still the fact remains that the management of the IMIT Programme failed to adjust the initial budget to the needs of the firms.
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Lauria, Philippe. "L'approche évolutionniste en économie du changement technique : concepts et mise en oeuvre : un modèle à deux marchés de trajectoires d'entreprises." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21011.
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Reprenant les themes, certains modeles de la biologie, et redecouvrant les sujets heterodoxes de la dynamique economique, le courant evolutionniste enonce implicitement ses presupposes, ses concepts en evitant les ecueils de l'analyse du changement technique en economie. La premiere contribution a consiste a systematiser ses concepts. Trois presupposes sont explicites : la rationalite limitee des agents, la diversite des structures de comportements, le desequilibre, formant le soubassement de quatre concepts intermediaires regulant la methodologie d'observation et l'analyse de la dynamique economique. La competition economique est un processus turbulent par lequel s'effectue la selection economique des firmes. Mais la selection n'est pas un argument suffisant en faveur de l'optimisation et de l'optimum, et n'est utile que dans une conception historique, dans laquelle sont explicitees les routines, genes de l'entreprise, memoire socio-technique de l'activite. Les routines sont l'agent du macanisme de la competition. Les evolutionnistes admettent que les routines sont circonscrites dans un paradigme techno-economique et que dans leur diffusion sont engendres au moins trois types de trajectoires constituees de la dynamique economique : la trajectoire des technologies et ou des routines, celle des firmes, celle de l'industrie dans son ensemble. Cette approche conceptuelle debouche sur deux types d'application : les taxinomies et la modelisation de la dynamique. La mise en oeuvre d'un modele (silverberg, 1988) permet de degager les implications et l'horizon de methodologie evolutionniste. Enfin un algorithme reprenant le modele simule la dynamique avec l'hypothese de firmes disposant de deux produits, donnant ainsi une esquisse de reponse au probleme de la variete dans le dacre de la problematique evolutionniste de la competitionTaking up biological topics and models and following the heterodox questions of dynamic economics (schumpter, simon. . . ), the evolutionary approach is an attempt to aviod the empediments of technical change analysis. The contribution starts with a systematic explanation of evolutionary fundations (bounded rationality, diversity in structures and firm behaviours, disequilibrium) and concepts (competition and selection, routines, paradigms and techno-economic trajectories). The methodological outlets are of two kinds : taxinomies of industrial structures behavioral models. The second contribution is an analysis of a simulation model (silverberg, 1988) of techno-economic firms trajectories with learning. The model is then extended to give elements of answer to the problem of competition under a require of products variety
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Silva, Alexandre Pacheco da. "Antes de uma fundação, um conceito: um estudo sobre a disciplina jurídica das fundações de apoio na cooperação entre universidade e empresa." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8803.
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The growing presence of legal entities under the private law regime exercising functions and activities usually performed by legal entities under the public law regime has been presenting relevant challenges to the study of Law. The work of the Support Foundation in the assistance to Brazilian Federal Public Universities is an example. From a spontaneous phenomenon, barely regulated by Law no. 8.958/1994, they transformed into a diversified universe, in which their acting before Federal Institutions of Higher Education is questioned. When performing public functions and activities of aid to Federal Universities, they utilize budget public resources and from funding agencies. The questioning of the requirement of such entities to undertake the prior bidding process for hiring third parties in their support activities to the Federal Universities, the need of compliance with the rules of return of public funds to the National Treasury!s Single Account, and the possibility of hiring staff without public tenders to work in assistance activities are part of the controversies faced by the present work. This study aimed to reflect on this phenomenon from three fronts, a proposal to analyze the phenomenon of foundations, in which support foundations are understood as intermediary organizations between universities and companies, a survey of the main issues of compatibility between the system of public law and the activities of foundations in the context of assistance on technological development to the Federal Public Universities, and lastly, the study of a case where there is compatibility between a model of support foundation and the system of public law, the Institutional Support Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development (FAI), from Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR). We propose a specific focus for the study of the assistance performed by support foundations, characterizing them as intermediary organizations of cooperation between universities and companies, for we believe that, given the significant number of changes in the role of research universities in industrial production, a new understanding of the form of intermediation is required for comprehending the role and mission of Research Universities in the country's economic development. Universities, as well as forming of skilled labor and knowledge generation, are becoming centers of creation of technology, approximating the industry, replacing, in part, the old departments of research and development of domestic industries, while also play a part in facilitating the generation of innovative companies, creating business incubators and facilitating the exchange between teachers and technicians and professionals of the industrial matrix of countries. In Brazil, this transformation is faced with an important gap. The country, through its public universities acts as a producer of knowledge, with a significant number of international academic publications. However, Brazil has failed to convert this knowledge into industrial application in technological innovation, as measured by patenting and technology transfer to industry. Secondly, the innovation law (Law No. 10.973/2004), as the first attempt to develop ways to reduce such gap, created legal instruments to authorize the cooperation between Federal Public Universities and National Companies, placing the support foundations as intermediating the relationship between University and Business, alongside with Innovation Centers. The Law on the one hand, was able to create the legal instruments for the lawful cooperation between the Public University and National Company, however, failed to face significant legal issues, besides the questions about the application of public law regime in the intermediation conducted by support foundations, also did not define the role of such support foundations in the capture and management of technology projects, or management of intellectual property and its relationship with the Innovation Centers, or participation in the formation of innovative companies through the process of business incubation in Federal Universities. It was the National Court of Audit, as an organ of control of the use of public funds, the principal place of debate on the legal disputes involving the relationship between Support Foundations and Federal Universities. In our view, the Court in Decision No. 655/2002, began a process of reconciling the work of the support foundations and the system of public law, by defining support foundations related to development and technology transfer projects from Federal Universities as intermediary organizations. However, it regressed in in Judgment No. 2.731/2008, by broadly defining the concept of public resources and recommend to the Ministries of Education and Science and Technology to prohibit the direct transfers of resources from Funding Agencies to Support Foundations at the federal level. The FAI example is paradigmatic of the, as not only is a case that reinforces our assessment that there may be compatibility between the system of public law and the activities of support foundations, but also suggests solutions of institutional design solutions relevant to the debate on regulation of support foundations at the federal level. FAI, as a foundation for the Federal University of Sao Carlos is able to fulfill with the potential of a foundation to contribute to the technological development of Federal Public Universities, since it functions as an 'alter ego' of UFSCAR, a positive double, carrying out activities that, if performed by the University would not have been equally fast, or even would not be conducted.
A presença crescente de pessoas jurídicas sob o regime de direito privado exercendo funções e atividades desempenhadas por pessoas jurídicas sob o regime de direito público tem apresentado desafios importantes para o estudo do Direito. A atuação das Fundações de Apoio no auxílio às Universidades Públicas Federais brasileiras são um exemplo disso. De um fenômeno espontâneo, timidamente regulado pela Lei n.º 8.958/1994, transformaram-se em um universo diversificado, em que se questiona a sua atuação junto à Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior. Ao desempenhar funções e atividades de auxílio à Universidades Federais, executam recursos públicos orçamentários e de Agências de Fomento. O questionamento da obrigatoriedade destas entidades realizarem prévio procedimento licitatório para contratação de terceiros quando estiverem auxiliando às Universidades Federais, a necessidade de cumprimento das regras de recolhimento de recursos público à Conta Única do Tesouro Nacional e a possibilidade de contratação de pessoal sem concurso público para trabalhar nas atividades de auxílio fazem parte das controvérsias enfrentadas no trabalho. Este trabalho procurou refletir sobre este fenômeno a partir de três frentes, uma proposta de análise do fenômeno fundacional, em que fundações de apoio são compreendidas como organizações de intermediação entre universidade e empresa, um levantamento das principais questões de compatibilização entre o regime de direito público e a atuação das fundações no contexto de auxílio ao desenvolvimento tecnológico das Universidades Públicas Federais e, por fim, o estudo de um caso em que há a compatibilização entre um modelo de fundação de apoio e o regime de direito público, o caso da Fundação de Apoio Institucional ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FAI) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR). Propomos um recorte específico para o estudo do auxílio realizado pelas fundações de apoio, caracterizando-as como organizações de intermediação da cooperação entre universidade e empresa, pois acreditamos que dado o conjunto significativo de transformações no papel desempenhado por universidades de pesquisa no âmbito da produção industrial, uma nova forma de leitura da intermediação é necessária para a compreensão do papel e da missão das Universidades de Pesquisa no desenvolvimento econômico do país. As universidades, além de formadoras da mão de obra especializada e da geração de conhecimento, passam a ser centros de geração de tecnologia, se aproximando da indústria, pois substituiria em parte os antigos departamentos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de indústrias nacionais, ao mesmo tempo que também desempenharia o papel de fomentadora da geração de empresas de inovação, criando incubadoras de empresas e facilitando o intercâmbio entre seus professores e técnicos e profissionais da matriz industrial dos países. No Brasil, esta transformação se depara com um hiato importante. O país, por meio de suas Universidades Públicas é produtor de conhecimento, com um número significativo de publicações internacionais, contudo, não tem conseguido converter este conhecimento em aplicação industrial, em inovação tecnológica, medida pelo registro de patentes e pela transferência de tecnologia para a indústria. Em segundo lugar, a Lei de Inovação Tecnológica (Lei n.º 10.973/2004) como a primeira tentativa de estabelecer formas de reduzir este hiato, criou instrumentos jurídicos para permitir a cooperação entre Universidades Públicas Federais e Empresas Nacionais, posicionando as fundações de apoio como intermediadoras da relação entre Universidade e Empresa, ao lado dos Núcleos de Inovação. A Lei, por um lado, foi capaz de criar os instrumentos jurídicos para que a cooperação entre Universidade Pública e Empresa Nacional seja lícita, contudo, não enfrentou questões jurídicas importantes, além das questões sobre incidência do regime de direito público na intermediação realizada pelas fundações, também não definiu a função das fundações de apoio na captação e gestão de projetos de tecnologia, ou na gestão da propriedade intelectual e sua relação com os Núcleos de Inovação, ou a participação das fundações na formação de empresas de inovação por meio do processo de incubação de empresas nas Universidades Federais. Foi o Tribunal de Contas da União, como órgão de controle do emprego dos recursos públicos, o principal local de debate sobre as controvérsias jurídicas envolvendo a relação entre Fundações de Apoio e Universidades Federais. Em nosso entendimento, o Tribunal na Decisão n.º 655/2002, iniciou um processo de compatibilização entre a atuação das fundações de apoio e o regime de direito público, ao definir as fundações de apoio ligadas à projetos de desenvolvimento e transferência de tecnologia das Universidades Federais como organizações de intermediação, contudo, retrocedeu no Acórdão n.º 2.731/2008, ao definir de forma ampla o conceito de recurso público e recomendar aos Ministérios da Educação e da Ciência e Tecnologia que proibissem os repasses diretos de recursos de Agências de Fomento à Fundações de Apoio no âmbito federal. O caso da FAI é paradigmático, pois não apenas é um caso que reforça a nossa avaliação de que é possível haver compatibilidade entre o regime de direito público e a atuação das fundações apoio, como sinaliza para soluções de desenho institucional relevantes para a reflexão sobre a regulação das fundações de apoio no âmbito federal. A FAI como uma fundação voltada para a Universidade Federal de São Carlos é capaz de cumprir com as potencialidades de uma fundação almeja contribuir para o desenvolvimento tecnológico de Universidades Públicas Federais, uma vez que funciona como um 'outro eu' da UFSCAR, um duplo positivo, executando atividades que se fossem feitas pela Universidade não teriam a mesma agilidade ou até não seriam realizadas.
Books on the topic "Industry (economic concept)"
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Sasaev, Nikita. Fundamentals of industry strategizing. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2009662.
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The textbook contains theoretical, methodological and methodological foundations of industry strategizing. The main stages of industry strategizing and the procedure for forming the concept of an industry strategy are given. The essence of each of the stages of the survey of the object of industry strategizing is disclosed in detail, namely: strategic diagnostics, strategic analysis of values and interests, trends and development opportunities. The methodology of the primary assessment of the economic efficiency of sectoral strategic priorities and the logical provisions of the formalization and implementation of the sectoral strategy are described.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For Master's degree students studying in the field of Economics, as well as for practitioners in the field of industry strategizing.
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Poletaeva, Vladislava. Economics of sustainable industrial growth: concept, problems and possible mechanisms of formation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1086387.
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The monograph examines the issues of transformation of the Russian economy from raw materials export model to a model of sustainable industrial growth. In the first Chapter of the work the author formulates the definition of sustainable economy growth and the expediency of its formation, analyzes the problems that hinder the transformation of national economic system into a model for sustainable industrial growth, and identified possible mechanisms of such transformation. In the second Chapter, in order to determine the sources of the implementation of the financial mechanism of forming of economy of sustainable industrial growth, the author assesses financial potential of economic entities and analyzes the role of the banking sector and the state to invest resources in the Russian economy. In the third Chapter the author provides the rationale (for the decision of task of forming of economy of industrial growth) for the development of cooperation in the banking sector and the state in the financing of manufacturing industry on the basis of realization of interests of all key stakeholders of such projects, identifies the interests of the state, banking sector and manufacturing industries and estimated the fullness of their realization in the framework of the existing mechanisms of the banking and government lending to the economy.
Designed for teachers, students of economic specialties, as well as anyone interested in the problems of development of economy in modern conditions.
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Institute of Chemical Engineers (Great Britain). Safe furnace and boiler firing. 5th ed. Rugby: Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), 2012.
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Kaigisho, Ōsaka Shōkō, ed. Ōsaka Shōkō Kaigisho Hokutō Ajia keizaiken kōsō Kankoku chōsadan hōkokusho =: Osaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry Survey Mission to Korea, re. "Northeast Asia economic zone" concept report. [Ōsaka-shi]: Ōsaka Shōkō Kaigisho, 1994.
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5
Mayorova, Elena, Tat'yana Uryas'eva, and Egor Abramov. Corporate social responsibility of trade organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1588755.
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The textbook is aimed at forming students' systematic understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility in trade organizations. The evolution of the concept of corporate social responsibility is considered; the social significance of trade and its responsibility to consumers, suppliers, employees and other stakeholders is revealed; the influence of corporate social responsibility on the economic efficiency and competitiveness of trade organizations is substantiated; the tools of corporate social responsibility management in trade are explained; practical materials on the management of corporate social responsibility of trade organizations in Russia and abroad are provided abroad.
It is intended for students studying in the areas of training 38.03.06 "Trade", 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.01 "Economics", and will also be useful to industry workers.
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Sobrero, Tabaré. Marco económico que rodea al productor pecuario: Concepto biológico-económico. Montevideo, Uruguay: Editorial Agropecuaria Hemisferio Sur, 1989.
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7
E, Lundberg Donald, ed. The restaurant: From concept to operation. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2001.
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8
Menyaev, Mihail. Digital economy enterprises. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045031.
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The tutorial allows you to learn basic scientific concepts in the field of formation and application of digital economy in the enterprise, to the organization skills of the digital space in the enterprise management system. The analysis of economic methods of formation and active use of Internet resources in the organization of high-tech industry and business.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for students of higher educational institutions studying the digital economy, innovation, management, industrial and logistics network, trained on a direction of preparation of bachelors in "mechanical engineering".
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Bobryshev, Artur, Marina Vitushkina, and Valeriy Tumin. Monitoring the sustainability of enterprises with a long production cycle. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1227744.
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The monograph examines the practice of monitoring the sustainability of enterprises that are characterized by a high duration of the production (technological) cycle of manufacturing products. Such enterprises form such industries as ship and aircraft construction, heavy engineering, and radio electronics. Based on the identification of the features of economic behavior associated with the duration of the production cycle, the authors prove that monitoring and evaluation of the sustainability of such enterprises should be carried out using special methods and algorithms based on the use of the concept of business modeling. The monograph is based on the materials of shipbuilding as the most typical industry, which is formed by enterprises with a long production cycle. It can be useful for specialists in the evaluation of companies, accounting employees, managers of organizations, employees of scientific and consulting firms, students of business schools, teachers, graduate students and university students studying in the areas of training "Management" and "Economics", as well as in engineering and technology areas, and all students of the disciplines of economic, organizational and management cycles.
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1971-, Chen Wei, ed. International hospitality management: Concepts and cases. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Industry (economic concept)"
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Raith, Chiara, Manuel Woschank, and Helmut Zsifkovits. "Automated Performance Measurement in Internal Logistics Systems." In Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs, 211–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70516-9_7.
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AbstractIn addition to economic and on-time order fulfillment, the monitoring of the plant performance and its related key performance indicators is a central task of logistics management and control systems. Currently, the determination and calculation of performance figures within the framework of site acceptance tests of automated logistics systems are plant-specific and, therefore, require a lot of manual effort. In this chapter, the authors develop a concept for the automated determination of performance indicators for storage and conveying systems. Based on a comprehensive literature review, structured expert interviews and including various perspectives from industrial applications the approach is designed. Further, the impact of the proposed concept on the logistics performance of the plant and the adequate selection of a maintenance strategy is discussed.
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Ishbayev, Gniyatulla, Anatoly Kuritsyn, and Natalia Lazareva. "Forecasting Profit from Sales Based on the Bit Analysis Methodology as an Element of the Process of Sustainable Economic Growth (ESG) Concept." In Finance, Economics, and Industry for Sustainable Development, 253–63. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56380-5_23.
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Behrenbruch, Christian P. "From Concept to Clinic and Commercialization: Cowboys Wanted." In Beyond Becquerel and Biology to Precision Radiomolecular Oncology: Festschrift in Honor of Richard P. Baum, 41–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33533-4_4.
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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is threefold.Firstly, it is an honor to be included in this Festschrift, a recognition and celebration of the enormous contribution Professor Richard Baum has made to the field of nuclear medicine. I would like to write a few words as to why Richard’s contribution to nuclear medicine and theranostics has been so important from a commercial perspective, and why we need more innovators like him. Secondly, I want to review some of the reasons why, despite enormous potential, the field of nuclear medicine has not been as commercially successful as it could be, and the pitfalls we must address in order to deliver in the future. Finally, I’d like to highlight some of the areas that I am most excited about from a commercial perspective that will likely define the field over the next decade.I’ve spent 20 years hunting money for imaging and nuclear medicine companies and over that time, through varying degrees of economic prosperity, I have received a great deal of candid feedback about how investors view the nuclear medicine industry. These perceptions offer provocative insights into our industry and I believe they are worth sharing, both for information and entertainment. Not all opinions will garner agreement.
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Lu, Jianxian. "The concept of brand image building for athletes and the impact on consumers." In Proceedings of the 2022 4th International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2022), 1751–58. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-098-5_198.
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Nezhnikova, Ekaterina, Maxim Chernyaev, Yuliana Solovieva, and Anna Korenevskaya. "Modernization Concept of the Electric Power Industry as the Basis for Ensuring the Economic Growth of the Russian Federation." In VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, 832–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37919-3_83.
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Nizami, Nausheen, and Narayan Prasad. "Economics of IT Industry." In Decent Work: Concept, Theory and Measurement, 113–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2194-7_13.
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Altepost, Andrea, Adjan Hansen-Ampah, Wolfgang Merx, Stefan Schiffer, Bernhard Schmenk, and Thomas Gries. "Transformation of Work in the Textile Industry: Perspectives of Sustainable Innovation Processes." In Transformation Towards Sustainability, 331–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54700-3_12.
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AbstractWhat makes innovation processes in industry succeed? The basic assumption of this paper is that not only technological, but also social—especially work-related—factors have a decisive impact. While processes of sociotechnical system design are established interdisciplinarily and have arrived at least in many large companies, to the best of our knowledge it still is a novelty in industrial contexts to also add the concept of sustainability to this perspective. Energy and circular economy as well as a shortage of skilled workers dominate the concerns of companies. At the same time, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) are traded as a beacon of hope to strengthen competitiveness and contribute to more efficient, resource-conserving economic activity (e.g., Lukic et al., BCG 10.01.2023, 2023).). With the design of AI-supported work systems in the textile and related industries, the WIRKsam Competence Center for Work Research wants to show how the use of artificial intelligence, with appropriate work design, can promote both innovative, human-centered work and economic competitiveness, so that the two benefit from each other. The project aims to strengthen the industrial backbone of the Rhenish mining area and to create attractive conditions and opportunities for skilled workers. In this way, a sustainable result of the various transformation levels in the area of structural change, digitalization and the future of work can be achieved, which lays the foundation for shaping further future transformation processes in an innovative way. In this paper, we develop central questions originating from this claim that need to be considered in the aforementioned transformation processes in the areas of people, technology and organization, because they can be decisive for success.
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Qin, Xia, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Circular Economy in Construction: Harnessing Secondary Materials from End-of-Life Tires for Sustainable Building." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 302–11. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_28.
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AbstractThe concept of the circular economy has rapidly gained traction as a transformative approach to sustainable resource management. Central to this paradigm is the emphasis on recycling and repurposing waste materials to ensure their maximum re-utility and minimal environmental side-impact. Over the myriad of waste materials, end-of-life (ELT) tires have emerged as a particularly significant resource, which has been underestimated in the past. However, the advent of advanced recycling technologies has illuminated the latent value embedded within these tires. From their rubber granules and steel components to fibrous materials and carbon black, each element holds potential for repurposing. Notably, the construction industry has been identified as a prime sector for the integration of these recycled materials, offering both durability and sustainability in building processes. Guided by the principles of the circular economy, this paper embarks on a comprehensive journey through the full lifecycle analysis of ELT tires. It delves into the intricacies of the recycling and utilization processes, shedding light on the myriad of potential value they present. Furthermore, a meticulous assessment and review are conducted on the contribution of these recycled tire by-products to the construction industry. The study revealed that recycling tires can result in a reduction in carbon emissions and provide substantial economic benefits. Specifically, for truck tires, the economic benefits can amount to 32.37 €, and the GHG emissions produced during the recycling process are minimal, only 1.13 kg of CO2 equivalent for truck tires.
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Serbanescu, Andrei, Luís Martínez Cháfer, and Teresa Martínez Fernández. "Good Practices of Circular Economy in Tourism in Castellón." In SpringerBriefs in Business, 79–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49689-9_8.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the significance of circular economy (CE) in the context of the tourism industry in Castellón, Spain. Tourism plays a vital role in the country’s economy, contributing a substantial share to the GDP and generating employment opportunities. However, the environmental impact of tourism, including waste management and pollution, poses significant challenges. Adopting a CE approach becomes crucial in minimizing waste, optimizing resource utilization, and promoting sustainability. The chapter explores the concept of CE, its potential benefits, and its role in creating a more sustainable tourism model. It emphasizes the need for active participation from both producers and consumers to shift away from a linear economy mentality. The chapter also highlights the positive economic, environmental, and social outcomes associated with CE, including job creation and enhanced well-being. By showcasing good practices and a case study of a hotel in Castellón, this chapter aims to promote awareness and encourage the transition towards a fairer and more environmentally friendly tourism model.
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Phillips, Alicia. "The Quest for Cosmopolitan Justice in the Energy Transition in Caribbean Small Island Developing States." In Just Transitions, 155–62. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_21.
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AbstractThe challenges we face now with climate change are universal and are inextricably linked to the call for cosmopolitan justice in the energy transition to renewables. The theory of cosmopolitan justice is based on the outlook that we are all citizens of the world and our moral obligations do not just halt at our borders but extend beyond. As oil-dependent Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) attempt to make the change to renewables they grapple with their umbilical dependence on the oil and gas economy. In some, it has been their sole source of revenue to fund national development and economic independence. In others, newfound discoveries of oil have occurred just as the world is weaning itself from fossil fuels, providing them with the economic-climate justice dilemma. This concept of cosmopolitan justice is therefore a two-edged sword for Caribbean SIDS. On one end, it serves as a benefit as their climate change vulnerabilities are now starkly recognised with funding being channelled into mitigation, adaptation and as we look towards COP28, loss and damage funding. In contrast, net zero emission targets and the shift to renewables prove difficult due to the sole economic dependence placed on this industry. The careful balance of abiding by their international commitments to reduce emissions and incorporating renewables into their economies is at the heart of the new social contract which is also based on future accountability.
Conference papers on the topic "Industry (economic concept)"
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Afonichkin, Aleksandr. "SPATIAL INDUSTRY ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: CONCEPT AND GENERALIZATION." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/11/s03.071.
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Michalová, Tereza, and Jakub Sieber. "Challenges and Opportunities in Knowledge Management in the Concept of Industry 5.0." In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-39.
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We live in a fast-paced world with companies needing to adopt new technologies as fast as possible to stay competitive. Digital technologies are central to people's lives and could play a key role in enabling more sustainable business models and a regenerative vision for European industry. Organisations need to be able to adopt, embrace, optimise and integrate modern technologies into their organisational culture. This paper aims to present a literature review of advances in Knowledge Management (KM) in the concept of Industry 5.0 to enhance organisational practices and increase the efficiency of KM. Industry 5.0 has three core elements: human-centricity, sustainability and resilience, and artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important role in this framework, as it can analyse data, identify patterns and optimise production processes. The review is conducted via the systematic review method PRISMA 2020, which was used to screen 63 publications from Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 to analyse chosen articles on digitisation, human resources and knowledge management under the concept of Industry 5.0. The systematic review provides a valuable overview of the challenges and potential advantages of interactions between AI and humans and the merits of implementing AI-powered methods for managing knowledge.
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Sari, Rora. "Using OVOP Concept to Achieve Economic Sustainability in the Creative Industry." In International Conference, Integrated Microfinance Management for Sustainable Community Development(IMM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/imm-16.2016.26.
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Zhou, Zhi. "People’s Consuming Concept in Different Ages." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211209.336.
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GOWSIGA, M., and M. THAYAPARAN. "INCORPORATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT TO THE APPAREL INDUSTRY: LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.13.
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The apparel industry is one the most foreign exchange earning industries for developing countries. However, it is one of the notable polluting industries in the world too. Additionally, there are numerous factors affecting the economy of the industry, for example COVID 19, and the industry needs to reinvent from those issues by forcing itself to live. Thus, Circular Economy (CE) can act as a potential solution to address the issues related to both environmental and economic factors of the apparel industry. CE is a business strategy to gain economic benefit, minimise environmental impacts and increase the efficiency of resource consumption. CE concept has been practised in various countries such as China, Bangladesh, Europe, Australia and Germany. However, it is still a novel concept in Sri Lanka even though Sri Lankan apparel industry has a solid reputation globally for their high-quality, reliability, lead time, and social accountability. Introducing the CE concept into Sri Lankan apparel industry will help to overcome the financial issues in a sustainable way. With the intention of introducing CE concept to Sri Lankan apparel industry, this paper intends to review the application of CE in global context and in the context of apparel industry, their benefits and challenges in order to further investigate the suitability of CE concept to SL apparel industry. This paper is therefore based on a comprehensive literature review. Hence, it highlights the literature findings on the applicability of CE in apparel industry, its benefits and challenges when adopting CE into apparel industry. This basic finding will aid to assess the possibility of incorporating CE concept within the Sri Lankan apparel industry. The key findings of the research, environmental gain, economic benefit, resource optimisation and collaboration among stakeholders are the key benefits of CE. The main challenges are expensive, advanced technology, measuring the benefits especially financially, lack of support, knowledge, awareness, commitment and leadership, systematic regulation, social and cultural acceptance.
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Teneva, Atanaska, Valentina Nikolova-Alexieva, and Ana Yaneva. "Concept Model for Assessment of the Economic Security Level in Food Industry Enterprises." In 2018 International Conference on High Technology for Sustainable Development (HiTech). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hitech.2018.8566418.
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Nilofar, K. M. Jemima, P. Vidyapriya, and M. Mohanasundari. "Impact of food processing industry on economic growth, FDI and exports in India." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CURRENT AND EMERGING PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES E-CONCEPT-2021. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068598.
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Karabegović, Isak, Mirha Bičo Ćar, Munira Šestić, Savo Stupar, Ermin Husak, Edina Karabegović, Mehmed Mahmić, et al. "Industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Industry 4.0." In Međunarodna naučna konferencija Aplikacija industrije 4.0 – prilika za novi iskorak u svim industrijskim granama. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2022.202.20.
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Currently, the world is facing major changes. Research and development of innovations in new technologies, the rapid pace of implementation of these innovations and especially digitization and automation, play a major role in shaping the future world. Technological innovations promise the transformation of the world we live in all its dimensions. However, in order for the benefits of innovation to be adequately exploited, it is necessary for us as a society to adapt to the coming changes. We must also keep in mind that these changes come at a time previously marked by uncertainty, turbulent changes and hyper competitiveness. The development and implementation of new technologies in business is motivated by a number of technical and economic reasons: improving the quality of finished products (machining, etc.), increasing productivity and reducing the share of work (assembly process), increasing the degree of homogeneity of product quality in all production processes related to the application of robotic technology, increasing the level of safety, reducing labor engagement in routine and reproducible processes, minimizing total production costs and maintenance costs of the device in the production process, all with the purpose of adequate responses to competition challenges and increasingly stringent customer requirements. Although the concept of Industry 4.0 is already widely used in developed countries, it is a relatively new concept in the Western Balkans, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most company managers understand the benefits of "smart" production and are familiar with new trends in the industry, intend to gradually introduce smart solutions, methods and technologies, and only a small number of companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina currently implement the concept of Industry 4.0. The paper presents the results of research on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in all branches of the economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and especially the representation of Industry 4.0 in small, medium and large enterprises. Detection of awareness of certain groups about the concepts of Industry 4.0 was performed, and the research method itself is based on an online survey.
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Pchelintseva, I. "The Features Of Innovative Development Of Russian Enterprises In "Industry 4.0" Concept." In II International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.09.02.198.
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Li, Dongmei. "Preliminary Study on the Concept and Evaluation Index System of Grain Industry Security." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-19.2019.57.
Full textReports on the topic "Industry (economic concept)"
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Stermieri, Lidia, Tom Kober, Russell McKenna, Thomas J. Schmidt, and Evangelos Panos. Socio-economic energy model for digitalization (SEED) overview design concept and details (ODD) protocol. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:56617.
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The Socio-Economic Energy Model for Digitalization (SEED) quantifies digitalization's impacts on technology investment choices, energy consumption, and emissions in different energy sectors. It belongs to the class of Agent Based Models and simulates the decision processes of various heterogenous actors of the energy system: households, services sectors and industry sectors. These decision processes relate to the adoption of digital services and practices, as well as the investment in end-use energy technologies to support them. The model represents a large set of complex interactions between its actors, such as peereffects, producer-consumer relationships and employee-employer relationships. It can also be linked to the Swiss TIMES energy system model (STEM) to evaluate broader implications to the energy supply and infrastructure arising from the decisions of the SEED actors. The current article formally describes the SEED model based on the Overview Design Concept and Details (ODD) protocol. It also lists its main features, assumptions and data sources.
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Rasiah, Rajah. Fostering Clusters in the Malaysian Electronics Industry. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006838.
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The meaning of clusters has evolved considerably over several decades. This presentation seeks to use a synthesis of the concept from the time of Mill and Marshall (industrial districts), and Smith and Young on differentiation and division of labour to encompass the work of Brusco, Becatini, Sabel, Sengenberger, Zeitlin, Pyke, Richardson, North, Lorenz, Wilkinson and Piore to extract the influence of socio-economic relationships (a blend of markets and trust-loyalty), and subsequently the contributions of Porter (traditional and high tech clusters) and Best (organizational change, techno-diversity, open-system flows and speciation). This presentation examines clustering in the electronics industry in Malaysia with a policy focus on the embedding environment within which this process has evolved in the two main regions of Penang and Kelang Valley. This presentation was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 2nd Annual Meeting held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th-29th, 2005.
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Kamp, Bart, Carmen Vallverdu, and Eduardo Sisti . The servitization of business among industrial companies in Catalonia. Edited by Patricia Canto. Universidad de Deusto, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/bieu8943.
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The concept of servitization refers to the trend among manufacturing companies to base their business not only on produced goods, but increasingly on services. This implies expanding the portfolio of value propositions in the market, integrating and linking them in the form of complete solutions. In turn, it implies generating revenue from the provision of services and/or charging for products as if they were services. This study conceptualizes the phenomenon of servitization, presents the state of the art among the Catalan industry (meso-economic perspective) and collects experiences of 8 Catalan companies (micro-economic perspective) to investigate barriers and benefits of servitization. At this time when all territories in the world are facing complex challenges, among which the climate emergency stands out, there is a need for profound social transformations. Moreover, the requirement that these transformations should be of a democratizing nature is also proving to be a relevant topic.
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Swanson and Kilman. L51506 Development of Improved Methods for Inspecting Gas Storage Well Downhole Casing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010199.
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Casing corrosion in storage wells is a matter of considerable concern to the gas storage industry. Such wells are typically flowed through the casing rather than through production tubing, to facilitate high flow capacities. When failures occur, gas leakage to surrounding formations, freshwater zones and to the surface can pose a sizable economic loss as well as a serious safety hazard. For these reasons, monitoring corrosion in down-hole casing in gas storage fields has become a major concern of many storage field operators, and the in situ detection and assessment of corrosion damage by means of logging instruments is a significant part of this effort. The study reported in this document has sought to investigate in detail the objectives, methods and results of currently available commercial logging devices as a first step in determining whether down-hole corrosion damage can be more accurately characterized by improved logging methods. Of the several methods potentially capable of meeting the through-wall measurement requirement, only two form the basis for current commercial corrosion logs: the flux leakage, or magnetic perturbation technique, and the remote field eddy current approach. In seeking to provide reasonably short term performance improvements to the industry, it was decided in this project to pursue refinements of magnetic perturbation logs for two reasons: first, the shortcomings evidenced by present logs of this type appear to be amenable to relatively simple improvement, and second, the remote field eddy current approach, while useful as an adjunct to damage assessment, offers little promise of sizing individual corrosion flaws.
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Meidani, Hadi, and Amir Kazemi. Data-Driven Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Drag Forces on Truck Platoons. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-036.
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Fuel-consumption reduction in the truck industry is significantly beneficial to both energy economy and the environment. Although estimation of drag forces is required to quantify fuel consumption of trucks, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to meet this need is expensive. Data-driven surrogate models are developed to mitigate this concern and are promising for capturing the dynamics of large systems such as truck platoons. In this work, we aim to develop a surrogate-based fluid dynamics model that can be used to optimize the configuration of trucks in a robust way, considering various uncertainties such as random truck geometries, variable truck speed, random wind direction, and wind magnitude. Once trained, such a surrogate-based model can be readily employed for platoon-routing problems or the study of pavement performance.
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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.
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Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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Alfonso, Mariana, Oliver Azuara Herrera, and Mauricio Mondragón. Empleos y habilidades verdes en América Latina: Una mirada a los datos de LinkedIn. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004457.
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LinkedIn ha desarrollado distintos conceptos para analizar las tendencias de los empleos verdes en su plataforma. La alianza entre LinkedIn y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (a través del Data Partnership) ha permitido acceder a datos clave sobre el uso de esta plataforma que reflejan el comportamiento del empleo en sectores clave en la región. Con la información disponible, se puede dar seguimiento a los indicadores que calcula LinkedIn a partir de la información de sus usuarios, con foco en la economía verde para América Latina y el Caribe. La tasa de contratación verde ha experimentado un rápido crecimiento desde 2020. Sin embargo, dicho crecimiento fue menos dinámico en comparación con la tasa de contratación general para casi todos los países. Servicios ambientales destaca como la habilidad que tuvo el mayor crecimiento en los últimos cinco años para los países con los que se cuenta con la información desagregada. La agricultura es la industria con mayor penetración de habilidades verdes en la región. Además, entre las industrias con alta penetración de habilidades verdes, es la única que ha mostrado una tendencia de crecimiento en este indicador; las demás se han estancado, o han incluso reducido su nivel de penetración.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Shapovalova, Daria, Tavis Potts, John Bone, and Keith Bender. Measuring Just Transition : Indicators and scenarios for a Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. University of Aberdeen, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22364.
Full textAbstract:
The North East of Scotland is at the forefront of the global energy transition. With the transformation of the UK’s energy sector over coming decades, the lives of communities and workers in the North East will be directly affected as we collectively transition to a Net Zero economy. A Just Transition refers to a fair distribution of the burdens and benefits as society and the economy shifts to a sustainable low-carbon economy. It calls for action on providing decent green jobs, building community wealth, and embedding participation. While it is a well-established concept in the academic literature and in policy there is a notable lack of approaches and data on measuring progress towards a Just Transition. In Scotland, with Just Transition planning underway, there are calls for clarity by the Scottish Parliament, Just Transition Commission, and many stakeholders on how to evaluate progress in a place-based context. The project ‘Just Transition for Workers and Communities in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire’ brought together an interdisciplinary team from the University of Aberdeen Just Transition Lab to identify and collate the relevant evidence, and engage with a range of local stakeholders to develop regional Just Transition indicators. Previous work on this project produced a Rapid Evidence Assessment on how the oil and gas industry has shaped our region and what efforts and visions have emerged for a Just Transition. Based on the findings and a stakeholder knowledge-exchange event, we have developed a set of proposed indicators, supported by data and/or narrative, for a transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire across four themes: 1) Employment and skills, 2) Equality and wellbeing, 3) Democratic participation, and 4) Community empowerment, revitalisation and Net Zero. Some of the indicators are compiled from national/local data sets, including data on jobs and skills, fuel poverty or greenhouse gas emissions. Other indicators require further data collection and elaboration, but nevertheless represent important aspects of Just Transition in the region. These include workers’ rights protection, community ownership, participation and empowerment. We propose four narrative scenarios as springboards for further dialogue, policy development, investment and participation on Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Indicators, as proxies for evaluating progress, can be used as decision support tools, a means of informing policy, and supporting stakeholder dialogue and action as we collectively progress a Just Transition in the North East. There are no shortcuts on a way to a Just Transition. Progress towards achieving it will require a clear articulation of vision and objectives, co-developed with all stakeholders around the table. It will require collaboration, trust, difficult conversations, and compromise as we develop a collective vision for the region. Finally, it will require strong political will, substantive policy and legal reform, public and private investment, and building of social licence as we collectively build a Net Zero future in the North East.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.