Journal articles: 'Industry 4.0 (I4.0)'

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Lin, Shi Dong, Xiao Long Chen, Jiang Wang, Chao Fan Zhu, Mao Hua Rong, Guang Hui Rao, and Huai Ying Zhou. "Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect of Nd_0.7Gd_0.3Mn₂Si₂ Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.47.

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In this work, crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of Nd0.7Gd0.3Mn2Si2 alloy were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Nd0.7Gd0.3Mn2Si2 crystallizes in ThCr2Si2-typed structure with space group I4/mmm, in which the Nd, Gd, Mn and Si atoms occupy 2a (0, 0, 0), 2a (0, 0, 0), 4d (0, 1/2, 1/4) and 4e (0, 0, 0.38261) position, respectively. The Curie temperature (Tc) of Nd0.7Gd0.3Mn2Si2 alloy is 42 K, while the spin reorientation temperature (TSR) is 26 K and the Nel temperature (TN) is 410 K. The Tc and TN were determined using PPMS and DSC, respectively. The maximum value of the magnetic entropy change (-Smax) in the field change of 0-5 T is 11.862 J/kg K, while the value of relative cooling power (RCP) in Nd0.7Gd0.3Mn2Si2 alloy is 69.666 J/kg under the field change of 5 T.

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Adiljonovich, Toshpulatov Ikboljon. "Influence of industry 4: 0 program on ensuring country competitiveness in the international market." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 5 (2020): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00276.1.

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Hyland, Robert. "The Early Transnational Chinese Cinema Industry, Fu Yongchun (2019)." Asian Cinema 32, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ac_00037_5.

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Review of: The Early Transnational Chinese Cinema Industry, Fu Yongchun (2019)London: Routledge, 156 pp.,ISBN 978-0-42949-006-4, e-book, £29.59ISBN 978-0-36766-134-2, p/bk, £29.59ISBN 978-1-13859-237-7, h/bk, £96.00

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Zong, Yun, Xu Zhao, and Wei Chen. "Magnetic and Electrical Property in Mg²⁺ Deficient La_1.4Sr_1.6Mn₂O₇ Perovskite." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.571.

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The nominal compositions of La1.4Sr1.6-xMgxMn2O7(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) have been synthesized using solid-state reaction method. The XRD analyses show that the x=0 compound is pure I4/mmm tetragonal bilayered perovskites phase, while they are mixture of an orthorhombic ABO3-type perovskite and tetragonal bilayered perovskites for x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3). When x is 0.4, the compound is pure orthorhombic ABO3-type perovskite. For lightly doped samples (x=0.1 and 0.2), the Curie and Nair temperature decreases with the increasing Mg2+doping, while the metal-insulation transformation temperature is 90K and 140K, respectively. For heavy doped samples (x=0.3 and 0.4), the magnetic property shows spin-glass state, and the resistance increases nearly 4 order of magnitudes.

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Qin, Yuqi. "Research on machine learning Algorithm optimization based on 0-1 coding." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 042086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/4/042086.

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Abstract Machine learning algorithm is the core of artificial intelligence, is the fundamental way to make computer intelligent, its application in all fields of artificial intelligence. Aiming at the problems of the existing algorithms in the discrete manufacturing industry, this paper proposes a new 0-1 coding method to optimize the learning algorithm, and finally proposes a learning algorithm of “IG type learning only from the best”.

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Wiener, G., G. J. Lee, and J. A. Woolliams. "Effects of rapid inbreeding and of crossing of inbred lines on the body weight growth of sheep." Animal Science 55, no. 1 (August 1992): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037314.

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AbstractSheep of three hill breeds, Scottish Blackface, Cheviot and Welsh Mountain and the reciprocal crosses among these breeds were inbred (mostly by parent × offspring mating) for four generations to five levels with inbreeding coefficients ofO, 0·25 (I1), 0·38 (I2), 0·50 (I3) and 0·59 (I4). Inbred females were also mated to unrelated inbred males of the same breed type to produce line crosses (LC). Each type of dam (except LC and I4) was mated to produce lambs of up to three different inbreeding levels thus allowing the effects of the individual's own inbreeding to be separately assessed from the effects of maternal inbreeding. This study examined body weight at a sequence of ages from birth to 4 years of age with 2369 animals (ages up to 78 weeks old) or 1062 animals (2 to 4 years old) contributing to the analyses.Inbreeding of the individual had a highly significant retarding effect on body weight and growth rate up to the I2 level for weights of lambs up to 24 weeks old, with a slight recovery in performance thereafter. For the later ages examined, the maximum depression was reached at the I3 stage. The partial recovery in performance at the higher levels of inbreeding for lambs less than 24 weeks of age was also noted within lines and did not therefore appear to arise only from a loss of lines as inbreeding proceeded. The effect of dam's inbreeding was to depress growth up to the I3 level and at most ages up to I4. Line-cross lambs were generally heavier (but not significantly so) than non-inbred (F2 and the pure equivalent, O2) and progeny of line-cross dams were similar in weight to those from other non-inbred (F1, or F2 and O1, or O2 dams) or slightly better. The more highly inbred the individuals the more, in general, they fell behind the weights of the corresponding non-inbreds as they grew older. Inbreeding may thus have permanently stunted the sheep.There were no significant differences between purebred and crossbred sheep in the rate of inbreeding depression. Only at the ages of 3 and 6 weeks was there a significant difference between the three pure breeds in the changes in weight attributable to inbreeding. Up to the age of weaning (15 weeks) the changes with inbreeding of individuals could not be explained statistically in terms of dominance effects alone and non-allelic interactions may therefore also be involved. At all ages the effect of inbreeding of the dam was consistent with dominance effects alone.

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Jalilian, J., and O. Mohsennia. "Effects of Superabsorbent and Irrigation Regime on Seedling Growth Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0088-5.

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Abstract Greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the effects of superabsorbent and water deficit stress on seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Urmia University of Iran. Three amounts of superabsorbent polymer (0 (S1), 2 (S2) and 4 g (S3) were mixed with 500 g soil before sowing, and four levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation at 20 (I1), 40 (I2), 60 (I3) and 80% (I3) field capacity) were set as treatments. The root length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, SPAD and root-shoot ratio were affected by treatments. Means comparisons indicated that the highest root length (19 cm) observed in the I4 irrigation regime and the lowest of it (16.18 cm) obtained in I1 condition. Barley plants that received 4 g and no superabsorbent had the utmost (1.13 cm) and lowest (0.54 cm) root volume, respectively. Whereas plant situated in I4 and I1 irrigation regimes produced greatest and smallest amount amount of shoot dry weight and SPAD. The maximum (12.83 cm) and minimum (8.33 cm) leaf length was obtained from S3I3 and S1I1 condition, respectively. Generally, the results showed the most of measured barley seedling traits in irrigation at 40 % field capacity (I2) were the equal with I3 and I4 irrigation regimes treatments, which indicated the resistance of barley seedling to the water deficit stress. Also, we found that the improving of root dry weight and root volume of barley seedling along with increasing in the superabsorbent application.

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VRONKOVA, VALENTYNA, YURIY KAGANOV, and NATALIA METELENKO. "FORMATION OF DIGITAL SOCIETY AND DIGITAL MAN VALUES IN THE GLOBALIZATION CONDITIONS AND INDUSTRY 4. 0." HUMANITIES STUDIES, no. 11 (2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/hst-2022-11-88-02.

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Hultink, Erik Jan. "4 Product development performance: strategy, organization and management in the world auto industry." Design Studies 15, no. 2 (April 1994): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(94)90031-0.

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Voloshyna, Olesia, Vitaliy V. Romaka, Koushik Karmakar, Silvia Seiro, Andrey Maljuk, and Bernd Büchner. "TSFZ Growth of Eu-Substituted Large-Size LSCO Crystals." Crystals 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070998.

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The travelling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) growth of Eu-substituted LSCO (La1.81−xEuxSr0.19CuO4, with nominal x = 0 ÷ 0.4) single crystals was systematically explored for the first time. The substitution of La with Eu considerably decreased the decomposition temperature. Optimal growth parameters were found to be: oxygen pressure 9.0–9.5 bars; Eu-free CuO-poor solvent (66 mol% CuO) with a molar ratio of La2O3:SrCO3:CuO = 4:4.5:16.5 and growth rate 0.6 mm/hour. The obtained single crystals were characterized with optical polarized microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The solubility of Eu in LSCO appeared to be limited to x~0.36–0.38 under the used conditions. The substitution of La3+ with smaller Eu3+ ions led to a structural transition from tetragonal with space group I4/mmm for La1.81Sr0.19CuO4 (x = 0) to orthorhombic with space group Fmmm for La1.81−xSr0.19EuxCuO4 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), and to a substantial shrinking of the c-axis from 13.2446 Å (x = 0.0) to 13.1257 Å (x = 0.4). Such structural changes were accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the superconducting critical temperature, Tc, from 29.5 K for x = 0 to 13.8 K for 0.2. For x ≥ 0.3, no superconductivity was detected down to 4 K.

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Silva, C. A., Joeliton B. Silva, M. C. Silva-Santana, Petrucio Barrozo Silva, and Nelson O. Moreno. "Influence of the Zn Dopant in Structural and Electrical Properties of the La₂Ni_1-xZn_xO₄." Advanced Materials Research 975 (July 2014): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.975.75.

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In this work, we present results of synthesis, electric and structural characterization of Ruddlesden- Popper Lan+1Nin-xZnxO3n+1(n =1, 0<x<0.4) compounds. The samples were synthesized by combustion reaction method by using citric acid as fuel. The precursors obtained from this reaction were treated for 12 hours at 1100 °C in air. The polycrystalline samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electric resistivity. The XRD results indicate that samples were obtained with single phase in the orthorhombic symmetry and space group I4/mmm. The preliminary results suggest that the Zn-doping plays an important role on the charge transport and modifies the manner that the holes are arranged in the system.

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HWANG, HARK-CHIN. "A 4/3-APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM FOR CASSETTE PACKING IN STEEL INDUSTRY." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 24, no. 05 (October 2007): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595907001462.

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In packing steel products of coils into cassettes, we need to consider both the width and weight capacity of cassettes. Each coil has weight in (0, 1/3] and width in (1/6, 1/3] when scaling both the weight and width capacities to 1. With the objective of minimizing the number of cassettes to pack the coils, the problem is modeled by two-dimensional vector packing. To efficiently pack the coils having sizes specified by the ranges, we develop a 4/3-approximation algorithm.

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Greene, George M. "Usefulness of Apogee® for the PA Apple Industry." HortScience 35, no. 5 (August 2000): 828C—828. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.828c.

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Excessive tree vigor is a significant production problem for the PA apple industry. A series of experiments were conducted from 1994 to 1999, which indicated that Apogee® could effectively reduce vegetative shoot growth. Results from 1994 to 1996 have previously been reported (HortScience 31:598, 32:558). In 1997, 16 treatments composed of four rates (0, 63, 125, and 250 ppm) and four timings (22 May; 4, 11, and 24 June) in various combinations, were applied as dilute handgun sprays. These treatments were applied to sixth leaf `York Imperial' apple trees. Ten peripheral shoots, at a height of 2 m, were tagged and measured on 21 May, 9 and 30 June, 16 July, 12 Aug., and on 10 Oct. Shoots treated with 63, 125, or 250 ppm on 22 May followed by 0, 63, or 125 ppm on 4, 11, or 24 June were from 65% to 76% of the length of the controls (25.5 cm). Treated shoots were from 69% to 78% of the length of the controls following sprays with 63 ppm on 22 May followed by 0, 63, or 125 ppm on 4, 11, or 24 June. Shoots treated with 125 ppm on 22 May followed by 0 or 63 ppm on 4, 11, or 24 June were from 69% to 73% of the length of the controls. The later applications (11 and 24 June) of 250 ppm gave no growth control but the 22 May treatment gave a 30% reduction in growth. In 1999, dilute handgun sprays of 125, 125, 83, and 83 ppm were made on 22 May and on 4, 11, and 24 June, respectively. Cultivars treated were `Spartan', `Delicious', `York Imperial', `Gala', and `Mutsu'. The length of 10 peripheral shoots at 2 and 3 m were measured on 28 July and on 12 Aug. All cultivars responded and on 12 Aug. treated terminal shoot lengths ranged from 33% to 55% of the controls. With reduced vegetative tree vigor many horticultural factors will be improved. In addition, the severity of shoot fire blight can be reduced and the control of all pests that prosper on young succulent leaves will be easier, especially apple aphids and obliquebanded leafrollers. Major factors to be considered in developing an efficacious Apogee® program appear to be initial tree vigor, length of growing season, and crop load. An initial application at 1 to 3 inches of terminal growth is probably the most critical factor.

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Akyüz, Müslüme. "Endüstri 4. 0 Kadınlar İçin Devrim Olacak Mı (Industry 4.0 Will There Be A Revolution for Women )." Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi 3, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2020.347.

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Kraus, K. M., N. M. Kraus, and O. V. Marchenko. "Formation of Industry X.0 on the Basis of Innovative-Digital Entrepreneurship and Virtual Mobility." Business Inform 6, no. 521 (2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-6-50-58.

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The article attempts to present a number of key technologies that determine the new quality of life of people. The following content is specified and disclosed: autonomous artificial intelligence in a smartphone, professional robot assistants, available satellite intelligence, podcasts, digital urban planning tools. In the article, the authors hypothesize that Industry X.0 is by far the highest stage of digitalization and represents a concept of innovative and digital production, the components of which are «smart assets», «smart services», «smart business», and «smart government». Structural elements of the authors’ concept of X.0 Industry are indicated, its visual cut in virtual reality conditions is provided and the functioning of this Industry exclusively within the framework of the 7th technological mode is characterized. The authors have developed and presented the protocol of formation of the X.0 Industry through the prism of innovations, technologies in both the industry sector and business management. 4 stages of implementation of this protocol are defined, namely: determination of the innovative landscape of «technological breakthrough» in a particular industry within the formation of industry X.0; assessment of threats; determining the course of further development and the action plan (four main approaches to which organizations can apply: protection, adoption of innovations, initiation of subversive innovations, retreat); implementation of structural changes at the DNA level of the organization. The authors on the basis of a number of factors bring forward the argument that today’s realities of the digital space require the development of a new logic of running a platform business in terms of its digitization. It is concluded that in practice it is necessary to form a broad coalition of educators, government officials, analysts, high-tech specialists, economists, industrialists, scientists who will join the formation of the X.0 Industry on the basis of digitalization and innovatizing. The authors concluded that Industry X.0 is a new approach to the organization of production in the context of virtual reality, which is based on highly intelligent integrated new products and digital ecosystems that form an innovative digital value chain, add new competencies and implement deep cultural changes in the direction of the formation of a new virtual reality.

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Kavussanos, Manolis G., and Stelios N. Marcoulis. "4. CROSS-INDUSTRY COMPARISONS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF STOCK RETURNS IN SHIPPING, TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER INDUSTRIES." Research in Transportation Economics 12 (January 2004): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-8859(04)12004-0.

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Nematov, Dilshod. "DFT calculations of the main optical constants of the Cu2ZnSnSexS4-x system as high-efficiency potential candidates for solar cells." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v11.i4.pp287-293.

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In the present work, using quantum-chemical calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we study the optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals of kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 doped with Se. Using the WIEN2k package, the concentration dependences of the optical characteristics of nanocrystals of the Cu2ZnSnSexS4-x system (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were calculated. It is shown that doping with Se at the S position leads to a noticeable improvement in the photo absorbing properties of these nanocrystals, as well as their photoconductivity in the IR range. The calculated absorption and extinction spectra of the materials under study, are compared with experimental data known from the literature. The data obtained will significantly enrich the existing knowledge about the materials under study and will help expand the scope of these compounds in optoelectronic devices, especially in solar cells and other devices that convert solar energy into electricity.

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Chia, F. C., Y. H. Tung, and F. Y. Y. Yong. "Examining the Agile Project Management Practices in the Malaysian Construction Industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042041.

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Abstract Agile Project Management (APM) is traceable as a concept for software development and IT projects. It represents one of the basic competitive advantages of contemporary organizations that can be applied to almost any large-scale project in any industry. Construction projects being a high uncertainties, high changes, high complexity, and high risk industry is yet to be seen if the adaptive approach of APM is applicable. A questionnaire consisting of four core agile values and 70 agile practices was used to study the inclination of project management practices in the Malaysian construction industry. The survey, which garnered 210 responses from construction personnel, revealed the inclination of four core agile values between 6.38 and 7.34 on the scale of 0-10, while agile practices scored between 3.4 to 4.0 on 0-5. The agile oriented group is found had applied 25 out of the 70 project agile practices more frequent than the non-agile oriented group. Smaller organizations have adopted more agile project practices, especially those related to the continuous improvement domain. The study concluded that the Malaysian construction participants are leaning towards the core value of project management, and indeed practiced agility in most of the project management tasks currently.

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Mazanova, M., V. Zdychova, P. Dryak, and R. Bludovsky. "Development of a reference material for water industry." Standartnye obrazсy - Reference materials, no. 4 (2015): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20915/2077-1177-2015-0-4-22-27.

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Wiener, G., G. J. Lee, and J. A. Woolliams. "Effects of rapid inbreeding and of crossing inbred lines on the growth of linear body dimensions of sheep." Animal Science 55, no. 1 (August 1992): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037326.

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AbstractSheep of three hill breeds and the crosses among them were closely inbred for four generations to create five levels with inbreeding coefficients 0·0 (F2/O2), 0·25 (I1,), 0·375 (I2), 0·50 (I3), and 0·59 (I4). Inbred females were also mated to unrelated inbred males of the same breed or crossbred type to produce line-crosses (LC). Mating was arranged so that the effects of inbreeding on the individual could be differentiated from maternal inbreeding. A total of 2369 animals were available up to 78 weeks of age and 1062 to the age of 4 years. This study examines the effects on six linear body dimensions and draws comparison with the effects on body weight. There were significant reductions in the size of the body dimensions with increasing inbreeding but the maximum depression was usually at the I2 stage for individual inbreeding and the I3 stage for maternal inbreeding. Most of the linear and many of the non-linear effects of inbreeding of the individual were significant and the effects of maternal inbreeding were also significant in a majority of cases. Inbreeding effects were more marked for relatively late-maturing parts (shoulder and hook widths) than for early-maturing (cannon bone and tibia lengths) with head width and body length intermediate but closer to the early-maturing parts. This was seen separately at each age, and in the effects of advancing age. By 78 weeks of age, the effects of inbreeding of the individual on absolute size had increased with age and by 4 years of age, in spite of a small recovery in size relative to F2/O2, was still greater than in early life. The effects of maternal inbreeding became progressively less with advancing age relative to non-inbreds. The changes with inbreeding could not be explained by dominance effects alone and epistasis is therefore likely also to be involved.

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Sulistianingrum, Ratih, and Ade Wachjar. "Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr Perr) Belum Menghasilkan pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Organik dan Intensitas Naungan." Buletin Agrohorti 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2015): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v3i1.14831.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh dosis pupuk organik dan intensitas naungan yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan maksimum tanaman cengkih belum menghasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Cikabayan, Dramaga, Bogor, mulai bulan September 2013 sampai dengan Februari 2014. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Split Plot dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah perlakuan naungan dengan empat taraf intensitas yaitu 0% (I1), 25% (I2), 50% (I3) dan 75% (I4), sebagai anak petak adalah pupuk organik dengan lima taraf dosis yaitu 0 kg (P1), 2.5 kg (P2), 5 kg (P3), 7.5 kg (P4) dan 10 kg (P5) per tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dosis pupuk organik 10 kg per tanaman dapat meningkatkan diameter tajuk tanaman cengkih 30.0% dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada 4 minggu setelah perlakuan (MSP). Intensitas naungan secara tunggal tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cengkih. Pemberian pupuk organik 2.5 kg per tanaman dengan intensitas naungan 50% dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman cengkih sebanyak 20.9% dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada 16 MSP, dan pemberian pupuk organik 5 kg per tanaman dengan intensitas naungan 75% dapat meningkatkan diameter batang tanaman cengkih sebesar 26.9% dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada 12 MSP

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Zhang, H., X. Y. Zhu, Y. Xu, D. J. Gawryluk, W. Xie, S. L. Ju, M. Shi, et al. "Giant magnetoresistance and topological Hall effect in the EuGa₄ antiferromagnet." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 034005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3102.

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Abstract We report on systematic temperature- and magnetic field-dependent studies of the EuGa4 binary compound, which crystallizes in a centrosymmetric tetragonal BaAl4-type structure with space group I4/mmm. The electronic properties of EuGa4 single crystals, with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at T N ∼ 16.4 K, were characterized via electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements. A giant nonsaturating magnetoresistance was observed at low temperatures, reaching ∼ 7 × 1 0 4 % at 2 K in a magnetic field of 9 T. In the AFM state, EuGa4 undergoes a series of metamagnetic transitions in an applied magnetic field, clearly manifested in its field-dependent electrical resistivity. Below T N, in the ∼4–7 T field range, we observe also a clear hump-like anomaly in the Hall resistivity which is part of the anomalous Hall resistivity. We attribute such a hump-like feature to the topological Hall effect, usually occurring in noncentrosymmetric materials known to host topological spin textures (as e.g., magnetic skyrmions). Therefore, the family of materials with a tetragonal BaAl4-type structure, to which EuGa4 and EuAl4 belong, seems to comprise suitable candidates on which one can study the interplay among correlated-electron phenomena (such as charge-density wave or exotic magnetism) with topological spin textures and topologically nontrivial bands.

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KIRILLOVA, S. A. "THE TOURISM DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: TRENDS, OBJECTIVES, SOLUTION METHODS." Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2021-0-4-90-101.

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The paper substantiates the relevance for development of digital technologies in the tourism industry, especially at the post-pandemic stage, and identifies main global trends in digitalization of this sector. It also describes the work experience of tourism organizations in Russia and abroad on the development and application of digital technologies. Consideration is given to the importance of entrenching digital technologies in the context of integrated digital initiatives and also the priority of government initiatives to promote and develop digital processes in the tourism industry. The conclusion is made about the need to create such institutional and infrastructural conditions in Russia that will be adequate to the objective of more rapid digitalization in the tourism industry with an account for new trends formed in digital transformation of the tourism industry in strategic documents at different planning horizons.

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Wang, Xiao Long, Yong Hong Liu, and Yan Zhen Zhang. "Research on the W/O Emulsion Stability Influenced by the Content of Salt and Surfactants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2975.

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The water-in-oil emulsion has been of great importance in the oil industry. The stability of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion has been investigated over a wide range of parameters. These parameters are salt concentration (0-8%), nonionic surfactant concentration (0-10%), and co-surfactant concentration (0-4%). The stability of water-in-oil emulsion was studied by recording the height of emulsion at 0, 6, 12, 24h. This investigation describes the coalescence process and shows that the presence of the surfactant is necessary for stable emulsion, and stability gradually decreases with salt concentration to some degree. Moreover, the co-surfactant combined with surfactant can increase the stability of emulsion effectively.

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Vagapova, N. R. "Economic-mathematical model of space-rocet industry restructuring." VESTNIK of the Samara State Aerospace University, no. 4(42) (April 24, 2014): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1998-6629-2013-0-4(42)-103-111.

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Ibrahimi, Izet, and Zarife Bajraktari-Gashi. "Research into the properties of poured asphalt from electric furnace slag aggregate." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-2/096.

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Purpose. This study case shows the influence of the use of electric furnace slag as an aggregate with a high positive impact on the properties of poured asphalt (AC). Research results regarding the skid resistance, depth of surface texture, resistance to erosion, water absorption, pressure solidity, and pellets of clay have argued the fact that adding this slag to mixing eruptive aggregate indicates improvements of mechanical characteristics of poured asphalt and its surface layer. Methodology. Preliminary preparation of the poured asphalt blend preliminary mixture, sampling and examination of the properties are developed in accordance with standard methods: EN 12697-27:2000, SK EN 12697-36:2003, EN 12697-2:2002+A1:2007, EN 12697-8:2003, EN 12697-34:2004+A1:2007, (Marshall Test), EN 12697-6:2004, and SIST EN 12697-2:2004. Findings.The metallurgical industries for years have been using all their by-products, including slag, as valuable resources for the industry and especially in the construction materials industry. The use of this process by-product in the construction industry, mostly in road construction, is among the key factors in saving natural resources and preventing environmental pollution. Originality. For the preparation of the preliminary recipe for three types of poured asphalt (AC 0/11, 0/8 and 0/5 mm), electric furnace slag and the eruptive sand with grain size from 0 to 11 mm, 0 to 8 mm and 0 to 4 mm were used. Practical value. The use of this type of slag as an aggregate of this bituminous mixture will not only show improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of AC, but will also show high economic and environmental effects.

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Bawohl, Melanie, and Tom Nilges. "Electrochemical Properties of Ag5Te2Cl0.8Br0.2, a Representative of the Solid Solutions Ag5Te2Cl1–xBrx." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0911.

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Impedance spectroscopic investigations of Ag5Te2Cl0.8Br0.2, a selected representative of the solid solutions Ag5Te2Cl1−xBrx with x = 0 - 1, proved the mixed-conducting property of this class of materials. Two polymorphs are realized in the temperature range of 309 to 410 K, the monoclinic β - phase (space group P21/n) and the tetragonal α-phase (space group I4/mcm) with an order-disorder phase transition temperature of 336 K (DSC). A sharp increase of the total and ionic conductivity can be observed at 337 K, in good accordance with the phase transition temperature. The electronic conductivity exceeds the ionic conductivity by approximately one order of magnitude over a wide range of temperature. Conductivities are σion = 6.9×10−5 (309 K) and σtot = 4.80×10−4 Ω−1 cm−1 (310 K) for β -Ag5Te2Cl0.8Br0.2 and σion = 1.6×10−2 (395 K) and σtot = 1.73×10−1 Ω−1 cm−1 (394 K) for α-Ag5Te2Cl0.8Br0.2.

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Valeeva, Elena V. "Universal Educational Metaphors." Observatory of Culture, no. 4 (October 28, 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-4-18-22.

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The universal educational metaphors become a prism through which one can examine an integrated educational Text. Education is a cultural-historical industry which provides for needs of a society a definite type of person. The article examines universal metaphors, such as “educational walk”, “prayer as a labor”, “educational trip”, “industrial workshop” and “pied piper”, which are useful tools for study and evaluation of changes and continuity in the historical-cultural industry.

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Nazarov, V. N. ,., D. V. Miroshnichenko, A. A. Ivakh, and B. V. Uspensky. "Amino-1,2,4-triazoles as a raw material for the fine organic synthesis industry (review)." Journal of Coal Chemistry 4 (2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-4-27-36.

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AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLES AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR THE FINE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS INDUSTRY (REVIEW) © V.N. Nazarov, PhD in technical sciences, D.V. Miroshnichenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences, A.A. Ivakh, B.V. Uspensky (NTU "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", 61002, Kharkov, Kirpicheva st., 2, Ukraine) The review summarizes the information on the industrial use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles - the basic raw material for the industry of fine organic synthesis. 3 and 4-substituted amino-1,2,4-triazoles have been used for a long time in the production of agricultural products, pharmaceuticals, dyes, high-energy materials, and anti-corrosion additives. Less well known is their use for the production of analytical reagents, flotation reagents, as well as for the production of heat-resistant polymers, products with fluorescent properties and ionic liquids, which are used in applied sciences, biotechnology, energy, and chemistry. The purpose of this communication is to consider in detail the participation of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4- triazoles in the production and use of various agricultural and medical products. Descriptions and schemes of chemical reactions of existing production methods for the synthesis of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, as well as some methods of obtaining these substances in laboratory conditions, are given. The two main areas of use of these amines and their derivatives: agriculture and medicine have been highlighted. It is shown that one of the most well-known branches of widespread use of 3- and 4- amino-1,2,4-triazoles in agriculture is the production of plant protection products. On the basis of these substances, the mass production of various insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, retardants (means for suppressing the growth of stems and shoots), inhibitors of nitrification of nitrogen fertilizers is organized. The use of these amines in medicine consists in the production of known drugs on their basis, such as furazonal (has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, dysentery bacteria, salmonellosis), thiotriazoline and cardiotril (cardiological drugs with anti-ischemic and membrane stabilizing effects) (platelet growth factor antagonist). Keywords: amino-1,2,4-triazoles, production, raw materials for synthesis, pesticides, pharmaceuticals. Corresponding author V.N. Nazarov, е-mail: рiren66@ukr.net

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Nazarov, V. N. ,., D. V. Miroshnichenko, A. A. Ivakh, and B. V. Uspensky. "Amino-1,2,4-triazoles as a raw material for the fine organic synthesis industry (review)." Journal of Coal Chemistry 4 (2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-4-27-36.

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AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLES AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR THE FINE ORGANIC SYNTHESIS INDUSTRY (REVIEW) © V.N. Nazarov, PhD in technical sciences, D.V. Miroshnichenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences, A.A. Ivakh, B.V. Uspensky (NTU "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", 61002, Kharkov, Kirpicheva st., 2, Ukraine) The review summarizes the information on the industrial use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles - the basic raw material for the industry of fine organic synthesis. 3 and 4-substituted amino-1,2,4-triazoles have been used for a long time in the production of agricultural products, pharmaceuticals, dyes, high-energy materials, and anti-corrosion additives. Less well known is their use for the production of analytical reagents, flotation reagents, as well as for the production of heat-resistant polymers, products with fluorescent properties and ionic liquids, which are used in applied sciences, biotechnology, energy, and chemistry. The purpose of this communication is to consider in detail the participation of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4- triazoles in the production and use of various agricultural and medical products. Descriptions and schemes of chemical reactions of existing production methods for the synthesis of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, as well as some methods of obtaining these substances in laboratory conditions, are given. The two main areas of use of these amines and their derivatives: agriculture and medicine have been highlighted. It is shown that one of the most well-known branches of widespread use of 3- and 4- amino-1,2,4-triazoles in agriculture is the production of plant protection products. On the basis of these substances, the mass production of various insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, retardants (means for suppressing the growth of stems and shoots), inhibitors of nitrification of nitrogen fertilizers is organized. The use of these amines in medicine consists in the production of known drugs on their basis, such as furazonal (has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, dysentery bacteria, salmonellosis), thiotriazoline and cardiotril (cardiological drugs with anti-ischemic and membrane stabilizing effects) (platelet growth factor antagonist). Keywords: amino-1,2,4-triazoles, production, raw materials for synthesis, pesticides, pharmaceuticals. Corresponding author V.N. Nazarov, е-mail: рiren66@ukr.net

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Tikhonov, E. A., V. S. Syunev, O. A. Kunitskaya, and V. V. Shvetsova. "Development of first stage of engine design methodology with external heat supply for use in timber industry." REPAIR RECONDITIONING MODERNIZATION 4 (2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2561-2022-0-4-25-35.

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One of the problems of developing a Stirling engine design methodology for use in the timber industry is discussed. The methodology of the first stage of modeling the engine’s work process for substantiating optimal design parameters is developed and justified: modeling the reverse working cycle. To implement this stage, a simulation of convective heat transfer from the working fluid to the inner walls of the engine cylinders and from the outer walls of the cylinders to the ambient air was performed. It made possible to determine the reduced convective heat transfer coefficients for further use in modeling the reverse cycle: from 0 to 7.2 W / (m2°C) for the displacer cylinder and from 0 to 68 W / (m2°C) for the piston cylinder. At the same time, the reduction error in comparison with the results of numerical experiments does not exceed 1% in the temperature range under consideration. Keywords: timber industry complex, Stirling engine, design methodology, reduced convective heat transfer coefficient.

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RETTENBACHER-RIEFLER, S., D. ZIEHM, L. KREIENBROCK, A. CAMPE, M. PULZ, and J. DREESMAN. "Sporadic salmonellosis in Lower Saxony, Germany, 2011–2013: raw ground pork consumption is associated withSalmonellaTyphimurium infections and foreign travel withSalmonellaEnteritidis infections." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 13 (January 28, 2015): 2777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003768.

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SUMMARYTo investigate risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis, for each notified case four randomly selected population controls matched for age, sex and geographical region were interviewed via self-administered questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analysis of 285 matched pairs revealed significant associations for raw ground pork consumption [odds ratio (OR) 6·0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·8–20·1], taking antacids (OR 5·8, 95% CI 1·4–24·5), eating meat outside the home (OR 5·7, 95% CI 2·2–14·6) and daily changing or cleaning of dishcloth (OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·2–3·9). Animal contact and ice cream consumption were negatively associated with salmonellosis (OR 0·5, 95% CI 0·2–1 and OR 0·3, 95% CI 0·1–0·6, respectively).S.Typhimurium infections were significantly associated with raw ground pork consumption (OR 16·7, 95% CI 1·4–194·4) andS.Enteritidis infections with having travelled abroad (OR 9·7, 95% CI 2·0–47·3). Raw egg consumption was not a risk factor, substantiating the success of recently implemented national control programmes in the poultry industry. Unexpectedly, hygienic behaviour was more frequently reported by cases, probably because they overestimated their hygiene precautions retrospectively. Although animal contact might enhance human immunocompetence, underreporting of salmonellosis by pet owners could have occurred. Eating raw pork products is the major risk factor for sporadic humanS.Typhimurium infections in Lower Saxony.

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Divine, Robert A. "NASA and the Space Industry. ByJoan Lisa Bromberg. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. x + 247 pp. Cloth, $38.50, ISBN 0-801 86050-4; Paperback, $18.95, ISBN 0-801-86532-8." Business History Review 74, no. 2 (2000): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116710.

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Barnes, Paris W., Michael W. Lufaso, and Patrick M. Woodward. "Structure determination of A 2 M 3+TaO6 and A 2 M 3+NbO6 ordered perovskites: octahedral tilting and pseudosymmetry." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 3 (May 15, 2006): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768106002448.

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The room-temperature crystal structures of six A 2 M 3+ M 5+O6 ordered perovskites have been determined from neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data. Ba2YNbO6 adopts the aristotype high-symmetry cubic structure (space group Fm\overline 3m, Z = 4). The symmetries of the remaining five compounds were lowered by octahedral tilting distortions. Out-of-phase rotations of the octahedra about the c axis were observed in Sr2CrTaO6 and Sr2GaTaO6, which lowers the symmetry to tetragonal (space group = I4/m, Z = 2, Glazer tilt system = a 0 a 0 c −). Octahedral tilting analogous to that seen in GdFeO3 occurs in Sr2ScNbO6, Ca2AlNbO6 and Ca2CrTaO6, which lowers the symmetry to monoclinic (space group P21/n, Z = 2, Glazer tilt system = a − a − c +). The Sr2 MTaO6 (M = Cr, Ga, Sc) compounds have unit-cell dimensions that are highly pseudo-cubic. Ca2AlNbO6 and Ca2CrTaO6 have unit-cell dimensions that are strongly pseudo-orthorhombic. This high degree of pseudosymmetry complicates the space-group assignment and structure determination. The space-group symmetries, unit-cell dimensions and cation ordering characteristics of an additional 13 compositions, as determined from X-ray powder diffraction data, are also reported. An analysis of the crystal structures of 32 A 2 MTaO6 and A 2 MNbO6 perovskites shows that in general the octahedral tilt system strongly correlates with the tolerance factor.

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Zhang, Shaojin, Bingling Liao, Xiao Li, Lei Li, Libao Ma, and Xianghua Yan. "Effects of yeast cell walls on performance and immune responses of cyclosporine A-treated, immunosuppressed broiler chickens." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 6 (July 26, 2011): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451100362x.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell walls (YCW) from the yeast extract industry on performance and immune function of cyclosporine A (CSA)-treated, immunosuppressed broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old male broilers were allocated randomly into four treatments: (1) non-challenged control; (2) non-challenged control+0·3 % YCW; (3) CSA-challenged group; (4) CSA-challenged+0·3 % YCW. On days 1–4 and 22–25 of age, broilers were subcutaneously injected with CSA or sterile saline. The results showed that supplementation of YCW significantly improved daily weight gain (DWG) during the starter (days 1–21,P < 0·01), finisher (days 22–42,P < 0·01) and overall (days 1–42,P < 0·05) periods compared with the control birds, but had no effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR,P>0·05). Compared with the CSA-treated birds, YCW alleviated the decrease of DWG (P < 0·01) and increase of FCR (P < 0·05) caused by CSA challenge at different periods and cumulatively. On days 21 and 42, YCW mitigated the CSA-induced decrease of peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic response (P < 0·01). In addition, YCW improved the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0·01) and thymus (P < 0·01) and up-regulated the splenic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P < 0·01) and IL-6 (P < 0·01) on day 42 compared with the CSA-treated birds. These results indicate that YCW supplementation has beneficial effects in attenuating the immunosuppressive effects of CSA challenge, therefore improving growth performance of broiler chickens.

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Samuelson, Gay. "Package Technology Challenges and the Role of the Sematech Assembly Analytical Forum." EDFA Technical Articles 5, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2003-4.p005.

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Abstract The Assembly Analytical Forum (AAF) is an organization under the auspices of the Sematech Quality Council. The AAF charter is to develop Packaging Analytical Roadmaps five to ten years into the future that are consistent with the International Technology Roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS). At ISTFA 2003, the AAF will convene with interested conference attendees to review, edit, and validate a white paper that will quantify critical gaps in the current suite of test, measurement, and characterization tools used in the semiconductor industry and provide recommendations on how to address them. The intent is to update the document biannually and review it in numerous industry venues to ensure its relevancy and utility. This article is somewhat of a preview to the Rev 0 AAF white paper.

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Sugiharti, Intannia Eka Putri, Ahmad Raksun, and I. Gde Mertha. "The effect of liquid organic fertilizer from tofu industrial waste and EM4 on the growth of mustard greens (Brasicajuncea L.)." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 17, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v17i4.3412.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from tofu industry waste, EM4, and their combination on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) and to determine the most optimal dose to increase the growth of mustard greens. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of POC from the tofu industry waste, and the second is the dose of EM4. Each factor has five levels of fertilization with three replications. The treatment of liquid organic fertilizer from tofu industry waste consisted of 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml, and 100 ml. The EM4 treatment consisted of 0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, and 4 ml/100 ml water. The parameters observed in Green mustard growth were plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, leaf area, and dry weight. The results of the research showed that the POC of tofu waste, EM4, and its combination did not have a significant effect on all parameters.

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Borshchev, A. V., and Y. A. Gusev. "Development and implementation of PCM in automotive industry. Varieties of HP-RTM processes." «Aviation Materials and Technologies», no. 4 (2014): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2071-9140-2014-0-4-48-52.

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Cherry, Elizabeth, Jennifer Craik, Paul B. Thompson, and Justin O’Hearn. "Reviews." Journal of European Popular Culture 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jepc_00007_5.

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Making Taste Public: Ethnographies of Food and the Senses, Carole Counihan and Susanne Højlund (eds) (2018) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 232 pp., ISBN 978-1-35005-268-0, h/bk, £85European Fashion: The Creation of a Global Industry, Regina Lee Blaszczyk and Vèronique Pouillard (eds) (2018) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 344 pp., ISBN 978-1-52612-209-4/978-1-52612-210-0, p/bk, £20Food Justice and Narrative Ethics: Reading Stories for Ethical Awareness and Activism, Beth A. Dixon (2018) New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 175 + viii pp., ISBN 978-1-35005-456-1, h/bk, $102.60The Thorny Path: Pornography in Early Twentieth Century Britain, Jamie Stoops (2018) Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 300 pp., ISBN 978-0-77355-468-9, h/bk, $39.95 CAD/$34.95 USD

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Plyukhin, A. E., and T. B. Burmistrova. "Occupational bronchopulmonary pathology cause by exposure of chrysotile asbestos." PULMONOLOGIYA, no. 4 (August 28, 2008): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-4-73-76.

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Investigation of various asbestos-induced lung diseases caused by exposure of chrysotile and chrysotile dust allowed description clinical, radiological, and functional features of occurrence, presentation, course, and outcomes of respiratory pathology, such as chrysotile asbestosis, occupational bronchitis and lung carcinoma in workers at asbestos industry. There is a reduction in morbidity of chrysotile asbestosis together with increasing prevalence of chronic bronchitis in modern asbestos industry. Morbidity of asbestosis-induced lung diseases is strongly and directly related to the length of service and level of pollution at the workplace. Preventive measures should include prevention of development of asbestos-induced diseases and rehabilitation of workers aimed to keeping health and restore adaptive reserve.

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Falowo, Andrew Bamidele, Felicitas Esnart Mukumbo, Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro, Anthony Jide Afolayan, and Voster Muchenje. "Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oil on Ground Beef from Boran and Nguni Cattle." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2628747.

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The global meat industry is characterised by a growing interest in natural preservative additives. This study determined the effect of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil (SBEO) on colour and lipid oxidation in minced beef. The phytoconstituents of SBEO were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Thereafter, minced beef samples from Nguni and Boran cattle were treated with either no additives (control, C) or SBEO added at 2% (SB2), 4% (SB4), or 6% (SB6). The meat samples were aerobically packaged and stored (4 ± 1°C) for seven days for measurement of lightness (L⁎), redness (a⁎), yellowness (b⁎), hue, chroma, and lipid oxidation (acid-reactive substances, TBARS) on days 0, 4, and 7. Thirty-two bioactive compounds with reported antioxidant and antimicrobial and activities were identified in SBEO, including Estragole (41.40%), 1, 6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl (29.49%), and trans-.alpha.-Bergamotene (5.32%). On days 0, 4, and 7, SB2, SB4, and SB6 had higher (P < 0.05) L⁎, a⁎, b⁎, hue, and chroma values; and on days 0 and 4 TBARS were lower (P < 0.05) in SB2 and SB4 than C and SB6. The addition of 2% and 4% SBEO improved colour and lipid oxidative stability, demonstrating potential for its use as a natural antioxidant additive in meat.

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Schroeder, Declan C., Mohamed A. Jaffer, and Vernon E. Coyne. "Investigation of the role of a β(1–4) agarase produced by Pseudoalteromonas gracilis B9 in eliciting disease symptoms in the red alga Gracilaria gracilis." Microbiology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26513-0.

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Gracilaria species are an important source of agar. The South African Gracilaria industry has experienced a number of setbacks over the last decade in the form of complete or partial die-offs of the agarophyte growing in Saldanha Bay, which may be attributed to bacterial infection. Since a positive correlation was observed between the presence of agarolytic epiphytes and bacterial pathogenicity, we investigated the role of an agarase in the virulence mechanism employed by a bacterium that elicits disease in Gracilaria gracilis. The recombinant plasmid pDA1, isolated from a Pseudoalteromonas gracilis B9 genomic library, was responsible for the agarolytic activity exhibited by Escherichia coli transformants when grown on solid medium. A blast search of the GenBank database showed that an 873 bp ORF (aagA) located on pDA1 had 85 % identity to the β-agarase (dagA) from Pseudoalteromonas atlantica ATCC 19262T (or IAM 12927T) at the amino acid level. AagA was purified from the extracellular medium of an E. coli transformant harbouring pDA1 by using a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. AagA has an M r of 30 000 on SDS-PAGE. TLC of the digestion products of AagA showed that the enzyme cleaves the β-(1,4) linkages of agarose to yield predominately neoagarotetraose. Western hybridization confirmed that the cloned agarase was in fact the extracellular β-agarase of P. gracilis B9. The observed relationship between disease symptoms of G. gracilis and the agarolytic phenotype of P. gracilis B9 was confirmed. Transmission electron microscope examination of cross sections of both healthy G. gracilis and G. gracilis infected with P. gracilis, revealed a weakening of the cell structure in the latter plants. Immunogold-labelled antibodies localized the agarase in situ to the cell walls of bleached G. gracilis. Thus, the weakening observed in the cell structure of G. gracilis infected with P. gracilis can be attributed to degradation of the mucilaginous component of the cell wall of the bleached thalli.

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Bulgakova, Irina V. "Book Fairs as a Factor of Book Publishing Industry Development in Russia and Spain." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 4 (August 3, 2009): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2009-0-4-85-89.

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Jebson, R. Selwyn, and Mani Iyer. "Performances of falling film evaporators." Journal of Dairy Research 58, no. 1 (February 1991): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900033483.

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SummaryThe performances of falling film evaporators used in the New Zealand dairy industry for concentrating skim milk, whole milk and buttermilk were evaluated by determining (1) the kg steam used per kg water evaporated, and (2) the heat transfer coefficient of each pass in the evaporators. A computer program was used to calculate the results. The heat transfer coefficients varied from 0·3 to 3·2 kW/m2 per °C and the steam consumption from 0·4 to 0·09 kg steam/kg evaporation. The viscosity of the feed and the momentum of the vapours passing down the tubes were found to be the main factors controlling the heat transfer coefficient. A correlation between the heat transfer coefficient and these factors is presented. Other factors likely to have an influence on the performance are discussed.

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Lenny, Sovia. "Preparation of Crackers by Mixing of Cassava, Carrot, and Protein Isolated from Waste of Ketchup Factory with CaSO4 Ions." Journal of Chemical Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (August 26, 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v4i1.9360.

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This research is one of the diversification efforts of food substances to create economically valuable nutritious food. It has been researched the use of isolation of protein from the waste of the Ketchup Industry as the mixture of crackers with various comparisons between isolating of the waste of protein from Ketchup Industry and cassava by adding an extract of carrot about its nutrient content also. The analyzing nutrient is protein content by using the Kjeldahl method and turning to dust β – carotene using the spectrophotometer and organoleptic test about the taste of crackers using a hedonic scale. The highest protein content and β – carotene is found in the crackers in comparison (1:6:3) namely 5,38 % and 53,59 ppm. Moreover, the lowest protein content and β – carotene is found in the crackers in comparison (1:0:0) namely 2.35 % and 27.49 ppm. The most delicious, crispy, and the most people like is the crackers with comparison (1:4:2).

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GATES, KEITH W., YAO-WEN HUANG, AMANDA H. PARKER, and DAVID P. GREEN. "Quality Characteristics of Fresh Blue Crab Meat Held at 0 and 4°C in Tamper-Evident Containers." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.3.299.

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There has been a regulatory movement toward the required use of tamper-evident containers for fresh blue crab meat. North Carolina passed tamper-evident regulations in 1993. Blue crab processors had little information on possible changes in head-space gases, microbial growth, chemical decomposition, sensory quality, or shelf life caused by the new containers. Chemical, microbiological, physical, and sensory changes in fresh crab meat were monitored during 18 days of storage in ice and 13 days of storage refrigerated at 4°C. “Special” blue crab meat, chosen for the study, is the least expensive commercial form of white crab meat. The crab meat was packaged in four retail containers: copolymer polyethylene cups with polyethylene snap-on lids, copolymer polyethylene cups with snap-on polyethylene lids fastened to the cup with heat-shrink low-density polypropylene seals, copolymer polyethylene cans with aluminum easy-open ends, and copolymer polypropylene cups with a tamper-evident pull-tab on the lid. Control samples packaged in industry standard copolymer polyethylene cups maintained higher oxygen levels than meat stored in tamper-evident containers. No consistent differences in quality or shelf life were detected among the containers. Market shelf life was limited to 6 days for meat held at 4°C and 15 days for meat held at 0°C. Sensory quality deteriorated 6 days earlier for crab meat held at 4°C than meat held at 0°C. Collateral work showed that toxin production by Clostridium botulinum neither occurred following 18 days of storage at 4°C nor after 15 days of storage at 10°C. Definite spoilage occurred before any toxin production. The study suggests that blue crab processors can safely use the new tamper-evident packaging, which has little or no effect on product quality or shelf life. Processors may choose appropriate packaging options using price, packaging quality, market appearance, and ease of production as the deciding criteria.

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Jeffers, Andrew, Marco Palma, William E. Klingeman, Charles Hall, David Buckley, and Dean Kopsell. "Assessments of Bare-root Liner Quality and Purchasing Decisions Made by Green Industry Professionals." HortScience 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.717.

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Production of high-quality nursery liners has long been a foundation principle for enabling success and business longevity in the competitive nursery industry. Unfortunately, many different characteristics can be used to define liner “quality,” ranging from physiological parameters measurable in scientific studies field establishment success and transplant production performance to gut-level hunches on the part of growers. A more complete understanding of what buyers are looking for in a bare-root liner would significantly enhance the success of producers in meeting the demands of end-users. As a result, a choice study involving a point-of-purchase simulation was designed to assess preferences of green industry professionals when viewing bare-root 1 + 0 nursery liners. A conjoint design was used for this study and involved six key attributes of liners: 1) number of first-order lateral roots (FOLR); 2) price; 3) production region; and uniformities of 4) height; 5) canopy density; and 6) liner caliper. A visual survey based on a large, color graphic depicting six distinct bare-root 1 + 0 liners with different combinations of attributes was administered together with a demographic questionnaire at four different green industry tradeshows and extension grower education and outreach venues in the southeastern United States. Results from 248 completed surveys corroborated previously reported results suggesting that high FOLR is the most important attribute influencing preference for 1 + 0 liner products followed by uniform liner height and canopy density. Contrary to a priori expectations, neither price nor region of production substantially influenced product preference. Utility values were calculated for each attribute level using outputs from the experimental model. These values can be used by growers to adjust production methods to improve liners with attributes that end-users value most. In addition, growers will be able to better estimate product ratings, redirect marketing efforts, and assess sales potential for various bare-root 1 + 0 liner products in U.S. markets.

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Ginting, Angeline May Natasha, and A. Bambang Sungkowo. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PESAN-ANTAR MASAKAN KHAS KARO BABI PANGGANG LUNING." Prosiding Working Papers Series In Management 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/wpm.v13i1.53-68.

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Karo's signature cuisine that continues to develop and food and beverage industry in Indonesia makes a positive contribution to GDP. The activites business model canvas, SWOT analysis and financial feasibility analysis. The resulting data is the data processed by researchers and the theories of research results. Financial feasibility calculation result, value NPV BPK Luning > 0 for which it can be concluded that the business is eligible to run. Payback period that is required for 4 months and 9 days.This is what encourages the author to build a business that is engaged in the food industry, especially karo cuisine.

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Struzziero, Giacomo, Davide Nardi, Jos Sinke, and J. J. E. Teuwen. "Cure-induced residual stresses for warpage reduction in thermoset laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 22 (March 1, 2020): 3055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320908631.

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The paper addresses the role played by the cure stage of a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process in residual stresses generation. The Airstone 780E epoxy resin and Hardener 785H system broadly used in the wind turbine blade industry has been used in this study. The viscous–elastic properties of the resin have been characterized and implemented in a thermo-mechanical FE model. The model has been validated against manufactured [0/90]4 asymmetric laminates. Analysis of residual stresses generation highlighted that compressive stresses generation occurs when the cure is shrinkage dominated and tensile stresses when expansion dominated in the 0° plies. The finding points out that 10% reduction in warpage and 33% reduction in process time can be obtained by selecting cure cycle parameters that allow tensile stresses development during the cure process in the 0° plies.

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YAMAZAKI, T. "Microbes in industry edited by A. Mizrahi and A. L. van Wezel, Alan R. Liss Inc., 1984. E52.00 (xv + 361 pages) ISBN 08451 3202 4." Trends in Biotechnology 4, no. 5 (May 1986): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(86)90146-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Industry 4.0 (I4.0)'

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