Academic literature on the topic 'Industries (Home), Germany'
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Journal articles on the topic "Industries (Home), Germany"
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Cantwell, John, and Rebecca Harding. "The Internationalisation of German Companies' R&D." National Institute Economic Review 163 (January 1998): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019816300111.
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Research and development in the German economy is internationalising: recently there has been an increase in outward DFI by German companies relative to the inward DFI of foreign-owned companies in Germany. By examining the long term trends in patents granted in the USA to the world's largest firms between 1969 and 1995, it emerges that Germany is now catching-up with a world-wide trend to internationalise technological activaty, and has done this on the basis of its core technological strengths developed historically at a national and corporate level. The research and innovation infrastructure of the economy remains strong, and German companies are locating abroad in the industries which are the most science-based, which are supportive of domestically-based core technologies and in which they hold the strongest competitive position relative to other European firms. German-owned companies retain their dominance of German-located R & D in five key industries—electronics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, metals and motor vehicles—and they have developed technological specialisms clearly focused on the core technologies of these industries, at home and now also abroad.
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Schröter, Harm G. "The German Question, the Unification of Europe, and the European Market Strategies of Germany's Chemical and Electrical Industries, 1900–1992." Business History Review 67, no. 3 (1993): 369–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500070343.
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Recent events in Europe have given rise to renewed speculation about the possible economic threat of a resurgent united Germany. This article examines six leading German firms in the electrical and chemical industries over the course of the twentieth century in an attempt to understand the historical realities of the foreign market strategies of Germany's largest firms. The author concludes that the changed configuration of international markets, the post-Second World War “Americanization” of German management, and the growing perception of a “European home market” have combined to remove the threat implicit in “the German question.”
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Niebuhr, Fiona, Prem Borle, Franziska Börner-Zobel, and Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht. "Healthy and Happy Working from Home? Effects of Working from Home on Employee Health and Job Satisfaction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031122.
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In addition to its catastrophic health effects, the COVID-19 pandemic also acts as a catalyst for new forms of work. Working from home (WFH) has become commonplace for many people worldwide. But under what circumstances is WFH beneficial and when does it increase harms to health? The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of specific characteristics of WFH for health (work ability, stress-related physical and psychological symptoms) and job satisfaction among German employees. The study is based on data from a Germany-wide panel survey with employees from different industries (n = 519). Using multiple regressions, it was found that the functionality of the technical equipment at home has positive effects on the health of employees (i.e., ability to work, stress-related symptoms) and job satisfaction. The percentual weekly amount of WFH influences stress-related symptoms, i.e., a higher amount of weekly working time WFH, was associated with more stress-related symptoms. Furthermore, it negatively influences job satisfaction. The feeling of increased autonomy leads to positive effects on employees’ job satisfaction. The results provide starting points for interventions and indicate the need for legal regulations for WFH. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Hiemesch-Hartmann, Neele. "Golden homes and gardens: Shift in demand by German consumers due to COVID-19 pandemic." SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112901010.
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Research background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a change in consumer demand behavior worldwide. Due to the pandemic, individual sectors and industries experienced enormous demand or significant decreases in demand. Hardly any sector or industry remained unaffected by the influences and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the many worldwide restrictions of private travel, many German consumers stayed in their home country. German tourists are internationally regarded as world champions in travel, so the lack of private long-distance travel led to implications for other sectors. Another trend that has emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic is the so-called cocooning. Cocooning is the term used by trend researchers to describe a tendency for consumers to increasingly withdraw from civil society and the public sphere into their private lives at home. This combination of a lack of private travel and a retreat into private domestic life has led to enormous growth in the furniture, household goods, garden, and home improvement sectors. Purpose of the article: The pandemic-related shift in demand is examined using secondary market data. These are first systematically researched, reviewed, and analyzed. Then, by using growth figures, the German home and garden market is examined based on sales figures and pandemic-related changes are shown. Furthermore, the individual sales channels, the relevant market players, and market shares under the pandemic’s influence will be analyzed. Methods: Systematic analysis of market information and datasets in the home and gardening sector in Germany. Findings & Value added: Creation of an information base regarding the shift in demand of German consumers in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Gupta, Pradeep. "Transfer Pricing: Impact of Taxes and Tariffs in India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 37, no. 4 (October 2012): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920120403.
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Transfer pricing in an economy is very significant to corporate policy makers, economic policy makers, tax authorities, and regulatory authorities. Transfer pricing manipulation (fixing transfer prices on non-market basis as against arm's length standard) reduces the total quantum of organization's tax liability by shifting accounting profits from high tax to low tax jurisdictions. It changes the relative tax burden of the multinational firms in different countries of their operations and reduces worldwide tax payments of the firm. This paper explores the influence of corporate taxes and product tariffs on reported transfer pricing of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in India by using the Swenson (2000) model. This study of custom values of import originating from China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Switzerland, UK, and USA into India reveals that transfer pricing incentives generated by corporate taxes and tariffs provide opportunity for MNCs to manipulate transfer price to maximize profits across world-wide locations of operations and reduce tax liability. The main findings of this paper are: The estimates computed by grouping together products of all industries being imported into India from sample countries reveal that TPI coefficients are positive and significant. Overall, positive and significant coefficients of TPI predict that one per cent reduction in corporate tax rates in the home country of the MNC would cause multinational corporations with affiliated transactions to increase reported transfer prices in the range of 0.248 per cent to 0.389 per cent. The Generalized Least Square estimates for individual industries display that out of nine industries in the sample, three industries (38, 73, and 84) have a positive and significant co-movement with transfer pricing incentives. In four industries (56, 83, 85, and 90), coefficient of Transfer Pricing Incentive (TPI) is negative but significant. In case of two industries (39 and 82), TPI coefficient is negative but not significant. Positive and significant coefficients of TPI predict that one per cent reduction in corporate tax rates in the home country would cause multinational corporations with affiliated transactions to increase reported transfer prices by 1.20 per cent in ‘Miscellaneous Chemical Products’ Industry (Industry 38), 0.175 per cent in the ‘Articles of Iron or Steel’ Industry (Industry 73) and 0.908 per cent in �Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Parts thereof' Industry (Industry 84). In industries where coefficient of TPI is negative and significant, MNCs would like to shift the taxable income of their affilates to the host country by decreasing their reported transfer price. The government's approach should be to reduce corporate tax and tariff rates to bring them at a level comparable with countries across the world which will reduce incentives for the MNCs for shifting of income out of India and increase the tax base for tax authorities. This will also result in an increase in the tax revenue of the country.
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Ishchuk, S. O., and L. Yo Sozanskyy. "Problems and Peculiarities of the Light Industry Development in Ukraine: A Statistical Comparison with EU Countries." Statistics of Ukraine 88, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.05.
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The light industry is one of the basic strategic segments of the national economy, providing for 5.0% of budget revenues and 2.6% of Ukrainian merchandise exports, and, therefore, has a considerable potential for further development. The purpose of the article is to identify problems and peculiarities of the light industry development in Ukraine on the basis of a statistical comparison with EU countries. According to the research results, the systemic negative dynamics of the light industry output resulted in a lag between Ukraine and EU countries, e. g. 6 times from Poland, 21 times from Germany, and 73 times from Italy. The light industry in Ukraine (like in the leading EU countries) specializes in manufacturing of final consumption products, which share in the output is more than 60%. However, despite such specialization, nearly 90% of the domestic demand for the light industry goods is met by imports.
At the same time, the significant export orientation of textile and other light industry industries given that all the production and consumption segments of these industries in Ukraine have a strong import dependence indicates a high share of tolling operations in the Ukrainian exports. The development of the Ukrainian light industry is hampered by the following key problems: high dependence on imported raw materials, supplies and components; low price competitiveness of home-made goods on the domestic market; the reliance of a large part of domestic companies in the industry on consumer-supplied raw materials. Hence, the priority of the government’s industrial policy for the light industry development is to restore (and further increase) raw materials supplies for textile and other domestic industries. The second objective is to create competitive conditions on the domestic market for the light industry by eliminating the shadow turnover in this segment. The third objective is to reduce the commodity exports, along with increasing exports of high quality products with a high share of value added.
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Rudykh, Lilia, and Olga Shilova. "Analysis of the socio-economic indicators of the Irkutsk region, Buryatia, and the Far East in 2016-2017: investments and prospects." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 08014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821208014.
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Socio-economic indicators of the Irkutsk region, Buryatia and the Far East, dynamics of their development in 2016-2017, and problems and prospects are considered in this paper. Today, the priority for the regions of Siberia and the Far East, which possess unique natural resources and a vast territory, is the complex task of increasing the living standard of the population and launching a new economic strategy. The Irkutsk region is one of the largest industrial regions of Russia. The city of Irkutsk was formed as an administrative, commercial and cultural-educational center. Currently, it is home to more than 50% of the urban population of the Irkutsk region. Some enterprises of the city have a machine-building profile. The production of food (more than 45% of the total volume), the construction material, and wood processing also play an important role. External migration has a significant impact on the demographic situation in the region. Most of the migration processes with the crossing of the boundaries of the region take place within Russia. According to statistical data, external migration can be divided as the three main flows of foreign citizens entering the territory of the Irkutsk region: the Central Asian direction (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan 44.3%); the East Asian direction (China, Mongolia, DPRK, Japan, and Vietnam 30.8%); and the Western direction (Germany, France, and Poland). It should be also noted that 13.9% of all migrants are migrants from Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus, and Moldova, these are mainly young people of working age. The Baikal region is famous in Russia for its natural landscapes: there are more than 1,500 objects of excursion and cognitive significance (natural, architectural, cultural and historical monuments) in the region. The region has a great industrial potential that is of national importance. Several basic complexes and industries compile a modern industrial structure. There are opportunities for further development of the industrial production in the oil and gas industries, diamond mining industry, the production of composite materials, fibers and mineral fertilizers. On the Far East, priority is given today to the raw material economy and the related infrastructure facilities, including the modernization of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
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BİL, Erkan, Hande KANDUR, and Senem ERGAN. "New Consumers of the Digital Age: Game Players." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i3.272.
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The game market has become one of the fastest growing industries of the digital age. The availability of internet access from anywhere, the diversification of game platforms, the increase in game options and the increase in application stores especially for mobile devices have accelerated this growth in the sector. The purpose of this study was to determine who the new consumers in the developing game industry are, their various demographics, characteristics and purchasing behaviors. Data which were collected by the survey method from 490 game players who participated in Gamescom, the world's largest game fair held in Cologne, Germany between 20-24 August 2019, were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way anova. As a result of the findings, it has been determined that majority of the participants were female, young adults and students. Almost half of the participants have more than 12 years of gaming experience, play games for an average of 3.76 hours a day and an average of 5.16 days per week, prefer to play at home and on their personal computers the most, majority were core gamers, and the favorite game category was action.
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van Ark, Bart. "Comparative Levels of Labour Productivity in Dutch and British Manufacturing." National Institute Economic Review 131 (February 1990): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013100107.
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‘And coming home, did go on board Sir W. Petty's Experiment—which is a brave roomy vessel—and I hope may do well. So went on shore to a Dutch house to drink some Rum, and there light upon some Dutchmen, with whom we had a good discourse touching Stoveing and making of cables. But to see how despicably they speak of us for our using so many hands more to do anything then they do, they closing a cable with 20 that we use 60 men upon’ (Samuel Pepys' diary for 13 February 1665)This article compares the output per person-hour in 16 branches constituting the total manufacturing sector of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The comparatively poor productivity performance of British industry, as documented in previous studies comparing Britain with Germany and the USA, is confirmed in this new comparison with a much smaller economy in the 1980s. The article examines differences in the industrial composition in the manufacturing sectors of the two countries. Part of the productivity gap is accounted for by the stronger concentration of Dutch manufacturing in capital-intensive industries and in the production of semimanufactured goods. However, a bigger slice of the gap must be attributed to factors such as differences in the pace of introducing new technologies in some of the branches, the quality of the labour force and the utilisation of the capital stock. The article also explores the relation between the average size of manufacturing units and the degree of vertical integration.
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Migeed, Ryan. "Trade-Based Solutions for Revitalizing Post-Conflict Economies." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 44.3 (2023): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.44.3.trade.
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International trade improves efficiency in home markets, creates new sources of demand for domestic industries, and boosts worker productivity. However, some types of trade are better than others for reviving the economies of countries emerging from internal or international armed conflicts. This note evaluates existing trade mechanisms that ostensibly help developing countries but fail to actually do so. It ultimately recommends the use of investor-state partnerships over trade-based mechanisms as the appropriate tool for improving the economies of post-conflict states. Part I evaluates a number of these existing trade mechanisms, including preferential trade agreements and the General System of Preferences. Part II raises two problems unique to post-conflict countries that must be factored into any analysis of how to best help their economies: aid dependency and resource dependency. Part III undertakes several historical comparisons to examine the effects of these measures in practice. It offers a set of brief case studies into postwar reconstruction efforts in Germany and Japan after World War II and Iraq after the First Gulf War. Finally, Part IV distills the lessons learned from these inquiries and presents “build-operate-transfer” schemes as the “ideal” way to boost tradable goods sectors in post-conflict countries and ensure that funds used to do so are directed to their purposes effectively and efficiently.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Industries (Home), Germany"
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Geppert, M., K. Williams, M. Wortmann, J. Czarzasty, D. Kağnıcıoğlu, H.-D. Köhler, Tony Royle, Y. Rückert, and B. Uckan. "Industrial relations in European hypermarkets: Home and host country influences." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6599.
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YesIn this article we examine the industrial relations practices of three large European food retailers when they transfer the hypermarket format to other countries. We ask, first, how industrial relations in hypermarkets differ from those in other food retailing outlets. Second, we examine how far the approach characteristic of each company’s country-of-origin (Germany, France and the UK) shapes the practices adopted elsewhere. Third, we ask how they respond to the specific industrial relations systems of each host country (Turkey, Poland, Ireland and Spain).
Books on the topic "Industries (Home), Germany"
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Heimann, Holger, and Holger Heimann. Die beste Buchhandlung der Welt: Wo Schriftsteller ihre Bücher kaufen. Berlin: Berlin University Press, 2012.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Hōritsu : Chihō reikishū, BBD. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Sōki : Ippan ronbunshū, kōenshū, EAF. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Sōki : Hyakka jiten, EAE. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Gogaku : Tōyō shogo, DAG. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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(Japan), Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Denki : Jinmeiroku , Shokuinroku, ACF. Tōkyō: Maruzen kabushiki Kaisha, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Igaku : Kiso igaku, CBB. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Sōki : Kojin zenshū, EAH. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Keizai, sangyō : Sangyō, EDJ. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
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Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan shozō Meijiki kankō tosho maikuro-ban shūsei: Seiji : Seiji, BAA. Tōkyō: Maruzen, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Industries (Home), Germany"
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O’Dell, T. H. "Between the Wars." In Inventions and Official Secrecy, 79–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198259428.003.0007.
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Abstract The recognition that something might be wrong in the way that British industry had been organizing itself had come quite early in the 1914-18 war. In July 1915 a government paper outlining what the new policy should be for supporting industrial research stated: It is well known that many of our industries have since the outbreak of war suffered through our inability to produce at home certain articles and materials required in trade processes, the manufacture of which has become localized abroad, and particularly in Germany, because science has there been more thoroughly and effectively applied to the solution of scientific problems bearing on trade and industry and to the elaboration of economical and improved processes of manufacture (BPP 1914-16 (8005), 1. 351).
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Patey, Luke. "Few Illusions Left." In How China Loses, 128–57. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061081.003.0006.
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For decades, Germany accepted a trade-off of technology for market access when its multinational corporations invested in China. What has changed in recent years is that China’s model of political authoritarianism and state capitalism is reaching out to the world. Increasingly competitive in China, Chinese multinationals have busied themselves with entering overseas markets and buying foreign corporations. China’s aim is to climb the global competitiveness ladder through its “Made in China 2025” policy and lead production in higher-value goods and services in the automotive, aviation, machinery, robotics, and other industries. Standing in direct competition with German industry, this set off alarm bells in Berlin. China’s investment restrictions and controls at home, coupled with its targeted investment abroad, antagonized relations in Berlin and other European capitals. New policies to protect German and European corporations from foreign takeover, and efforts to reform the World Trade Organization, have grown as this lack of reciprocity has been exposed.
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Gertler, Meric S. "Crisis in Machinery Building: The Roots of Germany’s Economic Malaise?" In Manufacturing Culture. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233824.003.0012.
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The health and state of the German economy has been the dominant topic in the European business press since at least 1994, when the post-unification boom came to an end, and with good reason. Home to 82 million people, it is Europe’s largest economy. But it has also been the slowest-growing economy within the European Union since 1994, averaging just 1.6 per cent annually, a period in which it has also lagged behind the United States in every year except 2001. The DAX index of Germany’s top companies has experienced a sharper and more sustained downturn than the stock markets in the United States, United Kingdom, and France, indicative of a growing malaise amongst the country’s largest industrial and financial firms (Smiley 2002: 4). Inward foreign direct investment has slowed to a trickle, and a large proportion of its biggest companies are diverting their own investments to production sites abroad. The country’s share of global exports has declined from 11.8 per cent to 9.7 per cent over the decade between 1992 and 2002 (The Economist 2002a: S8). Meanwhile, the national unemployment rate has climbed to nearly 10 per cent over the same period, according to German statistics (or 8.3 per cent using European Union statistics) (The Economist 2002b: S13). There is no shortage of diagnoses for what allegedly ails the German economy these days. For many in the same business press, the answer is seductively simple: Germany is ‘stifled by a hugely restrictive and intrusive web of regulations, and weighed down by one of the most expensive, inflexible and protected labour forces in the world’ (Smiley 2002: S4). While there is undoubtedly some truth to this assessment, it is also simple-minded in the extreme. This chapter provides an alternative interpretation of the roots of Germany’s economic problems by focusing on one of its bedrock industries: mechanical engineering (in particular, its machinery and machine tool industry). Tracing the evolution of this key industry from a point early in the 1990s when it first encountered a serious competitive setback.
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SchrÖter, Harm. "Continental European Free-Standing Companies: The Case of Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland." In The Free Standing Company in the World Economy, 323–43. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290322.003.0021.
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Abstract The free-standing company (FSC) was studied initially in the context of British economic history. Soon the question was raised, to what extent were FSCs headquartered in other states? In Chapter 11, Ben Gales and Keetie Sluyterman considered Holland as home to FSCs; my interest is in Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland. I have noted in an earlier book that the majority of Belgian foreign direct investment (FDI) was carried out through FSCs. In Chapter 5 herein, Peter Hertner showed that Belgian FSCs ‘ investment in Italy was substantial, second only to the British interest. By contrast, other nations with a sizeable share of the FDI in Italy, such as Switzerland or Germany, played a small or even insignificant role there in foreign investments made by FSCs.My opening question is, to what extent are my prior findings on Belgium and Peter Hertner ‘s evidence, which was gathered for one major host nation, confirmed by further research? Thus, my first sec-tion will offer data on FSCs headquartered in Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland, providing information on numbers, destinations, periods of foundation, branches of industries, finance, and so forth. The second part of this chapter will be devoted to special problems that arose during my research and also the association of my empirical materials with the emerging theory on the FSC.
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Grabher, Gernot. "The Disembedded Regional Economy: The Transformation of East German Industrial Complexes into Western Enclaves." In Globalization, Institutions, and Regional Development in Europe, 177–95. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198289166.003.0008.
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Abstract Years after the events of autumn 1989, it appears that only ‘half a revolution’ took place in eastern Germany. Although the ‘revolutionary subjects’ of 1989 triggered the implosion of the old tired-out system, they played hardly any role in the creation of the new. Moreover, the revolutionary developments almost completely lacked innovative, future-oriented ideas (Habermas 1990: 181). In this vacuum, instead of the development of new social visions, the immediate implementation of the blueprint of western German society and economy rose to the top of the agenda. This obvious preference for the successful western German model was clearly endorsed by an overwhelming majority of eastern Germans in the 1990 elections, for various reasons such as the hope for a quick improvement in living conditions, distrust of all eastern German elites, and fear of regressive developments in the Soviet Union. This decision reduced the transformation of eastern Germany to a mere cloning of the western German institutional framework. The new economic and social institutions of eastern Germany were to be set up simply as branches of the western German institutions—at a speed and with a vigour, however, that precluded any self-organization. In political terms, this rigorous cloning has led to a subject-less society (Haussermann 1992: 4), a representative democracy in an apathetic society. In economic terms, the vacuum resulting from blocked economic and social self-organization was abruptly and vigorously filled by foreign actors, above all western investors.
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Neumann, Franz. "The Social and Political Effects of Air Raids on the German People: A Preliminary Survey." In Secret Reports on Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134130.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the social and political effects of air raids on German morale during World War II. The strategic aerial bombing of Nazi Germany had increased to such an extent during the last twelve months that approximately 65,000 people were, at tbe time of the report, bombed out of their homes each week. The number of unusable destroyed houses in April 1944 totaled 1,600,000 in the Reich and the protected areas. A large number of the great industrial centers of Germany, such as Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen, the Ruhr district, Rostock, Hannover, Leipzig, Mannheim-Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Brunswick, Kassel, and Wiener-Neustadt had been severely damaged. The chapter considers the impact of the bombings on Germany's local defense program, the emergency relief measures implemented after the raids, problems of evacuation, the Nazi Party's propaganda reply to the raids, and how the bombings affected the German people, including the middle classes and workers.
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Boa, Elizabeth, and Rachel Palfreyman. "Introduction Mapping the Terrain." In Heimat A German Dream, 1–29. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198159223.003.0001.
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Abstract This study concerns a multifaceted tradition of cultural reflection and political aspiration which through many transformations has informed debate on German identity for at least a century. The core meaning of the word ‘Heimat’, its denotation, is ‘home’ in the sense of a place rather than a dwelling, but as the many combinations such as Heimatstadt (home town), Heimatland (native land), Heimaterde (native soil), Heimatliebe (patriotism, whether local or national), Heimatrecht (right of domicile), Heimatvertriebene (refugees driven out from a homeland), Heimatforschung (local history), Heimatkunde (local geography, his¬ tory, and natural history) suggest, it bears many connotations, drawing together associations which no single English word could convey. Hence we have chosen to use the German word, and to do so without italics to avoid confusion with Heimat as a title. Hidden within the difficulty of translation lies the sediment of the troubled history of the German-speaking lands. The transition from the particularist patchwork of states to the Prussian-dominated, unified Germany of l871 was marked by tensions between regional and national identity which were intensified by the extreme rapidity of industrialization and urbanization. In the period from the 1840s to 1900 Germany overtook Britain to become the second biggest industrial power after the USA and her population was changing from beingpredominantlyruralto becoming urban.
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Neumann, Franz. "The Attempt on Hitler’s Life and its Consequences." In Secret Reports on Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134130.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the political implications of the latest attempt on Adolf Hitler's life in relation to German morale at the time of the report. It first considers some of the principles for the evaluation of German morale: for example, the ruling group in Nazi Germany was made up of four segments: Nazi Party hierarchy, Armed Forces leadership, industrial and financial leaders, and high civil servants. In addition, in the course of World War II, the political power of the industrial leadership and of the civil servants had diminished to such a degree that they could assert themselves only by attempting to influence either Party or Army. The chapter proceeds by linking the timing of the attempt on Hitler's life to the impending transfer of the Home Army to Heinrich Himmler. It also analyzes the political character of the group behind the conspiracy to kill Hitler before concluding with a discussion of the political consequences of the failed assassination attempt.
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Stark, Alexander. "Industrial Film from the Home Studio." In Films That Work Harder. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986534_ch23.
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This chapter examines the case of the female West German filmmaker Elisabeth Wilms (1905–1981), who started out as a film amateur and became a successful producer of sponsored films. By exploring her methods in industrial film production, the chapter shifts the focus away from highvalue industrial films and their well-known production companies to the lower financial end of film production. The author aims to bring to the fore the historic intersections and interconnections between amateur and industrial filmmaking which have long been overlooked by film studies and exemplifies how filmmaker and client were often amateurs in the film business – a fact that has gained little attention in previous research, but often had a huge impact on the film production process.
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Wight, Martin, and DAVID S. YOST. "Eastern Europe in The World in March 1939." In History and International Relations, 209–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192867476.003.0012.
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Abstract Owing to the collapse of four empires (Habsburg, Hohenzollern, Ottoman and Romanov) in the First World War, Eastern Europe in 1918–1939 included several new states. These successor states faced competition among themselves, internal social and political conflicts, and intervention by France, Italy, Germany, and the Soviet Union. To a greater degree than in Western Europe, Eastern European elites and peasantries retained memories of national grievances, glories, and “historic rights.” The hope that the weak states of Eastern Europe could combine to constitute a great power to block Soviet and German expansion was an illusion. Aside from the rivalries among these small states, one or more of them generally preferred alignment with a great power, partly owing to the influence of national minorities. Germany had economic advantages as the principal market for Eastern Europe’s agricultural surpluses and the most potent supplier of industrial products. Italy conducted “an active policy of intervention and disruption that was the conditioning factor in Balkan and Danubian politics until she was eclipsed by Nazi Germany.” Britain and France abdicated their responsibilities, notably to Czechoslovakia, at the 1938 Munich conference. Germany and Russia became the most influential determinants of the consequences for Eastern Europe. For example, Ukraine’s brief independence after Germany’s conquests could not be sustained; and Ukraine “was then swallowed up again in the Russian Power as a member of the Soviet Union—tracing a path which was to be followed or approached within a generation by most of the other successor states of Eastern Europe.”
Conference papers on the topic "Industries (Home), Germany"
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Alam, Rubel, Gaffar Hossain, Günter Grabher, and Mokbul Hossain. "Applications of Low Pressure Plasma in High-tech Textiles." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.247-250.
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The textile and clothing industries especially in developed countries are facing now-a-days some big challenges largely because of the globalization process. Therefore, the market of a high-functional, added value and technical textiles is deemed to be essential for their sustainable growth. The growing environmental and energy-saving concerns will also lead to the gradual replacement of many traditional wet chemical-based textile processing by various forms of low liquor and dry-finishing processes. The main reason for the increasing interest is that industrially well-established surface finishing processes suffer considerably from environmental demands such as large amount of water, energy and effluents. Plasma technology, when developed at a commercially viable level, has strong potential to offer in an attractive way to obtain new functionalities in textiles. The synthetic fibres such as polypropylene (PP), polyester (PES), Aramid (AR) etc. are widely used in apparel and home furnishings due to their good physical and chemical properties. The demand of these fibres increases greatly for high performance applications such as smart textiles, technical textiles, operation clothing etc. and more recently, for their potential applications in electronic textiles. But these fibres often reveal hydrophobic nature due to the lack of polar functional groups. The hydrophobic nature of such fabrics limits their application to the above mentioned areas. In addition, adhesion is fundamentally a surface property, often governed by a layer of molecular dimensions, which necessarily required for coating, bonding and printing of synthetic textiles. The low surface energy of hydrophobic polymeric materials results in intrinsically poor adhesion. On the other hand, some natural fibres (e.g. cotton, wool, linen) and synthetic fibres (e.g. rayon, viscose, acetate, spun nylon) exhibit to be hydrophilic in nature due to their polar functionalities. Hydrophilicity of such fibres may act as a barrier for their applications in many areas where liquids repellent is necessary. It is a wide-reaching technical effect that is sought after in several industry sectors, from biosciences, healthcare and electronics to industrial filtration, sports and active wear. In addition to water repellency, other liquids such as oils, inks and alcohols repellency often required. Liquids are constantly in use around us, in the majority of cases in the form of rain water and food and beverages. Arguably, the most noticeable, unfavorable interactions of these liquids are with textile products such as clothing, carpets and upholstery, so added value can be provided by protecting these items from interacting with the liquids, enabling the liquids to roll off or be dabbed away, leaving the underlying material unchanged. Furthermore, hydrophobicity of textiles is frequently associated with self-cleaning properties. When a water droplet rolls off the surface, the surface impurities such as dust get carried away by the droplet resulting in a self-cleaning effect. Using plasma technology to modify textile surfaces with precision cleaning, etching, chemical priming for lowering or raising surface energy can be used to obtain a desirable property of an end product. The plasma technology, a dry and eco-friendly technique, avoids waste water production which is a unique advantage over the wet-chemical processes. This benefit extends into all market areas, where the end product can undergo the plasma enhancement process to provide properties such as adhesion, hydrophilic, liquid-repellent etc. However, to transfer this technology from laboratory into industry, both the scale-up and economic aspects have to be regarded. Main objective of this work is to study the possibility of substituting plasma processes for the traditional wet chemical methods using an industrial plasma reactor aiming to produce wash permanent super-hydrophilic, super hydrophobic textile surfaces.
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Smulevich, Gerard. "The Digital Bauhaus." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.63.
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This paper describes the use of electronic space in a fourth year undergraduate architectural design studio. It attempts to address the importance of developing a design process that is redefined by the use of computing, integrating concept and perception. This goal is set in the studio exercise, an international student design competition to design an addition to the school of architecture at the original Bauhaus/Weimar. The studio involved re-evaluating the Bauhaus principles of integrating the artist and the craftsman, but in contemporary or post-industrial terms. In 1989 the Wall came down. Seamless access of western telecommunications and media became greatly responsible for the crumbling of the rigid machine-age soviet technocracy; and with it, the former east German city of Weimar, home to the first Bauhaus, was once again a living part of architectural history. When the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture announced an international student competition to design a new addition to the school of architecture at the original Bauhaus/Weimar, we immediately decided that this should be an Electronic Bauhaus.
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Elfering, Achim, and Tobias Zimmermann. "Work interruptions and nearby-falls in geriatric nurses: attention failure as a mediator and job tenure as moderator." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005308.
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In industrial countries, caring for the elderly in geriatric nursing homes is rapidly growing. Caregivers face intensive demands and often suffer from high workloads and frequent work interruptions. Not only in patients but also in geriatric nurses, slips, trips, and falls (STF) are frequent. We expect work interruptions to increase attentional failure, and attentional failure to increase the risk of STF (hypothesis 1). Moreover, we expect caregiver’s job tenure to moderate the indirect effect of work interruptions via attention failure on STF. The indirect mediation path should to be stronger in caregivers with less job tenure compared to caregivers who are rather tenured (hypothesis 2). With increasing job experience task regulation in many tasks has become automatic and less resource consuming and therefore more experienced caregivers attention capacity is less likely to be overcharged by work interruptions. Purpose: The current study tests a mediation model with attentional failure as a mediator between work interruptions and STF and job tenure as a potential moderator of such mediation. The sample comprised 45 geriatric nurses. Methods: All measures were self-report. Interruptions of work were assessed by a shortened version of the Instrument for Stress- Oriented Task Analysis (Semmer et al., 1995). Attention failure at work was assessed with the subscale of attention failure from the Workplace Cognitive Failure Scale (Wallace & Chen, 2005) in the German-validated translation). STFs at work were assessed with a scale from Elfering et al. (2013). Job tenure was assessed with a single item. The moderated mediation model was based on OLS regression analyses. The mediation tests were done using the PROCESS SPSS macro tool (Hayes, 2018). Results: The test of the mediation model showed significant path coefficients for the path between task interruptions and attention failure and the path between attention failure and STF. Variance explanation in the prediction of attentional failure (33% variance explanation, p = 002) and prediction of STF (27% variance explained, p = .003) was satisfactory. Moreover, the strength of the indirect path (path a * path b) was significant for the mean of job tenure (B = 0.10, SE = .06, CI = 0.02 to 0.21), but higher with low job tenure and smaller with high job tenure. The indirect path for those participants with low job tenure was stronger (PR 16% or 1 year of job tenure: B = 0.16, SE = .09, CI = 0.04 to 0.32). For those participants with the highest job tenure (PR 84% or 5 years of job tenure), the indirect path was smaller and not significant anymore (B = 0.04, SE = .07, CI = -0.04 to 0.18). Hence, the strength of mediation did depend on job tenure, but the test of moderation failed to reach statistical significance, although the interaction of job tenure * task interruptions explained 4% of the variation in attentional failure (p = .085). In sum, the mediation model (hypothesis 1) was confirmed while the moderated mediation (hypothesis 2) was rejected but data showed a tendency that pointed in the expected direction. Conclusions: The study needs replication in a larger sample and preliminary evidence should be consolidated by use of a longitudinal and/or experimental design. The preliminary evidence suggests that interruptions should be targeted not only in the prevention of work stress and efforts to increase patient safety but also in the prevention of STF in geriatric nurses. Training should address nurses, managers, and residents on how to reduce interruptions and how to cope with task interruptions.