Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrie – Environnement'
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Baucomont, Michel. "L'industrie et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020083.
Full textBaronnet, Véronique. "Environnement économique industriel et règlementaire du médicament." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P035.
Full textKhireche-Oldache, Baya. "Les effets structurants des normes sur les entreprises : une application aux normes environnementales." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN22001.
Full textErkman, Suren. "L'écologie industrielle : une stratégie pour l'éco-restructuration du système industriel." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0004.
Full textThe new domain of industrial ecology considers the industrial system as an analogue of a biological ecosystem. Industrial ecology offers a global and integrated perspective on environmental issues, much broader that waste treatment. The basic methodology of industrial ecology is called industrial metabolism. It consists in measuring and studying the totality of resource flows (materials and energys) used by the industrial societies. Industrial ecology is also an operational approach to sustainable development, which applies to industrialised and developing countries as well. It proposes a strategy for an in-depth eco-restructuration of the industrial system as a whole along four complementary axes : 1) close resources flows (quasi-cyclic economy) ; 2) minimise dissipative losses ; 3) dematerialise economic activities ; 4) decarbonise the energy system. The thesis offers a general theoretical synthesis of the emerging field of industrial ecology, as well as a number of case studies in different sectors of the economy
Heim, Stéphane. "La coopération dans un environnement concurrentiel : une comparaison France-Japon." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1058.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the recent evolutions and roots of cooperation in the automotive sector, the discourses that support these changes and the actors’ practices of activities coordination in automotive supply chains. Since the mid-1980s, several studies converge towards an interpretation of these relationships in terms of industrial partnership, with roots to be found and inherited from Japan. However, a study of interactions at different levels of supply chains on two territories of the global automotive sector, the Great East in France and Germany and the Tokai Region in Japan, shows a remaining and strong tension between cooperation and competition. While it is undeniable that some former suppliers tended to the relational model with their clients because of the complexity of their activities, other suppliers are still struggling with choices between interdependence and autonomy. Cooperation with their clients, suppliers, and competitors appears to be a complex mechanism in which it is important to simultaneously maintain its individual position in a market of organizations and to contribute to the collective effort towards this market reproduction. This thesis puts forward the idea that, beyond the logics and choices between authority, price and trust, one may find the dynamics of participation, often forced, in this mechanism
Boullet, Daniel. "Entreprises et environnement en France de 1960 à 1990 : les chemins d'une prise de conscience /." Genève : Droz, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413853673.
Full textBascourret, Jean-Marc. "L'intégration de la protection de l'environnement dans la gestion de l'entreprise : analyses et répercussions stratégiques : étude sur le secteur des fabricants de peintures et vernis en France." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11011.
Full textIntegration of environment preservation in firm management is enrolled in a double analytical view : either by the "external" way, that is to by learning on environmental rules setting, or by the "internal" way, integrating ecological requirement in its strategic reflexion. Our research deals with strategic repercussions of these two ways for the firm. "External" integration, built on taxation-subvention mechanisms (which come from internalization of environment externalities) and on overstepping procedures of simple reglementary conformity, is managed by public authorities for a specific aim : to orient firm management toward more environmental integration. Then, we lay down this problem : may be, the firm does a specific strategic reading about environmental rules. "Internal" integration is done at the stratégic reflexion level of the firm. It lays on environmental information system and more or less planned strategic reflexion process. The aim of these tools is to allow the development of ecologic behavior in firm. To this point, we found necessary to ask what is reality, and how firm reacts towards available tools. To answer these question, an empirical ananlysis was realiezd : a study on 65 french paint and varnish manufacturers and three post-test lead to two conclusions. First, in a "external"integration way, firms do have an indirect strategic reading of environmental rules. Second, in an "internal" integration way, strategic reflexion does not lean on planned systems, but however, they are not rejected. Firms retain reactive and preactive behaviors, wich are strategic orientations they want to find in reflexion processes
MULLER, CHRISTINE. "La gestion des dechets dans l'industrie pharmaceutique de la cee : application a lilly france." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15004.
Full textRoudie, Marie. "Les déchets industriels : cas d'une entreprise pharmaceutique : aspects règlementaires et techniques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P057.
Full textKLOPFENSTEIN, CLAIRE. "Conception et controle des zones a environnement controle dans l'industrie pharmaceutique." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15109.
Full textRousseaux, Sandrine. "Changement climatique et droit communautaire. Regulation juridique des emission s de gaz a effet de serre par des mesures internes." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT4003.
Full textBlavier, Yves. "La société linière et son environnement industriel (1845-1891) : une entreprise de Landerneau." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES0001.
Full textBernard, Sébastien Paul Léon. "Spécification d'un environnement d'ingénierie collaborative multisite : application à l'industrie aéronautique européenne." Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0029.
Full textThe research findings of this thesis lie within the scope of the implementation of Concurrent Engineering within the sector of the European Aeronautical Industry. These are the main theme of the European research project ENHANCE. First we establish that the Multisite Collaborative Engineering issue is the main aspect of the Concurrent Engineering concept. The COSITE objective was to implement the best adapted tools and associated methods to the aeronautical industry needs. Based on the study of best practices on collaboration situations, encountered by ENHANCE project partners, and based on a functional classification, we worked out a Multisite Collaborative Engineering environment specification approach. Because of the multiplicity of collaborative situations, there are no tools, available on the market, that cover all the required needs. That is why we developed a decision making tool which help the user determining the best environment which covers his proper needs. The development of this tool is based on an exhaustive evaluation criteria list that corresponds to the collaboration needs. Thus, thanks to this tool, it is possible to determine, whatever the collaborative case situation, the most adapted environment. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the specification approach and of the decision making tool, we applied them on two different collaborative cases: unplanned meeting and planned meeting. The implementation of a remote review meeting room at Eurocopter was done. A feedback analysis, coming from users’ experience, has permitted us to validate the approach proposed in this thesis
Puel, Christophe. "Vie d'un site industriel et protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10034.
Full textThe life of an industrial site is subject to basic environmental legislation (the Act of 19th july 1976). This law governs classified facilities but is not intented to cover all legal aspects. It is hardly surprising, therefore, to find that a certain nomber of legal and regulatory provisions comply to varying degrees with regulations applying to classified facilities (pollution, damage, refurbishment. . . )
Glandières, Anne. "Qualité et environnement : innovation de produit et dynamique organisationnelle dans l'alimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/698/.
Full textGrowing environmental preoccupations and a rapid evolution in food consumption tendancies have led us to analyse the strict interdependance between farming and food production with regards to the natural environment. Environmentaly friendly food products are the result of modifications in production practices, that we consider to be a technological change within the farm, and thus add a social fonction to the food function, making these products highly specific. The major stake in developing these products will be to suceed in showing their economic and commercial value. From varius examples of organic or integrated products, we have made an attempt to list the quality conditions requiered for these products. These conditions are established through coordination between agents and quality agreements based on trust. But new technological changes in environmentally friendly farming practices are going to make production structures evolve because they necessitate individual and collective learning. This evolution can lead to new forms of business organizations in order to maintain the specificity of theses products to the end consumer. Observing varius examples allow us to suggest some ways to develop these products
Grout, Olivier. "Conception d'un système de management de l'environnement basé sur les normes ISO 14000 au sein de l'industrie pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P004.
Full textWailly, Jeanne-Marie. "Risques industriels, travail et environnement : contribution du droit de l'environnement à la protection de la santé au travail et ses conséquences sur l'entreprise polluante." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0211.
Full textThis thesis objective is to review the situation, concerning the state of health at work at the beginning of the twenty-first century in France. The matter of the study is more particularly about the health of workers in companies but also about people who live near industrial plants. . . The emphasis is put on the methodology followed, which combines the contribution of law (work, social,. . . ), economy, history and sociology. . . This thesis demonstrates through time and space, the confrontation between health at work and environment. It also shows how the law and other elements have allowed a parallel and then a collaboration. Owever the gap is Hobvious at the end of the 19th Century (with the Industrial Revolution), and the environment law which appears approximatively a century later (in 1970, with the economical crisis). This thesis is illustrated from an empirical point of view by a study realised inside Dunkerque area, whose aim was identify the consequences of air pollution on individuals. The research was led so as to retranscribe as well as possible the feeling or the disorders experienced by the people pollued, and then to translate them, during the analysis on effects on health, and also on social economic effects
Larkeche, Seddik. "Le positionnement stratégique d'une firme multinationale dans un environnement turbulent : l'exemple de l'entreprise Pfizer en Algérie." Lyon 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO33033.
Full textBoullet, Daniel. "Entreprises et environnement en France de 1960 à 1990 : les chemins d'une prise de conscience." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100066.
Full textTeulère-Maynat, Laurence. "Le coût externe lié à la production et à la consommation d'électricité." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40033.
Full textBuridant, Jérôme. "Les espaces forestiers laonnois : début XVIIe-début XIXe siècle : hommes, environnement et paysages à l'époque pré-industrielle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040173.
Full textElgue, Sébastien. "Optimisation de synthèses pharmaceutiques globales intégrant les aspects environnementaux et de sécurité." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT017G.
Full textFortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Full textRabodon, Ghislain. "Développement de nouveaux agents de tannage durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR32.
Full textThe manufacturing process used to obtain leather from skin is called tanning. It acts by chemical stabilization of collagen, which transforms the skin into a stable and durable material. Currently, more than 90% of the production of leather worldwide is carried out with chromium sulfate. Therefore, tanning effluents produce significant quantities of this metal salt, which must be treated by expensive processes. The purpose of this project is to offer a sustainable alternative to chromium for tanning. To this end, organic compounds have been synthesized and their ability to stabilize collagen has been evaluated by different methods. Small-scale tests were carried out on collagen and its stabilization by these organic compounds was evaluated by DSC. The organic compounds selected after these tests were then tested on hides
Deler, Jean-Yves. "Les relations entre secteurs public et privé dans un environnement ultra-libéral : les politiques industrielles chiliennes des années quatre-vingt dix." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20051.
Full textAfter 17 years of military dictatorship and of neoliberal reforms that have upset its political, economic and social organization, Chile is now enjoying a strong growth, exceptional in South America. Nevertheless the democrats who have been governing since 1990 would like to alter this unfair growth, a poor breeder of added value that is furthermore too dependent on the ups and downs of the world market. Because the national private actors have short-term views, this alteration of the model requires the state to intervene again in the economic field since it is the only actor that is capable of any long term planning. So the 1990's have witnessed a renewal of public policies in Chile. Yet because of the legitimacy of the liberal model, this state intervention cannot be carried out without any help from the private actor and without its direct contribution to the developing process of the country. The study of the industrial policies implemented by the Chilean leaders shows how the cooperation between industrialist and civil servants appears. Within a few months, a division of the labour of productive modernization has indeed taken place, leading to the creation of a genuine market of state subsidies. The state develops and finances ambitious projects, run by private organisms. Most of these tools and subsidies favour the autonomy of the employers and make it necessary for them to work in networks. This renewal of state interventionism has not borne the expected fruit yet. The different programs will have proven that the private and the public sectors can work together efficiently and that the employers can possibly accept the rules of associativity. Yet the implements are extremely selective and both the human and financial means seem really insignificant considering the importance of the task to be done so as to modernize the country fully
Peyrache-Gadeau, Véronique. "Dynamiques différenciées des économies territoriales : apports des analyses en termes de districts industriels et de milieux innovateurs." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21027.
Full textTerritorial economy is a recent subject distinct from spatial analysis, it studies socio-economics conditions of the loc al development. Two notions : the "systemes productifs localises" and the "milieux innovateurs" constitute the theoritic al references. They describe a plurality of local economies and of dynamics that determines their evolution along trajectories. This trajectories are a mix of history and innovation
Slaouti, Abdenour. "Élargissement de la dimension géographique d'un secteur et approche des alternatives stratégiques dans un environnement global : le cas des industries de l'électroménager en Europe." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10019.
Full textLevet, Anne-Laure. "Impact économique des politiques environnementales : les effets sur les coûts et la compétitivité des entreprises aéronautiques." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020008.
Full textRouquet, Charlotte. "Zone d'atmosphère contrôlée : aspect règlementaire et validation." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P044.
Full textLuu, Duc-Nam. "Proposition et formalisation d’un modèle méthodologique pour la mise en place d’une stratégie d’éco-conception ainsi que des outils de déploiement pour son implémentation. Application au domaine de la pharmaceutique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE033.
Full textEnvironmental issues take a major place in our modern societies. Human activity contributes to the degradation of the environment and manufacturers have the duty to limit the impact of the solutions they offer and put on the market. Eco-design is one of the approaches of Design for Sustainability which makes it possible to integrate environmental aspects, during the development phases. The penetration of its practices within industrials requires vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal integration concerns the strategic, tactical and operational aspects while horizontal integration focuses on the aspects of cultural change and human factors. This doctoral thesis focuses on the integration of eco-design within a multinational pharmaceutical company. The objective of the project was to formalize the concepts for its integration in the pharmaceutical industry in order to support the transition of internal eco-design practices in this sector. The variety and complexity of eco-design aspects, as well as both the technical and organizational challenges of the pharmaceutical industry must be taken into account in order to provide a coherent transition approach. The experiments for this work were carried out with a partner, an international pharmaceutical industry, in collaboration with the Arts et Métiers, Paris campus. The work carried out has made it possible to lay the foundations of an eco-design integration model within the pharmaceutical industry, with associated support tools
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Full textNatowicz, Irène. "Le risque technologique majeur et l'économie de l'assurance : une application à l'industrie chimique." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21015.
Full textChemical industry experienced technological risk evolution and insurance responded to this changes. But, this responses are nowadays inadequate because of the specificity of uncertainty and complexite. The approach that consist to lead insurers to take charge chemical risks and environmental damages, via objective responsability, has something in common with the internalization of exterla effects principle : it is analysed in the coase theorem perspective. This evolution is considered as a venture, both from social point of view than from economic point of view. Thesis demonstrates that liberal theory or state theory can't be used to analyze insurance activity. The insurance economy is then studied in the perspective of services economy because it accepte fundamental uncertainty. The environmental insurance l'ability case and chemical risks alow to draw alternative and more complexe forms to take charge risks. Thesis chalenge the insurer's ability alone, to take charge the compensation of environmental damages and chemical risks
Baudrimont, Isabelle. "Biocontamination de l'environnement dans des ateliers de fabrication." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P055.
Full textGarnit, Sadok. "Etude d'un système de génération d'électricité comportant une pile à combustion PEM et un générateur d'hydrogène pour la voiture électrique." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1118.
Full textPirard, Romain. "Les paradoxes apparents de l'expansion papetière en Indonésie : une exploration des liens finance-gouvernance-environnement pour l'analyse d'un secteur en terme de durabilité." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0027.
Full textThe rapid expansion of the Pulp & Paper industry in Indonesia has generated large overcapacities because fiber supplies were based mainly on the conversion of tropical forests. Using financial theory about financial expropriation and debt entrenchment in East Asia, we show that the ultimate owners of the groups have been able to capture most of the rents owing to a divergence between their control rights and their ownership rights. Their profits were done in the short term, but their costs were postponed owing to a capital structure based on debts. Politics and public gouvernance have also played an important role in favor of the interests of the ultimate owners, and all the apperances seem to suggest that the expansion followed a model of political economy. Recent efforts to develop large-scale fast-growing plantations have poor impacts on the sustainable developement of the rural areas, because of environmental irreversibilities and a loss of flexibility for the rural poor. However, economic irreversibilities lower the probability that the current trend be voluntarily modified
Furic, Marie. "Utilisation des nouvelles propriétés des solutions détergentes régénérées dans le nettoyage en place d'équipements sensibles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2016. http://www.univ-ubs.fr/fr/l-universite-en-pratique/bibliotheque/publications-en-ligne-de-l-ubs.html.
Full textThe regeneration of Cleaning In Place (CIP) solutions is interesting, both economically and environmentally, especially in dairy industry. The CIP’s key step lies on the alkaline washing which ensures the removal of organic contaminants deposited on the equipment. This washing is generally done by soda lyes, less expensive than potash ones. Our work aimed to apply a physicochemical regeneration process, based on adsorption-coagulation-flocculation phenomena, on potash lyes to make their integration in the dairy CIP affordable. The regeneration of potash solutions soiled with milk was examined and compared with the soda solutions regeneration. The process effectiveness to purify potash solutions in terms of COD and TN reduction has been shown. The solutions analysis has also highlighted the improvement of their interfacial properties (surface tension, contact angle). These properties, whose origin was attributed to the accumulation of biosurfactants, confer to potash regenerated solutions a best cleaning power. This point was validated during cleaning assays of organic ultrafiltration membranes fouled by milk proteins. The optimization of solutions formulation has also enabled obtaining a cleaning performance as efficient as those of a commercial detergent largely used for this type of application. Finally, economic and environmental impacts of the potash lyes integration in substitution to soda ones were evaluated for dairy industrial CIP through a techno-economic analysis and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Thomas, Bernadette. "Le contrôle territorial, une nécessite? : la VPC dans le nord-est de la métropole lilloise." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21023.
Full textThe north-est area of lille metropolis is a pre-eminent place for mail order firms. Through a pluri-disciplinary approach with economic, spatial, social, historic, institutionnal dimensions, the thesis tends to explain why and wherefore this service activity is embedded in this area. The problematic lays on two hypothesis: the presence of a localized productive system and the transformation of a local regulatory process. Through the analysis, territory has appeared as a coordinating and learning place but also as a regulation place, a power space and an historical product. A large introducing part, including a very detailled spatial analysis of the branch, clarifies the inductive approach selected by the author. Then, the thesis is developped in two parts. One part concerns the coordinating modes and is supported by the empirical study of the trois suisses firm. The argument is that industrial coordination is a social construction, because of the competition forms, but also because territory is in close terms with social reproduction processes. An other part questions the role of the milieu and the institutionnalization in the rupture/recombining process of industrial organization. The familial group mulliez and the metropolitan employers' association are taken as examples of territorial control. Thus, this one cannot be reduced to a simple search of efficiency but it is in keeping with family history of textile employers. Methodology summons up tools from various theories (evolutionism, industrial district, milieu, conventions, regulation). It consists in permanent backward and foreward motion between theory and actors practices
Sourisseau, Sylvain. "Recyclage vs extraction minière : concurrence, externalités environnementales et politiques publiques sur les marchés du fer et de l'acier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE016.
Full textIn addition to a solution for managing end-of-life products, recycling is also an alternative to the production of virgin raw materials. In this thesis, we are therefore wondering about this new form of competition that could potentially include recyclers, on a commodity market traditionally dominated by a mining oligopoly. To what extent can recyclers compete with mining firms and what are the effects on oligopoly? As a second line of research, we consider the differential of environmental externalities that exists between the two types of supply. We therefore include in our model a recycling subsidy and a tax on mining pollution, in response to the two market distortions: the non-competitive structure of mining extraction and the externalities that are associated with this activity. To give an empirical dimension to this thesis, we use the iron and steel industry. Prior to the analysis of the competition with recyclers, we carry out in Chapter 1, an analysis of the evolution of the markets of iron and steel following the demand shock since the year 2000. The concentration of the demand from Chinese steelmakers as well as the strategy put in place by the authorities from 2010, led to a new market structure of the world iron ore market: a thwarted monopsony.By focusing on the upstream value chain, Chapter 2 sets the theoretical framework for competition between mining firms and recyclers. Through a Cournot-Stackelberg model, we show that the market share of the mining sector increases with the degree of competition in this sector. Recyclers cannot significantly increase their market share if an efficient recycling technology is not associated with a high availability of waste. This dual condition is also necessary to ensure the reduction of the mining rent. In addition, we highlight the requirement of a minimum level of recycling technology for recyclers to enter the market.Taking into account the differential of environmental externalities in Chapter 3 strengthens the need for increasing the supply of secondary materials, with regard to its positive effect on social wellfare. For this purpose, the introduction of an environmental tax on mining extraction is less relevant than a subsidy for recycling. The tax reinforces the capacity constraint for recyclers, relies on a necessary assessment of mining pollution that is difficult to achieve for certain raw materials, and there are limits on its implementation which also seem to arise. On the other hand, the introduction of a recycling subsidy would have a significant impact on recyclers' market share and the necessary reduction of extraction-related damages. As we show, the difference in effects between the two policies is even stronger when the initial level of recycling is low.Finally, by focusing on a public policy based on the demand for materials rather than on supply, Chapter 4 highlights the weak incentive of the EU-ETS to reduce CO2 emissions from steelmakers, and therefore a potential increase of the secondary input instead of the virgin one. We also show how this climate policy interferes with the EU competition policy because it mainly benefits market leaders, to the detriment of the principle of free and undistorted competition prevailing in the EU market. More surprisingly, our results indicate that the market leader is the least efficient firm in the consumption of raw materials, considering the quantity of steel produced and the CO2 emissions generated. Conversely, the firm that seems to be the most efficient would also have been least favoured when free allowances were allocated from 2007 onwards
Bleuze, Laurent. "Rouissage au sol du chanvre industriel (Cannabis sativa L.) : dynamique sous environnement contrôlé et modélisation Tracking the dynamics of hemp dew retting under controlled environmental conditions." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS022.
Full textDew retting is a process that, through selective microbial degradation of the outer tissues of the stems, leads to partial dissociation of extraxylemic cellulosic fibres, facilitating their subsequent mechanical extraction. It is under the control of biotic and abiotic factors whose effects are still poorly understood. The objective of the doctoral work was to quantify and model the influence of these factors on retting for industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).The development of an innovative experimental system has made it possible to carry out retting on soil in a controlled environment (humidity, temperature and lightning). The retting dynamics was characterized by measurements of the physicochemical parameters of the mulch (color, mass, chemical composition, stem tissue architecture) and biological parameters (enzymatic activities). The harvesting time of hemp (at the flowering stage or at the seed maturity stage) modified the chemical characteristics of the stems and their retting dynamics by reducing by about 14 days (at 15°C) the retting duration for the stems harvested at flowering. The dynamic of microbial colonization has been highlighted at the stem level, but also vertically within the mulch. The results allowed the development of a numerical retting model simulating the biological degradation of external tissues (BioRETTING) and the evolution of mulch properties during retting (MulchRETTING). Colorimetric and infrared spectroscopy (ATR) analyses are promising for the development of dew retting monitoring indicators
Herbelin, Alice. "Ecologie territoriale et trajectoires de transitions : le cas du Rhône-Médian." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH026.
Full textTerritorial ecology is a research field which proposes to analyse the functioning of a territory under the perspective of the flows of matter and energy which passes by and characterize it. This analysis is particularly led through the concept of territorial metabolism. Through this lens, flows are considered in their material dimension but also under the light of the actor systems and of the political and socio-economic issues which influence them. Thus, territorial ecology tends to underline socio-ecological transition levers on the scale of territories.This thesis proposes to test these concepts through a field study in the mid Rhône valley. Looking back to the end of the 18th century, the research firstly underlines how a socio-ecological regime is progressively set around the industry sector and the heavy infrastructures at the scale of the territory. Then, the thesis describes how this regime gets materialized into today’s metabolism through the analysis of four different kinds of flows (energy, water, toxic elements, food). This metabolism is described as intensive and toxic – according to the level of intensity and toxicity of the flows at stake – as well as absorbing – in the way it deals with other territories’ metabolic functions (waste management, food production). These properties of the Rhône-Médian’s metabolism implicate limited capacity for local actors (inhabitants, public actors, farmers) to act towards the reduction or the transformation of these flows. However, within a context of change in production systems and of residentialisation, several local initiatives emerge. Through this process, local actors gain a better understanding and better capabilities to act on the flows of energy and matter in order to engage with sustainable territorial development. These local initiatives lead to several forms of reassessment of existing power relationships but the industrial socio-ecological regime remains, partly because some lock-ins which structure and self-sustain this regime are not questioned
Corolleur, Frédéric. "Innovation, institution et évolution des territoires." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21006.
Full textThe thesis is about the evolution of SME's agglomeration. We focus on the innovation process of the firm. The theoretical tools are : the works of A. Marshall on evolution and industrial district, G. B. Richardson on co-operation and B. J. Loasby on economics knowledge. Our analysis is also based on the new spatial approaches of territory and proximity. We demonstrate that different combinations of organisational and institutional proximity imply first the differentiation of innovation process and secondly the ability of local actors to manage collectively the present and future issues. In this perspective, we have compared the evolution of an industrial district, the vallee de l'Arve in France, and a cluster of SME, the jura bernois in Switzerland
ʿAbd, al-Ḥamīd Mahā. "Les transformations socio-spatiales des oasis de Gabès (Tunisie) : déclin des activités agricoles, urbanisation informelle et dégradation de l'environnement à Zrig, des années 1970 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100134.
Full textThis dissertation relates to an oasis area (a still productive agricultural land) which is being informally urbanized: in the Zrig oasis, south-east of Gabes, the habitat has proliferated without building permit since 1980.In this new urban space, a double social marginalization affects farmers who lost their land as well as newcomers with often precarious resources. The environment and the local agricultural heritage are also impacted.Zrig is a detail (in apictorial sense) of the future of the Gabes oasis. A research work on the space of Zrig and its transformations resembles the chronicle of an announced degradation. Indeed, the degradation can be identified at two levels: the transformation of an oasis area into a deformed urban space, and the development of informal socio-economic practices related to the strategies of space occupants and to their relations with local authorities. In addition to the data provided by official and academic surveys, this work is based on the results of a long-term survey that I conducted from 2010 to 2016 Zrig, those of yesterday and those of today, in order to collect their representations of the spatial and social transformations that affected the oasis. But also to study the building practices of informal settlement sand the strategies of newcomers for this purpose
Grousseau, Johnny Johan. "De la libre commercialisation des eaux-de-vie face à l'essor du droit national et communautaire de l'environnement." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05D005.
Full textIn france and in the ec, the rise of regulations more and more demanding for environment, have a direct effect on the trade of distilled spirits, because of the importance taken by packging in this industry. In front of such a challenge, we will study the reaction of the profession, and in particular its choices in setting up an organisation meant to deal with its packaging waste. At the same time, while expecting a solid european consensus on the matter of packaging waste, several member states have alrendy adopted their awn regulations, some of which question the very use of packaging compoments, traditionnal for the packaging of distilled spirits. Although several measures are trully justified by environnment purposes, others hide in fact a certain form of protectionism. Therefore it becomes necessary to find the border-line between such essential requirements, as protection of the environment on one hand and free trade on the other. "normalisation" of the technical specification and the development of a management system of the legal constraints are possible means to which we will give some consideration, provided however the access to information on environment is effective. Then, the evolution of the principles of liability of the legal entities, the introduction of the principal "who pollutes pays" and the rise of objective liability are so many other reasons to entice the operators to manage their obligations towards environment
Ben, Chibani Mohsen. "La dynamique des pôles de croissance : l'exemple du complexe industriel Siape 2 SkhiraTunisie." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21005.
Full textThis thesis deals with the analysis of a new industiealization experience: the setting up of the siape ii industrial pole in the skhira area in tunisia. The siape ii's main product is concentrated and superconcentrated phosporic acid. Entirely intended for export. The theoretical debate raised at the beginning of this study on problems of takeoff (w. W. Rostow), growth poles (f. Perroux) and industrializing industries (d. G. De bernis) has enabled the identification of theoretical instruments of analysis to ascertain the theoretical hypotheses of the authors in the case under study: the rural area of skhira which has no previous industrialization experience. Through this analysis, it was also possible to show the effects created by siape ii during the building and operating stages have been mainly felt abroad or outside the skhira area. These effects from the industrial pole are not isolated; they have been associated with slowing down blocking effects. This confirms pettoux's idea that the motor units have driving or stoppage effects on their environment. We therefore raise the following questionm: how could we rearrange and reorganize such effects and what role coult the socioeconomic actors play so that such actions lead to an integration of this siape ii pole in the skhire area?
Guimeneuf, Emmanuelle. "Innovation technologique et réglementation environnementale : le cas de l'industrie automobile." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090036.
Full textIn the greening of business perceptive, we have investigated the way a competitive advantage would stem from the technological innovation-environmental regulation relationship. First, environmental regulation is considered as a spur to technological innovation. Regulation may, thus, induce a change in the technological trajectory of the firm, leading to a bunch of innovations. Actually, the European vehicle emission standards did compel the adoption of the electronic injection device and the catalytic converter. This theoretical stance does not provide a relevant analytical framework to describe the lobbying behavior of carmakers, though. Consequently, environmental regulation should be perceived as a selection criterion of technological innovation. In this perspective, the evolutionist model is enriched by the dynamic capacity’s analysis, which provides a convenient microeconomic foundation through a strategic behavior. The existence of integrative and traductive dynamic capacities of environmental regulation is, then, stated. These competencies allow the firm to cope with regulation variations and provide the basis of a competitive advantage
Bouthillon, Marine. "Dispositif de discrimination entre des micro-organismes et leur environnement pour une détection précoce." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD005.
Full textAn acquisition system and its algorithm are designed. Their purpose is contaminants detection as quality control in pharmaceutical industry. Contaminants are colonies of micro-organisms growing on micro-porous membrane. We use 3D surface measurement, which has never been done in a microbiological context. In addition, our contribution is to use an LED based lighting instead of a laser. It leads to an important noise reduction. It allows to decrease micro-organisms incubation period from 14 days in current method to 5 days or less. The height map from the system are processed with an outlier detection method combined to a support vector machine. Colonies show varying and various signals, and artifacts are present in the data. Nevertheless, we have been able to detect with success the presence or absence of contaminants with a rate of 98%
Djembi-Koumba, Siméon. "Gestion de l'environnement, des risques et problèmes d'aménagement urbains de Port-Gentil au Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30097.
Full textPort Gentil is an industrial and harbour town relatively young. After having been the principal way of penetration of the interior of the country during the fifteenth century, Mandji remained a long time the stronghold of wood before becoming the economic capital of Gabon thanks to and especially oil which covers more 70% of the receipt of Gabon. This industrialization involved flows of populations to meet the industrial requirements in labour. Thus, Port-Gentil ast since the years 1950, the second most populated city country, in spire of the natural conditions unfavorable to the installation of the men. The city thus developed of its site initial towards the marshy west and whose altitude of the grounds is very in lower part of the sea level. Blow, the populations are victims of the floods. In addition, the installation of industries along bay of the Cape-Lopez and especially the infrastructures oil (pipelines and gas pipelines) became spaces at the risks. Because, the current urban development largely crossed these limits. Beyond the fact that Port-Gentil always does not receive on behalf of the State the rebate which it deserves, the city is today confronted with the problems of floods, anarchistic urbanization, an insufficiency maintenance of the network cleansing, of pollution industrial, and especially of a coastal erosion. All these risks are responsible for morphodynamic urban, harm pubic health and obstruct extension continues urban fabric. The stablishment of the men and the management of environment of Port-Gentil thus imply the control of these instabilities. That implies an application of the plan; installation and cleansing, the protection of the emissary of urban drainage and, the rigorous management of waste
François, Jessica. "Modélisation et évaluation environnementale des filières de cogénération par combustion et gazéification du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0071.
Full textBiomass is one of the most promising renewable energy source in Europe. Its use as a substitute to fossil energy is expected to mitigate climate change. However, potential drawbacks are also feared with large scale development. In order to assess the environmental impacts of the biomass-to-energy chain, we firstly developed a model of the bioenergy system, from the forest to the energy production. We focused on two biomass power plants for combined heat and power (CHP) production: one is based on the conventional direct combustion process while the other is based on the more advanced gasification process. Gasification offers higher electrical efficiency, but its development is still facing technical difficulties. In case of the gasification process, we defined the best operating conditions regarding energetic and exergetic efficiencies, as well as the syngas quality requirements. Secondly, we calculated the carbon and mineral flows taken from the forest through energy wood harvesting, along with the forested area required to feed the CHP plant. The other resources and emissions related to the plant operation were also predicted. We observed that more extensive forestry practices led to an increase in the mineral exports. Finally, we evaluated the environmental performance of the two biomass CHP plants using life cycle assessment (LCA). Within French energy context, we found that both CHP technologies had very similar impacts with a slight advantage toward the combustion process. It appears of particular benefit to replace current fossil energy systems with biomass CHP plants to reduce climate change
Doulcier, Joseph. "Implantation optimale d'un robot en fonction d'une tâche à réaliser en environnement contraint. Analyse, synthèse et développement d'un module d'aide à l'implantation des robots." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523120.
Full textKupper, Rosa-Salomé. "Le sort de la créance environnementale dans les procédures collectives." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCB004/document.
Full textAt the same time, in the face of trying to survive in a difficult economic context, companies must now count on increasingly heavy environmental constraints. Indeed, as a common heritage, the protection of the environment is now of general interest. The complexity of the fate of environmental claims in collective proceedings is mainly due to the difficulty of reconciling and prioritizing public economic and ecological orders. Where the former seeks to safeguard the enterprises and the jobs attached to them, the second concerns only the long-term preservation of the common heritage. This study therefore proposes to study the way in which these two disciplines interact and whether a conciliation of these two public orders can be envisaged or whether, on the contrary, solutions should be put in place that transcend these two disciplines