Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrie – Environnement – Recherche'
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Boutin, Nathalie. "Management territorial et conflits environnementaux industriels : à la recherche de la biodiversité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0596.
Full textThe issue of biodiversity has been at the forefront of environmental concerns in the same way as climate change, and has been the subject of a voluminous literature and numerous alarmist reports worldwide. Depending on whether one looks at the question from the point of view of the life sciences or the social sciences one has complementary but also contradictory views. The issue of biodiversity, particularly in the Mediterranean, is considered from the angle of its territorial management, which focuses on the comparative study of several localized cases in areas marked by intense interactions between men and the environment, where the consideration for this issue is questioned in a conflictual decision-making context. This thesis deals with territorial management and the approach to biodiversity that emerges from practices related to the state of biodiversity, the phenomena that threaten it. This knowledge is confronted with managerial practices when they are constrained by conflicting events revealing the values of multiple stakeholders. We deduce three models of « Man-Nature » relationships and the regulatory implications that arise from them, and we highlight the paradoxes of public policies oriented towards biodiversity. We then show the determinative nature of these explicit and implicit models, mobilized by decision makers at the individual and institutional levels. This brings to light the weakness of the institutionalization of the issue of biodiversity, stammering. This leads us to provide recommendations for the integration of this issue into managerial practices, both public and private
Luu, Duc-Nam. "Proposition et formalisation d’un modèle méthodologique pour la mise en place d’une stratégie d’éco-conception ainsi que des outils de déploiement pour son implémentation. Application au domaine de la pharmaceutique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE033.
Full textEnvironmental issues take a major place in our modern societies. Human activity contributes to the degradation of the environment and manufacturers have the duty to limit the impact of the solutions they offer and put on the market. Eco-design is one of the approaches of Design for Sustainability which makes it possible to integrate environmental aspects, during the development phases. The penetration of its practices within industrials requires vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal integration concerns the strategic, tactical and operational aspects while horizontal integration focuses on the aspects of cultural change and human factors. This doctoral thesis focuses on the integration of eco-design within a multinational pharmaceutical company. The objective of the project was to formalize the concepts for its integration in the pharmaceutical industry in order to support the transition of internal eco-design practices in this sector. The variety and complexity of eco-design aspects, as well as both the technical and organizational challenges of the pharmaceutical industry must be taken into account in order to provide a coherent transition approach. The experiments for this work were carried out with a partner, an international pharmaceutical industry, in collaboration with the Arts et Métiers, Paris campus. The work carried out has made it possible to lay the foundations of an eco-design integration model within the pharmaceutical industry, with associated support tools
Bleuze, Laurent. "Rouissage au sol du chanvre industriel (Cannabis sativa L.) : dynamique sous environnement contrôlé et modélisation Tracking the dynamics of hemp dew retting under controlled environmental conditions." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS022.
Full textDew retting is a process that, through selective microbial degradation of the outer tissues of the stems, leads to partial dissociation of extraxylemic cellulosic fibres, facilitating their subsequent mechanical extraction. It is under the control of biotic and abiotic factors whose effects are still poorly understood. The objective of the doctoral work was to quantify and model the influence of these factors on retting for industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).The development of an innovative experimental system has made it possible to carry out retting on soil in a controlled environment (humidity, temperature and lightning). The retting dynamics was characterized by measurements of the physicochemical parameters of the mulch (color, mass, chemical composition, stem tissue architecture) and biological parameters (enzymatic activities). The harvesting time of hemp (at the flowering stage or at the seed maturity stage) modified the chemical characteristics of the stems and their retting dynamics by reducing by about 14 days (at 15°C) the retting duration for the stems harvested at flowering. The dynamic of microbial colonization has been highlighted at the stem level, but also vertically within the mulch. The results allowed the development of a numerical retting model simulating the biological degradation of external tissues (BioRETTING) and the evolution of mulch properties during retting (MulchRETTING). Colorimetric and infrared spectroscopy (ATR) analyses are promising for the development of dew retting monitoring indicators
Boutin, Nathalie. "Management territorial et conflits environnementaux industriels : à la recherche de la biodiversité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0596.
Full textThe issue of biodiversity has been at the forefront of environmental concerns in the same way as climate change, and has been the subject of a voluminous literature and numerous alarmist reports worldwide. Depending on whether one looks at the question from the point of view of the life sciences or the social sciences one has complementary but also contradictory views. The issue of biodiversity, particularly in the Mediterranean, is considered from the angle of its territorial management, which focuses on the comparative study of several localized cases in areas marked by intense interactions between men and the environment, where the consideration for this issue is questioned in a conflictual decision-making context. This thesis deals with territorial management and the approach to biodiversity that emerges from practices related to the state of biodiversity, the phenomena that threaten it. This knowledge is confronted with managerial practices when they are constrained by conflicting events revealing the values of multiple stakeholders. We deduce three models of « Man-Nature » relationships and the regulatory implications that arise from them, and we highlight the paradoxes of public policies oriented towards biodiversity. We then show the determinative nature of these explicit and implicit models, mobilized by decision makers at the individual and institutional levels. This brings to light the weakness of the institutionalization of the issue of biodiversity, stammering. This leads us to provide recommendations for the integration of this issue into managerial practices, both public and private
Nafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332.
Full textTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
Breilly, Damien. "Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Full textThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Egido, Jose Antonio. "Bilbao et son environnement : de l'industrialisation à la recherche d'un développement post-industriel." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10106.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Long. "Le Pneusol : recherches – réalisations - perspectives." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0118.
Full textThe pneusol-tresoil is formed by the association of two elements : the used tyre and soil. The word « tyre » means here all parts of old tyre (two site walls and a tread) or an entire used tyre together in chains or in tiers and capable of withstanding large tensile forces. The word « soil » covers both the whole range of natural ground, with mechanical properties as varied as thase of powdery and cohesive materials, and a variety of wastes. Today more than 250 structures have been built in France, 12 in Algeria, 6 in the United States of America. . Covering a wide range of civil engineering applications mainly in order to reinforced earth sturctures, to protect slopes. . At lower costs than conventional technologies. These thesis is concerned with all the possibilities of this material, its technology, its behaviour, its different design methods and its building
Ghrissi, Meftah. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de commande de robots industriels dans un environnement de programmation LM." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20035.
Full textRainaud, Anne. "Le droit des risques industriels : à la recherche d'une branche du droit." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0028.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is abut the happening of a law of industrial risks. In front of the intensity of these risks, for the man and the environment, a question has been asked : isn't there a law that regulate the risks of industrial activities, and stop the phenomenon of patchwork law> there was a synthesis todo, a dynamic one. Trough a studie of different types of regulations used in public and private law, an investigation about the environmental law has been do. But, mainly, we search after a law of industrial risks as an independant branche
Wernert, Guillain. "Recherches sur l'office de juge-administrateur de l'environnement industriel." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASH009.
Full textThe particularity of litigation concerning individual policing measures in the industrial environment is that the administrative judge has an office of judge-administrator. We group together under the name of "industrial environment police" several special administrative policing, created on the model of classified installations for the protection of the environment, and operating according to the same logic. In addition to the policing of classified installations, the policing of the industrial environment brings together the policing of installations, structures, works and activities (Iota) subject to the water law, the policing of basic nuclear installations, the policing of environmental authorization and, with reservations, the policing of transport pipelines and that of infrastructure works for the transport of hazardous materials. Thanks to the office of judge-administrator, the judge can use all the jurisdictional powers, and in particular the larger ones, in litigation concerning industrial environment policing measures. Thus, where applicable, after having deemed the contested policing measure to be irregular, the judge may, when he considers it necessary to settle the dispute submitted to him, go so far as to transform himself into a judge-administrator. He then substitutes for the assessment of the administrative authority his own assessment and does the work of active administration, that is to say he takes a decision that will directly restore the legality flouted by the contested policing measure. This research intends to deepen this office of judge-administrator of the industrial environment, which the doctrine has always presented as being a particularity within administrative litigation. It will reflect on the place of this office within administrative litigation, in particular to find out whether it is still possible to consider that it is a special office of the administrative judge. It will also seek to know whether it is still justified for the judge to have such an office in this matter
Hamdan, Hassan. "Les justifications économiques de la comptabilité environnementale et sociale et de la recherche de transparence : une application aux pays arabes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32028.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the economical impacts and reasons for social and environmental practices; shows and proves that there is a positive correlation between the economical, social and environmental performances; search for the real reasons and motivations for these practices; points out the main variables and economic factors that encourage social and environmental behaviors; empirically links financial with social and environmental practices and disclosure performance; and finally evaluates the economical perspectives for organization in disclosing social and environmental practices. In addition, this thesis suggests using both questionnaire and content analysis to explore what is happening, in seeking new insights, in answering these questions and in assessing phenomena in a new light
Xu, Jian. "Recherche de procédés sélectifs de blanchiment sans chlore de la pâte à papier Kraft : contribution à l'amélioration du stade d'ozonation en présence d'additifs organiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT069G.
Full textCoustillac, Lili. "Méthodes et outils pour soutenir l’éco-conception dans un laboratoire d’innovation industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2784.
Full textTo remain competitive, companies must be innovative and regularly offer new products, services, processes, etc. If, for a long-time, innovation has focused on the technical dimension, today it relies on three main levers: prices, technology and uses. Recently, sustainable innovation, which consists in innovating while considering the environmental impacts, is also considered as an additional innovation lever. To meet these new demands, particularly around innovation through use and sustainable innovation, companies are no longer wondering if they should innovate but rather how to do so. They “seek to renew their methods of innovation and creation”. New methods and tools are deployed in an industrial context. One of the practices proposed is the establishment of new places, dedicated to innovation, inspired by the maker movement such as FabLabs, Living labs, Hackerspaces, Makerspaces, ... These new spaces, supported by various actors, renew the modalities of innovation and creation through the implementation of collaborative and iterative processes. Their objectives are to put uses back at the heart of innovation processes, to focus the process on the user and his needs, to give a new impetus to the exploration and innovation processes of companies, to upgrade practical skills and adapt to a context of deindustrialization. To achieve these objectives, these innovation laboratories are based on three main pillars: a place characterized by a particular architecture, layout and decor that influence the behavior of participants; a team composed of diverse and heterogeneous actors such as researchers, engineers as well as experts in methods and tools of creativity and prototyping and finally methods to facilitate and support the generation of ideas and group work, notably through co-creativity sessions. In the context of sustainable innovation, very few tools are adapted to the practices of these new places of innovation. Indeed, innovation laboratories support the generation of ideas and first concepts while eco-innovation or eco-design tools such as Life Cycle Assessment, are based on the assessment of the environmental impacts of products. We propose to develop an eco-creativity tool that aims to accompany the participants of a co-creativity session to generate new ideas, original, respectful of environment and adapted to the context in which they manifest. To evaluate the effects of the introduction of such a tool during co-creativity sessions, a comprehensive analysis methodology of these sessions was developed. To carry out this work, we have integrated the Clean Mobility LAB, innovation laboratory of a large international automotive equipment engineering and production group, FORVIA FAURECIA
Nafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332/document.
Full textTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
Ozusaglam, Serdal. "Essays on eco-innovation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB002/document.
Full textEnvironmental innovation or eco-innovation is considered one of the most significant paradigm shifts in the innovation behaviour. The specificity of eco innovation lies in the fact that environmental improvement, in addition to technological advancement, is the main reason of its development. By combining these two objectives, eco-innovation has become one of primary tools in the search to solve the world’s environmental problems and sustainability challenges. Despite its prevalence, there is still more to be discovered within the eco-innovation literature. The drivers of and barriers to eco-innovation discussion is one of the most significant amongst all. More notably, the role of a firm’s social, technological, economic and organizational characteristics within the eco-innovation process has been little studied. With this Ph.D. thesis we aim to fill the existing gap with four distinct research articles. [...] Chapter 2 investigates, firstly, whether firms’ internal characteristics have an impact on the adoption of voluntary environmental standards. Secondly, the causal effect of adoption of environmental standards on the firms performance. Based on the empirical evidence obtained, we show that medium-size, high-tech manufacturing firms operating at the EU level and using quality standards are more likely to adopt these standards earlier. [...] In Chapter 3, we stressed the significance of a firm’s structural characteristics in another context and aimed at investigating the role these characteristics play in realization of product and/or process eco-innovation. [...] In Chapter 4 we moved forward the analyses conducted in Chapter 3 to another context and examined the influence of firm’s economic, technological, organisational capabilities on the eco-innovation behaviour for different types of product, process, organisational or marketing eco-innovators. The results of our empirical analyses point out the marginal impacts of firm’s characteristics changes with respect to type of eco-innovator. [...]