Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrie du recyclage des métaux'
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Menad, Nourreddine. "Traitements thermiques des déchets industriels dans différentes atmosphères contrôlées en vue de leur dépollution et/ou de leur recyclage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL078N.
Full textPillaud, Jean-Louis. "Application de l'oxydation anodique au traitement de certains effluents industriels." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376089134.
Full textKanari, Ndue. "Extraction des métaux de valeur des concentrés de chalcopyrite et de chromite par chloruration." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_KANARI_N.pdf.
Full textLakhchaf, Nadia. "Nanofiltration d'ions et de complexes en solution. Application au traitement d'effluents nickelés par couplage complexation, nanofiltration, électrolyse." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20122.
Full textKhalfi, Az-Eddine. "Etude du comportement dans diverses conditions de combustion, de déchets de bois, représentatifs de la filière ameublement." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0610.
Full textSourisseau, Sylvain. "Recyclage vs extraction minière : concurrence, externalités environnementales et politiques publiques sur les marchés du fer et de l'acier." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE016/document.
Full textIn addition to a solution for managing end-of-life products, recycling is also an alternative to the production of virgin raw materials. In this thesis, we are therefore wondering about this new form of competition that could potentially include recyclers, on a commodity market traditionally dominated by a mining oligopoly. To what extent can recyclers compete with mining firms and what are the effects on oligopoly? As a second line of research, we consider the differential of environmental externalities that exists between the two types of supply. We therefore include in our model a recycling subsidy and a tax on mining pollution, in response to the two market distortions: the non-competitive structure of mining extraction and the externalities that are associated with this activity. To give an empirical dimension to this thesis, we use the iron and steel industry. Prior to the analysis of the competition with recyclers, we carry out in Chapter 1, an analysis of the evolution of the markets of iron and steel following the demand shock since the year 2000. The concentration of the demand from Chinese steelmakers as well as the strategy put in place by the authorities from 2010, led to a new market structure of the world iron ore market: a thwarted monopsony.By focusing on the upstream value chain, Chapter 2 sets the theoretical framework for competition between mining firms and recyclers. Through a Cournot-Stackelberg model, we show that the market share of the mining sector increases with the degree of competition in this sector. Recyclers cannot significantly increase their market share if an efficient recycling technology is not associated with a high availability of waste. This dual condition is also necessary to ensure the reduction of the mining rent. In addition, we highlight the requirement of a minimum level of recycling technology for recyclers to enter the market.Taking into account the differential of environmental externalities in Chapter 3 strengthens the need for increasing the supply of secondary materials, with regard to its positive effect on social wellfare. For this purpose, the introduction of an environmental tax on mining extraction is less relevant than a subsidy for recycling. The tax reinforces the capacity constraint for recyclers, relies on a necessary assessment of mining pollution that is difficult to achieve for certain raw materials, and there are limits on its implementation which also seem to arise. On the other hand, the introduction of a recycling subsidy would have a significant impact on recyclers' market share and the necessary reduction of extraction-related damages. As we show, the difference in effects between the two policies is even stronger when the initial level of recycling is low.Finally, by focusing on a public policy based on the demand for materials rather than on supply, Chapter 4 highlights the weak incentive of the EU-ETS to reduce CO2 emissions from steelmakers, and therefore a potential increase of the secondary input instead of the virgin one. We also show how this climate policy interferes with the EU competition policy because it mainly benefits market leaders, to the detriment of the principle of free and undistorted competition prevailing in the EU market. More surprisingly, our results indicate that the market leader is the least efficient firm in the consumption of raw materials, considering the quantity of steel produced and the CO$_2$ emissions generated. Conversely, the firm that seems to be the most efficient would also have been least favoured when free allowances were allocated from 2007 onwards
Schrijvers, Dieuwertje. "Evaluation environnementale des options de recyclage selon la méthodologie d’analyse de cycle de vie : établissement d’une approche cohérente appliquée aux études de cas de l’industrie chimique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0555/document.
Full textModeling of recycling – and allocation in general – is a heavily debated topic in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) domain. This thesis aimed to find a coherent scientific approach to model recycling in LCA that provides relevant information to companies. Existing allocation procedures are captured by mathematical formulas and linked to an LCA goal and an attributional or consequential approach in a systematic framework. A review of official guidelines showed that none of them provides recommendations on allocation that is consistent with this framework. A partitioning approach was identified for attributional LCA (a-LCA). This approach is based on subjective assumptions, which are made explicit by axioms. In consequential LCA (c-LCA), the market-price ratio between the recycled and substituted primary material is introduced as a new indicator to identify whether additional recycling substitutes the production of primary materials or avoids waste treatment. The processes that are affected by a changing demand for a product are identified by a causal loop diagram, which also includes stockpiling as a new element in c-LCA. The application of the allocation procedures is demonstrated by a case study of the recycling of rare earth elements (REEs) from used fluorescent lamps. The a-LCA indicated that recycled REEs are more sustainable than primary REEs. The c-LCA showed that recycling is environmentally beneficial as long as the REEs are used in fluorescent lamps that substitute less energy-efficient halogen lamps. This demonstrates that both LCA approaches provide different but useful information for companies. Suggestions are given for policy measures when the market situation does not stimulate environmentally beneficial behavior. It is recommended, among other options, to extend the causal loop diagram of c-LCA to include additional mechanisms, such as rebound effects
Vinson, Pierre. "Fusion sélective par laser de lits de poudre : Étude sur le recyclage de la poudre et détection de défauts au cours de la fabrication par imagerie thermique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0068.
Full textDirect and additive manufacturing regroups several new technologies that are very different from conventional manufacturing processes such as casting. Aeronautic and space industries are really interested in those new processes such as the selective laser melting of metallic powder beds know as the SLM process. This PhD thesis report will show the issues of additive manufacturing and will describe some processes. A bibliography study has been done on two aeronautical alloys used in this work: titanium alloy TA6V and nickel-based superalloy Nimonic 263. This work also presents powder characterization (granulometry, morphology chemical composition) for the gas atomized powder. Besides, study has been done on the recyclability of the TA6V powder for the SLM process, for the powder itself and the mechanical properties of parts built from recycled powder. Moreover, this works deals with a powder bed consolidation model to estimate the productivity of the process. Then, a parametric and thermal study has been done on the Nimonic 263. The coaxial system for thermal visualization is described such as the image processing algorithm used. Finally, this reports deals with the study of thermal signature of typical SLM defects
Ndiaye, Mamadou Babacar. "Le recyclage de métaux d'origine industrielle au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455171.
Full textBrault-Vattier, Thierry Pierre Antoine. "L'aluminium au XXe et XXIe siècles. Étude d’économie industrielle." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU2003/document.
Full textAt different times and speeds, depending on the countries concerned, aluminium has transformed both the world of industry and our ways of life. In the early 20th century, the developing world was already divided between North America, where steel and concrete were beginning to shape cities linked by railroads, and Europe, where it was necessary to demolish before rebuilding, and the transformation therefore took longer. Aluminium and hydroelectricity emerged together, heralding a long period of growth that was accelerated by their complementarity. Technical progress in both domains had a snowball effect. The expansion lasted three-quarters of a century, until the rising household demand for electricity forced aluminium producers to look for new sources of energy, firstly in the United States. The developing countries followed the same path and provided continuity. China has been the leading aluminium producer in the world since 2003. Modernisation affected both domains at the same time, creating considerable needs for support. Economics and management sciences have developed theoretical and practical foundations in a network, amplifying the effectiveness of technical advances. The interest of this study lies in our revelation of the lasting interactions between economic theory and industrial production
Barth, David. "Le recyclage : une nouvelle dimension de gestion de la production : le cas de l'assemblage et du désassemblage automatisé des automobiles." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR30005.
Full textThe technical product and his production system are closely linked. Every modification of the characteristics of the technical product leads to modifications of the characteristics of the production system. The need of recycling products of the cars industry will transform the production system of cars. This is illustrated with the example of the assembly system as conventional production system and with the example of the disassembly system as new recycling system
Braibant, Bertrand. "Synthèse et étude de systèmes fluorés pour l'extraction liquide-liquide de métaux stratégiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT175/document.
Full textA large part of the metals used by the industry is still coming from mines. Some metals, called strategic metals, may encounter a supply risk or even a total depletion of natural resources. They are usually used in dispersive way which make their recovery complicated, costly and energy intensive since they are in unequal amount, with other metal, in ever more complex matrices. Whether for strategic, economic or societal reason, the metal recycling is about to become an important industry in a near future. Hydrometallurgical processes, and liquid-liquid extraction in particular, are a robust technic giving answer to some of the recycling challenge. Our aim was to develop and study some fluorinated system for the extraction and the separation of metal through liquid-liquid approach. The tenability of the fluorinated part of these system allow the study of multiple interaction (complexation or supramolecular ordering) important in a fundamental point of view in liquid-liquid extraction. Physical and chemical properties such as their miscibility allow the development of new processes in the solvent extraction field such as triphasic liquid extraction system. To this end, two series of fluorinated malonamides with various spacer length between the complexing head and the fluorinated moiety were synthetized. The modulation, through the spacer, of the inductive effect of the fluorinated chain on the physical and chemical properties of the extractant and the complexation of the metal was studied. The influence of various extraction parameters such as the concentration in extractant, the acid and the diluent were characterized. The comparison of these malonamides with their hydrogenated homologues was done and the limits of these systems established. A family of trialkylphosphate was developed and apply to a triphasic extraction system. Preliminary results confirm the approach
Gras, Matthieu. "Recyclage de métaux venant d'accumulateurs NiMH : développement d'extractions liquide-liquide sélectives à partir de liquides ioniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI053/document.
Full textNickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are currently dominating the market of energy storage in hybrid electric vehicles. 1 billion cells are estimated to be produced each year. In their end-of-life, these electronical wastes exhibit low recycling rates, despite the fact that NiMH batteries contain high amounts of valuable and strategic metals. Two main metal families coexist as an intermetallic compound in negative electrodes: transition metals (TM) (Ni, Co, Mn and Fe) and rare earth elements (REE) (La, Ce, Nd and Pr). Among TM, cobalt exhibits the highest criticality rate. Indeed, natural ores will not cover the increasing cobalt demand linked to emerging technologies. REE produced at more than 97 % in China are at the centre of European Union’s preoccupations. To tackle economic and environmental issues, this project, supported by the labex CEMAM is a partnership between the company Recupyl® and the academic laboratory LEPMI. It aims at investigating on low environmental impact routes for the recycling of metals present in real spent NiMH batteries. This requires the replacement of volatile organic compounds by ionic liquids, respecting the principles of ‘green chemistry’. Based on innovative extraction and recovery processes of elements by hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry, we propose a flowsheet for the valorisation of metals from those batteries
Derrien, Anne. "Récupération sélective de métaux lourds par la zéolithe NaY et par des silices fonctionnalisées complexantes." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20222.
Full textLacanau, Valentin. "Conception et étude physico-chimique d’amphiphiles auto-assemblés pour l’extraction de métaux et la catalyse en milieu aqueux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS127.
Full textThis project aims to study and develop a novel principle dedicated to the valorisation of recycled metals, especially palladium. It consists in the direct use of an organic phase arising from a solvent extraction process into organo-catalyzed cross-couplings performed in aqueous micellar phases. The palladium transposition from the organic phase into the aqueous phase is performed thaks to surfactants developed by the CBSA team (C. Pépin & F. Bonneté, IBMM), and which structure has to be optimized to answer to the specifications linked with the hyrometallurgical processes dedicated to palladium recovery from electronic wastes, performed by the LHYS team (D. Bourgeois, ICSM). Following a recent proof of concept involving these both teams from the ChemiSyst LabEx and a third team from the Strasbourg University (F. Bihel), the present project will consist in the rational description of the relationship between the surfactants, easily tunable, the physic-chemical properties resulting from their auto-assembly, and their aptitude to back-extract and stabilize the palladium in the aqueous medium. The fundamental knowledge thus acquired will enable and efficient valorization of the proposed systems
Béraud, Philippe, and Innocento Sodji. "Les modalités de formation et de recyclage de la rente pétrolière." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100070.
Full textThe subject of this work consists in revealing the conditions of formation, appropriation and redistribution of oil rent from a new angle. In order to fulfill the requirements of the problematic in a relevant way, a division into two parts was adopted, referring to the methods of interpretation of energy economics and development economics respectively. The heuristic stake lies in the capacity to restitute the very unity and continuity of the studied phenomenon, by linking together the teachings drawn from the two preceding investigation fields, and thus by rejecting the classical dichotomy or and descriptive interpretation. In this way, our contribution shows itself an attempt to follow and to reflect the cycle of the rent from its start to its metamorphosis. Therefore the first part deals with the analysis of the conditions of formation and appropriation of oil surplus. Stress is laid on the structure of energy prices and on the factors which determine its evolution. For this purpose we show that the confrontation between the conditions of energy supply and demand (including the influence of public intervention) can be an object of systematization able to reflect the combination of factors, making the understanding of the economic links between the different sources of energy obvious. The nature of oil surplus, the evolution of its amount and of its repartition, can therefore be interpreted in the light of the theoretical teachings acquired in the framework of this systematization. The second part deals with the analysis of the conditions and the effects of redistribution of oil surplus in the OPEC countries, especially of the arabo-iranian area (Algeria, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait). Stress is laid on industrialization and others aspects of economic evolution of these countries
Talbi, Gaël. "Caractérisation, destruction et recyclage des déchets amiantés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS135/document.
Full textTo answer the ecological and economic problems of the treatment of Materials Containing Asbestos (MCA), a complete process allowing to handle in an optimal way these waste was proposed. For that purpose, three types of waste were analyzed by several complementary techniques of characterization (X-rays diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, infrared and NMR spectroscopy). These analyses allowed the identification of the present various phases within waste. This identification is necessary, because it allows to adapt in the optimal way for the destruction of the waste. The first stage of the process is a treatment in temperature of the MCA in a solution of nitric acid leading to the dissolution of the matrix of the waste and the denaturation of the fibers of chrysotile which are present in 95 % of MCA. Two phases are then got back at the end of this treatment: a solid phase of pure silica and a liquid phase containing, in particular, calcium, magnesium and iron ions. If previous waste contains fibers of amphibole type (5 % of the MCA) they are then treated through a hydrothermal process in an autoclave containing a solution of soda. This stage leads to the complete dissolution of the waste. The basic solution containing some silicon is so got back. Various ways of valuations were then developed. The present ions in the acid solution are chemically sorted out by a selective precipitation of hydroxides. Another way consists in synthesizing a zeolite from the pure silica coming from the acid treatment and from the basic solution after hydrothermal treatment. The isotherms of adsorption of this synthesized zeolite were established to determine its capacity of adsorption of certain polluting metallic cations. To finish, a fundamental study was led on the nanotubes of silica obtained after the acid treatment of pure asbestos fibers and diverse applications of these nanotubes of silica were evoked
Nguyen, Thanh Long. "Le Pneusol : recherches – réalisations - perspectives." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0118.
Full textThe pneusol-tresoil is formed by the association of two elements : the used tyre and soil. The word « tyre » means here all parts of old tyre (two site walls and a tread) or an entire used tyre together in chains or in tiers and capable of withstanding large tensile forces. The word « soil » covers both the whole range of natural ground, with mechanical properties as varied as thase of powdery and cohesive materials, and a variety of wastes. Today more than 250 structures have been built in France, 12 in Algeria, 6 in the United States of America. . Covering a wide range of civil engineering applications mainly in order to reinforced earth sturctures, to protect slopes. . At lower costs than conventional technologies. These thesis is concerned with all the possibilities of this material, its technology, its behaviour, its different design methods and its building
Bouslamti, Mohamed Amine. "Identification et évaluation des différents types et niveaux des contaminants chimiques dans le bois recyclé." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0023.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is a market study of the availability of recycled wood. Each year, in France, 16 million tons of wood waste are collected by specialist companies and waste reception centres. Less than 14% of this is recycled, partially because regulations do not allow highly contaminated wood resources and also because of inadequate sorting techniques, which are often limited to visual assessment. Clearly, recycled wood should be analysed chemically. European standards DD CEN/TS 14778-1:2005 and DD CEN/TS 14780:2005 describe how to obtain samples weighing tens of kg from stockpiles of hundreds of tons. The particles in the sample, often with a top size of several centimetres, must be ground to a fine flour of less than 500 µm. It is impractical to grind the whole sample and so a robust protocol which permits sub-sampling without introducing bias is necessary. A model sample of recycled wood was created using clean particles impregnated with different metals. Different sub-sampling protocols were applied to this model. The samples were analysed chemically in order to see differences via statistical analysis. Standard wet chemistry methods and analyses (ICP-AES and AAS) were used to measure metal contents. In addition, a potentially non-destructive technique based on Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) was used to characterize and to predict the presence of metals in wood samples. Multivariate statistical techniques permit the discrimination between particles containing different metals or organic preservatives. It is demonstrated that the level of contamination, particularly with copper slats, can be determined by comparing observations with a database of spectra obtained from known samples (PLS modelling)
Migneault, Sébastien. "RECYCLAGE DES RÉSIDUS PAPETIERS POUR LA PRODUCTION DE PANNEAUX DE FIBRES." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28402/28402.pdf.
Full textWang, Yun. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation en conditions de chimie verte : métaux non toxiques, eau oxygénée, transformation de la biomasse, recyclage par greffage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30241.
Full textIn order to develop a chemistry more respectful of the environment, access to sustainable processes is mandatory. More specifically, in the field of oxidation chemistry, use of toxic oxidants has to be banished, use of solvents limited and reusable catalysts developed. In this context, two types of greener approaches have been explored. The first approach concerns removal or replacement of acetic acid, an additive - in association with H2O2, favoring exclusive formation of epoxides with Mn and Fe metal complexes as catalysts. For this objective, two strategies have been explored. The first one consists in introducing fluoroalcohol functions in the second coordination sphere of metal complexes with pyridinophane-based ligand to easily activate H2O2. Those complexes did not enhance the catalytic activity for cyclooctene oxidation reactions in comparison to analogous Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with unmodified ligands. However, Ni(II) and Co(II) metal complexes with unmodified ligands display interesting catalytic activity for H2 photoproduction. The second strategy aimed to replace acetic acid. Using silica beads functionalized with COOH pendant arms (SiO2@COOH) as additive and H2O2 as oxidant, catalytic epoxidation reactions catalyzed by Mn(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes with BPMEN ligand displayed significant selectivity towards epoxide. The second approach concerns organic-solvent free (ep)oxidation processes with catalysts based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Catalysts SiO2@PMo and SiO2@PW, respectively obtained by ionic grafting of H3PMo12O40 or H3PW12O40 on silica beads functionalized with NH2 pending functions (SiO2@NH2), have been fully characterized. With low catalyst loading, both catalysts displayed efficient oxidation activity and better selectivity than the free POMs. Moreover, recovered beads gave similar conversion and selectivity after two recycling processes
Toure, Moussa. "Etude des conditions de mise en œuvre de la pertraction pour l’extraction et la purification de métaux d’intérêt." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS149/document.
Full textPertraction is an emerging liquid-liquid extraction technology which use a membrane barrier as surface area between the aqueous phase and solvent. It thus offers the possibility to use very emulsive solvent and / or consisting of a pure extractant without any necessity of different density with the aqueous phase. The advantage of using a pure extractant is the possibility to have a high loading capacty of solvent (>100 g.L-1). So, we have studied the feasibility of pertraction of metals of interest by using a pure extractant as solvent. The extraction of rare earth metals (neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr) and dysprosium (Dy)) was chosen as the aim of this study. The approach was defined by tree steps : identification of selective solvent for lanthanids (Nd as model), set-up and optimization of pertraction module, mass transfer modeling. The screening of solvent was governed by namely three criteria : its affinity for Nd, its viscosity and solubility in water. To avoid fire risk, the flashpoint of solvent was also taken into account in the selection. In this framework, N, N-dibutylacetamide was selected especially for its moderate viscosity (<5 mPa.s) but its employment required the use of nitrates for increase its affinity for Nd. With high loading capacity (> 126 g.L-1), a remarkable application of DBAc could be its use for selectively extract Nd, Pr, Dy and separate them each other from magnet waste containing impurities such as iron, boron, nickel, cobalt. Pertraction of Nd by DBAc pure has been made in recycle mode on polypropylene hollow fiber module. The mass transfer model has been developed on the basis of conventional assumptions of resistances in series theory in order to predict the concentration of Nd at different times. It has required some input parameters such as diffusion coefficient of Nd in aqueous and organic phases. Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) has been used for the experimental determination of diffusion coefficients. Experimental data and model results were found to be in good agreement for the system DBAc/Nd. The values of mass transfer coefficients in films and membrane indicate that the mass transfer limiting step is the diffusion of DBAc-Nd in the solvent present in the membrane pores and in the diffusional film of the solvent. This can be explained by the relative high viscosity of solvent because diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to viscosity in Stock-Einstein correlation. A development perspective of pertraction as liquid-liquid technology is the recovery of refractory metals like tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb). Preliminary studies for identify selective solvent present the properties of methylacetophenone pure (MAcPh) to extract selectively Ta from hydrofluoric solution of capacitor waste containing iron, manganese, nickel and silver as impurities with a loading capacity superior than 150 g.L-1
Vincent, Hugues. "Etude de la récupération des métaux précieux des cendres par un procédé de pyrométallurgie." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11046.
Full textAdoue, Cyril. "Méthodologie d'identification de synergies éco-industrielles réalisables entre entreprises sur le territoire français." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0016.
Full textEco-industrial development is one of the main fields of industrial ecology. It consists of closing the loops of mass and energy and offers a tool for sustainable development implementation. This work proposes an identification methodology to find potential synergies between industrial actors usable on every French territory. Two parts compose this methodology: identification of potential synergies and feasibility analysis. The Identification phase needs to create information on the synergistic potential of every flow. Three main dimensions of industrial flows influence this potential: physical, energetic and functional aspects. This methodology only uses physical characteristics. Information is created by the ISIS database which is used to compile input and output flows of different undustrial processes and the activity and geographical location of every industrial company in France. It was tested in the Aube territory thanks to the local industrial ecology club. Many feasibility factors were pointed out during this experimentation. In a sustainable development perspective, the social aspect of synergies has been studied and environmental analysis tool built, starting from the Life Cycle Assessment methodology
Kauffmann, Anne. "Etude physico-chimique du devenir de certains métaux lourds lors de la valorisation énergétique de résidus de broyage de l'industrie automobile." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0334.
Full textSens-Zanetto, Christine. "Etude des risques associés à la valorisation des déchets urbains : cas des métaux en trace." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11029.
Full textGroenen, Serrano Karine. "Elaboration, par electrolyse dans les sels fondus, de métaux de l'industrie nucléaire : le hafnium et l'uranium." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30233.
Full textCarrère, Anne. "Modélisation économétrique du processus de formation des prix des métaux non ferreux." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10017.
Full textThis document presents a structural model of determination of the prices for aluminium, copper, nickel and titanium. The use of econometric techniques enabled the emphasize of the set of economic variables which are involved in the mechanism of formation of the quotations. From 1955 to the present day, the model reveals that prices are strongly responsive to the world economic environment and to important international political and social events. The prices tend towards a middle term equilibrium, going through transitory phases of unbalance that the metal producers and prices stabilization policies are trying to control
Combe, Quentin. "Éjection électromagnétique : modèle et réalisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0107.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the subject of electromagnetic ejection applied in the context of the metal recycling industry. The aim of this thesis is the modeling and the development of an architecture of energy conversion allowing the realization of this ejection. The generated variable magnetic field is used to separate non-ferromagnetic metallic materials such as aluminum or copper from a waste stream by means of a Laplace force generated by the conjunction between the magnetic field created and the magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the conductive materials.The developed architecture is composed of several elements: a rectifier, an inverter and an inductor. The rectifier part with a wide operating range connected to the three-phase grid network allows to obtain an adjustable DC voltage and ensures a sinusoidal current in phase with the voltage. The inverter part allows to control the transferred power, by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the current flowing through the last part of the system represented by the inductor, responsible for the generation of the variable magnetic field.The rectifier is based on the classical Buck rectifier structure because of the low impedance of the inductor used. Although this structure allows to lower the three-phase grid voltage, its operating range can be easily increased without the addition of passive components. The classical control of this rectifier is based only on its output variables which can lead to uncontrolled oscillations caused by the resonance of the lightly damped input LC filter excited by the harmonics generated by the switching of transistors. In this thesis, we proposed a new control method that deals with both its input and output variables and that allows both to control the oscillations of the input LC filter while obtaining a better dynamic response when the system is subjected to a load step. This control method is based on the flatness properties of differential systems, so it does not depend on the operating point and guarantees the large signal stability of the system.The single-phase inverter is based on a full bridge structure allowing the application of three voltage levels and a wide choice of control of the amplitude, shape and frequency of the current flowing through the inductor. Different controls of this converter have been studied and compared. These allow to vary the power injected in the inductor, have an impact on the harmonic content of the current flowing through it and on the constraints of the different components of the system.A modeling of the inductor as well as an estimation of the value of the magnetic field necessary for the ejection is carried out. The different methods proposed are verified by numerical simulations but also by experimental tests performed on the whole system
Zakaria, Khaled. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau matériau et valorisation dans les barrières perméables réactives." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805274.
Full textPastorio, Elena. "I Greci, l'Occidente, i Metalli : immaginario e realtà." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10027.
Full textMohamed-Awal, Abdillahi Mohamed. "Assemblage et séparation de polyélectrolytes pour le traitement d'eaux contaminées par des cations métalliques." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2032/document.
Full textThis thesis presents physicochemical study devoted to treatment of aqueous solutions contaminated by metal cations using complex coacervation and recovery of reactants. The aim of this research study was to assess the benefits of coacervation with respect to the usual approach that involves the combination of metal complexation with polymers and their removal from solutions by ultrafiltration. The first part was devoted to the state of the art, the second on reports the study concerning the combination of two complementary polyelectrolytes, the polyacrylic acid and polyethyleneimine, in order to optimize the simultaneous removal of mono and divalent cations in a reduced number of steps. The order of addition was of main importance on the quality and the easiness of separation. The most effective separation was obtained when the polyethyleneimine was used to end the charge neutralization of the metal polyacrylate complex. In this conditions, a gravy separation may be carried easily, but the ultrafiltration of supernatant solutions significantly improved the removal of Pb-and colloidal species colloidal species. The third chapter presents the first step of the sludge treatment which aims at encouraging the recycling of metals and reuse of polyelectrolytes. In this part, electrolysis and selective precipitation using iron sulphide were assessed to remove metals. The the most favorable method for metal recycling and polyelectrolyte reuse was electrolysis in moderately acid conditions. The last part reports a study for the separation of polyacrylic acid and poly ethyleneimine from the free metal sludges as it was shown that the removal of metal contamined solutions was much more effective when the polyelectrolytes are added separately. Polyelectrolytes separation was compared using acetone for the polyacrylate precipitation and ultrafiltration.Whereas the former method was effective, but not green, the latter was not found compatible with the selective separation of the polyelectrolytes
Philipp, Bernd. "L'éco-marketing vertical des constructeurs dans un canal de distribution inversée : les fondements du leardership : le cas des déchets bureautiques-informatiques en Suisse." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24007.
Full textRobert-Hauglustaine, Anne-Catherine. "Le soudage des métaux en France : un demi-siècle d'innovations techniques : 1892-1939." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0112.
Full textThe study of the evolution of the welding processes in france at the beginning of the xx century includes a technical, a social and an economical approaches. Two different periods has been shown with this research. Between 1892 and 1918, and with the discovery of the calcium carbide, new assembly processes were used in some different fields in the french industry. The acetylene blowpipes and the torch welding were used in the industry, as in the naval construction. During the world war i, the welding processes have been used in the army and a lot of women began "welders" as the men have been mobilized. The second period covered twenty years, between 1919 and 1939, with a new all technical system in welding. The electrical welding processes have been used in the industry. The scientific studies in metallurgy and metallography were necessary for the understanding of the specific metal process during the welding. The control capability in the soldered joint allowed more industrial applications between the two world wars. With the creation of the "ecole superieure de soudure autogene", the french welding institute offered a one year specialization in welding for engineers
Sadaoui, Zahra. "Etude des conditions de récupération de métaux lourds contenus dans les rejets aqueux, par ultrafiltration assistée : cas du chrome hexavalent." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30078.
Full textThevenet, Ludovic. "Modélisation du comportement optique des matériaux textiles en fonction de leur structure : contribution à l'élaboration d'un logiciel industriel pour la valorisation des déchets fibreux." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-131.pdf.
Full textLa seconde fait appel aux réseaux de neurones. Les capacités de prédiction des deux systèmes sont tout à fait en accord avec les attentes industrielles. Les paramètres de chaque modèle sont corrélés avec les grandeurs caractéristiques de chaque structure. Ceci a permis d'élaborer différentes méthodes expérimentales pour la détermination de certaines grandeurs non accessibles jusqu'à présent. Finalement, une dernière technique se propose d'établir un modèle de connaissance en ayant recours aux modèles de réflexion locale. Une fois le modèle identifié, celui-ci est implanté dans un programme de ray-tracing donnant accès ainsi à toutes les techniques de rendu réaliste. Ce travail est en réalité situé dans un projet plus vaste qui devrait permettre, à terme, de fournir aux entreprises du secteur du recyclage textile un outil informatique de prévision de la couleur à partir de leurs stocks de fibres et de l'utilisation qui en faite. Cependant, ce secteur n'est pas le seul concerné par ce travail. Effectivement, il peut-être utilisé dans l'ensemble des entreprises textiles produisant les structures évoquées
Del, Fava Joe͏̈lle. "Spéciation des métaux dans les ordures ménagères et leur produit de traitement par digestion anaérobie." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20130.
Full textHild, Frédéric. "Synthèse de polyesters et polycarbonates : polymérisation en milieu homogène en vue d'une utilisation en milieu hétérogène permettant le recyclage de l'initiateur de polymérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832499.
Full textPham, Minh Doan. "Oxydation par voie humide catalytique des eaux usées de la production d'huile d'olives : catalyseurs métaux nobles supportés." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10116.
Full textBoucard, Linda. "Etude experimentale : valorisation de sediments fluviaux stabilises." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0002.
Full textThe river transport is a major stake for the development of the human societies. It generates employment, unblocks the road traffic and contributes to the sustainable development. The silting of the inland waterways makes necessary and compulsory their maintenance. The absence of clearing out of the sediments accentuates the risks of flood, involves a river traffic restraint going until the complete inactivity of certain water ways, causing deviations and the fall of competitivity for a whole sector. The extraction of the sediments is not systematic because it raises problems of an ecological, political and financial nature. The important volume of sediments polluted (heavy metals, organic matter. . . ) to dredge requires an assumption of responsibility, currently, unsuitable or non-existent. Our samples were treated so that heavy metals are stabilized there. After a study of the various solutions and existing treatments, we worked in partnership with the company SOLVAY which developed the chemical process NOVOSOL® based on phosphoric acid. The valorisation of these new stabilized products was the objective of this work of thesis. After an environmental and mineral characterization of the sediments before and after treatment, we worked out and characterized new building materials containing stabilized river sediments. The applications were limited to compressed elements and concretes. These first tracks of valorisation offer attractive and evolutionary prospects thanks to the acquired lesson, with the improvement of methodology, a better control of materials and of their implementation
Uzu, Gaëlle. "Spéciation, transfert vers les végétaux et approche toxicologique des émissions atmosphériques d'une usine de recyclage de plomb." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT008A/document.
Full textSince the Industrial Revolution in Europe (XIXe century), human activities have caused significant global environmental changes. The composition of the atmosphere in particular, has been extensively modified by the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Currently, the secondary (or recycling) metallurgical industry contributes significantly to air emissions of metals. Therefore, this thesis focused on the study of transfers and impacts on soils, plants and humans, of particles from the recycling process of lead in relation to their physicochemical properties. Three main sources of particulate emissions have been identified in the process of recycling lead and characterized, to study the potential impacts on plant and human targets. The particles sampled (workstations and channelled emissions), and segregated according to their size (PMtot, PM10 and PM2, 5), are mainly composed of metals (up to 50% by weight of the total composition in transition metals alkaline and alkaline), with a major part of lead (25-45%). The major speciations of lead are galena (PbS), lead sulfate (PbSO4) or derivatives (xPbO.PbSO4 x = 1,2 or 3). The study of transfer of particles in the soil-plant system has shown that when the particle size of processes in the soil decreases (from 2.5µm to 10µm), the transfer of lead into the aerial parts of lettuce growing at 20 %. The uptake of lead from particles process by leaves has been demonstrated and mechanisms of absorption have been proposed. Finally, exploratory study of lead-rich particles on human health has shown that diminution of the size of particles ingested increased gastric bioaccessibility of lead. In the case of inhalation, it was shown that the particles did not induce cytotoxicity up 50µg/cm2, but caused a dose-dependent inflammatory response of lung epithelial cells
Lachguar, Abdelhak. "Pour une chimie plus verte - catalyseurs chiraux supportés sur solide pour recyclage et développement de procédés en continu." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30023.
Full textThe awareness by society of the concept of sustainable development has led chemists to rethink all industrial processes through the twelve principles of green chemistry. In this “green” approach to chemistry, catalysis, in particular with transition metal complexes, occupies a key place: improvement of activities (lower energy consumption), improvement of selectivities (fewer by-products), discovery of new catalytic reactions (less dangerous reagents, clean solvents, economy of atoms, etc.), control of stereochemistry (synthesis of drugs, polymers) ... Unfortunately, the sometimes high cost of catalysts, their difficulties in recovery or recycling is a barrier to their industrial use. The heterogenization of catalysis reactions (catalyst recycling, simplified product purification) and the development of continuous processes are major challenges that meet societal (environment) and industrial expectations. We wish to answer it here by relying on catalysts prepared from chiral phosphine, phosphinocarbene and ferrocenic carbenes (planar and central chirality) ligands synthesized in the team and having demonstrated excellent activities and selectivities in asymmetric catalysis (hydrogenation, Suzuki -Miyaura). These ligands will be functionalized in order to allow their grafting on a solid support. The nature of the supports (spherical silica, mesoporous silica, etc.), the grafting sites (on the surface, in pores or channels) are elements that we wish to study in order to better understand the role of surface interactions and the phenomena of confinement on the activity and enantioselectivity of the supported catalysts
Rorat, Agnieszka. "Assessment of the vermicomposting process applied to sewage sludge by monitoring of the compost quality and immune responses of three earthworm species : Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrei and Dendrobaena veneta." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10165.
Full textVermicomposting is a relatively new eco-biotechnology using earthworms as natural bioreactors in the process of decomposition of organic matter. Eisenia andrei, Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta are detrivorous organisms that enhance the decomposition of complex organic compounds and influence circulation of organic matter. This eco-technique is a non-expensive method of biodegradation of organic wastes, inter alia sewage sludge. Due to the high content of various pollutants, including heavy metals, chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms, sewage sludge cannot be directly used in agriculture. The quality of the product can be assessed using agronomic parameters, while immune and defense parameters can be measured as stress biomarkers. Aims of this work were: 1) to determine the influence of earthworms on the quality of the product obtained in vermicomposting process, 2) to investigate the molecular and immunological mechanisms occurring in earthworms during vermicomposting of municipal sewage sludge, 3) to develop the combined composting – vermicomposting process. Earthworms were segragated into three separate groups basing on DNA barcoding and selected fluorophores were tested as non-invasively retrieved biomarkers allowing distinction between morphologically similar composting earthworm species. Riboflavin, coelomocytes (amoebocytes/eleocytes) composition and particular gene expression levels were selected as biomarkers of stress useful in biomonitoring of the vermicomposting process. Applied technique has led to assess the possibilities of valorization of sewage sludge
Mirghaffari, Nourollah. "Décontamination des solutions contenant des métaux lourds par des déchets forestiers ou agricoles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL058N.
Full textAbbadie, Alexandra. "Nettoyage chimique humide de surfaces silicium (appliqué au recyclage), nettoyage chimique humide et préparation de surface d'alliages silicium-germanium et de couches de germanium pur." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30082.
Full textAebischer, Stéphane. "Le cycle géochimique des métaux de surface en période d'exploitation minière : étude isotopique des sédiments lacustres de Schefferville." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24363.
Full textDia, Moussa. "Traitement et valorisation de sédiments de dragage phosphatés en technique routière." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0206/document.
Full textDredging of sediments is necessary in order to maintain maritime activities and for flood prevention. However increased industrial activities are causing accumulation of pollutants in the sediments. The main contaminants are heavy metals and organic compounds. Because of the cost of storage, treatment and valorization can be economically sound. This study focuses on the technology to treat heavy metals from dredged sediments using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) (the Novosol®process developed by Solvay company) with a goal to stabilize heavy metals by capturing them in a calcium phosphate matrix and to destroy organic matter by calcination at 650°C. Several studies have been conducted in this field. The stabilized materials obtained have been used in civil engineering. However these studies have never assessed the effect of the composition of the phosphoric acid on the treatment. In this thesis dissertations the effect of two types of phosphoric acids with various purities and origins provide by PRAYON company were compared. The investigation focuses on the effect of the phosphoric acids on the environmental behavior of metals and on the geotechnical properties of the dredged sediment. The environmental study has shown that the concentration of heavy metals released by materials made from treated sediments are below the regulation limits . The results obtained with the different types of acids are comparable. This allows to consider the use of treated dredged sediment by process Novosol® as road materials
Vemic, Mirjana. "Leaching and recovery of molybdenum, nickel and cobalt from metals recycling plants mineral sludges." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1106/document.
Full textIn view of the on-going depletion of the natural resources taking place worldwide, the high price, high demand and future shortage of the primary mineral resources for Mo, Ni and Co it is extremely important to implement metals recycling/recovery/reuse from semi-finished products, by-products, secondary materials and wastes, including hazardous waste (i.e. spent catalysts, mineral sludges). Furthermore, there is a need to utilize more efficient technologies to recover metals from wastes/secondary resources in order to minimize capital outlay, environmental impact and to respond to the metal increased demand. Among the different secondary resources, spent catalysts and mineral sludges generated at the spent catalysts recycling plants could be a very good secondary resource, as they contain high concentrations of different metals (especially Mo, Ni and Co). Therefore, they should be viewed as a resource, not as a waste. In our study we are dealing with the catalyst, metallic oxide and battery recycling plant mineral sludge. This type of material contains high concentrations of different metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, speciation, leaching and recovery of Mo, Ni and Co from this type of material were not investigated before. Mineral sludge was minutely characterized where pH, Loss On Ignition (LOI), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Total Metal Content (TMC) and Sequential Extraction (SE) were performed. Based on the mineral sludge characterization results the leaching rate and yields of Mo, Ni and Co from mineral sludge sample were quantified. Different leaching reagents (stand-alone acids (nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric) and acid mixtures (aqua regia (nitric + hydrochloric (1:3)), nitric + sulfuric (1:1) and nitric + sulfuric + hydrochloric (2:1:1)) were investigated at changing operational parameters (solid to liquid ratio, leaching time and temperature), in order to understand the leaching features and select the suitable leaching reagent which achieves the highest metal leaching yields. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was found to be the leachant with the highest metal leaching potential. The optimal leaching conditions were a three stage successive leaching, temperature 80°C, leaching time 2 h and S/L ratio 0.25 g L-1. Under these conditions, the leaching yields from our mineral sludge sample reached 85.5, 40.5 and 93.8% for Mo, Ni and Co, respectively
Rodriguez-Torres, Israël. "Valorisation de boues d'électrozingage par lixiviation puis complexation et dépôt électrochimique d'alliages zinc-nickel." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_RODRIGUEZ_TORRES_I.pdf.
Full textThis work was aimed at investigating the recovery of valuable metals eontained in sludges issued in steel plate plating factories. As a matter of fact, processes for the treatment of these wastes have to be developed, and our contribution has mainly concerned a valorisation process for zinc plating sludges. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to determine the suitable conditions for complexation of zinc and nickel using ammonia. Leaching trials with solid samples issued from two factories, have shown the selective and efficient dissolution of both metal salts. A part of this dissertation deals with literature survey on co-deposition of zinc and nickel, together with the experimental investigation of the electrochemistry of these elements from synthetic ammonia-containing baths. In view to produce Zn-Ni alloy, numerous deposits were prepared at a rotating disk electrode and observed by electronic scanning microscopy. In spite of the promising results obtained, thermodynamic calculations of gas-liquid equilibria could show that the ammonia pressure over the electrolytic bath was high enough to hinder the further development of such process. An alternative solution to the use of ammonia was then suggested and glycine was considered through a similar approach. Zinc and nickel can be recovered with high yields from the two types of sludges by leaching using glycine. The electrolytic treatment of the leaching solutions in a discontinuous reactor showed that zinc could be deposited with satisfactory yields; in contrast, nickel deposition seems to be inhibited by glycine
Barlet, Olivier. "Contribution à l'optimisation de forme de pièces embouties pour l'industrie automobile." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1110.
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