Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrial total factor productivity'
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Ha, Dong Soo. "Total factor productivity growth in Korean manufacturing from 1983 to 1998." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060101.
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Han, Myung Jin. "Testing the predictive ability of measures of total factor productivity growth /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115550.
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Vial, Virginie G. "Industrial demographics, industrial dynamics, and aggregate total factor productivity growth in Indonesian manufacturing, 1975-95." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2680/.
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After an introductory chapter, chapter 2 reviews and assesses the existing theoretical and empirical literature on TFP growth. A detailed review of the economic and historical literature on productivity growth in Indonesian manufacturing follows. This allows constructing a new methodology for the estimation of aggregate TFP growth in Indonesian manufacturing, using a panel dataset of establishments over the period 1975-95. New estimates are presented and compared with historical evidence. Chapter 3 further emphasises the issue of establishments' heterogeneity by presenting a meticulous review of both the theoretical and empirical literature on industrial demography. Chapter 4 investigates further the heterogeneity of manufacturing establishments in terms of productivity, and size. It offers a comprehensive demographic study of manufacturing establishments over the 21-year period, focusing on productivity and size differentials, as well as on establishments' entry and exit. In a second part, relaxing the representative plant hypothesis and taking establishments' turnover effect into account, I present several decompositions of aggregate TFP growth into incumbents' contribution and the contribution of entrants and exiters. Chapter 5 draws on this literature and tests econometrically the different hypotheses aiming at an explanation of establishments' productivity heterogeneity. Hypotheses are tailored to the Indonesian manufacturing sector through a careful reference to the economic history of the sector. Chapter 6 offers three detailed historical and economic industry studies, aiming at the discovery of central factors and processes explaining the evolution of the manufacturing sector in terms of productivity change and establishments' demography. It also tests econometrically hypotheses regarding the main factors explaining survival and exit of establishments. Chapter 7 recalls the results of the reestimation of aggregate TFP growth using a new methodology, and brings together the main outcomes of the subsequent chapters, thereby offering an explanation of aggregate TFP growth with detailed microeconomic mechanisms.
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Racsa, Patrick N. Pham Van Hoang. "Measurement of total factor productivity growth in countries with high rates of structural change." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5191.
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Pineda, Antonio J. "A multiple case study research to determine and respond to management information needs using Total-Factor Productivity Measurement." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39114.
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Scherngell, Thomas, Manfred M. Fischer, and Martin Reismann. "Total factor productivity effects of interregional knowledge spillovers in manufacturing industries across Europe." The Romanian Regional Science Association, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5139/1/N1%2DFISCHER.pdf.
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The objective of this study is to identify knowledge spillovers that spread across
regions in Europe and vary in magnitude for different industries. The study uses a panel of
203 NUTS-2 regions covering the 15 pre-2004 EU-member-states to estimate the impact
over the period 1998-2003, and distinguish between five major industries. The study
implements a fixed effects panel data regression model with spatial autocorrelation to
estimate effects using patent applications as a measure of R&D output to capture the
contribution of R&D (direct and spilled-over) to regional productivity at the industry level.
The results suggest that interregional knowledge spillovers and their productivity effects are
to a substantial degree geographically localised and this finding is consistent with the
localisation hypothesis of knowledge spillovers. There is a substantial amount of
heterogeneity across industries with evidence that two industries (electronics, and chemical
industries) produce interregional knowledge spillovers that have positive and highly significant productivity effects. The study, moreover, confirms the importance of spatial
autoregressive disturbance in the fixed effects model for measuring the TFP impact of interregional knowledge spillovers at the industry level. (authors' abstract)
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Mlambo, Kupukile. "Total factor productivity growth : an empirical analysis of Zimbabwe's manufacturing sector based on factor demand modelling /." Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 1993. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=005857517&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Shin, Seung-il. "A system dynamics model for total-factor productivity measurement of the manufacturing system: its implications for JIT." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39974.
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This research provides a basis to explore the relationship between Just-In-Time (m) and
performance of the manufacturing system using a systems approach. Specifically, a
conceptual model that captures system-wide performance of the manufacturing system was
built using system dynamics in an effort to investigate the relationship betweenn JIT and
performance of the manufacturing system. The model was designed and built to measure
total-factor productivity (TFP) which represents a global performance measure of the
manufacturing system. TFP captures the integrated, synergistic effect of the system
variables and functions on global system performance.
A major part of the research was devoted to building and testing the system
dynamics model. The model consists of four sectors: production-inventory, labor,
machine, and material. The labor, machine, and material sectors represent the input classes
used to produce the finished goods. The production-inventory sector contains a variable
representing the finished goods (output of the system). It also contains the TFP variable
which relates all the input classes and the output, and calculates the TFP value simulated
under a specific system state.Ph. D.
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Shen, Zhi. "Efficiency and productivity analysis in ten Asian banking industries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6110.
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Over the last few decades, numerous studies have adopted efficiency and productivity techniques to examine and evaluate the overall performance of banking industries to inform policy effect as well as identify the best practice. The majority of banking efficiency and productivity studies focus on the developed US and European countries. There are only limited studies in the Asian banking industries but no cross-country comparison in major Asian economies. To fill this literature gap, this thesis attempts to measure and compare the cost efficiency and total factor productivity change in ten Asian banking sectors using an unbalanced panel data set consisting of 280 commercial banks over the period of 1998 to 2005. It is widely agreed that cross-country differences play an important part in examining banks performance in international comparison. They can influence the frontier technology as additional explanatory variables or they can enter inefficiency directly as a measure of determinants or heteroscedasticity. Both cases are considered in the empirical sections of this thesis. In the former case, the empirical results from systematic comparisons of panel data stochastic frontier models with and without incorporating these cross-country heterogeneities suggests that cross-country differences are important sources to explain banks performances therefore they should not be neglected. The overall cost efficiency in these Asian banking industries is 0.5897 with a decreasing trend, despite positive technical progress and slight economies of scale. The total factor productivity change is measured by using a new cost-based total factor productivity index, an index number counterpart of Bauer's (1990) total differential approach. A five-way decomposition is also provided with the attempt to identify the main contributors to the productivity change. Overall, Asian banking industries have experienced positive but not substantial productivity change from 1998-05. In the latter case, a general model that considers exogenous influences in both inefficiency and random noise error term is constructed and compared against other alternative specifications. The empirical results favour this general model and the overall and country-specific cost efficiency and total factor productivity are then estimated and calculated.
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Bergström, Fredrik. "Essays on the political economy of industrial policy." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-653.
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Unemployment and/or slow economic growth nationally and in poorer regions are two problems which political decision-makers often refer to when they argue for the need to grant different producer subsidies to firms. Moreover, it is often asserted that the problems are due to different market failures. However, it is not certain that market failures exist and political attempts to correct "market-failures" might easily turn into government failures. In the thesis various industrial and regional policy subsidies are examined. The subsidies, which are studied, have become increasingly important in many countries, not least in the EU, over time.The thesis consists of four essays, which examine different aspects of interventionistic policy and political decision making from the perspective of market failure vs. government failure. The purpose of Essay 1 is to study whether Swedish regional policy, which was introduced around 1970, has significantly affected the process of growth of per capita income in Swedish counties. In Essay 2 characteristics of recipient firms are analysed from an interest-group perspective. In Essay 3, the subsidies effect on total factor productivity growth is studied. In the final essay employment effects are examined.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
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Corrêa, Vinicius Sampaio. "Do macro ao micro: o papel da produtividade no desenvolvimento econômico." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18417.
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This work emphasizes the evolution in the understanding of productivity as a fundamental factor for economic development. Based on a diagnosis that places productivity as a preponderant factor in determining the dispersion of income across countries, different approaches are presented in order to better understand the most elementary and fundamental mechanisms that determine it, focusing on the recent literature of misallocation. In order to achieve this aim, some of the main aspects identified as potential sources of poor resource allocation and the respective mechanisms through which they act are presented, together with some key empirical results. In addition, based on this theoretical framework, this text proposes a brief reflection about the way these mechanisms affect brazilian productivity and presents some reforms - already concluded or still under analisys - that aim to address some of the distortions observed in this economy.
Este trabalho enfatiza a evolução das formas de entendimento da produtividade enquanto fator fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico. Partindo de um diagnóstico que coloca a produtividade como fator preponderante na determinação da dispersão de renda verificada entre países, apresentam-se as diferentes abordagens desenvolvidas no intuito de melhor compreender os mecanismos mais elementares e fundamentais que a determinam, com foco na literatura recente de misallocation. Para atingir tal objetivo são apresentados alguns dos principais aspectos apontados como potencias geradores de má alocação de recursos e os respectivos mecanismos por meio do qual atuam, além de alguns importantes resultados empíricos obtidos. Além disso, de posse desse arcabouço teórico, é feita uma breve reflexão sobre a forma como alguns desses mecanismos afetam a produtividade brasileira, bem como são apresentadas algumas reformas - já conduzidas ou ainda em estudo - que visam endereçar algumas das distorções verificadas nessa economia.
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Fatio, Marcelo de Lima. "Contabilidade do crescimento aplicada para Brasil, Chile, China, Índia e Coréia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2079.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-13T00:00:00ZO presente trabalho utiliza a 'Contabilidade do crescimento' para analisar e explicar as diferenças nas taxas de crescimento do PIB per capita dos países Brasil, Chile, China, Índia e Coréia no período compreendido entre os anos 1960 e 2000. Descrevendo os quatro fatos estilizados do crescimento econômico, a 'Contabilidade do crescimento de Solow', bem como a função de produção Cobb-Douglas, buscou-se dar o embasamento teórico para o modelo utilizado de fato no presente trabalho, que decompôs o crescimento dos diferentes países para identificar qual fator mais contribuiu ou quais fatores de produção mais contribuíram para os diferentes níveis de crescimento econômico dos países analisados. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho baseia-se em pesquisas bibliográficas, que visam primordialmente a fundamentação conceitual e teórica de alguns conceitos utilizados e em pesquisas às diferentes bases de dados históricos referentes aos países e variáveis analisadas. Pode-se afirmar que as principais fontes de consulta foram a 'Penn World Table' da Universidade da Pensilvânia e o Banco Mundial. O estudo irá demonstrar, além dos diferentes níveis de cada um dos fatores (capital humano, físico e progresso tecnológico ou 'TFP – Total Factor Productivity' ) nos países, como cada um desses fatores evoluiu ao longo dos anos e qual a contribuição de cada um nas taxas de crescimento do PIB per capita de cada um dos países analisados. É feito um estudo da variância do crescimento do PIB per capita, onde ficará claro que boa parte das diferenças apresentadas nas taxas de crescimento dos países vem do progresso tecnológico ou da covariância dos fatores, que são progresso tecnológico e o agrupamento do capital físico e humano. Também verificou-se a correlação existente entre a variação do PIB per capita e as variáveis que o compõe, permitindo a visualização do alto grau de correlação existente, principalmente com o progresso tecnológico ou 'TFP'.
This study applies the “Growth Accounting” to Brazil, Chile, China, India and Korea, intending to explain the differences in the GDP per capita growth rates of these countries from 1960 to 2000. Describing the four “Stylized Facts” of Economic Growth, the “Solow Growth Accounting” and also the “Cobb-Douglas” Production Function, a theoretical support for the model was used in the present study, which segmented the different growth rates for the focused countries in order to identify which factor or which factors have contributed more for their different levels of economic growth. The methodology is based on bibliographic research that provided the theoretical support for the analysis and also on historical data research for the countries that are part of this study. The main sources of data were the World Bank and the “Penn World Table” provided by the University of Pennsylvania. The study will demonstrate the different levels of each production factor (human and physical capital and technological progress or “TFP – Total Factor Productivity”) country by country, the evolution of these factors in the period and also how each factor has contributed for the growth of the GDP per capita of the focused countries. Through a variance analysis of the rate of GDP per capita growth, it can be shown that the technological progress and the covariance between technological progress and a composition of physical and human capital, are the main sources which explain the differences in the rates of economic growth. Furthermore, the correlation among the changes in the GDP per capita and the variables which compose that figure that were analyzed, allow for the perception of a high degree of correlation, especially between the GDP per capita growth rate and the “TFP – Total Factor Productivity”.
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Mallen-Pisano, Jérémy. "Dynamique de la productivité et efficience allocative des marchés : Une analyse appliquée à l'industrie française." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0055/document.
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Cette thèse vise à mettre à jour les relations qui existent entre les effets de sélection de marché et les gains de productivité au sein de l'industrie manufacturière française. L'a priori de la recherche est que les marchés en France favoriseraient moins efficacement qu'ailleurs, et notamment qu'aux États-Unis, les réallocations de ressources en faveur des entreprises les plus productives. La thèse propose une exploration empirique de cette hypothèse de travail s'appuyant sur des avancées théoriques récentes dans le champ de la dynamique industrielle, en particulier des modèles de concurrence monopolistique avec distorsions de marché et firmes hétérogènes. L'ensemble des travaux proposés est effectué à partir des données issues de l'Enquête Annuelle d'Entreprises (EAE) Cette base couvre l'ensemble des entreprises manufacturières françaises de plus de 20 employés sur la période 1990 à 2006. Globalement, nos résultats vont donc à l'encontre de notre a priori de recherche. Nous montrons en effet que les effets de sélection de marchés ont fortement contribué à la croissance de la productivité dans les secteurs industriels français, notamment sur la période récente. Nous montrons par ailleurs que les méthodes les plus récentes ne permettent pas de discriminer l'industrie française de l'industrie américaine au regard de critères d'efficience dans l'allocation intrasectorielle des ressources. Nous proposons enfin différentes pistes de réflexions futures notamment liées au développement d'outils plus dynamiques de mesure de l'inefficience allocativeWe research a link between the market selection effects and the productivity growth in the French manufacturing industry. Generally, we suppose that the French market has an allocative inefficiency, especially when comparing it with the American market. To appreciate this hypothesis, we suggest an empirical approach based on recent theoretical contributions in the fields of industrial dynamics, in particular when looking at market distortions and heterogeneous firms within the monopolistic competition models. All work proposals are based on Firm Annual Survey (EAE) data. This Database covers all French manufacturing firms which have more than 20 employees from 1990 to 2006. Overall, our results do not sustain our research hypothesis. Indeed, we find that the market selection effects have strongly contributed to the productivity growth of the French manufacturing industries, in particular in the recent period. On another side, we show that the most recent methods do not allow discriminating between the French manufacturing industries and the American manufacturing industries according to the efficiency criteria of the intrasectoriel resources reallocation process. Finally, we suggest different ways to go further, such as using theoretical dynamic tools including inefficiency allocative measures
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Kitahara, André Ricardo Casale. "Relação entre produtividade total dos fatores e investimento em capital fixo para a economia brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2053.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-06T00:00:00ZO presente trabalho utiliza a teoria do crescimento econômico a fim de analisar a relação das taxas de investimento em capital fixo e a evolução da produtividade total dos fatores no Brasil a partir de 1950 ate 2005. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas abordam-se os estudos de Romer, Arrow, Pires, Solow se apresenta conceitos como o "learning by doing", "spillovers" e decomposição da produtividade a fim de embasar teoricamente o estudo. As pesquisas apontam a importância da variável eficiência sobre a produtividade total dos fatores no caso brasileiro, principalmente durante os anos de incidência de inflação elevada. A metodologia aplicada no trabalho se utiliza dos dados coletados junto ao IPEAdata e Pen World Tables para formação bruta de capital fixo, produto interno bruto e dados populacionais para o cálculo da produtividade total dos fatores seguindo a metodologia proposta por Solow. Utilizam-se os dados calculados para se extrair uma relação matemática entre a produtividade total dos fatores e ao nível de estoque de capital físico. O estudo comprova a relação entre a produtividade e o investimento em capital físico, também fica demonstrada a grande importância da eficiência sobre a produtividade no caso brasileiro.
This work uses the theory of economic development to analyze the relation between capital investment and total factor productivity in the Brazilian economy from 1950 to 2005. Using bibliographic research are found studies of Romer, Arrow, Pires, Solow and present concepts like ìlearning by doingî, ìspilloversî and decomposition of productivity aiming to create some foundation to the study. The research point out the importance of the efficiency over total factor productivity in the Brazilian case, principally over the years of high inflation rates. The applied methodology uses data collected on the IPEAdata database to physical capital formation, gross domestic product, and demographic data to calculate the total factor productivity under Solowës method. The study uses data calculated to extract a mathematical relation between total factor productivity and the level of physical capital. The study shows that in Brazil this relation between investment and productivity do exists and shows also great relevance of efficiency over productivity in the Brazilian case.
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Liu, Tianshu, and tianshu liu@rmit edu au. "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Regional Trade Agreements for Australia and China." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.094213.
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The thesis concentrates on measuring the benefits and losses of implementing regional trade agreements. In particular, the thesis analyses trade flow changes, foreign direct investment inflow changes, industrial total factor productivity changes and specific commodity trade flow changes in Australia and China. Four empirical studies are undertaken. Firstly, the thesis introduces the gravity model to estimate the effect of regional trade agreements on trade flow changes, focusing on thirty-nine countries and areas from seven regional trade agreements during 1980-2004. The results show that there are trade creation and trade diversion effects for various memberships. The results further show that China experiences an export creation effect for its APEC membership while Australia has an import diversion effect for its CER membership. When trade between Australia and China is considered, Australia's CER membership impedes its trade with China. However, both Australia and China benefit from attending APEC jointly to enlarge their bilateral trade. Secondly, a modified gravity model is undertaken to test the impact of regional trade agreements on foreign direct investment inflows to Australia and China. It uses the same regional trade agreements to that of the trade flow study for the period of 1980 to 2004 for Australia and 1985 to 2004 for China. The results show that CER members tend to strengthen their bilateral foreign direct investment cooperation after the implementation of CER trade and investment liberalization. Thirdly, the impact of regional trade agreements is examined on industrial total factor productivity growth. The findings show that industries with comparative trading advantages in both Australia and China tend to improve their total factor productivity upon liberalizing trade both bilaterally and multilaterally. However, industries with comparative disadvantages need more protection against severe foreign competition. It uses data from 1974-75 to 2004-05 for the Australian market sector analysis, from 1968-69 to 1990-2000 for the Australian manufacturing industry analysis, and from 1987 to 2003 for the Chinese industry analysis. Finally, the thesis investigates the impact of regional trade agreements on bilateral commodity trade between Australia and China from 1979 to 2004. A similar gravity model to that of the trade flow study is used, introducing an additional GDP per capita variable to capture the effect of increasing consumers' income on their consumption of particular goods and products type based on product and production characteristics. Both the one-digit and some detailed four-digit commodity classifications described in the Standard International Trade Classification are considered. The results show that participation in regional trade agreements is an important factor that affects Australia's major commodity trade with China. The major contribution of this thesis is the investigation of issues on trade flows and foreign direct investment specifically in Australia and China, together with the studies of the effect of regional trade agreements on industrial total factor productivity improvement and specific commodity trade changes. Due to the increasing pursuit of bilateral and regional economic cooperation in Australia and China, the results of this thesis are of particular importance to both countries in their foreign trade and economic strategies.
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SANGALLI, ILARIA. "THE ITALIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY THROUGH THE GREAT RECESSION: FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, PRODUCTIVITY AND SPATIAL NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10967.
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La crisi finanziaria esplosa nel 2008 è degenerata in un’aspra e duratura ondata recessiva, che ha colpito l’economia reale a livello internazionale. La presente tesi si propone di contribuire alla letteratura econometrica sull’ultima crisi focalizzandosi su due temi ampiamente dibattuti: vincoli finanziari e produttività totale dei fattori. Il manifatturiero italiano si presenta come scenario preferenziale per condurre l’analisi, tenuto conto della struttura produttiva frammentata e della dipendenza delle imprese dal debito bancario. Si cercherà dapprima di analizzare l’impatto dei vincoli finanziari sulle dinamiche manifatturiere durante la crisi, per poi passare a trattare i temi della rigidità finanziaria e degli effetti di contagio che si sono verificati tra le imprese attraverso il canale del credito commerciale, quali determinanti della probabilità di insolvenza. Infine, il tema delle agglomerazioni tra imprese, di tipo geografico e settoriale, sarà analizzato quale fattore cruciale per la formazione di spillover di produttività, insieme alla capacità innovativa del territorio. I risultati confermano il carattere di pervasività dell’ultima recessione, che alterando le dinamiche manifatturiere ha contribuito ad esacerbare gli episodi di insolvenza. Il possedere una base produttiva clusterizzata ed eterogenea può tuttavia rappresentare ancora un punto di forza, persino all’interno di un contesto operativo plasmato dalla crisi.The financial crisis that erupted in 2008 translated into harsh recessionary effects at an international level, that were passed on to the real economy. A solid recovery is still lagging behind. The dissertation contributes to the econometric literature on the great recession by focusing attention on two debated topics: financing constraints and total factor productivity (TFP). The fragmented and strongly bank-dependent Italian production base is a preferred environment to conduct the analysis. The role played by financing constraints as amplifiers of manufacturing dynamics is firstly investigated. As a second step, financial rigidity of firms and contagion effects that occurred via trade credit interconnections are considered, and jointly modelled as core determinants of distress likelihoods by resorting to spatial econometric techniques. In the last section, geographical and sectoral clustering phenomena are spatially analyzed in order to investigate knowledge spillovers at the micro level. Results highlight the pervasive nature of the last crisis. The harshness of the recessionary effects fostered a change in manufacturing equilibria and caused the proliferation of distress episodes. Nevertheless, a clustered production base still represents a driver for the formation of positive externalities.
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Severgnini, Battista. "Essays in Total Factor Productivity measurement." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16195.
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Diese Dissertation umfasst sowohl einen theoretisches als auch einen empirischen Beitrag zur Analyse der Messung der gesamten Faktorproduktivität (TFP). Das erste Kapitel inspiziert die bestehende Literatur über die häufigsten Techniken der TFP Messung und gibt einen Überblick über deren Limitierung. Das zweite Kapitel betrachtet Daten, die durch ein Real Business Cycle Modell generiert wurden und untersucht das quantifizierbare Ausmaß von Messfehlern des Solow Residuums als ein Maß für TFP Wachstum, wenn der Kapitalstock fehlerhaft gemessen wird und wenn Kapazitätsauslastung und Abschreibungen endogen sind. Das dritte Kapitel schlägt eine neue Methodologie in einem bayesianischen Zusammenhang vor, die auf Zustands- Raum-Modellen basiert. Das vierte Kapitel führt einen neuen Ansatz zur Bestimmung möglicher Spill-over Effekte auf Grund neuer Technologien auf die Produktivität ein und kombiniert eine kontrafaktische Zerlegung, die von den Hauptannahmen des Malquist Indexes abgeleitet wird mit ökonometrischen Methoden, die auf Machado and Mata (2005) zurückgehen.This dissertation consists of theoretical and empirical contributions to the study on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement. The first chapter surveys the literature on the most used techniques in measuring TFP and surveys the limits of these frameworks. The second chapter considers data generated from a Real Business Cycle model and studies the quantitative extent of measurement error for the Solow residual as a measure of TFP growth when the capital stock is measured with error and when capacity utilization and depreciation are endogenous. Furthermore, it proposes two alternative measurements of TFP growth which do not require capital stocks. The third chapter proposes a new methodology based on State-space models in a Bayesian framework. Applying the Kalman Filter to artificial data, it proposes a computation of the initial condition for productivity growth based on the properties of the Malmquist index. The fourth chapter introduces a new approach for identifying possible spillovers emanating from new technologies on productivity combining a counterfactual decomposition derived from the main properties of the Malmquist index and the econometric technique introduced by Machado and Mata (2005).
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Mattsson, Pontus. "Essays on total factor productivity (TFP)." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68471.
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This thesis consists of two self-contained empirical essays. Essay I investigates the impact of labor subsidies on TFP, and profit per employee is included as a second outcome. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) is performed on the key variables. After matching, a difference-in-difference (DID) model is applied. The study shows that firms employing workers with wage subsidies experience negative and significant effects on both TFP and profit per employee. Heterogeneity is, however, observed; the only sector to show a deficit in both TFP and profit per employee is wholesale. During the second year with a subsidy, a negative impact can be observed on the profit per employee but not on TFP. The policy conclusion from the analysis is that subsidizing individuals from particular groups is necessary to induce firms to hire workers from these groups. However, the time period for which a single firm is subsidized should be considered. Essay II (with Jonas Månsson from Linnaeus University and the Swedish National Audit Office (SNAO), Christian Andersson from SNAO and Fredrik Bonander from SNAO) measures TFP of the Swedish district courts by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate the Malmquist productivity index for 48 Swedish district courts from 2012 to 2015. This study uses a fully decomposed Malmquist index. A bootstrapping approach is further applied to compute confidence intervals for each decomposed factor of TFP as well as for TFP. The study shows an average annual of TFP by 0.7%. However, a substantial variation between years is observed both with regards to the number of statistically significant courts below and above unity. The negative impact is mainly driven by pure technical regress. Large variations are also observed over time where the small courts have the largest volatility. The TFP change is positively correlated with the rate of change in the caseload. Two recommendations are: 1) that district courts with negative TFP growth could learn from those with positive TFP growth and 2) that a back-up force could be developed to enhance flexibility.
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Thangavelu, Shandre Mugan. "Technology adoption, government intervention, and total factor productivity growth." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20590.pdf.
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Naz, Amber. "Total Factor Productivity and Trade : A Panel Data Study /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2008. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2008/20030435.pdf.
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Kidsom, Akaranant. "Total factor productivity and economic growth in East Asia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402890.
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This thesis is an empirical and theoretical study of the causes in the rapid economic growth of selected East Asian economies (i.e. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) during the years 1971-2000. Firstly, we set out a nonparametric estimations of the Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of the aforementioned countries. It can be concluded that the estimated TFPGs of these countries are higher than that of the US. This implies that the TFP gaps between the East Asian countries and the US have narrowed. An increase in productivity of human capital-augmented labour rather than an increase in that of physical capital is suggested to be a dominant factor in explaining the rising ofTFP in the selected East Asian economies. Secondly, to quantify the extent to which the TFP gaps have narrowed, we estimate the relative TFP levels of the selected East Asian countries and the US. Both parametric and non-parametric estimations show that the US remains as the country with the highest TFP level. However, apart from South Korea, the rate of change in the US's TFP level was lower than the catching-up East Asian countries especially Japan. Thus, the economic growth miracle of the selected East Asia economies might be explained by the productivity convergence between the countries and the advanced country (i.e. the US) rather than just input accumulation. We construct a theoretical model to explore differences in TFP levels across countries using a framework based on interaction between labour unions, government policies, and TFP levels. Model simulation suggests that the presence of monopoly rights reduce the productivity level by 2/3. Moreover, an increase in the competition from substitute products helps tackle the resistance from insiders yielding higher productivity of the incumbent firms. Nonetheless, with a strong labour union of an industry, the introduction of new firms (with the same output) competing in the market may have an adverse effect on the firms' productivity level. Lastly, to promote an increase in the productivity level of a nation, a policy encouraging a wider choice of final products offered to consumers is recommended.
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Chau, Kwong-wing, and 鄒廣榮. "Total factor productivity of the building industry of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232152.
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LeSage, James P., and Manfred M. Fischer. "The impact of knowledge capital on regional total factor productivity." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3953/1/SSRN%2Did1088301.pdf.
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This paper explores the contribution of knowledge capital to total factor productivity
differences among regions within a regression framework. The dependent variable is total factor
productivity, defined as output (in terms of gross value added) per unit of labour and physical
capital combined, while the explanatory variable is a patent stock measure of regional
knowledge endowments. We provide an econometric derivation of the relationship, which in the
presence of unobservable knowledge capital leads to a spatial regression model relationship. This
model form is extended to account for technological dependence between regions, which allows
us to quantify disembodied knowledge spillover impacts arising from both spatial and
technological proximity. A six-year panel of 198 NUTS-2 regions spanning the period from
1997 to 2002 was used to empirically test the model, to measure both direct and indirect effects
of knowledge capital on regional total factor productivity, and to assess the relative importance
of knowledge spillovers from spatial versus technological proximity. (authors' abstract)
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Chau, Kwong-wing. "Total factor productivity of the building industry of Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12997924.
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Rasamit, Thanattaporn 1978. "The aggregate analysis of logistics cost and total factor productivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28576.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).
The study surveys the relationship of logistics cost and total factor productivity (TFP). The paper discusses the theoretical aspect of TFP growth estimation and the concept of logistics cost as percentage of GDP as the factor indicating efficiency in logistics operations. Calculation of TFP from 1960-2001 is obtained by using growth accounting method. Linear regression analysis between logistics cost and TFP shows significant correlations with negative coefficient between TFP and inventory level of the same year. It also shows correlation with negative coefficient of one-year lagged TFP and following independent variables, logistics cost, inventory level, inventory carrying rate, and inventory carrying cost. Correlation implies the link between logistics efficiency and economy's productivity. Line fit plot for each significant correlation show the common time period of 1973-1986 for the series, which suggests that periods of recession and trucking deregulation might cause abrupt qualitative changes in logistics operations.
by Thanattaporn Rasamit.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Galarza, Francisco B., and J. Guillermo Díaz. "Total Factor Productivity in the Peruvian Agriculture: Estimation and Determinants." Economía, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116883.
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In this article, we propose an estimation of the agriculture productivity using micro data forPeru. The method used builds on recent production function’s estimation techniques developed for panel data (e.g., Gandhi et al., 2013) but using cross-section data. Data constraints urge us to impose functional forms for the estimation. In particular, we choose the constant elasticity of substitution function, which is more flexible that other functions used by prior literature in Peru (such as the Cobb-Douglas). We find no evidence of the existence of increasing returns to scale in the Peruvian agriculture, and that the productivity is positively correlated with age, sex, andeducation, and negatively correlated with the farming unit’s acreage and market power.En este artículo, proponemos la estimación de la productividad agrícola usando datos micro-económicos para el Perú. El método consiste en la estimación de una función de producción agraria, que permite recuperar la productividad como un residuo, y constituye una aplicación directa de desarrollos metodológicos recientes en la estimación de funciones de producción con datos de panel (e.g., Gandhi et al., 2013), pero aplicado en este artículo a datos de sección cru- zada. Debido a la menor información disponible para la estimación con respecto al caso de datos de panel, recurrimos a supuestos de formas funcionales. En particular, se escoge la función de elasticidad de sustitución constante, que permite una mayor flexibilidad que otras formas usadas previamente en la literatura empírica nacional, como la Cobb-Douglas. Encontramos que no hay sustento para la hipótesis de la existencia de retornos crecientes a escala; que la productividad está positivamente correlacionada con la edad, el sexo, y la educación; y negativamente relacionadacon el tamaño de la unidad agropecuaria y el poder de mercado.
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Myoga, Maya. "Comparisons of Total Factor Productivity in the U.S. Electric Industry." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/344.
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Since the onset of the recession in the 1970's, consumers have frequently expressed frustration with what appear to be ever-increasing utility bills, blaming what they perceive as unnecessarily high rates on industry inefficiency. From the industry perspective, inefficiency is not only the problem which has developed since the recession. The more critical issue is the industry's transition from a noncompetitive environment to a competitive one. In the past, the electric utility industry did not have to compete because each utility operated in an exclusive service territory, and each was regulated by the government. However, currently the industry is experiencing increased competition, both indirect and direct. The indirect competition has taken the form of alternative energy sources such as natural gas and such new technology sources as solar, wind, co-generation power, etc. Electric utility companies have also experienced direct competition among themselves for industrial and commercial customers. The latter has resulted because the price of electricity significantly influences management decisions about where to locate their plants. Thus, efficient operation of electric generation is an extremely important task both for customers and industry. Productivity measures, then, are vital to the industry's economic well-being. This study used three different models to measure and compare the total factor productivity of 95 electric utility companies from 1974 to 1984: the translog econometric model, the superlative index model, and the Craig and Harris model. First, the translog econometric model was applied to Investigate characteristics of the production structure for the electric utility industry. Next, the total factor productivity was calculated using each of the three models. Finally, the superlative index model was applied for bilateral and multilateral comparisons to the following categories: industry as a whole, six regions, five types of generation, and four different output levels.
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Glazyrina, Anna. "Contribution of Public Investments and Innovations to Total Factor Productivity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29848.
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This study examines the importance of public research and development (R&D) expenditures and innovations (prices) to U S agricultural productivity employing panel vector error correction econometric technique Specifically, time-series and panel unit root tests, panel cointegration procedures, panel causality tests, and vector error correction model are used in the analysis. Empirical application to U S state-level data for 1960-2004 suggests positive and statistically significant influence of both supply-side
drivers, in the form of public R&D expenditures, and demand-side drivers, in the form of innovations (prices), on total factor productivity growth.
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Adeeko, Omotara Oluwatosin. "ESSAYS ON EFFICIENCY AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1934.
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This dissertation examines efficiency and total factor productivity in developing countries. The three chapters of the dissertation are summarized as follows: In the first chapter, we examine, the technical efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in African economies over the period 1990 to 2017. Also, factors that contribute to technical inefficiency are examined and the TFP growth is decomposed into technological progress, the scale component, and the change in technical efficiency. This is important for the designing of policies that will help improve the performance of these economies. The study also looks at country groups, i.e. former French and British colonies, and members and non-members of the West African Monetary and Economic Union (WAEMU) to understand differences in the level of efficiency. For the second chapter, using data from 14 Nigerian commercial banks for the period of 2005 to 2017, we examine what happens to the level of efficiency of these banks after the banking reforms are implemented in 2005. A more efficient flexible Fourier stochastic frontier analysis for cost function was adopted to measure the efficiency parameters. We find there exists about a 30% gap between efficient cost level and current cost level suggesting a substantial inefficiency. We also observe signs of technological progress in the banking sector of Nigeria. The efficiency level crucially depends on the size of the bank and the functional differences in the scope of the banks. Lastly, in the third chapter, we estimate the technical efficiencies and total factor productivity (TFP) growth of selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh from five rounds of survey: 1982/83, 1984/85, 1988/89, 2005/06 and 2012 are estimated using the stochastic frontier model. The result shows that, on average, technical efficiency was 80%. Furthermore, TFP growth is decomposed into technological progress, scale component, and efficiency growth. It is noted that export oriented industries are more efficient than import oriented industries, also, small sized industries have higher TFP growth than medium and big sized industries. The estimates of TFP growth indicate that productivity in Bangladeshi manufacturing industries was at 5.5% for the period in review. The decomposition of TFP indicates that technological progress is a major contributor to growth.
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Al-Khawaldeh, Khleef A., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Total quality management and productivity in industrial corporations in Jordan." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_AlKhawaldeh_K.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/409.
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The purpose of this analytical study is to determine the degree of application of Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy and practices in the industrial corporations in Jordan. Through detailed examination of primary and secondary empirical data from these corporations, the study examines the link between TQM and labour productivity. The population of the study consists of all Jordanian shareholding corporations listed under the industrial category in Amman Stock Exchange. In late 1998, this consisted of a total of 90 companies. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed in investigating the relationship between TQM implementation and labour productivity. Detailed survey responses from 76 participating companies were classified into two groups: high-level TQM implementation and low-level TQM implementation. About 60% of these companies were classified as companies with high-level TQM. Descriptive analysis of the survey responses plus company report data found that mean labour productivity measurements for companies with high-level TQM were significantly higher than for those with low-level TQM over the years (1993-1998). Also mean growth rates of labour productivity measurements for companies with high-level TQM were higher than for those with low-level of TQM during this period. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between TQM and labour productivity. This relationship showed a high positive slope in companies with ISO 9000 certification, and considerably lower (but still positive) slope in companies without ISO 9000 certification.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Al-Khawaldeh, Khleef A. "Total quality management and productivity in industrial corporations in Jordan /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030408.095020/index.html.
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Adesokan, Muhideen Bolaji. "Overcoming unboundedness in Malmquist productivity measures : emprical tests of the mamquist total factor productivity index." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31122.
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The widely applied non-parametric Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is beset by Unboundedness under variable returns to scale technology assumptions. Potentially, this leads to inaccurate productivity measurements. The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MTFP) has been proposed as an alternative index for overcoming Unboundedness and has seen applications at the firm level. I extend the body of knowledge on these two indexes by applying them both to aggregate level data to examine the extent to which they are beset by Unboundedness and furthermore by decomposing the MTFP. Furthermore I address the pervasive gap in the literature on the relative performance of global regions. This level of study has received little attention while much work has been done on the relative performance of individual nations. I find that the MTFP completely overcomes Unboundedness whereas the 5% of distance functions computed with the MPI are subject to the problem. In addition there is a statistically significant difference between the variable returns to scale (VRS) MTFP and MPI. There is a similarly significant difference between the variable returns to scale MTFP and the constant returns to scale MPI that has been widely used as its proxy. Thus I conclude advocating the use of the MTFP where the production relation being examined is best characterised by variable returns to scale technology assumptions. The Far East region was found to have achieved best performance in the 1980 -- 1999 period. There is an indication, albeit tenuous, that the regions with organised economic blocs achieve relatively high levels of performance.
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Henry, Michael. "Empirical essays on trade openness, total factor productivity growth and efficiency." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13764/.
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This thesis is concerned with understanding the factors responsible for the vast differences in per capita income levels and growth rates evident across countries. As part of this inquiry, it examines the role played by international trade both singly and in combination with geography, institutions and foreign R&D. One line of inquiry revisits the contentious issue of the relationship between trade openness and growth. It examines this issue from two standpoints. First, the sensitivity of the openness-growth nexus to alternative measures of TFP growth is considered. This approach departs from previous research on this subject which has focused mainly on the right hand side variables, namely the measures of openness and other growth determinants. Drawing on the current competing arguments over the performance of homogeneous versus heterogeneous estimators, three alternative sets of TFP growth estimates were generated; one for the each of the extremes of heterogeneity and homogeneity and an intermediate measure. Despite being highly correlated amongst themselves and with alternative TFP estimates generated by other researchers, we find some of the measures used to proxy trade openness are sensitive to the measurement of TFP growth. Moreover, this sensitivity extends to other dimensions such as whether one performs cross-section or panel estimations and whether one assumes the openness indicators to be exogenous or endogenous. Our preference however, is for panel estimations with the alternative proxies for trade openness entered simultaneously instead of sequentially. Second, the nature of the openness-growth relationship is examined by searching for contingent relationships between these two variables, linked to geography and institutional quality. Of the alternative methods employed for capturing contingent effects, we argue that the endogenous threshold model of Hansen (2000), best captures these effects. Using this methodology, we find evidence in support of contingent relationships between trade openness and natural barriers (institutional quality). More specifically, we find that there exists threshold level(s) of natural barriers and institutional quality above and below which the contribution to TFP growth from openness differs. However, support for the latter finding is weaker than that for the former. A separate line of inquiry simultaneously examines the role of trade in the diffusion of foreign technology (embodied in capital goods) and its effect on technical efficiency levels. Using the methodology of stochastic frontier analysis which allows for such a dual consideration, we find evidence that trade and trade policy openness have contributed positively to both technology diffusion and raising efficiency levels in developing countries. Additionally, coinciding with improvements in the policy environment and trade liberalisation there is evidence of convergence in efficiency levels amongst developing countries.
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Ferreira, Mariana Fialho. "Essays on multi-country economic growth and sectoral total factor productivity." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17649.
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In this thesis, we offer an alternative - and perhaps more appropriate - analytical setup for estimating sectoral total factor productivity (TFP). The artificial economy uses inputs from different sectors in producing every commodity, which is either used as an input or consumed by the representative agent in a general equilibrium framework. This input-output structure is suitable for a wide range of exercises, which can be performed using datasets that only recently became available. In the first chapter, we construct 35-activity TFP indices and level series for a group of 40 countries, which responds for more than 85% of world GDP, and aggregate data to construct country-level and 3-sector indices and level series. Our findings suggest that, in most of the countries, the services sector not only has presented higher productivity than industry, but also that these differences are getting larger over time. These results are at odds with some widely known conclusions, which have been drawn from labor productivity data by previous work in the field. It occurs mainly because our framework enables us to quantify the influence of all productive inputs on total factor productivities. In chapter 2, we aim to evaluate the quantitative importance of sectoral cost shares in explaining sectoral and aggregate productivity growth. To this end, we perform a comparative analysis concerning sectoral and country-level TFP growth rates in the USA and in Brazil and conduct two sets of counterfactual exercises. The main purpose of these exercises is to assess to what extent changes in the cost shares associated with intermediate uses of outputs affect sectoral and aggregate total factor productivity growth. As a result of the first set of exercises, we find that the best outcomes - in terms of enhancing TFP growth - seem to be achieved when we replace Brazil's shares of its domestic industry in the total cost of its industry by the corresponding cost shares of the US economy, since they are able to improve TFP in a higher number of activities and, as a result, to boost TFP growth rates in all three sectors and in total economy. From the second set of counterfactuals, we conclude that the optimum choice of international suppliers, as well as the trade-off between domestic and imported inputs, as prescript by the model, are consistent with a more flourishing productivity scenario. Chapter 3 investigates the main determinants of economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), considering changes on last decade's economic environment and measuring the relative importance of favorable external conditions and of proper public policies. We estimate a growth equation using generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators designed for dynamic models of panel data and, from the estimated coefficients, we assess the contribution of each group of determinants to expected change on economic growth rates. At last, we conduct a counterfactual exercise, aiming to evaluate to what extent enabling terms of trade were responsible for recent LAC's economic growth. We find that this variable was, indeed, a significant determinant for latin american countries' economic growth over the last decade.
Nesta tese, oferecemos uma abordagem alternativa - e talvez mais apropriada - para a estimação da produtividade total dos fatores (PTF) setorial. Nossa economia artificial utiliza insumos produzidos por diferentes setores para produzir cada um dos bens, os quais, por sua vez, podem ser empregados como insumo ou consumidos pelo agente representativo em um arcabouço de equilíbrio geral. Essa estrutura de insumo-produto é adequada a uma ampla gama de exercícios, que podem ser desenvolvidos usando bases de dados que foram disponibilizadas apenas recentemente. No primeiro capítulo, construímos séries em nível e índices de produtividade para 35 atividades e 40 países, que respondem por mais de 85% do PIB mundial, e séries agregadas para países e para os 3 setores da economia. Nossos resultados sugerem que, na maioria dos países, o setor de serviços não apenas apresentou produtividade mais alta do que a indústria, mas também que a diferença de produtividade entre esses dois setores está aumentando com o passar do tempo. Esses resultados vão de encontro a algumas conclusões amplamente conhecidas, as quais foram elaboradas a partir de dados sobre a produtividade do trabalho. Isso ocorre principalmente pelo fato de a nossa abordagem possibilitar a mensuração da influência de todos os insumos produtivos sobre a produtividade total dos fatores. No capítulo 2, nós buscamos avaliar a importância quantitativa dos cost shares setoriais para o crescimento da produtividade setorial e agregada. Para tanto, realizamos uma análise comparativa relacionando as taxas de crescimento da PTF setoriais e agregadas dos EUA e do Brasil, e conduzimos dois conjuntos de exercícios contrafactuais. O principal propósito desses execícios é avaliar em que medida mudanças nos cost shares associados com o uso intermediário de produtos afetam o crescimento da produtividade setorial e agregada. A partir do primeiro conjunto de exercícios, concluímos que os melhores resultados - em termos de elevações no crescimento da PTF - parecem ser alcançados quando substituímos as participações da indústria doméstica brasileira no custo total de sua indústria pelos cost shares norte-americanos correspondentes, uma vez que elas são capazes de melhorar a PTF em um maior número de atividades e, consequentemente, estimular as taxas de crescimento da produtividade em todos os três setores e no agregado da economia. A partir do segundo conjunto de contrafactuais, concluímos que a escolha ótima de fornecedores estrangeiros, assim como o trade-off entre insumos domésticos e importados, como prescritos pelo modelo, são consistentes com um cenário de produtividade mais próspero. O capítulo 3 investiga os principais determinantes do crescimento econômico da América Latina e Caribe (LAC), levando em conta alterações no ambiente econômico da última década e contrastando a importância relativa de condições externas favoráveis com a de políticas públicas adequadas. Nós estimamos a equação de crescimento utilizando estimadores de métodos de momentos generalizados (GMM) desenvolvidos para modelos dinâmicos de dados em painel e, a partir dos coeficientes estimados, investigamos a contribuição de cada um dos grupos de determinantes para a variação esperada do crescimento econômico. Por fim, conduzimos um exercício contrafactual, objetivando quantificar em que medida os termos de troca favoráveis foram responsáveis pelo crescimento econômico recente da região da LAC. Nós concluímos que essa variável foi, de fato, um determinante significativo para o crescimento econômico dos países latino-americanos ao longo da década passada.
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Tocco, Claudio. "An analysis of the determinants of total factor productivity in China." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11361/.
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In this study, I analyse total factor productivity (TFP) and its determinants in Chinese industrial firms. The results from the system-GMM estimation indicate the existence of increasing returns to scale and a positive impact on firms’ TFP arising from technological change. Moreover, the following factors were found to be determinants of higher TFP levels in most industries: lack of political affiliation, paid-in capital share owned by investors other than the State, Marshallian and Jacobian spillovers, age, marketing capabilities, internal liquidity and industrial competition. The results from the TFP growth decomposition indicate an annual average TFP growth of 9.68% across Chinese industrial firms during the period of 1998-2007. This was largely determined by the reallocation of resources across existing firms. From a policymaking perspective, measures targeting the previously mentioned determinants are likely to spur firms’ TFP and consequently drive national long-run economic growth.
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Lam, Sut Ngo. "Import demands, term of trade effects and total factor productivity in Australia." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555704.
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LeSage, James P., and Manfred M. Fischer. "Estimates and inferences of knowledge capital impacts on regional total factor productivity." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3961/1/SSRN%2Did1681316.pdf.
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This paper explores the contribution of knowledge capital to total factor productivity
differences among regions within a regression framework. We provide an econometric
derivation of the relationship and show that the presence of latent/unobservable regional
knowledge capital leads to a model relationship that includes both spatial and technological
dependence. This model specification accounts for both spatial and technological dependence
between regions, which allows us to quantify spillover impacts arising from both types of
interaction. Sample data on 198 NUTS-2 regions spanning the period from 1997 to 2002 was
used to empirically test the model, to measure both direct and indirect effects of knowledge
capital on regional total factor productivity, and to assess the relative importance of knowledge
spillovers from spatial versus technological proximity. (authors' abstract)
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Salam, Naveeda. "Trade reforms : total factor productivity and profitability of manufacturing sectors in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/837.
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The effect of Pakistan's trade liberalization on total factor productivity and profitability is empirically investigated over a period of 15 years. Total factor productivity is measured for eight major sectors separately and TFP parameter estimates are derived for each sub sector individually. Parameters are estimated by following Levisohn & Petrin (2003) method which takes into account the simultaneity bias inherent in a particular level of total factor productivity and selection of inputs for a panel data set covering a period 1980-95. Technical efficiency is also measured for the same panel data and time period for four major sectors by stochastic production frontier time varying model, in order to complement the estimation of total factor productivity. Price cost margins are also measured for all the sectors to indicate the profitability of the sectors. In the second stage estimation total factor productivity and time varying technical efficiency estimates are related to a variety of trade related variables in the presence of sector specific variables which serve as control variables. The empirical results are mixed. A positive relationship between productivity and liberalization had been hypothesised but the evidence is not unanimously supportive of a positive relationship. Price cost margins are also empirically related to trade variables, plus some structural and sector specific variables. The results are informative about the effect that trade related policies have been exerting on the profitability of the sectors. Restrictive trade policies appear to have shaped a particular industrial structure which seems to limit the effect of trade liberalization policies on the price cost margins. The overall evidence suggests that trade liberalization reforms have no substantial effect on total factor productivity of the manufacturings ectors. This is due to the absence of enabling environment caused by non implementation of complementary reforms in education,infrastructure and competitive policies aimed at discouraging the monopoly powers. There is need for further research to conduct the same analysis with firm level data using entry and exit rates and relate the total factor productivity, turnover and trade liberalization in order to arrive at a definitive conclusion about the role of entry barriers that crept into the manufacturing industries by either deliberate policy making or through by products of trade protection.
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Nawi, Abdol Samad. "Essays on total factor productivity, international trade, business cycles and mark-up." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442764.
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Jehan, Zainab. "Monetary policy rules, total factor productivity growth and uncertainty : an empirical assessment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4574/.
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This dissertation explores how uncertainty a�ffects diff�erent facets of an economy through three empirical essays. First, we presents an analytical framework to examine the policy reaction function of a central bank in an open economy context while allowing for asymmetric preferences. This implies that the policy makers can weigh negative and positive deviations of target variables (inflation and output gap) from their corresponding targets di�fferently. We use an open economy New-Keynesian forward looking model where aggregate demand and supply depend on real exchange rate. Using quarterly data ranging from 1979q1-2007q4 for Canada, Japan, the UK and the US, the empirical evaluation is drawn through generalized methods of moments. The results strongly favor the presence of asymmetries in the response of monetary policy towards both inflation rate and output gap for all sample countries. The estimates show that central banks follow an active monetary policy. Also, there is evidence that changes in foreign interest rate and exchange rate �significantly aff�ects the domestic monetary policy formation. Second, we examine the role of various sources of uncertainty on total factor productivity growth. Specifi�cally, this essay estimates the role of of uncertainty emanating from global, country, and industry level on TFP growth in manufacturing industries of sixteen emerging economies. For this purpose, we use annual data covering the period from 1971-2008. Our fi�ndings suggest a signifi�cant impact of each source of uncertainty on TFP growth. Particularly, we observe that industry and country specifi�c uncertainty have a positive impact on TFP growth of manufacturing industries. However, global uncertainty has statistically signifi�cant and negative impact on TFP growth. We also provide evidence that the impact of industry speci�fic uncertainty strengthens as the size of industry increases whereas the reverse holds for both country specifi�c and global uncertainty. In addition, we observe that the positive impact of both industry and country speci�fic uncertainty gets stronger at higher levels of factor intensity. Third, we examine the role of of uncertainty of technology diff�usion in TFP convergence of manufacturing industries of frontier and non-frontier countries. For this purpose, we use annual data covering the time period from 1981-2008, eighteen manufacturing industries of fi�ve emerging economies. We employ superlative index number approach to compute the TFP level and growth in manufacturing industries of these countries. Our �findings suggest a signi�ficant evidence of TFP convergence in manufacturing industries of non-frontier and frontier countries. Moreover, technology diff�usion not only pertains a positive impact on TFP growth of manufacturing industries of non-frontier countries but also facilitates the process of TFP convergence. More importantly, we report a signi�ficant negative impact of uncertainty of technology diff�usion on the TFP growth.
41
Lusigi, Angela Musimbi. "Productivity in African agriculture : measuring and explaining growth." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267417.
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Suhariyanto. "Productivity growth, efficiency and technical change in Asian agriculture : a Malmquist index analysis." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298849.
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Eklund, Tomas. "Productivity Changes in Eastern Europe? : What lies behind the economic growth?" Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-353.
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There is something happening in Central Eastern Europe and the Baltic
States. There is an economic boom and the GDP is growing. But, what causes the economy to grow? Is the explanation factor accumulation or is there a technologic growth. The long-term growth in East Asia from 1960 to 1997 was misinterpreted by many. The purpose of this thesis is to determine how large the total factor productivity growth has been in Central Eastern Europe and the Baltic States between 1996 and 2001. The stated purpose is being tested by using growth accounting.
The result differs between countries; some countries have a strong technological growth while others’ GDP growth is dependent on factor accumulation. The result of the latter, if it will continue, is a downturn in the GDP growth since it is not viable in the long term.
Vad är det som händer i Centrala Östeuropa och de Baltiska staterna? Deras ekonomier växer, men frågan är vad tillväxten kommer ifrån. Är det faktorackumulation eller teknologisk tillväxt? Den långvariga tillväxten i Östra Asien från 1960-talet fram till slutet av 1990-talet misstolkades av många. I den här uppsatsen undersöks vad som ligger till grund för tillväxten i de tidigare kommunistländerna.
Med hjälp av ”growth accounting” estimeras vad var och en av kapital, arbetskraft och teknologisk utveckling bidrar med till utvecklingen.
Resultatet var inte likartat för alla undersökta länder. Vissa länder hade en stark teknologisk tillväxt under den undersökta perioden, medan andra länders tillväxt enbart berodde på faktorackumulation. Resultatet av den senare, om detta kommer att fortsätta, är att tillväxten kommer att avta då faktorackumulerad tillväxt inte är långsiktig.
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Fischer, Manfred M., Thomas Scherngell, and Martin Reismann. "Knowledge spillovers and total factor productivity. Evidence using a spatial panel data model." Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3954/1/SSRN%2Did1102228.pdf.
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This paper investigates the impact of knowledge capital stocks on total
factor productivity through the lens of the knowledge capital model proposed by
Griliches (1979), augmented with a spatially discounted cross-region knowledge
spillover pool variable. The objective is to shift attention from firms and
industries to regions and to estimate the impact of cross-region knowledge
spillovers on total factor productivity (TFP) in Europe. The dependent variable is
the region-level TFP, measured in terms of the superlative TFP index suggested
by Caves, Christensen and Diewert (1982). This index describes how efficiently
each region transforms physical capital and labour into output. The explanatory
variables are internal and out-of-region stocks of knowledge, the latter capturing
the contribution of cross-region knowledge spillovers. We construct patent stocks
to proxy regional knowledge capital stocks for N=203 regions over the 1997-
2002 time period. In estimating the effects we implement a spatial panel data
model that controls for the spatial autocorrelation due to neighbouring regions
and the individual heterogeneity across regions. The findings provide a fairly
remarkable confirmation of the role of knowledge capital contributing to
productivity differences among regions, and add an important spatial dimension
to the discussion, by showing that productivity effects of knowledge spillovers
increase with geographic proximity. (authors' abstract)
45
Promwong, Kitiping. "An analysis of the sources of productivity growth and competitiveness in Thailand's manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367079.
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Kambham, Kalpalatha. "Performance and Total PM Emission Factor Evaluation of Expendable Abrasives." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/385.
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Dry abrasive blasting is one of the most widely used methods of surface preparation. Air emissions from this process include particulate matter (PM) and metals. Spent abrasive generated from this process may be hazardous in nature. With increasing concern on health effects due to silica emissions from sand, use of alternative materials is suggested by health and regulatory agencies. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance of expendable abrasives and determine PM emission factors. Dry abrasive blasting was performed in an enclosed chamber and total PM samples were collected. Three commonly used expendable abrasives, coal slag, copper slag and specialty sand, were used to evaluate cleaner alternatives. Blast pressure and abrasive feed rate, two important process conditions were varied to study their effect on performance of an abrasive. Productivity, consumption and emission factors (performance parameters) were calculated and their variation with pressure and feed rate was evaluated. Two dimensional and three dimensional predicted models were developed to estimate the performance at intermediate blast pressure and feed rate conditions. Performance of the three abrasives was compared with respect to emission potential, productivity and consumption. Emission factors developed in this research will help in accurate estimation of total PM emissions and to select cleaner abrasives and optimum process conditions that will results in minimum emissions and reduced health risk. The productivity and consumption models will help is estimating life cycle costs including material cost, equipment cost, energy cost, labor costs, waste disposal cost, and compliance costs. Consumption models will also help in determining the quantity of spent abrasive generated, identify abrasives with lower material consumption, and identify process conditions that generate minimum spent abrasives. In addition, these models will help industries in making environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP), which results in pollution prevention and cost reduction.
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Eldarassi, Abdella. "The role of economic diversification in controlling macroeconomic volatility and stimulating total factor productivity growth." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1779.
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This dissertation consists of three chapters dealing with a vital economic issue, especially in developing countries, namely diversification. The first chapter deals with the effect of economic diversification on the effectiveness of policies and governance to control macroeconomic volatility. Besides, we test the effect of the MENA region on these relationships. We employed a Generalized method of moments and fixed effect methods to estimate the model using data from 63 developing countries including 16 MENA. The results suggest that conservative monetary and fiscal policies, and more openness help to reduce volatility. Similarly, good governance helps developing countries to achieve more macroeconomic stability. As the role of diversification, the findings show that more diversified countries have less volatility, and diversification promotes the effectiveness of policies and governance to reduce volatility. However, this role will be less if the country belongs to the MENA region. The second chapter studies the relationship between economic diversification and total factor productivity in Arab economies from 1995 to 2016. also, we try to find out whether governments' attempts to influence TFP are affected by the degree of economic diversification? This paper also highlights differences, in terms of the type and magnitude, between oil-exporter and non-oil-exporter countries. We use dynamic panel data, GMM, and fixed effect estimations. the main findings show that economic diversification has a positive impact on TFP, this effect differs between countries according to the level of FDI, institutional quality, policies، and the size of the oil sector. The third chapter addresses one of the most important potential determinants of economic diversification, which is the foreign direct investment? We investigate the ability of foreign investments to help Arab countries to diversify their economies in terms of both output and export diversification. Similarly, we try to investigate the role of oil existence on the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic diversification. The results suggest that, in general, whereas FDI has a positive effect on export diversification, it may hurt output diversification.
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Ribeiro, João Manuel Gonçalves. "The contribution of total factor produtivity for the portuguese economic growth : 1960-2008." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9221.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraA relevância do tema "O contributo da Produtividade Global dos Fatores sobre o crecimento económico português entre 1960 e 2008" deve-se essencialmente ao dado momento socio-económico que Portugal enfrenta. Consciente desse fenómeno, decidimos estudar as principais forças do crescimento económico português, mais precisamente, o nosso objetivo foi perceber se o crescimento económico português foi resultado do aumento da acumulação dos fatores de produção, como alguns autores afirmam, ou se foi baseado no aumento da combinação eficiente desses inputs (isto é, se a Produtividade Global dos Fatores foi o principal dinamizador do crescimento económico) Assim, decidimos analisar o lado da oferta da economia, no longo prazo. Através da função de produção Cobb-Douglas estimamos a contribuição da PGF no crescimento económico Português entre 1960 e 2008. Podemos concluir que a PGF teve um impacto positivo no crescimento económico português entre 1960 e 2008, dado que é estatisticamente significativa para 5% e 10%; o stock de capital teve um impacto positivo no crescimento económico português, além disso, este tem sido o principal impulsionador do crescimento económico português; Embora o Capital humano não tenha um impacto positivo no crescimento do PIB, achamos que um investimento continuo no capital humano deve ser feito porque afetará de forma positiva no crescimento do PIB, mas esse efeito só será visivel de forma indirecta.
The relevance of the theme ?The contribution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) for the Portuguese economic growth between 1960 and 2008? happens essentially because of the social-economic moment currently faced by Portugal. Aware of this phenomena, we decided to study the main forces of economic growth, more precisely, our aim was to understand if this growth was either a result of increase inputs factors accumulation, as many authors affirm, if it was rather based on an increase in the efficient combination of inputs (i.e., if the TFP was the main force of the observed growth). Thus, we decide to analyze the supply side of the economy as driver of the Portuguese economic growth in the long-run. Through the Cobb-Douglas production function we estimate the contribution of TFP on the Portuguese Economic Growth between 1960 and 2008. We can concluded that the TFP had a positive impact over the GDP growth for the period between 1960 and 2008, given the statistical significance of 5% and 10%; the stock of capital had a positive impact over the Portuguese economic growth, furthermore this has been the main driver for the economic growth, more recently; Although the human capital had not any impact for the GDP growth we think that the continuous investment at the human capital should be done because it will be a positive effect on the GDP growth, but those effects just can be seeing on the GDP growth from indirect way.
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Karaduman, Alper. "Data Envelopment Analysis And Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (tfp) Index: An Application To Turkish Automotive Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607821/index.pdf.
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This thesis shows how the relative efficiency of automotive companies can be evaluated and how the changes in productivity of these companies by time can be observed. There are 17 companies in the analysis which are the main automotive manufacturers of Turkish automotive industry. A method called stepwise approach is used to determine the input and output factors. The two input variables used are the company&rsquos Payment for Raw Materials and Components and Payment for Wages and Insurances of Employees
the three output variables are Domestic Sales, Exports and Capacity Usage. The panel data that covers the time period between years 2001 and 2005 is obtained from OSD (Automotive Manufacturers Association). The efficiency analysis is performed according to basic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models which are Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) models and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) models. The software LINGO 10 is used for solving the linear programming models. After finding the overall efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of each company for each year, the changes in the efficiencies are analyzed by using Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Index. The results are illustrated by the help of many tables and graphs for better understanding. When the results in tables and graphs are analyzed, the negative effect of 2001 economic crisis on automotive industry can be observed. Besides, it is seen that the efficiency changes by time show variance from company to company because they produce 7 types of vehicles and there are important differences between them such as production technology, market, demand, etc.
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Kwon, Chang Beum. "The determinants of total factor productivity growth in Korea and Singapore moving from perspiration to inspiration /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/647752960/viewonline.
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