Relevant bibliographies by topics / Industrial steel storage rack

Academic literature on the topic 'Industrial steel storage rack'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Industrial steel storage rack"

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Rafiqul Haque, A. B. M., and M. Shahria Alam. "Direct Displacement-Based Design of Industrial Rack Clad Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 1311–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/080611eqs195m.

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A rack clad building (RCB) is a type of warehouse building system built using steel storage racks as the seismic force resisting system. Generally, these rack systems are larger and taller compared to the conventional steel storage racks commonly used in warehouses. These buildings have peripheral racks that can support the claddings. These rack systems possess some unique properties, such as the members built using thin-walled perforated steel sections and the beam-to-column connection utilizing a teardrop connector in the down-aisle direction. Due to the pinched-type hysteretic behavior of these connections, the structure shows unique behavior under lateral loading. To date, very little research has been carried out to determine the seismic performance of an RCB. Current building codes have no provisions for designing a RCB against seismic loading. This study presents a direct displacement-based design (DDBD) procedure for designing these structures in the down-aisle direction.
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Riumin, V., Y. Solodovnik, and K. Riumina. "DETERMINATION OF BASE PLATE STIFFNESS OF STEEL STORAGE RACKS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 171 (October 17, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-4-171-63-69.

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In recent trends the development of structural steel using cold formed steel section plays a vital role in main frame construction of portal frames. These frames find its use in the construction of economic industrial, agricultural and residential buildings due to its lightweight and robustness. With the major claims in comparison with hot rolled steel profiles, cold formed steel possesses low cost, highly versatile with standard design procedures. Among various structural designs, industrial storage racks are the most prominent structures constructed using cold formed steel. It has been widely incorporated with the rational space utilization in warehouses and factories for goods storage. These rack systems have been classified as static and dynamic types. The adjustable pallet rack was found to be the commonly used static system. It consists of transversal beams and column upright which is grounded with base plate connections. This system provides the stability in down aisle direction. The beams (stringers) have boxed cross-sections while columns (uprights) are open thin walled perforated to accept the tabs of beam end- connectors, which join beams and columns together without bolts or welds. This paper addresses the problem of determining the stiffness and strength of steel storage rack base plate assemblies. Base plate assemblies are usually bolted to an upright and to a concrete floor, and they are used to provide resistance against the flexural buckling of the upright and/or the overall down-aisle buckling of the frame. The semi-rigid stiffness is usually determined by means of a test of two pre-loaded uprights connected to a concrete block in a dual-actuator set-up. Guidance for conducting the test is provided in the European Standard EN 15512. However, several aspects of the test need clarification, notably the test set-up and the transducer arrangement for measuring the rotations of the base plate. Keywords: storage rack, base plate assembly, initial rotational stiffness.
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Neiva, Luiz, Juliane Aparecida Braz Starlino, Guilherme Elias, Arlene Maria Cunha Sarmanho, and Vinícius Nicchio Alves. "Industrial storage system continuous perforated uprights: a combined design proposal." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 2 (2022): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.2.204.

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Brazilian standards for design of cold-formed steel (ABNT NBR 14762:2010, 2010) and design of pallet racks (ABNT NBR 15524-2:2007, 2007) have different procedures to determine the strength of columns under axial compression, using different buckling curves. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of using cold-formed Brazilian standard buckling design curve instead of the formulations of the pallet-rack design standard to study the use viability of the equations in the calculation procedure for computing the uprights compressive strength. This strength was calculated in four ways: one using the original equations of pallet-rack Brazilian standard, and the other three using adaptations of the buckling curve from the cold-formed steel design standard. A theoretical and numerical procedure based on finite element analysis concerning local, global, and distortional buckling and imperfections was performed. Furthermore, experimental results were also consulted to determine the effective area of studied cross-sections considering the effects of local buckling and the presence of continuous perforations. The results show that the proposed modifications are consistently correlated to the results obtained using the original equations of ABNT NBR 15524, indicating the viability of using the buckling curve of ABNT NBR 14762.
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Sarawit, Andrew T., and Teoman Peköz. "Notional load method for industrial steel storage racks." Thin-Walled Structures 44, no. 12 (December 2006): 1280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2007.01.003.

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Álvarez, Oscar, Nelson Maureira, Eduardo Nuñez, Frank Sanhueza, and Ángel Roco-Videla. "Numerical Study on Seismic Response of Steel Storage Racks with Roller Type Isolator." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010158.

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This research evaluates the effectiveness of using a roller-type base isolation device with tensile strength in reducing the dynamic response of industrial steel storage racks. These were subjected to a seismic input acting separately in both directions of the structure. The seismic record obtained from the earthquake that occurred in Llolleo, Chile, on 3 March 1985, was used as input. This earthquake was scaled in the frequency domain, adjusting its response spectrum to coincide with the design spectrum required by NCh2745. In the calculations of this spectrum, the most hazardous seismic zone (zone 3) and soft soil (soil III) that amplifies the effect of the low frequencies of the earthquake were considered. These frequencies are the ones that have the most affect on flexible structures such as high racks and systems with base isolation. Numerical time-history analyses were performed in fixed base racks and base isolation racks. In both cases, the models include semi-rigid connections with capacity for plastic deformation and energy dissipation. Parametric analyses were carried out considering the most relevant variables, using an algorithm programmed in MATLAB software. The maximum relative displacement, maximum basal shear load, and maximum absolute floor acceleration were considered as responses of interest. The results showed the effectiveness of using the base isolation device by reducing the absolute accelerations between approximately 75% and 90%, compared to the same fixed rack at its base. This makes it possible to reduce the vulnerability of the stored load to overturn under the action of a severe earthquake.
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Crosier, Jeff, Mark Hannah, and David Mukai. "Damage to steel storage racks in industrial buildings in the Darfield earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.43.4.425-428.

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On September 8, a team investigated damage to industrial structures in Christchurch due to the Darfield Earthquake. While there was very little damage to structures regardless of age and framing system, damage to steel storage racks varied from no damage to complete collapse. This paper reports on the observations about the damage to steel racks, reviews pertinent design standards, and makes some preliminary conclusions about the performance of steel storage racks in the Darfield earthquake.
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Jeon, Jong-Su, Hyoungsuk Choi, Youngdeuk Seo, Chunggil Kim, and Gwanghee Heo. "Seismic Performance of Steel Industrial Storage Racks Subjected to Korea Earthquakes." Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea 22, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5000/eesk.2018.22.3.149.

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Basaglia, Cilmar, and Dinar Camotim. "Buckling Analysis of Thin-Walled Steel Structural Systems Using Generalized Beam Theory (GBT)." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 01 (January 2015): 1540004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415400040.

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This paper deals with the application of beam finite element models based on generalized beam theory (GBT) to analyze the buckling behavior of four thin-walled steel structural systems, namely (i) beams belonging to storage rack systems, (ii) pitched-roof industrial frames, (iii) portal frames built from cold-formed rectangular hollow section (RHS) profiles and (iv) roof-supporting trusses, exhibiting different support conditions and subjected to various loadings. In particular, taking advantage of the GBT unique and structurally clarifying modal features, it is possible to assess how different geometries and/or bracing arrangements affect (improve) the local, distortional and/or global buckling behavior of the above structural systems. The accuracy of the GBT-based buckling results is assessed through the comparison with values yielded by rigorous shell finite element analyzes carried out in the code ANSYS. In spite of the disparity between the numbers of degrees of freedom involved, which are orders of magnitude apart, there is a virtual coincidence between the critical loads and mode shapes provided by the GBT (beam) and ANSYS (shell) finite element analyzes.
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Clifton, Charles, Michel Bruneau, Greg MacRae, Roberto Leon, and Alistair Fussell. "Steel structures damage from the Christchurch earthquake series of 2010 and 2011." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 44, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.4.297-318.

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This paper presents preliminary field observations on the performance of selected steel structures in Christchurch during the earthquake series of 2010 to 2011. This comprises 6 damaging earthquakes, on 4 September and 26 December 2010, February 22, June 6 and two on June 13, 2011. Most notable of these was the 4 September event, at Ms7.1 and MM7 (MM as observed in the Christchurch CBD) and most intense was the 22 February event at Ms6.3 and MM9-10 within the CBD. Focus is on performance of concentrically braced frames, eccentrically braced frames, moment resisting frames and industrial storage racks. With a few notable exceptions, steel structures performed well during this earthquake series, to the extent that inelastic deformations were less than what would have been expected given the severity of the recorded strong motions. Some hypotheses are formulated to explain this satisfactory performance.
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Freitas, A. M. S., M. S. R. Freitas, and F. T. Souza. "Analysis of steel storage rack columns." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 61, no. 8 (August 2005): 1135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.02.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Industrial steel storage rack"

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Bernardi, Martina. "Industrial steel storage racks subjected to static and seismic actions: an experimental and numerical study." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/322402.

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Industrial steel storage racks are pre-engineered lightweight structures commonly used to store goods from supermarkets to big warehouses. These systems are framed structures, usually made of cold-formed steel profiles and characterised by non-standard details. Their performance is quite complex and the prediction of their global response is more difficult than for the traditional steel frames. This difficulty is due to the racks’ main features: the use of cold-formed thin-walled steel sections which are sensitive to different buckling modes, the presence of regular perforation patterns on the uprights, the highly non-linear behaviour of joints, the influence of the structural imperfections and the significant frame sensitivity to second order effects. The behaviour of racks becomes even more complex when seismic or accidental events induce significant horizontal forces acting on the structures. The complexity and variability that characterise racks make it difficult to identify general design solutions. Hence, racks design is traditionally carried out by using the “design by testing” approach, which requires the experimental characterisation of the main structural components, of the joints and the sub-assemblies. The complexity of the racks also affects their numerical modelling, which results in complex analyses that must take into account all the aforementioned features. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the study of a typical steel pallet rack, identified as case study. The research aims to contribute to building up a comprehensive knowledge of the response of both the main rack components and of the whole structure. The main rack components were first individually studied. The behaviour of the uprights, of the base-plate joints and of the beam-to-column joints was experimentally investigated. The experimental data were then taken as reference for the calibration of FE models that enabled exploring each component’s performance. These models were then incorporated into the whole rack model. The response of the uprights was first investigated through stub column tests. The non-negligible interaction between axial force and bending moment of the upright response was then experimentally and numerically analysed to define the M-N domains. In addition, the rules provided by different European standards for the design of isolated members subjected to combined axial load and bending moment were considered and critically compared, identifying the main critical issues of the different design approaches. Although the contribution of joints on the rack global response is of paramount importance, to date, the knowledge is quite limited. In particular, the experimental studies of the behaviour of base-plate joints are still rather modest, especially for the cyclic range. Therefore, an experimental campaign on the rack base-plate joints was carried out: three levels of axial load were considered and the response in both the down-aisle and the cross-aisle direction was investigated under monotonic and cyclic loadings. Similarly, the beam-to-column joint was tested both monotonically and cyclically, taking into account its non-symmetric behaviour. Numerical models for both joint types were developed and validated enabling the characterisation of joints in the monotonic and cyclic range. This in-depth knowledge of the response of individual components facilitated the evaluation of the global rack behaviour. As a final stage of the research, full-scale tests of four-level two-bay racks were performed taking advantage of an innovative full-scale testing set-up and, on the basis of the experimental outcomes, the racks’ global behaviour was numerically investigated. Critical standards issues and needs for future research were further identified.
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Gusella, Federico [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiele, and Maurizio [Akademischer Betreuer] Orlando. "On the mechanical behavior of steel rack connections and its influence on the seismic response of industrial storage systems / Federico Gusella ; Klaus Thiele, Maurizio Orlando." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225038286/34.

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Gusella, Federico Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Thiele, and Maurizio [Akademischer Betreuer] Orlando. "On the mechanical behavior of steel rack connections and its influence on the seismic response of industrial storage systems / Federico Gusella ; Klaus Thiele, Maurizio Orlando." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225038286/34.

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Koen, Damien Joseph. "Structural Capacity of Light Gauge Steel Storage Rack Uprights." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3880.

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This report investigates the down-aisle buckling load capacity of steel storage rack uprights. The effects of discrete torsional restraints provided by the frame bracing in the cross-aisle direction is considered in this report. Since current theoretical methods used to predict the buckling capacity of rack uprights appear to be over-conservative and complex, this research may provide engineers an alternative method of design using detailed finite element analysis. In this study, the results from experimental testing of upright frames with K-bracing are compared to finite element predictions of displacements and maximum axial loads. The finite element analysis is then used to determine the buckling loads on braced and un-braced uprights of various lengths. The upright capacities can then be compared with standard design methods which generally do not accurately take into account the torsional resistance that the cross-aisle frame bracing provides to the upright. The information contained in this report would be beneficial to engineers or manufacturers who are involved in the design of rack uprights or other discretely braced complex light gauge steel members subject to axial loads.
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Koen, Damien Joseph. "Structural Capacity of Light Gauge Steel Storage Rack Uprights." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3880.

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Master of Engineering (Research)
This report investigates the down-aisle buckling load capacity of steel storage rack uprights. The effects of discrete torsional restraints provided by the frame bracing in the cross-aisle direction is considered in this report. Since current theoretical methods used to predict the buckling capacity of rack uprights appear to be over-conservative and complex, this research may provide engineers an alternative method of design using detailed finite element analysis. In this study, the results from experimental testing of upright frames with K-bracing are compared to finite element predictions of displacements and maximum axial loads. The finite element analysis is then used to determine the buckling loads on braced and un-braced uprights of various lengths. The upright capacities can then be compared with standard design methods which generally do not accurately take into account the torsional resistance that the cross-aisle frame bracing provides to the upright. The information contained in this report would be beneficial to engineers or manufacturers who are involved in the design of rack uprights or other discretely braced complex light gauge steel members subject to axial loads.
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Gao, Yuan. "Seismic Evaluation and Performance Enhancement of Industrial Storage Racks." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1354905983.

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Sabzehzar, Saman. "SEISMIC DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF BASE ISOLATED STEEL STORAGE RACKS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case14847725697335.

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Talebian, Nima. "Upright Frame Shear Stiffness and Upright Biaxial Bending in the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Storage Rack-Supported Buildings." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381685.

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Steel storage racks are commonly used worldwide to store goods on pallets and represent freestanding structures to design. Recently, a new type of storage systems has gained popularity in which the rack system supports both the building enclosure and the stored goods. These new rack structures are referred to as “rack-supported buildings” or “clad racks”. Due to combined actions of wind loading and stored pallets, uprights undergo a combination of biaxial bending and compression. Existing design rules may not be adequate for this type of combined loading. Furthermore in clad racks, as the outer rack frames must withstand cross-aisle horizontal actions due to wind loading, accurately determining the transverse shear stiffness of the upright frames is essential. Indeed, this stiffness is needed in calculating the elastic buckling load, performing earthquake design and serviceability checks. This thesis is motivated by the two aforementioned aspects relative to clad racks and investigates first the factor affecting the transverse shear stiffness of steel storage rack upright frames and second the biaxial bending behaviour of the uprights. International racking design specifications recommend different approaches to evaluate the shear stiffness. The Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI) specification conservatively uses an analytical solution based on Timoshenko and Gere's theory while the European (EN15512) and Australian (AS4084) specifications recommend experimental testing to be conducted. Discrepancy between Finite Element Analyses (FEA) and experimental test results is likely attributed to the local deformations occurring at the bolted joints. In the first part of this thesis, an advanced FEA model to accurately capture the transverse shear stiffness of upright frames is developed and verified against published experimental test results. Based on the FE model, the factors contributing to the transverse shear deformation of the frames with Cee-bracing members are quantified and discussed for lip-to-lip and back-to-back bracing patterns. In cold-formed steel structures international specifications, a linear interaction equation is typically used to account for members subject to biaxial bending and may be inaccurate. In the second part of this thesis, the biaxial bending capacity of the uprights is experimentally investigated and the actual interactive relationship between bending of the uprights about the major and minor axes, for local and distortional buckling is determined. Two types of regularly perforated and non-perforated storage rack uprights are investigated. An advanced finite element model to determine the biaxial bending capacity of cold-formed steel storage rack upright sections is validated against the experimental tests and parametric studies are performed to analyse the biaxial response of slender, semi-compact and compact unperforated storage rack upright cross-sections in local and distortional buckling failure modes only. The results from the parametric studies are used to verify the accuracy of different forms of published direct strength method (DSM) equations.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Dai, Liusi. "The Hysteretic Behaviour of Beam-to-upright Connections and Their Role in Predicting the Structural Response of Steel Storage Racks under Seismic Action." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19645.

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The objective of the research is to investigate the hysteretic behaviour of beam-to-upright connections commonly used in cold-formed steel storage racks, and their role in predicting the structural response of steel storage racks under seismic action. The mechanical beam-to-upright connections are commonly utilised for their convenience in assembly and adjustment. Steel storage racks are slender structures which are sensitive to the second-order effect. The static and dynamic performance of rack structures are thus significantly influenced by the behaviour of connections. Due to the complex nature, current design of beam-to-upright connections largely depends on experiments which are comparatively expensive and time-consuming. To overcome the disadvantages of conducting experiments, this study apply the Component Method to predict the flexural behaviour of beam-to-upright connections in terms of the rotational stiffness and the load-displacement behaviour of main deformable components. Another knowledge gap in research of rack structures is the cyclic behaviour of connections. Cyclic tests on two widely used connection types are carried out considering different geometric details. The deformation characteristic and moment-rotation relationships of test specimens are recorded in the experiments. Moreover, based on experimental and analytical results, Pinching4 model is employed to characterise the hysteretic behaviour of the connections, and the corresponding model parameters are proposed. Furthermore, finite element models of connections incorporating fracture simulations are established and verified against the experimental results. Parametric studies are conducted to determine the effects of various parameters. Taking advantage of the finite element analysis software, the proposed hysteretic model of connections is applied in the dynamic analysis of rack structures to improve the accuracy of transient dynamic analysis of racks under seismic loading.
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COSTA, GIULIA. "Accelerated carbonation of minerals and industrial residues for carbon dioxide storage." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1003.

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Le reazioni di carbonatazione di specifiche tipologie di minerali e materiali di diversa origine, come ad esempio malte cementizie o calce, costituiscono un ben noto processo naturale che produce una serie di significativi effetti sugli stessi materiali alcalini, ed in particolare: lo stoccaggio di CO2 mediante la formazione di una fase carbonatica solida e termodinamicamente stabile, la riduzione del pH e modifiche del comportamento alla lisciviazione del materiale, oltre alla variazione di alcune proprietà fisiche e meccaniche. Dato che le cinetiche di reazione sono in genere molto lente in condizioni naturali, per sfruttare alcuni dei sopradetti effetti dell’invecchiamento chimico, come la stabilizzazione chimica di alcune tipologie di residui e lo stoccaggio minerale di CO2, sono stati investigati e sviluppati specifici processi di carbonatazione accelerata selezionando e controllando le condizioni operative in modo tale da incrementare significativamente le cinetiche di reazione. In funzione dell’applicazione del processo e della tipologia di materiale selezionato, sono state sperimentate diverse condizioni operative e differenti tipologie di trattamento (gas-solido, ad umido, ecc.). Il principale obiettivo della presente tesi di dottorato è stato quello di studiare sperimentalmente i processi di carbonatazione accelerata applicati sia a minerali che a residui industriali, così da ottenere nuove indicazioni relative ai meccanismi fondamentali influenzanti il processo per ogni tipologia di materiale analizzato. Lo studio del processo di carbonatazione accelerata di minerali ha riguardato in particolare gli effetti della presenza di CO2 ad alta pressione (fino a 100 bar) e di alcuni sali sulla cinetica di dissoluzione dell’olivina a 120 °C in un reattore agitato a flusso continuo per analizzare se queste sostanze esercitino un effetto positivo o al contrario limitante nei confronti della cinetica di dissoluzione del Mg. Esperimenti di carbonatazione in modalità batch su materiale umidificato (con rapporti liquido/solido <1 l/kg) sono stati eseguiti in condizioni operative blande (temperatura di 30-50 °C e pressione di CO2 pari a 1-10 bar) su residui di incenerimento di rifiuti solidi, in particolare scorie di fondo e ceneri volanti, e su scorie della produzione di acciaio inossidabile. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro sono stati essenzialmente: la stima della capacità di sequestro ottenibile per ogni tipologia di residuo industriale correlata alla dimensione granulometrica e alla composizione chimica del campione; lo studio dell’influenza dei principali parametri operativi (temperatura, pressione e rapporto liquido solido) sulla cinetica di reazione; e ad ultimo l’analisi degli effetti della carbonatazione sulla mineralogia ed il comportamento alla lisciviazione dei residui. Lo studio della cinetica di dissoluzione dell’olivina ha mostrato che, per tutte le condizioni operative esaminate (pH variabile tra 3 e 8), l’unico fattore controllante il tasso specifico di dissoluzione è risultato essere il pH della soluzione. Dunque la pressione parziale dell’anidride carbonica e la salinità hanno mostrato di influenzare la cinetica di dissoluzione solo indirettamente, variando il valore finale del pH della soluzione. Questo risultato appare significativo, poiché implica che la precipitazione dei carbonati, che ha luogo in presenza di CO2 ad elevata pressione e valori di pH maggiori di 6, e la dissoluzione dell’olivina potrebbero essere teoricamente essere eseguiti nello stesso reattore, senza effetti di inibizione sulla cinetica di dissoluzione del magnesio. Per quanto concerne gli effetti della carbonatazione accelerata sul comportamento alla lisciviazione dei residui alcalini esaminati, significativi risultati sono stati ottenuti in particolare per i residui di incenerimento; per entrambi i materiali, la carbonatazione accelerata ha mostrato di esercitare un importante effetto di immobilizzazione nei confronti di Pb, Zn e Cu, i quali sono risultati essere elementi critici in termini di rilascio per entrambe le tipologie di residui tal quali. Per le ceneri volanti, i risultati ottenuti dalla modellazione geochimica dei dati ricavati dai test di lisciviazione condotti a pH variabile hanno mostrato una variazione nelle fasi minerali controllanti la solubilità di vari elementi tra campioni tal quali e campioni carbonatati. Per le ceneri trattate con CO2, il rilascio di metalli è risultato chiaramente controllato da una varietà di fasi carbonatiche, indicando la potenzialità di questo processo di convertire le iniziali fasi minerali contenenti i metalli in fasi carbonatiche meno solubili, con positive implicazioni per il comportamento ambientale di questa tipologia di residui. Significativi sequestri di CO2 sono stati ottenuti in particolare per le ceneri volanti (250 g/kg residuo); comunque, data l’esiguità dei quantitativi di questo materiale rispetto alle emissioni complessive di CO2 generate tipicamente negli impianti di incenerimento, il processo di carbonatazione su questa tipologia di residui, come sulle scorie di fondo, non risulta essere un processo efficace per lo stoccaggio di CO2. La carbonatazione accelerata di scorie di acciaieria è risultata invece una tecnica potenzialmente molto interessante per il sequestro minerale dell’anidride carbonica generata dallo stesso impianto industriale, per quanto condizioni operative più severe rispetto a quelle adottate nel presente studio dovrebbero essere applicate per incrementare il sequestro di CO2.
Carbonation of specific types of minerals and anthropogenically derived products, such as cement or lime binders, is a well known naturally occurring process which exerts several significant effects on alkaline materials, including specifically: CO2 uptake by formation of a solid and thermodynamically stable carbonate phase, pH decrease and modifications of the leaching behaviour of the material, besides variations of some of its physical and mechanical properties. Since the kinetics of this reaction is very slow at ambient conditions, to exploit some of the above mentioned effects of chemical weathering for developing specific engineered processes, such as waste chemical stabilization and CO2 mineral storage, carbonation processes carried out under selected and controlled operational conditions have been developed, in order to significantly increase the kinetics of the reactions involved. Depending on the application of the process and the selected material, different operating conditions have been employed and several process routes have been tested. The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the accelerated carbonation process applied both to minerals and industrial residues in order to gain new insight on the key reaction mechanisms for each type of material. Regarding accelerated carbonation of minerals, the effects of the presence of high pressure CO2 (up to 100 bar) and salinity on olivine dissolution kinetics at 120 °C in a stirred flow-through reactor were specifically investigated, in order to assess whether these parameters may exert an enhancing or inhibiting effect on the kinetics of Mg dissolution. Batch carbonation experiments on humidified material (with liquid to solid ratios < 1 l/kg) at mild operating conditions (temperature of 30-50 °C and CO2 pressure of 1-10 bar) were specifically carried out on waste incineration residues such as bottom ash (BA) and air pollution control (APC) residues, as well as on stainless steel slag. The objectives of this study were essentially threefold: to assess the CO2 storage capacity achievable for each type of industrial residue correlating it to the particle size and to the chemical composition of the samples; to study the influence of the main operational parameters (temperature, pressure and liquid to solid ratio) on reaction kinetics; and finally to investigate the effects of carbonation on the mineralogy and leaching behaviour of the residues. The study on olivine dissolution kinetics showed that, under all the examined operating conditions (pH range 3-8), the only factor governing the specific dissolution rate was the pH of the solution. Hence CO2 pressure and salinity appeared to influence olivine dissolution kinetics only indirectly, by affecting the final pH of the solution. This is a significant finding, since it implies that carbonate precipitation, which occurs in presence of high pressure CO2 at pH values above 6, and olivine dissolution could theoretically be carried out in the same reactor without inhibition effects on Mg dissolution kinetics. As for the effects of accelerated carbonation on the leaching behaviour of the studied alkaline residues, significant results were obtained in particular for the BA and APC residues; for both types of materials, accelerated carbonation showed to exert a strong immobilization effect on Pb, Zn and Cu, which were among the critical elements in terms of heavy metal leaching for both types of untreated residues. For APC ash, chemical speciation modelling indicated a change in the solubility-controlling minerals from the untreated to the carbonated ash. For the latter, metal release was found to be clearly controlled by a number of carbonate minerals, indicating the potential of the carbonation process to convert the initial metal-containing minerals into generally less soluble carbonate forms, with positive implications on the environmental behaviour of the ash. Significant CO2 uptakes were achieved in particular for the APC ash (250 g/kg residue); however, owing due to the meagre quantities of this material generated in incineration plants compared to CO2 emissions, accelerated carbonation of this type of industrial residues, as well as of bottom ash, does not appear to be a feasible process for CO2 storage. Accelerated carbonation of stainless steel slag instead, appears to be an interesting technique for carrying out mineral storage of carbon dioxide in industrial facilities using part of the waste streams generated in the same plant, although more severe operating conditions than those used in this work should be applied in order to increase the CO2 uptake of the slag.
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Books on the topic "Industrial steel storage rack"

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Safety in the storage and handling of steel and other metal stock. Sudbury: HSE Books, 2004.

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Digrado, Brian D., and Gregory A. Thorp. Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.

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Digrado, Brian D., and Gregory A. Thorp. The Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook. Wiley, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Industrial steel storage rack"

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Baldassino, N., M. Bernardi, R. Zandonini, and A. di Gioia. "Full-scale tests of industrial steel storage pallet racks." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 881–86. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-144.

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Baldassino, N., M. Bernardi, R. Zandonini, and A. di Gioia. "Full‐scale tests of industrial steel storage pallet racks." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 309–10. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-144.

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Dai, L., and X. Zhao. "Experimental investigation on steel storage rack beam-to-upright connections under cyclic loading." In Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 1068–73. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315641645-176.

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Guerrini, Gabriele, Francesco Graziotti, and Andrea Penna. "Shake-Table Tests on an Industrial Steel Rack Isolated with Innovative Modular Devices." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 853–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21187-4_74.

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Huang, Z., X. Zhao, and K. S. Sivakumaran. "Experimental investigation of the rack-to-bracing joints between the high-rise steel storage rack frames and the independent bracing towers." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 1001–5. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-163.

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Huang, Z., X. Zhao, and K. S. Sivakumaran. "Experimental investigation of the rack-to-bracing joints between the high-rise steel storage rack frames and the independent bracing towers." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 347–48. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-163.

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Chasapi, Margarita. "The Eurocode Approach to Seismic Design of Liquid-Filled Steel Storage Tanks." In Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities, 391–401. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_33.

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Huang, Z., X. Zhao, and K. S. Sivakumaran. "Experimental tests on the rack-to-spine-bracing joints of high-rise steel storage racks." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 907–12. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348443-148.

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Huang, Z., X. Zhao, and K. S. Sivakumaran. "Experimental tests on the rack-to-spine-bracing joints of high-rise steel storage racks." In Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems, 317–18. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348450-148.

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Nagy, Zsolt, and Annabella Sánduly. "Upright Base Connection Impact on Structural Design of Steel Storage Rack Systems in Seismic Zones." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1124–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03811-2_125.

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Conference papers on the topic "Industrial steel storage rack"

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Bernuzzi, Claudio, and Marco Simoncelli. "Advanced seismic design for storage pallet rack steel frames." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081415.

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Alavi, Babak, and Akshay Gupta. "Performance-Based Seismic Design of an Industrial Storage Rack System." In Structures Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41016(314)204.

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Huang, Sheng, Oon Peen Gan, Sethu Jose, and Mo Li. "Localization for industrial warehouse storage rack using passive UHF RFID system." In 2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2017.8247643.

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He, Xiaoming, Ziqiang Zhu, Changlei Shao, and Ran Huang. "Additive Manufacturing of Spent Fuel Storage Rack Model by Selective Laser Melting." In ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nuclrf2018-7409.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) can fabricate 3D complex functional parts, which can reduce material waste and increase manufacturing efficiency significantly. These benefits make AM technique suitable for some critical industry applications. Confident application of the AM technique requires whole understanding of AM parts’ properties. Safety and economics are essential to nuclear power plant. In this study, an innovative 316L stainless steel spent fuel storage rack with integrative structure was designed, and a small model of this rack was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), mechanical properties of the 316L stainless steel manufactured by SLM technique are studied and discussed. Key technical issues of application of AM to manufacturing nuclear parts are also discussed.
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Gabbianelli, Giammaria, Daniele Perrone, Emanuele Brunesi, and Ricardo Monteiro. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Steel Industrial Storage Tanks." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84961.

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Abstract Storage tanks represent one of the most critical components in industrial facilities and building plants, when considering the occurrence of seismic events. The release of dangerous materials, due to their collapse, can be a safety issue in terms of both human life and environmental impact. This paper carries out a seismic performance assessment of a liquid-storage tank installed in an industrial steel moment-resisting frame building. The seismic performance is gauged in terms of fragility curves, which are provided for different limit states affecting the liquid-storage tank. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed using two different modelling approaches: the first explicitly accounts for the tank-structure interaction; the other considers the tank as only modelled as a seismic mass. The results discuss the importance of the modelling assumptions to estimate the seismic demand on liquid-storage tanks and corresponding fragility models for different intensity measures. Absolute acceleration floor response spectra are also analysed in detail, concerning the demand characerization. Finally, the study indicates that the intensity measure adopted for secondary components (i.e. peak floor acceleration) is not necessarily optimal threfeore future developments should produce updated fragility curves for non-structural elements, using better performing intensity measures.
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Huang, Sheng, and Zheng Hua Shi. "An Application of Autonomous Learning Multimodel System for Localization in Industrial Warehouse Storage Rack." In 2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning And Applications (ICMLA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2019.00097.

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Baldassino, Nadia, Martina Bernardi, and Riccardo Zandonini. "An experimental investigation on base-plate joints of steel storage pallet racks." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0594.

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<p>Adjustable storage pallet racks are framed structures commonly made of cold-formed steel profiles. The performance of these structures is strongly influenced by the beam-to-column and the base- plate joints behaviour. The key role of joints is even more significant in seismic loading conditions. The complexity of their non-linear and non-symmetric behaviour calls for their experimental characterisation both in monotonic and cyclic range. In recent years, attention has been paid to the study of beam-to-column joints, while the knowledge on the base-plate joints response is still quite limited. This gap is even more evident when the cross-aisle (transversal) direction and the cyclic range are considered. The research presented in this paper focuses on the monotonic and cyclic experimental response of a typical rack base-plate joint, tested both in down-aisle (longitudinal) and cross-aisle direction. The main features and outcomes of the study are presented and discussed.</p>
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Johnson, David H., Robert J. Michael, Michael C. Pollino, Joseph D. Redovan, Eric E. Moser, and Blake A. Macdonald. "Development of a Seismic Isolation System for Commercial Storage Racks." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89112.

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This paper provides an overview of an analysis performed on a new base isolation system developed for seismic isolation of steel pallet storage racks. Pallet storage racks are often found in warehousing for material storage and are designed to store materials on pallets in horizontal rows with multiple levels which are accessed by forklift trucks. The new isolation system provides seismic isolation in the cross-aisle direction by incorporating heavily damped elastomeric bearings (referred to here as seismic mounts) and low-friction bearing plates. The objective of the base isolation system is to reduce horizontal accelerations of the rack to eliminate product shedding and structural damage during a major earthquake without interfering with normal, day-to-day material handling operations. The paper presents a summary of numerical results (transient structural, finite element analysis simulation) comparing storage rack response against actual tests performed on a triaxial shake table in the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) at the University at Buffalo (see Filiatrault[1] et al. 2008 for comprehensive test details). The simulation model was then used to determine a set of optimal seismic isolation parameters that satisfy the practical range of rack shelf loads and configurations that can be expected in typical warehouse and store installations.
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A., Di Carluccio, Fabbrocino G., and Manfredi G. "Full Stress Analysis of Steel Storage Industrial Equipments under Seismic Loading." In 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-6218-3_ss-fr006.

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LYU, Zhi Jun, Pei Cai ZHAO, Qian XIANG, Meng WU, and Jun GU. "NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STEEL STORAGE RACK BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS." In The 16th World Conference on Seismic Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Active Vibration Control of Structures. Russian Association for Earthquake Engineering and Protection from Natural and Manmade Hazards, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2686-7974-2019-16-952-961.

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Reports on the topic "Industrial steel storage rack"

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Muelaner, Jody Emlyn. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021004.

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With the current state of automotive electrification, predicting which electrification pathway is likely to be the most economical over a 10- to 30-year outlook is wrought with uncertainty. The development of a range of technologies should continue, including statically charged battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and EVs designed for a combination of plug-in and electric road system (ERS) supply. The most significant uncertainties are for the costs related to hydrogen supply, electrical supply, and battery life. This greatly is dependent on electrolyzers, fuel-cell costs, life spans and efficiencies, distribution and storage, and the price of renewable electricity. Green hydrogen will also be required as an industrial feedstock for difficult-to-decarbonize areas such as aviation and steel production, and for seasonal energy buffering in the grid. For ERSs, it is critical to understand how battery life will be affected by frequent cycling and the extent to which battery technology from hybrid vehicles can be applied. Unsettled Issues in Electrical Demand for Automotive Electrification Pathways dives into the most critical issues the mobility industry is facing.
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