Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrial sociology – China'

The interaction of the personnel boundary in inter-firm relationship management is viewed as particularistic in China instead of universalistic as in many Western cultures. Specifically, guanxi networks, the Chinese system of inter-personal relationship, have strong strategic implications for business interactions. The practices of guanxi and the social norms associated with guanxi are complicated. On the one hand, guanxi practices can be traced back to Confucianism; on the other hand, guanxi???s significance has been changing in line with China???s economic reform. In this research, we have attempted to find what presently constitutes good guanxi in inter-firm relationship management against this dynamic backdrop. Additionally, from the transaction cost economies (TCE) perspective, we provide an analysis that guanxi-based business practices offer transaction cost advantages as an alternative to market-based practices. We argue that such advantages partially result from guanxi???s effect on the reduction of opportunist behaviors. Backed up by 97 questionnaire responses from firms in Shanghai and 15 semi-structured interviews, our study confirms that, in inter-firm relationships management, trust, affection and long-term orientation are features of close guanxi. To enhance guanxi quality, familiarization by self-disclosure and the presence of mutual benefits are also necessary, providing practical implications for business practitioners in China. Our study also indicates that guanxi business partners are expected to be obligational in business and flexible in contingencies. Opportunistic behaviors can be mitigated by adopting guanxi practices, supporting the TCE logic. In an absence of a rationalized legal system, guanxi may fill the gaps in the enforcement of the written contract.N

China’s achievement of developing a vigorous market economy is based on Chinese communist party (CCP)’s top-down reform and opening-up policies since 1978. Meanwhile, political reform of the second largest economy in today’s world is continuously delayed. Without an agenda of bringing democracy and regulation-making process into workplaces, China’s state-owned enterprises were swiftly transformed to be profit-oriented economic entities with managerial supremacy. As an authoritarian regime still run by communist party, China has to negotiate with its own socialist tradition, which entails not only restructuring labour relations in workplaces but its national ideology. This study explores Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) politics of labour management in China’s local state sector. With use of multiple qualitative inquiring techniques, the study selects two state-owned corporations located in Shanghai region as cases, and provides an in-depth analysis on Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) politics of managing labour force formulation as well as re-shaping employment relationship within those transitioning SOEs. The study is expected to illuminate the diversity within and across regions and industrial sectors in China. Also, these case studies suggest that CCP adopts pragmatic approaches over labour managing matters so as to ensure its sovereign influence. I will argue that the key to understand SOEs’ management rebuilding is CCP’s governing tradition of co-option and elite selection, which is a prolong legacy that has shaped the party’s personnel managing system since revolutionary era. It is also hoped that the findings of my empirical research will lead to theoretical discussion on China’s path of industrial relations in future: if such dynamic managerialism in the state sector is able to guarantee further delays of workplace political liberalisation of labour relation, or not.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Toshi Kii, committee chair; Jenny Heying Zhan, Charles Gallagher, Douglas Reynolds, Kim Reimann, committee members. Electronic text (273 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 11, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-259).

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)
This research analyses the Chinese production in the Industrial Cluster of Manaus Free Zone, focusing on the production pattern and work management. In recent years, significant changes have been operating within the global production chain as a result of the massive displacement of Chinese capital towards the various regions of the globe. Brazil and, more specifically, the Amazon has been one of the main destinations of these Chinese investments. An empirical proof of these metamorphoses of global capital is the arrival of a set of Chinese factories at the Industrial Cluster of Manaus (PIM) from the beginning of the year 2000. In order to understand the meaning of this on the organization of local work, especially in relation to the process of productive restructuring developed in the last years, this research sought to organizationally map out four Chinese factories. Quantitative and qualitative data were produced and gathered together from workers, managers, managers of public and private institutions, and Chinese expatriates. The research findings show that the Chinese, on the one hand, incorporated the local production pattern but, on the other hand, reshaped labour management. Such remodelling I called "taylorization with Chinese characteristics", which operates under the duality of being, at the same time, Made in China, but Produced at the Industrial Cluster of Manaus. As a fundamental element of this process, it was observed that strong socio-productive linkages between parent-subsidiary generate fragile socio-productive links in the Industrial Cluster of Manaus, implying high control of the Manauara workforce and Chinese expatriates. In spite of this, there has been a process of "appropriateness / injunction" that causes some "Chinese characteristics" to be deepened while others have to undergo transformations.
Esta pesquisa analisa a produção chinesa no Polo Industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus, com foco no padrão de produção e na gestão do trabalho. Nos últimos anos, mudanças significativas vêm sendo operadas no interior da cadeia produtiva global como resultado do massivo deslocamento do capital chinês em direção às diversas regiões do mundo, de sorte que, o Brasil e, mais especificamente, a Amazônia vem se constituindo na condição de um dos principais lugares de destino desses investimentos. Prova empírica dessas metamorfoses do capital global é a chegada de um conjunto de fábricas chinesas ao Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM) a partir do início dos anos 2000. Buscando compreender o significado disso sobre a organização do trabalho local, sobretudo numa relação com o processo de reestruturação produtiva visualizado nos últimos anos, buscou-se mapear organizacionalmente quatro fábricas chinesas. Para isso, lançou-se mão de dados quantitativos e qualitativos obtidos juntos aos trabalhadores, gerentes, gestores de instituições públicas e privadas, e expatriados chineses. As conclusões da pesquisa mostram que os chineses, por um lado, incorporaram o padrão de produção local, mas, por outro, remodelaram a gestão do trabalho. A este remodelamento denominei como “taylorização com características chinesas” e que opera sob a dualidade de ser, ao mesmo tempo, Made in China, mas Produzido no Polo Industrial de Manaus. Como elemento fundamental desse processo, observou-se que os fortes vínculos sócio produtivos entre subsidiária-matriz geram frágeis vínculos sócio produtivos no PIM, implicando em alto controle tanto da mão de obra manauara, quanto da expatriada chinesa. A despeito disso, tem ocorrido um processo de “adequação/injunção” que faz com que algumas “características chinesas” sejam aprofundadas, enquanto outras tenham de sofrer transformações.

This thesis focuses on the skateboarding industry in China as both a youth subculture and a cultural industry. I am investigating the transition between the two and examining how the emerging skateboarding industry operates through detailed analysis of the feelings, motivations and meanings attributed to it by its participants and the emerging strata of cultural workers. In order to achieve this research objective, this thesis has positioned the analysis in a triangle of forces between the development of Chinese skateboarding culture, the emerging skateboarding cultural industry and government interventions. This ethnographic study takes into account distinctive characters in the development of Chinese skateboarding communities that signify continuities inside contemporary Chinese youth cultures. I argue that such continuity is still embedded in the organisation of the Chinese skateboarding industry as a cultural industry, in both subcultural and corporate entrepreneurial practices. Moreover, this thesis contributes to ongoing discussions in the field of not only cultural studies but also of the political economic analysis of cultural/creative industries by examining the dynamic incorporations at play between the commercial and governmental forces at the centre of current debate around the inclusion of skateboarding in the Olympic Games, and the consequences of the sportisation of skateboarding in mainstream economic structures. Last but not least, this research captures the working conditions of the cultural labourers who are at the forefront of shaping and reshaping the Chinese skateboarding industry.

Ip, Chung Yan.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-153).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii
CONTENTS --- p.v
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzle and Theoretical Questions
Chapter 1.2 --- Casing a Case: The Life Insurance Industry as a Critical Case to Study the Labor Process in Interactive Service Work Organizations
Chapter 1.3 --- Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Marxist Labor Process Theories
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Labor Control in Interactive Service Work
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Emotional Labor in Interactive Service Work Context
Chapter 1.3.4 --- The Deterministic Description on the Negative Consequences of Emotional Labor
Chapter 1.3.5 --- The Missing Subject in Labor Process Theory
Chapter 1.3.6 --- "Gender, Work, and Identity"
Chapter 1.4 --- The Research
Chapter 1.5 --- Overview of the Thesis
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- An Overview of Life Insurance Industry in Hong Kong --- p.27
Chapter 2.1 --- Life Insurance Market in Hong Kong
Chapter 2.2 --- Organizational Structure: Agency Management System
Chapter 2.3 --- The Commission System
Chapter 2.4 --- Nature of Services and Public Perception of the Industry
Chapter 2.5 --- My Cases: Mutual Trust and Synergy
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Ideological Control in Life Insurance Industry --- p.38
Chapter 3.1 --- Comprehensive and Ail-Round Training: Teaching Practical Sales Techniques and Cultivating a Mind of Success
Chapter 3.2 --- Money and Motivation: Transforming Labor Power into Labor
Chapter 3.3 --- Dedicatory Ethics: Serving Your Clients and Contributing the Society
Chapter 3.4 --- Missionary Sales Personnel: Maximizing Exploitation and Minimizing Resistance
Chapter 3.5 --- Entrepreneurial Spirit and Partnership Metaphor: Securing Profits and Obscuring Control
Chapter 3.6 --- Altruistic Work Culture: Releasing Work Stress and Retaining Agents
Chapter 3.7 --- """Love, Care, and Concern"": Eliciting Cooperation and Generating Consent"
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Managing the Selves in Selling Life Insurance --- p.76
Chapter 4.1 --- Impression Management or Surface Acting: Doing Trust- and Relationship-Building Activities
Chapter 4.2 --- Deep Acting: Selling Life Insurance plus Selling One's Soul
Chapter 4.3 --- "Managed Feelings: Commercialization of Selves, Human Relations, and Interpersonal Trust"
Chapter 4.4 --- "Alienation, Burnout, and Emotional Exhaustion: Understanding the Negative Consequences of Emotional Labor"
Chapter 4.5 --- Emotions in Relational Service Exchanges: Refining the Concept of Emotional Labor
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Searching for the Subjectivities of Life Insurance Agents --- p.106
Chapter 5.1 --- Bringing the Subject Back In: Workers as Victims versus Workers as Actors
Chapter 5.2 --- Shifting Alliances: The Three-Way Dynamics of Control
Chapter 5.3 --- Maintaining a Sense of Self: Gendered Strategies of Resistance
Chapter 5.4 --- Job Satisfaction: Gendering Consent and Autonomy
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Theorizing the Labor Process in Service Work Organizations --- p.134
Chapter 6.1 --- Motivations in Work Organizations
Chapter 6.2 --- Three-Way Dynamics of Control
Chapter 6.3 --- A New Form of Emotional Labor
Chapter 6.4 --- Subjects in the Workplace
Chapter 6.5 --- Limitations of the Present Study
Appendix 1 List of Authorized Life Insurers in Hong Kong --- p.141
Appendix 2 Career Path in Life Insurance Industry --- p.143
Appendix 3 Personal Information of Informants --- p.144
Bibliography --- p.146

Biotechnological innovation is simultaneously globalizing and localizing. While ambitious scientists and thriving companies operate in a transnational environment, national leaders perceive domestic innovation as a source of international power and of domestic regime legitimacy. My work leverages these tensions between nationalism and globalism to identify mechanisms by which the micro-level dynamics of Chinese state capitalism co-produce scientific expertise, political power, and social critique in China’s agrobiotechnology industry. By examining how this happens in an authoritarian, technocratic, post-socialist nation, I show that exclusively focusing on biotech development in advanced liberal-democracies has reified particular institutional arrangements as “essential” to biotech innovation. This myopia limits our understanding of how such innovation can occur under other state and market organizing principles. Since the birth of the American biotechnology industry, scholars have tried to elucidate the institutional conditions catalyzing biotech growth and decipher the new organizational forms, scientific identities, and governance dilemmas accompanying its rise. Debates rage, for example, over whether “free market” forces or government policies kindled the biotech boom. Others examine how biotech firms translate between the logics of the market and science, how universities normalize academic entrepreneurship, and what configurations of capital, research organizations, and commercial firms boost the emergence of vibrant clusters. Ultimately, however, biotechnological development is not “simply a matter of advances in science and technology, but a product of complex entanglements among knowledge, technical capability, politics, and culture.” My dissertation explores these entanglements in China. Employing in-depth interviews with key actors, observational field research, and textual analysis of Chinese media, I show how the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) deployment of nationalist ideologies reshapes and runs up against a science-driven industry of national importance. I contend that China’s approach to developing biotechnology centers on the principle of “technological domestication”, whereby fears of technologically-induced pollution and natural/artificial transgression surrounding genetically modified (GM) technology are recast into an opposition to foreign aggressors, be they countries, companies, or individual actors. Centrally, I argue this nationalist frame is not merely ideological rhetoric, but a principle of institution building that uniquely mixes science, business and the state. As in a chemical reaction, the bonds and boundaries among these entities are restructured and a new compound synthesized, distinct from the sum of its parts. This nationalist “technology” permeates and structures each level of the agrobiotech project: how this nationalist frame fundamentally shapes the nature of business alliances within the agrobiotech sector, the chimeric organizational forms taken by commercial enterprises and academic laboratories, career trajectories spanning science, the market, and the state, professional identities embodied in the industry, and ultimately, even the contours of social criticism leveled against the technology. I aver that while the technological domestication frame enables Chinese firms and entrepreneurs to dominate Chinese technology markets and create novel—and often transgressive—organizational forms, career trajectories and professional identities, it also facilitates the party-state’s “taming” of these actors and the technologies they produce, as the system rewards the development of technologies that reinforce state power and requires ritualistic performances from the firms and academic entrepreneurs operating within it. Overall, while showing the construction of “biotechnology with Chinese characteristics” to be a socio-technical imaginary with meaningful technical, organizational, and moral consequences, I identify an alternative trajectory of knowledge economy development, reveal logics of state capitalism, and determine limits of expert co-option within a single party authoritarian regime.

郭麗珍.
"2006年5月".
論文(神道學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006.
參考文獻(leaves 52-55).
"2006 nian 5 yue".
Abstract also in English.
Guo Lizhen.
Lun wen (Shen dao xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006.
Can kao wen xian (leaves 52-55).
論文摘要 --- p.i
Thesis Abstract --- p.ii
鳴謝 --- p.iii
前言 --- p.1-3
Chapter 第一章 --- 異象一一個宣教團體的成立（1973-1979)
Chapter 一. --- 香港工業的發展 --- p.4-6
Chapter 二. --- 七十年代香港的勞工情況 --- p.7
Chapter 三. --- 「工福」成立的經過 --- p.8-10
Chapter 四. --- 確立爲宣教的團體 --- p.10-13
Chapter 五. --- 困惑與挑戰一是行動，還是宣講？ --- p.13-16
Chapter 六. --- 小結 --- p.16-17
Chapter 第二章 --- 實踐一道成肉身的福音（1980-1992)
Chapter 一. --- 八十年代香港的勞工情況 --- p.18-19
Chapter 二. --- 「道成肉身」的宣教策略 --- p.19-25
Chapter 1. --- 服務與宣講並重 --- p.20
Chapter 2. --- 分區工業佈道 --- p.21-22
Chapter 3. --- 中心宣教，建立基層教會 --- p.22-23
Chapter 4. --- 不同行業的勞工宣教 --- p.24-25
Chapter 三. --- 困惑與挑戰一是教會，還是服務機構？ --- p.25-31
Chapter 四. --- 小結 --- p.31
Chapter 第三章 --- 使命一回應處境（1993-2005)
Chapter 一. --- 九十年代的貧窮問題 --- p.32-34
Chapter 二. --- 回應貧窮人的需要 --- p.34-42
Chapter 1. --- 失業與轉業人士 --- p.34-35
Chapter 2. --- 新移民與基層家庭 --- p.35-37
Chapter 3. --- 澳門勞工 --- p.37-38
Chapter 4. --- 問題賭徒 --- p.38-39
Chapter 三. --- 困惑與挑戰一是爲生存，還是回應？ --- p.39-42
Chapter 四. --- 小結 --- p.42
Chapter 第四章 --- 總結一貢獻與挑戰
Chapter 一. --- 「工福」在宣教上的貢獻 --- p.43
Chapter 1. --- 基層福音受關注 --- p.43-46
Chapter 2. --- 賭徒復康創先驅 --- p.46
Chapter 3. --- 教會網絡成力量 --- p.47
Chapter 二. --- 面對未來的挑戰 --- p.47
Chapter 1. --- 成爲更專門化的宣教團體 --- p.47-48
Chapter 2. --- 扮演先知角色 --- p.48-49
Chapter 3. --- 建構宣教神學 --- p.50-51
結語 --- p.51
參考書目 --- p.52-54
參考期刊/通訊 --- p.54
訪問記錄 --- p.54
參閱網址 --- p.54-55

Les relations de travail et d'emploi sont devenues des enjeux importants en Chine. La Chine a ratifié 25 conventions internationales du travail et a travaillé en étroite collaboration avec l'OIT pour améliorer la sécurité et la santé au travail. Malgré ces efforts, la Chine est souvent critiquée pour des violations du travail. Face à ces problèmes, un système législatif d'administration de travail a été développé au niveau national. Mais l’application de ces règlements demeure problématique.. En particulier, les difficultés rencontrées par les inspecteurs du travail dans l'application de ces lois constituent un élément clé du problème. Notre mémoire s'intéresse essentiellement au rôle de l'inspecteur du travail dans l'administration publique de la sécurité du travail en Chine. Ces fonctionnaires jouent un rôle important et peuvent parfois exercer leur discrétion en tant qu'acteurs de première ligne, faisant d'eux de vrais décideurs politiques. Par conséquent, la compréhension de leur rôle et de leur discrétion dans l'application des normes du travail en Chine est cruciale. Notre mémoire est centré sur une étude de cas qualitative d'un bureau d'inspection du travail dans la région de Beijing. Dans le cadre de notre recherche nous avons examiné le rôle des inspecteurs du travail au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés, d’une recherche documentaire ainsi qu’à l’occasion d’une brève observation des inspecteurs sur lors de la visite d’un lieu de travail. Les résultats démontrent que la définition du pouvoir discrétionnaire des inspecteurs du travail de première ligne en Chine est un enjeu très complexe. L’étude de cas permet cependant d’élaborer un cadre permettant l’identification des facteurs critiques déterminants pour l'évaluation et la compréhension de la nature du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l'inspecteur du travail en application de la loi.
Labour and employment relations have become important issues in China. China has ratified 25 international labour conventions and has worked closely with the ILO to improve occupational safety and health. Despite these efforts, China is often criticized for labour violations. China has in response built a relatively complete legal and regulatory picture of labour regulations nationwide. The problem facing China today is enforcing these laws and regulations. A key part of this problem is the critical question of examining the challenges faced by labour inspectors in implementing these laws. This research project focuses on the role of labour inspection in the public administration of work safety in China. These public servants play an important role and may at times exercise their own discretion as street-level actors, making them the real policy decision makers. Consequently, understanding their role and discretion in the application of labour standards in China is crucial. This research is a qualitative case study of one labour inspection office in the Beijing area and examines the role of labour inspectors through semi-structured interviews, documents, and a brief observation of labour inspectors on-the-job. The results indicate that defining the discretionary power of street-level labour inspectors in China is a very complex task, but a framework is developed through this case study to identify critical issues important to evaluating and understanding the nature of street-level labour inspector discretion in enforcement.

En Chine la croissance économique observée durant ces trois dernières décennies, s’est accompagnée d’importants changements sociaux. Jusqu’en 2008, le droit du travail hérité de l’ère socialiste et inadapté à l’économie de marché, servait les intérêts de la croissance au détriment de ceux des travailleurs. La nouvelle loi sur le contrat de travail de 2008 a pour ambition de corriger cette situation en rééquilibrant les relations du travail dans un contexte de redistribution plus juste des nouvelles richesses. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre comment les entreprises étrangères présentes en Chine appréhendent ce changement institutionnel. Cela impacte-t-il leur gestion et leur stratégie de localisation ? Cette question est traitée, à travers l’étude du cas d’une entreprise étrangère implantée à Shanghai depuis 10 ans. Le premier effet observé est une professionnalisation du secteur des ressources humaines. L’augmentation des coûts de fonctionnement à laquelle la nouvelle loi participe a également pour effet une relocalisation des activités de production dans des régions à moindres coûts dans le centre de la Chine. L’expertise spécifiquement acquise localement est une des raisons majeures interdisant une délocalisation dans un pays tierce.
China's economic growth observed over the past three decades has been accompanied by some significant social changes. Until 2008, the labor law inherited from the socialist era and unsuited to the market economy, benefited economic growth rather than workers. The new Labor Contract Law (2008) aims at correcting this situation by balancing the labor relationship in the context of a more equitable sharing of wealth. The objective of this M.A. thesis is to understand how foreign companies in China contend with this institutional change. Does it impact their management and their location strategy? This issue is addressed by studying the case of one foreign company that has been based in Shanghai for the last 10 years. The first observed effect is a professionalization of human resource management within the firm. The increase in operating costs (to which the new law contributes in part) has also led to the relocation of manufacturing operations to cheaper area in central China. The specific expertise acquired in Shanghai is the major reason prohibiting a relocation to another country.

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de comprendre la situation de l’emploi et le salaire pour les diplômés universitaires en Chine à l’entrée du marché de travail pendant les dernières années. Après la revue de littérature, nous avons supposé trois hypothèses sur la compétence personnelle basée sur la théorie du capital humain. Dans cette recherche, les données retenues proviennent de deux sources : (1) les canaux officiels, y inclus les rapports diffusés et les statistiques publiées par le ministère de l’Éducation ou le Bureau national des Statistiques en Chine. (2) les canaux non gouvernementaux, soit les institutions d’enquêtes indépendantes et les organisations académiques en Chine. Nos résultats d’observation nous permettent de constater que les diplômés chinois sont exposés à une vive concurrence dans un marché où l’offre de travail y est excédentaire. Les caractéristiques personnelles, la qualité de l’enseignement, le niveau de scolarité et la discipline d’étude, peuvent affecter dans une certaine mesure l’emploi et le salaire de départ. Finalement, nous concluons ce mémoire avec des propositions de pistes de solution aux caractéristiques chinoises qui visent à réduire la difficulté d’emplois des diplômés.
The objective of current study is to understand the situation of employment and the entrance level salary for graduates in China of recent years. According to the literature review, we assumed three hypotheses regarding individual competence based on the theory of human capital. The data in this research came from two sources: (1) the official channels, including reports and statistics published by the Ministry of Education or the National Statistics Bureau in China. (2) non-governmental channels, including investigation and research work by the institutions independent in China. Our analysis showed that Chinese graduates were exposed in a oversupply labor market. However, some personal character in academic background, such as the teaching quality, education level and study subject, may have an impact on employment and entrance level salary to some degree. In the end we draw a conclusion with Chinese-style solution, which aims at reducing the problem of unemployment.