Academic literature on the topic 'Industrial sites – Ontario – York Region'
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Journal articles on the topic "Industrial sites – Ontario – York Region"
1
Niemczycki, Mary Ann Palmer. "The Genesee Connection: The Origins of Iroquois Culture in West-Central New York." North American Archaeologist 7, no. 1 (July 1986): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gp1m-x2xd-1wf6-ej77.
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The Genesee Valley has long been recognized as a center of Iroquois development, but the connection between Owasco sites in the Genesee and Iroquois sequences in the adjacent regions has never been adequately demonstrated. Attempts to identify transitional Owasco-Iroquois sites in this region have been hampered by the use of diagnostic criteria based on data from eastern New York. This article examines ceramic patterns in the Genesee and establishes a regional cultural sequence based on ceramic criteria which have local diagnostic significance. This sequence reveals the transition from Owasco to Iroquois culture begins in the Genesee with a sudden influx of Ontario Iroquois ceramic traits from the west ca. 1250 A.D. This Owasco-Ontario Iroquois connection in the Genesee negates certain assumptions regarding Iroquois origins and alters our current concept of in situ development.
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Irei, Satoshi, Jacek Stupak, Xueping Gong, Tak-Wai Chan, Michelle Cox, Robert McLaren, and Jochen Rudolph. "Molecular Marker Study of Particulate Organic Matter in Southern Ontario Air." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3504274.
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To study the origins of airborne particulate organic matter in southern Ontario, molecular marker concentrations were studied at Hamilton, Simcoe, and York Gateway Tunnel, representing industrial, rural, and heavy traffic sites, respectively. Airborne particulate matter smaller than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter was collected on quartz filters, and the collected samples were analyzed for total carbons, 5-6 ring PAHs, hopanes, n-alkanes (C20 to C34), and oxygenated aromatic compounds. Results showed that PAH concentrations at all three sites were highly correlated, indicating vehicular emissions as the major source. Meanwhile, in the scatter plots of α,β-hopane and trisnorhopane, concentrations displayed different trends for Hamilton and Simcoe. The slopes of the linear regressions for Hamilton and the tunnel were statistically the same, while the slope for Simcoe was significantly different from those. Comparison with literature values revealed that the trend observed at Simcoe was explained by the influence from coal combustion. We also found that the majority of oxygenated aromatic compounds at both sites were in the similar level, possibly implying secondary products contained in the southern Ontario air. Regardless of some discrepancies, absolute principal component analysis applied to the datasets could reproduce those findings.
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Jeong, C. H., G. J. Evans, M. L. McGuire, R. Y. W. Chang, J. P. D. Abbatt, K. Zeromskiene, M. Mozurkewich, S. M. Li, and W. R. Leaitch. "Particle formation and growth at five rural and urban sites." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2010): 11615–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-11615-2010.
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Abstract. Ultrafine particle (UFP) number and size distributions were simultaneously measured at five urban and rural sites in Southern Ontario, Canada as part of the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met 2007). Particle formation and growth events at these five sites were classified based on their strength and persistence as well as the variation in geometric mean diameter. Regional nucleation and growth events and local short-lived strong nucleation events were frequently observed at the near-border rural sites, upwind of industrial sources. Surprisingly, the particle number concentrations at one of these sites were higher than the concentrations at a downtown site in a major city, despite its high traffic density. Regional nucleation and growth events were favored at intense solar irradiance and less polluted cooler drier air. The most distinctive regional particle nucleation and growth event during the campaign was observed simultaneously at all five sites, which were up to 350 km apart. Although the ultrafine particle concentrations and size distributions generally were spatially heterogeneous across the region, a more uniform spatial distribution of UFP across the five areas was observed during this regional nucleation event. Thus, nucleation events can cover large regions, contributing to the burden of UFP in cities and potentially to the associated health impacts on urban populations. In addition, particle formation in southwestern Ontario appears to more often be related to anthropogenic gaseous emissions, although biogenic emissions may at times contribute. Local short-lived nucleation events at the near-border sites during this three-week campaign were associated with high SO2, which likely originated from US and Canadian industrial sources. These particle formation events may contribute to the production of cloud condensation nuclei, thus potentially influencing regional climate. Longer-term studies are needed to help resolve the relative contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions to nucleation and growth in this region.
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Jeong, C. H., G. J. Evans, M. L. McGuire, R. Y. W. Chang, J. P. D. Abbatt, K. Zeromskiene, M. Mozurkewich, S. M. Li, and W. R. Leaitch. "Particle formation and growth at five rural and urban sites." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 16 (August 27, 2010): 7979–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7979-2010.
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Abstract. Ultrafine particle (UFP) number and size distributions were simultaneously measured at five urban and rural sites during the summer of 2007 in Ontario, Canada as part of the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met 2007). Particle formation and growth events at these five sites were classified based on their strength and persistence as well as the variation in geometric mean diameter. Regional nucleation and growth events and local short-lived strong nucleation events were frequently observed at the near-border rural sites, upwind of industrial sources. Surprisingly, the particle number concentrations at one of these sites were higher than the concentrations at a downtown site in a major city, despite its high traffic density. Regional nucleation and growth events were favored during intense solar irradiance and in less polluted cooler drier air. The most distinctive regional particle nucleation and growth event during the campaign was observed simultaneously at all five sites, which were up to 350 km apart. Although the ultrafine particle concentrations and size distributions generally were spatially heterogeneous across the region, a more uniform spatial distribution of UFP across the five areas was observed during this regional nucleation event. Thus, nucleation events can cover large regions, contributing to the burden of UFP in cities and potentially to the associated health impacts on urban populations. Local short-lived nucleation events at the three near-border sites during this summer three-week campaign were associated with high SO2, which likely originated from US and Canadian industrial sources. Hence, particle formation in southwestern Ontario appears to often be related to anthropogenic gaseous emissions but biogenic emissions at times also contribute. Longer-term studies are needed to help resolve the relative contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions to nucleation and growth in this region.
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Brunton, Daniel F. "Great Plains Ladies’-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum) in the lower Great Lakes region and a new record for New York State." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 2 (August 5, 2015): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1700.
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Six populations of Great Plains Ladies’-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak) have recently been discovered in three locations east of the lower Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. The possible occurrence of S. cernua × magnicamporum hybrids was detected at one New York site. These discoveries are from both natural alvar and disturbed meadow and shore sites. The new records suggest that S. magnicamporum occurs more widely than was suspected previously, its presence perhaps masked by its similarity to the common S. cernua (L.) Richard. Eastern occurrences may represent a combination of post-glacial relict populations, responses to climate change, and the results of long-distance dispersal events. These range extensions constitute the most easterly known populations of S. magnicamporum in North America. They also represent new records for New York State (including Jefferson and St. Lawrence Counties) and for the City of Ottawa in Ontario.
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Healy, Robert M., Uwayemi M. Sofowote, Jonathan M. Wang, Qingfeng Chen, and Aaron Todd. "Spatially Resolved Source Apportionment of Industrial VOCs Using a Mobile Monitoring Platform." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101722.
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Industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) directly impact air quality downwind of facilities and contribute to regional ozone and secondary organic aerosol production. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is often used to apportion VOCs to their respective sources using measurement data collected at fixed sites, for example air quality monitoring stations. Here, we apply PMF analysis to high time-resolution VOC measurement data collected both while stationary and while moving using a mobile monitoring platform. The stationary monitoring periods facilitated the extraction of representative industrial VOC source profiles while the mobile monitoring periods were critical for the spatial identification of VOC hotspots. Data were collected over five days in a heavily industrialized region of southwestern Ontario containing several refineries, petrochemical production facilities and a chemical waste disposal facility. Factors associated with petroleum, chemical waste and rubber production were identified and ambient mixing ratios of selected aromatic, unsaturated and oxygenated VOCs were apportioned to local and background sources. Fugitive emissions of benzene, highly localized and predominantly associated with storage, were found to be the dominant local contributor to ambient benzene mixing ratios measured while mobile. Toluene and substituted aromatics were predominantly associated with refining and traffic, while methyl ethyl ketone was linked to chemical waste handling. The approach described here facilitates the apportionment of VOCs to their respective local industrial sources at high spatial and temporal resolution. This information can be used to identify problematic source locations and to inform VOC emission abatement strategies.
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Perry, K. L., and H. McLane. "Potato virus M in Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in New York State." Plant Disease 95, no. 5 (May 2011): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0768.
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Potato virus M (PVM) was detected in upstate New York in two plants of the widely naturalized, weedy perennial Solanum dulcamara. The virus was detected with a macroarray assay for potato viruses (1). Amplified, complimentary DNAs from the two isolates hybridized to 5 and 7 of the 15 oligonucleotide probes for PVM. Testing of the samples by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA using PVM-specific antibodies (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) showed a clear positive result. Sequence information for a 118-bp genomic region was obtained by amplification using carlavirus-specific primers (2) (GenBank Accession No. HQ446853). Comparison with a reference PVM genome (GenBank Accession No. NC_001361) showed that the sequence corresponded to nucleotide positions 8418 to 8533 with 86% identity. The infected plants were symptomless and collected from two sites, 50 miles apart. One site was a weedy roadside location in Tompkins County in 2009, while the second was from a hedgerow in a (non-potato) vegetable production area of Ontario County in 2010. The virus could be detected throughout the growing season in this perennial host. PVM was reported from S. dulcamara L. in Hungary and described as being found frequently from a diversity of habitats (3). Importantly, the virus was transmitted via tubers and by Myzus persicae with low efficiency (3). These results suggest that the virus may be endemic in S. dulcamara in the northeastern United States and this host may serve as a reservoir for the virus from which it could move into potato. To our knowledge, PVM has not been reported in this host in North America. References: (1) B. Agindotan and K. L. Perry. Plant Dis. 92:730, 2008. (2) J. Badge et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 102:305, 1996. (3) P. Salamon. Eur. Assoc. Pot. Res. Virol. Sect. Meet. 42:121, 2006.
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Lescord, Gretchen L., Thomas Johnston, Brian A. Branfireun, and John M. Gunn. "Mercury bioaccumulation in relation to changing physicochemical and ecological factors across a large and undisturbed boreal watershed." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 12 (December 2019): 2165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0465.
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Within a drainage basin, the position of a lake or river can greatly affect its limnological and ecological characteristics. These properties influence the cycling of mercury (Hg), a neurotoxic and bioaccumulative metal prevalent in remote northern watersheds. In this study, we examined how 43 physical, chemical, and ecological endpoints change across 58 lake and river sites within an undisturbed boreal watershed in Ontario, Canada, and assessed the influence of these endpoints on aqueous and biotic Hg concentrations ([Hg]). We found that several physicochemical parameters, but few ecological factors, varied in systematic patterns across the watershed. Overall, [Hg] in water and some fish increased in systems with decreasing landscape positions. Aqueous and biotic [Hg] were strongly related to dissolved organic carbon and nutrient concentrations. Biotic [Hg] was lower in higher-nutrient systems, potentially due to biodilution, but higher in systems with more nitrates + nitrites, suggesting an indirect relationship between Hg and nitrogen cycling. This study is the first to assess patterns of [Hg] across an entire intact watershed and provides valuable results for a region anticipating substantial industrial development.
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Hall, R. A. "The Five Boroughs of the Danelaw: a review of present knowledge." Anglo-Saxon England 18 (December 1989): 149–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100001484.
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The increase in urban archaeological work during the last twenty years has both illuminated many facets of pre-Norman life and demonstrated the development of individual sites to an extent hardly conceivable before. Nevertheless, the only well-defined group of sites to have received concentrated attention has been theburhsof Wessex. Prompted by Biddle's work at Winchester and Hill's elucidation of theBurghal Hidage, the establishment of a network of fortified centres and its development into an urban hierarchy in which the component sites variously played commercial, industrial, administrative and ecclesiastical roles has been charted in some detail. Beyond the frontiers of Wessex, Atkin has drawn together the available data from East Anglia. Rahtz has briefly presented the excavated evidence from the towns of the West Midlands, ‘English Mercia’; within the area of Mercia that was to become the south-eastern Danelaw (Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire), Williams has surveyed the new evidence for the urban development of Northampton, the best understood centre in the region, while Haslam has suggested that Bedford and Cambridge are examples of a group of sites, numbering a dozen or more and spread across pre-Viking Mercia, where urban origins can be traced back to deliberate foundation by Offa. North of the Humber, York has a singular position; it is the only important Northumbrian urban centre mentioned in late Anglo-Saxon historical sources, and seems to have achieved a sustained regional preeminence greater even than that of Winchester in Wessex. It has recently been reviewed; there is also a recent study of London.
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Batty, Michael, and Yichun Xie. "Self-organized criticality and urban development." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 3, no. 2-3 (1999): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022699000151.
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Urban society is undergoing as profound a spatial transformation as that associated with the emergence of the industrial city two centuries ago. To describe and measure this transition, we introduce a new theory based on the concept that large-scale, complex systems composed of many interacting elements, show a surprising degree of resilience to change, holding themselves at critical levels for long periods until conditions emerge which move the system, often abruptly, to a new threshold. This theory is called ‘self-organized criticality’; it is consistent with systems in which global patterns emerge from local action which is the hallmark of self-organization, and it is consistent with developments in system dynamics and their morphology which find expression in fractal geometry and weak chaos theory. We illustrate the theory using a unique space–time series of urban development for Buffalo, Western New York, which contains the locations of over one quarter of a million sites coded by their year of construction and dating back to 1773, some 60 years before the city began to develop. We measure the emergence and growth of the city using urban density functions from which measures of fractal dimension are used to construct growth paths of the way the city has grown to fill its region. These phase portraits suggest the existence of transitions between the frontier, the settled agricultural region, the centralized industrial city and the decentralized postindustrial city, and our analysis reveals that Buffalo has maintained itself at a critical threshold since the emergence of the automobile city some 70 years ago. Our implied speculation is: how long will this kind of urban form be maintained in the face of seemingly unstoppable technological change?
Book chapters on the topic "Industrial sites – Ontario – York Region"
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Schentag, Annie. "Putting the Rust in Rust Belt." In Buffalo at the Crossroads, 131–50. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749766.003.0007.
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This chapter analyses the Buffalo-Niagara region that boasts an incredibly rich architectural heritage as a cornerstone of the area's attempts to rebrand itself as a tourist destination. It places Buffalo in the midst of a so-called renaissance, and urban planners, real estate developers, and city boosters, which identify historic architecture and tourism as key components to urban revitalization. It also mentions architectural tours that have been instrumental in identifying Buffalo as a place with momentum for the first time in decades. The chapter talks about the press that generates both local and outsider interest in Buffalo's architectural heritage, which was evidenced by popular articles in the New York Times, the Guardian, and USA Today. It recounts the long historical tradition of architectural tourism at industrial sites in the Buffalo-Niagara region at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Newman, Richard S. "Introduction: Of Burial Mounds and Toxic Tombs." In Love Canal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195374834.003.0006.
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Driving north on the 290 Expressway from Buffalo to Niagara Falls each day, thousands of cars race alongside the mighty Niagara River. North America's fastest-flowing body of water, the Niagara seems jet-propelled. If the Mississippi is the Father of Waters for its grand length, then the Niagara is its furious little cousin: a short but manic river that, in a span of roughly 30 miles, sprints from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, with a famous plunge of nearly 200 feet at Niagara Falls. Few visitors ever come away from a tour of Niagara unmoved. "I was in a manner stunned and unable to comprehend the vastness of the scene," Charles Dickens said of his first glimpse of the Niagara River Basin and Falls in the 1840s. "Niagara was at once stamped upon my heart, an image of Beauty; to remain there, changeless and indelible, until its pulses cease to beat, for ever." For Dickens, as for countless others, Niagara Falls exemplifies the American natural sublime. The highway chasing the Niagara River illuminates a different force cutting through Western New York: industrialization. For what was once a scenic landscape astride a beautiful waterway has long since become a poster child of mega-industrial growth. In Buffalo, where the "Niagara" section of the thruway begins, mammoth factory buildings, hulking steel mills, and a cityscape of grain elevators testify to the industrial pathway that made the region a production powerhouse. At Niagara Falls, the road rolls past majestic power canals and generating stations, illuminating the region's (and the nation's) path to hydroelectric energy. The advent of hydroelectric power, as the saying goes, turned night into day and helped fuel the American industrial dream. No wonder area nuns used to tell troublesome teens that they should pray for their souls. If the Soviet Union wanted to take out American industrial power in Cold War times, Buffalo-Niagara was a main target.
Conference papers on the topic "Industrial sites – Ontario – York Region"
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Buszynski, Mario E. "Securing Pipeline Approvals in a Tough Regulatory Environment." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10478.
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The Regional Municipality of York is located immediately north of the City of Toronto. It is the fastest growing municipality in Ontario. The rapid expansion of residential, industrial and commercial development in the municipality has led to a weakness in the electrical and gas infrastructure. The Ontario Power Authority (the agency responsible for managing the power requirements in the Province of Ontario) has recognized this weakness and has developed plans calling for a new gas-fired generating station and improvements to the electrical grid. The shortages of gas supply and electricity have not developed overnight. Hydro One, which runs the electrical grid, initiated a supply study in 2002. The study recommended upgrading a 115 kV transmission line to a double circuit 230 kV transmission line on the existing corridor. The ensuing public outcry resulted in the municipality passing a resolution against the upgrade. Similarly, a large gas-fired generating station proposal was abandoned as the result of citizen opposition. In 2003, the Ontario Energy Board approved new Environmental Guidelines for the Location, Construction and Operation of Hydrocarbon Pipelines and Facilities in Ontario. The guidelines include specific new requirements for planning pipelines in urban areas. Among other things, these requirements involve the identification of indirectly affected landowners and a more detailed analysis of public issues and how they were resolved. It became clear that in order to achieve regulatory success, not only would the public have to become actively engaged in the decision-making early in the process, the technical reviewers (federal, provincial and municipal agencies) would likewise have to be actively involved. Through the use of two case studies of proposed large-diameter natural gas pipelines initiated in York Region in 2005, this paper describes the techniques used to engage the public and the regulators. It also describes how the public involvement requirements contained in the Ontario Energy Board’s new guidelines were incorporated into the planning process. The case studies begin with a rationale for the study area selected. A description of issues follows. The techniques used to address these issues and the success of the program are documented. Techniques include face-to-face project initiation meetings, use of technical and citizens’ advisory committees, sub-committee meetings to resolve specific issues and site-specific field work. The study results illustrate that it is possible to plan a right-of-way in such a manner as to satisfy the general public and regulators, be compatible with existing development, conform to the new Ontario Energy Board guidelines and minimize the amount of remedial work required to mitigate the impacts occurring on and adjacent to the right-of-way.