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Forsyth, Anthony. "Industrial legislation in Australia in 2016." Journal of Industrial Relations 59, no. 3 (May 22, 2017): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617693876.
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After three years of trying, the Coalition Government finally succeeded in obtaining passage of several key workplace reform statutes in 2016. This followed the outcome of the federal election held on 2 July, delivering the Government a differently composed Senate and a new opportunity to secure support for its legislative program. This review article explains key aspects of the industrial legislation passed by federal Parliament in 2016, including statutes abolishing the specialist road transport industry tribunal, re-establishing the Howard-era regulator for the construction industry, and setting up a new agency to enforce enhanced governance and accountability standards for registered unions and employer organisations. Legislative amendments aimed at resolving the long-running bargaining dispute in Victoria’s Country Fire Authority are also considered, along with the Government’s muted response to the 2015 Productivity Commission review of the workplace relations framework. The article then examines developments at state level, including a major rewrite of Queensland’s industrial legislation, structural changes in New South Wales, and proposed changes to long service leave and the labour hire sector in Victoria. It concludes by noting the irony that just as the federal Government has tasted some success after a long legislative ‘dry spell’, its labour law reform agenda appears limited and piecemeal.
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Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.
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Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, the value of pastures in weed control, and their management for maximum profitability.
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Ramirez, Mariano. "Sustainability in the education of industrial designers: the case for Australia." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14676370610655959.
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PurposeThe paper intends to determine the extent to which environmental sustainability issues are integrated in the curricula of industrial design programs in Australian universities.Design/methodology/approachIndustrial design lecturers and program heads were invited to participate in a web‐based survey on their university's industrial design curricula. Online university handbooks were also examined to determine which courses cover sustainability aspects. Survey results were then tabulated and analysed using descriptive statistics.FindingsThe study shows that, while there is a concern that sustainable development issues are important and relevant to design courses, the permeation of environmental sensitivity through most industrial design curricula, and indeed among design academics, is only starting to gain ground. Comparative examination of the curricular structures in Australian universities offering degree programs in industrial and product design revealed that, on average, 12 out of every 100 credit points earned have sustainability content.Practical implicationsThe paper informs industrial design academics that much more work has to be done in order to educate the next generation of designers about their responsibilities to the planet and its people. It tells them where we currently are and the gaps that we have to bridge in order to achieve environmental sustainability.Originality/valueThe paper is original in the field of Australian industrial design education, and builds on work in other disciplines about incorporating sustainability aspects in tertiary education.
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Strzelec, Michal, Bernadette C. Proemse, Leon A. Barmuta, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Maximilien Desservettaz, Philip W. Boyd, Morgane M. G. Perron, Robyn Schofield, and Andrew R. Bowie. "Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Western Australia." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050474.
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Aerosols from Western Australia supply micronutrient trace elements including Fe into the western shelf of Australia and further afield into the Southern and Indian Oceans. However, regional observations of atmospheric trace metal deposition are limited. Here, we applied a series of leaching experiments followed by total analysis of bulk aerosol samples to a unique time-series of aerosol samples collected in Western Australia to determine atmospheric concentrations and solubilities of Fe and V, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb. Positive matrix factorisation analysis indicated that mineral dust, biomass burning particulates, sea salt, and industrial emissions were the major types of aerosols. Overall, natural sources dominated Fe deposition. Higher atmospheric concentrations of mineral dust (sixfold) and biomass burning emissions were observed in warmer compared to cooler months. The fraction of labile Fe (0.6–6.0%) was lower than that reported for other regions of Australia. Bushfire emissions are a temporary source of labile Fe and may cause a peak in the delivery of its more easily available forms to the ocean. Increased labile Fe deposition may result in higher ocean productivity in regions where Fe is limiting, and the effect of aerosol deposition on ocean productivity in this region requires further study.
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Prenzel, Paula, Raquel Ortega-Argilés, Claudio Cozza, and Mariacristina Piva. "Interplay between regional and industrial aspects in the R&D–productivity link: evidence from Europe." Regional Studies 52, no. 5 (June 22, 2017): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2017.1329586.
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Цыплухина, Yu Tsyplukhina, Козлов, A. Kozlov, Козлов, and N. Kozlov. "The environmental crisis in the great industrial city and its impact on the green zone." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17400.
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The article is devoted to the problem of environmental aspects of the city and the role of green spaces in their improvement. The basic parameters of the ecological crisis caused by pollution from in-dustrial and residential areas of a large industrial city. The main factors of negative influence of motor transport, industry and their impact on population health, labour productivity. A significant feature of the ecological situation in the city is the illegal cutting of trees and reducing the area of lawns, due to the in-creased development of urban neighborhoods.
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WOHLENBERG, JANAÍNA, MICHELE HOELTZ, JONES LUÍS SCHAEFER, ELPIDIO OSCAR BENITEZ NARA, GUILHERME BRITTES BENITEZ, and ROSANA C. S. SCHNEIDER. "SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: ANALYSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE FAMILY FARMERS’ ECONOMY." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.08.015.
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The impact of agricultural systems on the economy, environment and society should be monitored so that efficient and fair chains can be developed in the context of sustainable development objectives. Sustainability indicators can be used for this purpose and their applicability to regional realities should be assessed. The objective of the present research is to investigate the influence of environmental and social indicators on economic indicators from the perspective of the family farmers that participated in the Agroindustry Arrangement in southern Brazil. The study was based on surveys involving producers and managers of family farms associated with five cooperatives. The responses of 81 family farmers and cooperative managers to 30 indicators were assessed using the ordinary least squares regression. Fourteen of the indicators were economic (the dependent variable), 11 were environmental and five were social (the independent variables). Positive influences on the environmental indicators relating to water (the financial and operational aspects and productivity), air (the financial and operational aspects) and soil (the operational aspects) were identified. The social indicators relating to food health and safety (the financial aspects and productivity) and opportunities (the operational aspects) had a positive impact on the economy. Therefore, we concluded that there is a dependent relationship between the sustainability indicators which shows the importance of the social and environmental dimensions for the family farmers’ economy. Such results indicated that producers from familiar agro-industry are aware of the importance of the environmental and social aspects to achieve success in the economic aspects and they can be important for the definition of new sustainability policies in regions, where agro-industrial production arrangements are relevant to the economy, as in southern Brazil.
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FIELKE, SIMON J., and DOUGLAS K. BARDSLEY. "A Brief Political History of South Australian Agriculture." Rural History 26, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679331400017x.
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Abstract:This paper aims to explain why South Australian agricultural land use is focused on continually increasing productivity, when the majority of produce is exported, at the long-term expense of agriculturally-based communities and the environment. A historical analysis of literature relevant to the agricultural development of South Australia is used chronologically to report aspects of the industry that continue to cause concerns in the present day. The historically dominant capitalist socio-economic system and ‘anthropocentric’ world views of farmers, politicians, and key stakeholders have resulted in detrimental social, environmental and political outcomes. Although recognition of the environmental impacts of agricultural land use has increased dramatically since the 1980s, conventional productivist, export oriented farming still dominates the South Australian landscape. A combination of market oriented initiatives and concerned producers are, however, contributing to increasing the recognition of the environmental and social outcomes of agricultural practice and it is argued here that South Australia has the opportunity to value multifunctional land use more explicitly via innovative policy.
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Mesaros, Diana, T. Rusu, and I. Mesaros. "Agile Scrum Applied in Agricultural Processes." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2022-0010.
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Abstract This paper presents a case study of interdisciplinary subjects, more precisely the AGILE SCRUM specific to software development applied in agricultural processes to increase the productivity, maximize the profit and to emphasize the benefits of AGILE methodology which is suitable in every field of industry. Starting with theoretical aspects about Agile project management approach and philosophy, including values and principles, continuing with SCRUM framework, is emphasized the applicability of the method in various fields of industry, including agriculture.
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Marzban, Samin, Iva Durakovic, Christhina Candido, and Martin Mackey. "Learning to work from home: experience of Australian workers and organizational representatives during the first Covid-19 lockdowns." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 23, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-10-2020-0049.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide a snapshot of workers’ experience while working from home (WFH) during the Australian lockdown in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemic. It focuses on lessons to inform organizations, employees and the design of the workspaces post-2020, human, organizational and environmental considerations may affect satisfaction, productivity and health. Design/methodology/approach Two separate surveys were designed for this study to target Australian organizations and knowledge workers. Participants included 28 organizations and 301 employees, and descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted. Findings Organizations stated productivity losses, maintaining culture and workplace health and safety concerns with WFH setup while employees were more concerned about their social interactions, internet connectivity and increased workload. Employees also found the social aspects of WFH challenging and disclosed that face-to-face interactions with their colleagues was the most important reason they wanted to return to the office. High level of trust and value was reported amongst the organizations and workers. Originality/value In the scarcity of academic literature around negative and positives of the WFH experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic, the main sources of information have been industry-focused reports. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge gap by identifying positives and negative aspects of WFH during the first wave of lockdowns in Australia in 2020 from the organization and workers’ perspective, including human, organizational and environmental considerations.
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Antoninova, N. Yu, L. S. Rybnikova, Yu O. Slavikovskaya, and L. A. Shubina. "Environmental and Economic Aspects of Selecting Reclamation Directions for Industrial Mining and Metallurgical Waste Disposal Sites." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1S/2022 (March 16, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-71-77.
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Anthropogenic geoecology was developed at the end of the 20th century, but continues to face challenges in an integrated methodological approach to assessing the pollution of territories with long-term consequences of natural resource extraction. The consequences of extraction and primary processing of natural raw materials are the lack of effective control over the territories once the ore mining is completed. In order to develop effective methods to control the development of hazardous natural and man-made processes in the areas of inactive waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to analyze a sufficiently large set of data, including the condition of ground and surface waters, soils, flora, the efficiency of waste disposal facilities protection from direct or indirect impact on the natural environment. Research on modeling the processes of transfer and accumulation of pollutants includes a general assessment of the direction of man-made flows and selection of vegetation for phytoremediation of territories along the boundaries of the facilities as well as the direction of pollutant migration. The impact of mining facilities (dumps, tailings reservoirs) is directly correlated with the time of their existence, the toxicity and the rate of transformation of the components contained, the economic efficiency of their further utilization or conservation. Thus, the methodological approach to the rehabilitation of environmentally disadvantageous areas in places where mining and primary processing of resources is completed requires integration of several techniques and methods to assess the existing environmental situation. It also includes the speed and direction of its evolvement, and the economic assessment of damage to the natural environment. The introduction of tested recovery techniques will prevent the expansion of territories with irreversible destruction of geosystems, which led to a complete loss of productivity of the reproducing resources.
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Niel, T. G. Van, and T. R. McVicar. "Current and potential uses of optical remote sensing in rice-based irrigation systems: a review." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 2 (2004): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03149.
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For high water usage cropping systems such as irrigated rice, the positive outcomes of producing a staple food source and sustaining the economy often come at the cost of high resource use and environmental degradation. Advances in geospatial technology will play an increasingly important role in raising productivity and resource use efficiency and reducing environmental degradation, both worldwide and within Australia. This paper reviews the current use of one of these technologies, remote sensing, with the rice-growing region in Australia as a case study. Specifically, we review applications of remote sensing in crop identification, area measurement, regional yield forecasting, and on-farm productivity monitoring and management. Within this context, consideration is given to classification algorithms and accuracy assessment, hyperspectral remote sensing, positional and areal accuracy, linear mixture modelling, methane (CH4) emissions, yield forecasting techniques, and precision agriculture. We also discuss the potential for using remote sensing to assess crop water use, which has received little attention in rice-based irrigation systems, even though it is becoming increasingly important in land and water management planning for irrigation areas. Accordingly, special attention is given to the role of remote sensing with respect to the surface energy balance, the relationship between surface temperature and remotely sensed vegetation indices, and water use efficiency. A general discussion of other geospatial issues, namely geographic information systems and spatial interpolation, is provided because earth-science analysis using remote sensing is often intrinsically integrated with other spatially based technologies and aspects of geographical science.
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M. R. A. Hasan, A. Yani, and S. Rahayu. "Model Evaluasi Penerapan Aspek Pakan dan Air Minum dalam Good Farming Practice Peternakan Domba di UP3J Bogor." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 10, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.10.3.119-125.
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Good Farming Practice applied as agovernment-based guideline for good and precise cultivation in raising livestock. The main objective of good farming practice is to increase livestock population, meat production and livestock productivity. Published guidance contained how to apply good farming practices in goats and sheep cultivation, but priority of each aspect is not available. Based on that guidance, 5 main aspects were determined which include aspects of facilities, feed and drinking water, production processes. Unit Pendidikan dan Peternakan Jonggol (Jonggol Animal Husbandry Education and Research Unit), which was established since 1984, has a sheep farm unit with semi-intensive rearing methods, but the current production is less than optimal. This study aimed to examines Good Farming Practice (GFP) appliance at Jonggol Animal Husbandry Education and Research Unit using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to find priority vectors that will be apploed as the basis for the priority weights for each aspect, and then conduct an evaluation model to assess and improve the performance of livestock units in UP3J. The results showed priority aspects of GFP with the highest AHP weight, namely feed and drinking water (weight 0.548). This study shows that the combined value ofobservation and priority vector of the aspects of feed and drinking water is 42.7%. The value represents the implementation of thus aspects of good farming practice categorized as LESS.
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Musich, Shirley, Dan Hook, Stephanie Baaner, and Dee W. Edington. "The Association of Two Productivity Measures with Health Risks and Medical Conditions in an Australian Employee Population." American Journal of Health Promotion 20, no. 5 (May 2006): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-20.5.353.
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Purpose. To investigate the impact of health on job performance using two measures of productivity loss: (1) a self-reported measure of health-related presenteeism and (2) an objective measure of absenteeism. Design. A cross-sectional survey using a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) to evaluate self-reported presenteeism and the prevalence of 12 health risks and eight medical conditions. Setting and Subjects. Employees (n = 224) of a private insurance provider in Australia. Measures. A Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) questionnaire was used to evaluate self-reported presenteeism on different aspects of job demands and to assess the prevalence of 12 health risks and eight medical conditions. Illness absent hours were obtained from company administrative records. Results. Increased presenteeism was significantly associated with high stress, life dissatisfaction, and back pain, while increased illness absenteeism was significantly associated with overweight, poor perception of health, and diabetes. Excess presenteeism associated with excess health risks (productivity loss among those with medium- or high-risk status compared to those with low-risk status) was independently calculated at 19.0% for presenteeism and 12.8% for illness absenteeism. Conclusions. This study demonstrates an association between health metrics and self-reported work impairment (presenteeism) and measured absenteeism. The study provides a first indication of the potential benefits of health promotion programming to Australian employees in improving health and to the corporation in minimizing health-related productivity loss.
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Chisti, Yusuf. "Pneumatically Agitated Bioreactors in Industrial and Environmental Bioprocessing: Hydrodynamics, Hydraulics, and Transport Phenomena." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 33–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3098989.
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Major aspects of design and operation of pneumatically agitated bioreactors are reviewed. The focus is on considerations that are relevant to industrial practice. Airlift bioreactors are emphasized. The treatment covers hydraulics, hydrodynamics, gas-liquid and solid-liquid mass transfer, heat transfer, mixing, and suspension. Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems are discussed. Applications in microbial fermentations, animal and plant cell culture, biotransformations with immobilized enzymes, and treatment of wastewater are outlined. Comparisons with more conventional bioreactor technologies are made. Design features for sterile processing in airlift systems are detailed. The evidence for superior performance of airlift bioreactors is overwhelming. Excellent productivities have been demonstrated with yeasts, bacteria, and filamentous fungi. Processes that produce highly viscous broths, including several biopolymer producing fermentations, have been proven in airlift devices. Similarly, many hybridoma cultures and plant cell suspensions have given good results. As a general rule, volumetric productivity of airlift bioreactors equals or betters that of conventional stirred tanks. Typically, this level of performance is achieved at substantially lower power input than in stirred vessels. Furthermore, the probability of mechanical failure and likelihood of loss of sterility are lower with airlift bioreactors. In wastewater treatment, too, airlift devices have far outperformed conventional systems. Airlift bioreactors accept higher BOD loadings, produce less sludge, and the degradation rate is faster; performance improves with increasing scale of operation. This review article includes 328 references.
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Lytvynchuk, Anna. "Environmental aspects of agricultural policies of the European Union countries." University Economic Bulletin, no. 50 (August 31, 2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-50-136-144.
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At present, the state of the economy of the agricultural sector in many countries of the world, including in the countries of the European Union (EU), inherent in developed industry, has led to the transition to a new environmentally oriented agricultural policy. An important role is assigned to state support of agricultural producers, through subsidies, preferential credit policy, and in some countries, the complete abolition of taxation of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas, which confirms the relevance and national economic significance of the article. In domestic agroeconomic science and practice, there is no scientific concept of state participation in the process of bringing the agricultural sector out of the crisis. Research objectives – consider the development policy of the agricultural sector of the EU countries; study the level of state support for agricultural producers. The purpose of the work is to consider the degree of development of the agricultural policy of the EU countries in the context of ensuring food security. The methods and methodology of the research were general scientific, particular methods of cognition, including the historical and logical, the method of observation and comparison. Shows the main approaches to state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial sector at the level of the European Union as a whole and in the context of member countries; characteristic features and principles that determine the success and integrity of a unified agricultural policy; factors contributing to the productivity of agricultural land; agro-ecological requirements restricting the import of genetically modified products; the main tasks in the development of a new policy of the agrarian sector of the economy; priority directions of regulation of measures to support agricultural producers, integrated development of rural areas, increasing the competitiveness of the EU agricultural sector. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this study will allow the state bodies of Belarus to better understand how it is necessary to form an agricultural policy in the context of ensuring food security.
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Taraniuk, Leonid M., and Hongzhou Qiu. "Scientific Aspects of the Formation of the Logistics System of Agricultural Companies." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 4 (2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.94.09.
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The use of research in the field of logistics management of agricultural companies allows increasing the level of information access and transparency of information on the economic feasibility of logistics systems of agricultural companies in China. We need leverage to influence the dissemination of science and the ability to obtain initial data on the logistics management of agricultural enterprises. This article analyses the work of representatives of international scientific schools and Chinese scientists on research of the logistics management system in the work of agricultural companies. The main elements of scientific research, containing theoretical provisions, methodological support in the study of logistics systems of agricultural companies. The concept of scientific research in the formation of the logistics system of agricultural companies, which contains the theoretical provisions of logistics management, methodological support for monitoring the product potential of logistics systems of agricultural companies, the formation of a system of indicators of logistics systems. Scientific principles of formation of logistic system of agricultural companies are offered, which include principles of system integrity, principles of voluntariness, principles of balance, principles of adaptation to peculiarities of agricultural production, principles of increasing basic competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, principles of integration and new construction. The volumes of the main agricultural products in physical terms of China, Japan, USA, Canada, France, Germany and the main indicators of efficiency of agricultural products of China and developed countries in terms of costs, productivity, capital turnover, stock, value-added in GDP. The general conclusion of scientific research and prospects of further scientific research are formed.
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Halala, Yonas Samuel, and Aminah Robinson Fayek. "A framework to assess the costs and benefits of advanced work packaging in industrial construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 3 (March 2019): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0072.
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The term advanced work packaging (AWP), coined by the Construction Industry Institute (CII), refers to a disciplined process for project planning and execution; it was developed to address challenges such as cost and schedule overruns in the industrial construction sector. Case studies conducted on AWP report a number of benefits in the areas of productivity, cost, safety, and schedule. However, since there is no clear method to assess the costs and benefits of AWP implementation, a significant challenge in AWP adoption is the lack of quantitative evidence to support these reported benefits. This paper presents a structured framework to assess multiple aspects of AWP implementation, which will enable the quantification of both its costs and benefits. The framework will enable the future comparison of AWP and non-AWP projects. This paper contributes to the industrial construction sector by providing a framework to assess AWP implementation in practice.
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Oliver, Bobbie. "“No Place for Tourists”: Deaths on Western Australian Construction Sites." Labour History: Volume 119, Issue 1 119, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2020.21.
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The deaths of three young “backpackers” on Perth building sites is the starting point for this investigation of an industry that is ranked the third most dangerous in Western Australia. All were on a working holiday. They were unskilled, untrained and underpaid, revealing aspects of the construction industry since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The article suggests these fatalities are occurring, despite OHS reforms and mandatory training, because the decline of trade union rights and presence on work sites has led to inadequate policing and enforcement of safety measures. Deregulation and employers’ over-emphasis on productivity have resulted in an unskilled, casual workforce and a culture of blaming individual employees rather than management, which has created a climate of fear where those who draw attention to safety breaches risk losing their jobs. The article considers arguments for introducing industrial manslaughter legislation, but the evidence suggests that the most effective solutions are to restore union rights. This would encourage a culture in which workers have a voice, and pointing out safety breaches on sites could be rewarded, rather than penalised.
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Wu, Danjie. "Impact of Green Total Factor Productivity in Marine Economy Based on Entropy Method." Polish Maritime Research 25, s3 (December 1, 2018): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0123.
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Abstract In order to improve the efficiency of marine economic production and realize the sustainable and healthy development of marine economy, the spatial-temporal and dynamic evolution trend of marine economic green production efficiency in coastal areas of China is analysed by means of SFA basic model, coefficient of variation, coefficient of Gini and entropy method. It mainly includes three aspects: the result analysis of marine economy green production efficiency; the dynamic trend analysis of marine economy green production efficiency; the analysis of factors affecting marine economy green production efficiency. The results show that the factors affecting the total factor productivity of the marine economy are: development level of marine economy, marine material capital, level of opening to the outside world, marine industrial structure, marine human capital and marine environmental governance.
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Zhao, Mingliang, Yue Gao, Qing Liu, and Wei Sun. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Urban Green Total Factor Productivity and the Mechanism Test." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 12183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912183.
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This paper employs the slack-based model directional distance function to measure the green total factor productivity of each city, using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019 and considering the unexpected output. The results are as follows: ① Foreign direct investment significantly suppresses the improvement of urban green total factor productivity, and the negative impact on the green technology progress index is the main reason to inhibit the increase of the green total factor productivity. The results are still significant through a series of robustness tests such as replacing variables and eliminating outliers; the positive intermediary effect of scientific and technological innovation exists, and the Sobel test and bootstrap random sampling test are passed. The upgrading of industrial structure has a positive regulating effect on the improvement of urban green total factor productivity. ② The impact of foreign direct investment on urban green total factor productivity has regional heterogeneity. The inhibitory effect of foreign direct investment on resource-based cities and non-coastal cities is greater than that on non-resource-based cities and coastal cities, and the negative impact on China-Europe train opening cities is greater than that on non-opening cities. Accordingly, the paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of improving the quality of foreign direct investment and implementing differentiated management.
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Warren, Andrew, and Chris Gibson. "Blue-Collar Creativity: Reframing Custom-Car Culture in the Imperilled Industrial City." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 43, no. 11 (November 2011): 2705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a44122.
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This paper hitches a ride with young car enthusiasts to explore how their vehicles catalyse a unique form of vernacular creativity, in a seemingly imperilled industrial city setting. While television and print media regularly demonise young drivers for street racing and ‘hoon’ behaviour, this paper purposely adopts a different perspective, on circuits of production and qualitative aspects of the urban custom-car design scene that constitute forms of vernacular creativity. Beyond moral panics little is known about movements, networks, and linkages between custom cars, young enthusiasts, and urban spaces from which their activities emerge. Utilising responsive, in-depth ethnographic methods in Wollongong, Australia, this paper interprets custom-car design as vernacular creativity, valued by young people and located across unassuming and unheralded urban spaces. The possibility that custom-car designers possess skills that are assets for ‘blue-collar’ industrial cities is contrasted against a backdrop of wider discourses depicting such cities as economically vulnerable, as ‘victims' of restructuring—and even ‘uncreative’. Insights relevant to future research on the politics of planning, creative industries, and class identities are also discussed.
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Creighton, Colin, Paul I. Boon, Justin D. Brookes, and Marcus Sheaves. "Repairing Australia's estuaries for improved fisheries production – what benefits, at what cost?" Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 6 (2015): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14041.
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An Australia-wide assessment of ~1000 estuaries and embayments undertaken by the National Land and Water Resources Audit of 1997–2002 indicated that ~30% were modified to some degree. The most highly degraded were in New South Wales, where ~40% were classified as ‘extensively modified’ and <10% were ‘near pristine’. Since that review, urban populations have continued to grow rapidly, and increasing pressures for industrial and agricultural development in the coastal zone have resulted in ongoing degradation of Australia's estuaries and embayments. This degradation has had serious effects on biodiversity, and commercial and recreational fishing. A business case is developed that shows that an Australia-wide investment of AU$350 million into repair will be returned in less than 5 years. This return is merely from improved productivity of commercial fisheries of a limited number of fish, shellfish and crustacean species. Estuary repair represents an outstanding return on investment, possibly far greater than most of Australia's previous environmental repair initiatives and with clearly demonstrated outcomes across the Australian food and services economies.
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Evans, Suzanna M., Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Alistair G. B. Poore, Keryn F. Bain, and Adriana Vergés. "Genotypic richness predicts phenotypic variation in an endangered clonal plant." PeerJ 4 (February 18, 2016): e1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1633.
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Declines in genetic diversity within a species can affect the stability and functioning of populations. The conservation of genetic diversity is thus a priority, especially for threatened or endangered species. The importance of genetic variation, however, is dependent on the degree to which it translates into phenotypic variation for traits that affect individual performance and ecological processes. This is especially important for predominantly clonal species, as no single clone is likely to maximise all aspects of performance. Here we show that intraspecific genotypic diversity as measured using microsatellites is a strong predictor of phenotypic variation in morphological traits and shoot productivity of the threatened, predominantly clonal seagrassPosidonia australis, on the east coast of Australia. Biomass and surface area variation was most strongly predicted by genotypic richness, while variation in leaf chemistry (phenolics and nitrogen) was unrelated to genotypic richness. Genotypic richness did not predict tissue loss to herbivores or epiphyte load, however we did find that increased herbivore damage was positively correlated with allelic richness. Although there was no clear relationship between higher primary productivity and genotypic richness, variation in shoot productivity within a meadow was significantly greater in more genotypically diverse meadows. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by environmental conditions varied among different genotypes, and there was generally no variation in phenotypic traits among genotypes present in the same meadows. Our results show that genotypic richness as measured through the use of presumably neutral DNA markers does covary with phenotypic variation in functionally relevant traits such as leaf morphology and shoot productivity. The remarkably long lifespan of individualPosidoniaplants suggests that plasticity within genotypes has played an important role in the longevity of the species. However, the strong link between genotypic and phenotypic variation suggests that a range of genotypes is still the best case scenario for adaptation to and recovery from predicted environmental change.
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Wen, Huwei, Weifeng Deng, and Quanen Guo. "The effects of the environmental protection tax law on heavily polluting firms in China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): e0261342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261342.
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In 2016, China implemented an environmental protection tax (EPTL2016) to promote the transformation and upgrading of heavily polluting industries through tax leverage. Using panel data of China’s listed companies, this study assesses the treatment effects of the EPTL2016 on the transformation and upgrading of heavily polluting firms by incorporating the intermediary role of the financial market. The empirical findings show that the EPTL2016 significantly reduced the innovation investment and productivity of heavily polluting firms but had no significant effect on fixed-asset investment. Additionally, EPTL2016 reduced the supply of bank loans to heavily polluting firms and increased the value of growth options for private enterprises and the efficiency of the supply of long-term loans to heavily polluting firms. Although the environmental policy of EPTL2016 benefits the transformation and upgrading of heavily polluting industries in many aspects, it generally hinders the industrial upgrading because of the reduction of bank loans.
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Mirgaux, Olivier, Hélène Anselmi, and Fabrice Patisson. "Environmental Performances of Various CCU Options in the Framework of an Integrated Chemical Plant." Membranes 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110815.
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Several carbon capture processes are investigated to separate a part of the CO2 contained in the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant located in a chemical integrated plant, with the objective of using it as a raw material in a production process. The expected results are to reduce the impact on global warming potential (GWP) and to increase the productivity of the plant. The study is based on the modelling of the combination of systems in the plant using a process simulation software and using life cycle assessment to evaluate both technical feasibility and environmental aspects. Models for the power plant, the production processes, amine chemical absorption, membrane separation and adsorption on activated coal are developed and validated against industrial and literature data. The life cycle inventory is obtained from the mass and energy balances given by the systems model. A first set of calculations is launched with a high purity requirement for the CO2 stream (95%) recycled into the process. Those calculations show a 12% increase in productivity for the chemical process considered, but result in no significant gain in terms of GWP. Conversely, scenarios with a lower CO2 purity (40%) show a drop around 9% of the impacts on GWP using membrane separation and activated coal adsorption, while keeping the other impacts at about the same level.
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Korovin, G. B. "Efficiency of Government Support for the Manufacturing Sector in Russian Industrial Regions." Economy of Region 17, no. 4 (2021): 1256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-4-15.
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The Russian manufacturing sector is concentrated in regions considered as potential centres of technological development, productivity growth and long-term export opportunities. Realization of this potential requires the timely implementation of effective support measures. Using relevant statistics, the study aims to analyse how budget subsidies affect the dynamic and structural aspects of the development of Russian industrial regions. The research methodology is based on assessing the total budgetary cost of government support and correlating it with regional industrial indicators. To this end, data from the Treasury of Russia, statistical indicators, industry databases and target indicators were examined. The study revealed that government subsidies not always positively affect the industry target parameters, even distorting market mechanisms. In general, the implementation of state programmes in Russia has led to an increase in export volumes, costs for innovative activities and labour productivity with stable employment in industry. However, in industrial regions, an increase in the share of the manufacturing sector does not cause an increase in economic growth. In addition, fixed capital investment in the manufacturing sector is lower in these regions. A sharp increase in the number of high performance employees due to the implementation of support measures was observed in Russia and individual industrial regions. In terms of innovative activity, the number of patent applications in industrial regions is significantly lower than the national average. The efficiency of industry support measures in the Russian Federation can be re-evaluated based on the obtained results. Future research will focus on further detailing the budgetary cost of government support and assessing its long-term results.
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Larentis, Fabiano, Rafael Giovanella, and Tatiane Pellin Cislaghi. "Sustainability in Clusters: Proposal of a Conceptual Model." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 212–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v12i3.1937.
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The growing industrial restructure and movements of cooperation, increase pressures by reducing costs and increasing productivity, thus it has generated the formation of new arrangements between the companies, with focus on clusters. The clusters are formed when the similar areas and geographical aspects are concentrated and where the expertise and innovation are essential for companies to reach markets beyond their borders. On the other hand, one of the challenges in developing a cluster is related to its sustainability, in the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Thus, in this essay, we propose a conceptual model that addresses the relationship between clusters and sustainability, taking into account the perspective of networks. Such a model, spiral shaped, involves basic (actors, governance mechanisms, resources and location), intermediate (cluster strength and openness, integration and adaptation, knowledge creation / inventory and movement, exploitation and exploration actions) and resulting aspects (performance and sustainability of the cluster), in a context of life cycle and environmental dynamics.
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Mariano, Emilia, Francesco Nucci, Antonio del Prete, and Antonio Grieco. "Minimization of Energy Consumptions by Means of an Intelligent Production Scheduling." Key Engineering Materials 639 (March 2015): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.525.
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Nowadays achieving overall sustainability in industrial activities is the natural consequence of diminishing non-renewable resources and stricter regulations related to environment and occupational safety/health.In industrial sector, CO2 emissions derive both from direct and indirect emissions. The second type is due to the use of electricity and currently represents more than thirty percent of global amount. For this reason energy consumption reduction is critical aspect in several industrial environments. Power consumption reduction is possible by modifying manufacturing conditions, utilizing alternative technologies and increasing resource utilization rate.The current market demand is characterized by request of small lots with different characteristics, which requires a complex management of the manufacturing production flow.Production planning and scheduling models, arising in flexible manufacturing environments, allows to combine several aspects such as: technological questions (e.g.: minimize manufacturing times and costs) economic criteria (e.g.: maximize production rate) and environmental prospective (e.g.: emissions reduction). A good manufacturing scheduling allows to saturate the system, avoiding bottlenecks, by means of the adaptation of the plant productivity to the request one.In this paper, authors describe an optimization framework focused on the minimization of energy and production costs by means of an intelligent production scheduling. In order to assess the performances, different real case production scenarios, in which the manufacturing activity is mainly based on machining operations, have been analyzed. In this work, several technologies, with various capabilities, have been taken into account in order to perform production activities. In addition, the scheduling has the possibility of using production technologies with low environmental impact and lower productivity, where the increase of the activity duration does not deteriorate the system performance. In this way several production schedules are feasible and the main scheduling aim focuses in obtaining the required productivity to fulfill demand and minimize energy consumption.
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Schrale, G., R. Boardman, and M. J. Blaskett. "Investigating Land Based Disposal of Bolivar Reclaimed Water, South Australia." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0022.
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The Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works (STW) processes the urban and industrial sewage from the northern and eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The treatment capacity is equivalent to the sewage production of 1.1 million people. The disposal of more than 40 000 ML of reclaimed water into the sea has caused a progressive degradation of about 950 ha of seagrass beds which threatens the sustainability of the fisheries and marine ecosystems of Gulf St. Vincent. The current practice will no longer be viable to achieve compliance with the SA Marine Environment Protection Act, 1990. A Inter-Departmental Working Party recommmended that the Bolivar reclaimed water be disposed by irrigation of suitable land on the coastal plains north of Adelaide. They proposed the construction of two pipelines: a 12 km long pipeline to extend the distribution of reclaimed water in the most intense portion of the 3 500 hectares of irrigated horticulture on the Northern Adelaide Plains, and a second, 18 km long pipeline to deliver the remainder to a more northerly site for irrigation of an estimated 4 000 hectares of hardwood plantations. The paper summarizes the findings as they relate to public health, environmental, technical and financial aspects of land based disposal. Land based disposal would completely eliminate the marine degradation and also arrest the over-use of the NAP underground water resources for horticulture. The total net costs over thirty years for land based disposal are about $ 21.8 million. The ‘horticultural' pipeline of the land based disposal scheme is expected to be commercially viable. A shortfall in revenue from the afforestation component is expected and may need to be considered as an environmental cost of ceasing marine disposal.
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Tomun, Nattapong, and Rapeeporn Benjapitakdilok. "Study of Development Direction of Undergraduate Curriculum at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi." Journal Of Technical Education Development 35, no. 124 (December 1, 2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14416/j.ted.2022.08.008.
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The objective of this research was to study the current state of the undergraduate program at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. The target group used in research was 65 lecturers at the bachelor’s degree program at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi selected by purposive sampling. The tools used for data collection were open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires. The data were analyzed using content analysis method. The closed-end questionnaire was an estimate. Data were analyzed to determine the mean and standard deviation. The research results found that the current state of the undergraduate program at Faculty of Industrial Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi was at a high suitability level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the level of suitability was at a high level in all aspects with the suitability level sorted in descending order for each aspect as follows: environmental context, teaching and learning management, productivity, and input factors.
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Bhatt, Payal Harshad, and Jayalakshmy Ramachandran. "Extent of environmental disclosures - a case of sensitive industries in Singapore and Malaysia." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 4 (2010): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i4c1p2.
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The purpose of this comparative study is to examine the extent to which information is available to stakeholders on the environmental issues from the annual reports of listed companies in Singapore and Malaysia focusing on Sectors (Construction and manufacturing) that are environmentally sensitive. Many studies in the past had tried to capture the relationship between environmental reporting against financial performances, management motives and effects on share prices of the companies operating in respective countries. This study is striving to capture the extent of information on environmental aspects available to stakeholders in Malaysia and Singapore focusing only on Sectors (Construction and manufacturing) that are environmentally sensitive. The researchers used cross sectional content analysis based on the annual reports of companies listed in the Construction and manufacturing/ industrial sector for the year 2007. The companies were selected from Stock Exchange of Singapore (SGX) and Bursa Malaysia (KLSE). A framework developed by Adams & Frost (2007) identified seven parameters to perform content analysis and observed performance related disclosure among organizations in Australia against organizations in the U.K. This study also used similar framework with addition of just one more parameter. It was found that the extent of information disclosed by organizations in Singapore for both construction and Manufacturing /Industrial sector is lower compared to organizations in Malaysia in both the sectors. This alerts the analysts that while talking about green accounting, one could walk the talk better by disclosing more information and making environmental issues or concerns more transparent.
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Khan, Shakir, and Mohammed Altayar. "Industrial internet of things: Investigation of the applications, issues, and challenges." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.013.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly becoming a major component of contemporary societies and the next stage of the Internet’s development. Its applications have touched several aspects of our lives, including health, economy, technology, education, environment, and transport. In addition, recent research shows that interest in the IoT is increasing, driven by the potential benefits that it brings, such as improving efficiency and productivity, saving time and effort, staying connected, better health services and care, improved safety and security, automation and control among other benefits. However, despite these advantages and due to the infancy of the IoT, research around this topic is still evolving, and more needs to be done to understand this paradigm of technology. This paper aims to review current applications and challenges associated with its adoption. It provides insights into current applications of the IoT in different domains, including smart cities, health care, smart agriculture, smart water management, retail, logistic and product lifetime management, smart living, public safety and environmental monitoring, and the IoT for physically challenged persons. Concerning the challenges, the study discusses issues related to confidentiality, security, and privacy, data management, machine-to-machine communication, interoperability, reliability, availability and robustness, technological architecture issues, and standardization. Finally, the study concludes with a summary of the findings and suggestions for future research.
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Reiman, Arto, and Seppo Väyrynen. "Review of Regional Workplace Development Cases." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jskd.2011010103.
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The labour-intensive manufacturing industry faces many working-life challenges in the rural, sparsely populated northern areas of Finland at both operational and strategic levels. These challenges vary, being in interaction with both technical and social systems and their combinations. In this paper, the authors review and evaluate needs, actions and results carried out to improve work and productivity in three regional industrial development cases. The actions discussed in this paper, such as work environment management, change management in general and the sociotechnical approach, are essential for the success of enterprises. Using the results of this research as a basis for developing design knowledge, two guidelines for strategic management purposes are proposed. These guidelines implement sociotechnical aspects into the work environment and its management, and recognise that it is important to focus on human and organisational factors in addition to technical end environmental aspects. A proposal for a specific, unique self-assessment tool for evaluating the level of the quality of the work environment in SMEs is also suggested.
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Connor, David J. "Adaptation of olive (Olea europaea L.) to water-limited environments." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05169.
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Olive has been widely grown around the Mediterranean Basin for around 5000 years, where productivity and survival of this long-lived evergreen tree in environments of low and variable rainfall depend on physiological characteristics but also on management. The tree exercises effective control of water loss by transpiration and can also withstand intense internal water deficit that in turn increases extraction of water from soil. Critical aspects of management that maintain, albeit limited, transpiration and metabolic activity during hot dry summer months, are directed at both crop and understorey. Strategic decisions are selection of cultivar, tree density, and canopy size, together with surface management as tilled soil or as cover crop of selected species. Tactical adjustments are seen in extra pruning of olives and timing of tillage, or of grazing, mowing, or herbicides to restrict growth and water use of the understorey, especially following dry winters and during dry summers. Survival of olive orchards in low-rainfall climates requires that canopies intercept a small proportion of incident radiation, depending upon rainfall amount, distribution, and soil water storage capacity. Crop water balance models can assist in defining optimum canopy size for productivity and survival. New olive production in the Mediterranean and now extending widely in the ‘New World’, including in Australia, deviates widely from traditional practice. Orchards are planted at higher density, are generally irrigated, and trees are formed to suit mechanical pruning and harvesting. The environmental adaptation and understanding of water relations of olive in traditional systems are of limited applicability to these new production systems. Rather, there are now new emphases on nutrition, irrigation, canopy management, assimilate relationships, and fruiting performance to add to the existing questions of the suitability of cultivars to new environments in terms of productivity and oil quality.
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Fronczek, Judith, John D. Gilbert, and Roger W. Byard. "Forensic issues arising in the assessment of chlorine-related deaths in a domestic setting." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00258024211002737.
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A retrospective review of autopsy files at the Forensic Science South Australia, Australia, was undertaken over a 20-year period from January 2000 to December 2019 for all cases where chlorine had caused or contributed to death. Two cases were identified out of a total of 25,121 autopsies (0.008%): a 53-year-old man who committed suicide in a cellar with granulated chlorine, and a 49-year-old woman with asthma who died of acute bronchospasm due to exposure to chlorine gas while mixing swimming pool chemicals in her kitchen. Chlorine-related deaths are uncommon in domestic situations. However, the absence of biomarkers and non-specific findings at autopsy complicate the diagnosis, particularly as environmental levels are not stable. While accidents with cleaning agents or swimming pool reagents are the most common event in the literature in domestic settings (exclusive of industrial or transportation accidents), suicide may also very rarely occur. Individuals with asthma and chronic respiratory diseases are at higher risk of an adverse outcome upon exposure to chlorine gas, with inattention to proper storage conditions and handling protocols being additional risk factors.
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Hasugian, Hotbin, Etty Murwaningsari, and Yvonne Augustine Sudibyo. "The Implementation of Environmental Management System to Moderate the Relationship Between the Green Strategy and Company Performance." Journal of World Science 1, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 944–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jws.v1i11.109.
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Introduction: The aspects of the highest pollution levels required a green strategy solution and the implementation of an Environmental Management System to improve the company's performance. This study aims to test and analyze environmental management systems' green strategy and implementation. Method: This study uses primary data collected using questionnaires from respondents using the Purposive sampling technique. The number of questionnaires that can be used is as many as 142, with the company analysis unit of State-Owned Enterprises and private companies included in the green industry list from 185 total questionnaires. Data were processed and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by the alternative Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Result: The green strategy affects the company's performance. Meanwhile, applying the Environment Management System has no effect as a reinforcement of the relationship of green strategy on the company performance. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the company’s strategy, state-owned enterprises, and private companies in determining green-oriented vision and goals. Conclusion: The Green strategy impacts the company's performance; it is proven that a good green plan will increase the company's performance produced by state-owned enterprises. A low green method will decrease the performance of the company made by state-owned enterprises and private industrial companies. The implementation of Environmental Management Systems cannot increase the impact of the green strategy on the productivity of industrial organizations, state-owned enterprises, and private companies.
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Li, Boxun. "Dynamic Evaluation and System Coordination Degree of the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Real Economy." Complexity 2021 (June 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539793.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is an important driving force of the new round of technological revolution and industrial change, and the development of a new generation of AI can help improve comprehensive national power and promote healthy and sustainable economic development. AI can promote economic development through four ways. First, AI replaces labor, expands labor connotation, increases labor supply, and enriches labor wealth; AI empowers laborers and improves labor productivity. Second, AI empowers the three industries and improves production efficiency. Third, AI creates consumer surplus and improves social welfare. Fourth, AI empowers government to correct government failure and improve government efficiency, which in turn corrects market failure and improves economic efficiency. The economic subsystem covers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of economic growth, economic structure, economic efficiency, and economic support. Environmental subsystems are divided into environmental quality, environmental pollution, and environmental protection. While using AI to promote economic development, it is also important to strengthen the research and prevention of potential risks of AI development to ensure that AI is safe, reliable, and controllable.
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Assis, Teotônio Francisco, and Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende. "Genetic improvement of forest tree species." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, spe (June 2011): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000500007.
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Brazilian forestry sector is considered one of the most developed in the world, being the base for important industrial segments which use wood as raw material. Tree breeding has played an important role on improving the competitiveness of Brazilian forestry-based companies, especially for its positive reflexes on increasing adaptation, forestry productivity and wood quality. In spite of the importance of other forest trees for the economy, such as Schizolobium, Araucaria, Populus and Hevea, the main genera under genetic improvement in the country are Eucalyptus, Pinus, Acacia and Tectona. They are used by industries like pulp and paper, siderurgy, tannin, chips for exportation and lumber, constituting an important source of revenues for the Brazilian's economy, besides their positive social and environmental impacts. This paper presents a generic approach to genetic improvement aspects of these four major genera currently undergoing breeding in Brazil.
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Ulyanova, Ludmila, and Yuliia Chaika. "INNOVATIVE ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.218.
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Introduction. To date, innovations have not had a significant impact on the Ukrainian economy, and at the same time the general macroeconomic situation does not contribute to the intensification of innovation in the business environment. Under the current conditions, Ukraine is forced to use and borrow production and management technologies from leading countries, to catch up with them in technological, innovative and technical development. In this regard, the country needs to focus on the continuous implementation of innovation as a priority of the country's sustainable development strategy. Purpose of the work is to consider the relationship and interdependence of innovation and sustainable development, to determine the impact of innovation on the economic, social and environmental components of development. Considerable attention is paid to identifying the features of innovation in Ukraine based on the analysis of the Global Innovation Index, the share of enterprises implementing innovations and the volume of sold innovative industrial products. Method (methodology). A systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis are used to identify the impact of innovation on the components of sustainable development. Historical and statistical methods are used in the analysis of the peculiarities of innovation in Ukraine. Results. Innovation processes and innovation activities affect the economic, social and environmental components of sustainable development. Impact on the economic component will reduce production costs, increase productivity, profitability and increase profits, improve product quality, create new sectors of the economy, increase GDP and increase the country's competitiveness, replenish the budget, increase the share of innovative products in general and in exports in particular . The impact on the social component will be manifested in better meeting the needs of society, improving the duration, quality and standard of living, improving the quality of education. Changes in the environmental component will take place under the influence of innovations in the form of conservation of natural resources and reduction of emissions into the environment. The analysis of the peculiarities of innovation activity in Ukraine showed that innovations in Ukraine are underdeveloped and need to be intensified to build sustainable development. The obtained results can be used in the development of a strategy for sustainable development of Ukraine and the implementation of its policy in economic life.
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Mason, W. K., K. Lamb, and B. Russell. "The Sustainable Grazing Systems Program: new solutions for livestock producers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02087.
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The Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) Program was established in 1996 to address the issues of declining pasture productivity and sustainability in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm/year) of southern Australia. The program goal was that 'by June 2001, at least 2000 producers in the high rainfall zone will have adopted changes to their grazing systems that can be shown to be at least 10% more profitable, and more sustainable, than those used prior to participating in SGS. A further 5000 producers will have trialed at least part of the recommended changes'. There were 4 interacting activities within SGS, collectively focused on delivering this goal. These were: (i)�a National Experiment to develop the principles and quantify the relationships; (ii) a regional producer network to determine and deliver on local producer priorities; (iii) training and skills development courses; and (iv) integration and management to ensure the goal was met in an efficient and effective manner. Producer input and ownership were considered essential and were built in at all levels of program activity and management. Independent surveys confirmed that SGS assisted large numbers of producers to make substantial change in farm practices. SGS met its goal by developing and delivering knowledge about more profitable and sustainable grazing systems to a network of almost 10 000 livestock producers across southern Australia. Critical elements of SGS included research, skills training and support for producer groups, on-farm trials and demonstrations, and farm-walks for producers to share information and experiences. A 'triple bottom line' approach was adopted to assess and report on the impacts of the program on the financial, social and environmental capital of the grazing industries in the high rainfall zone. In keeping with the triple bottom line approach, this special edition contains papers that report on biophysical, economic, environmental and social aspects of the program.
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Ungwanitban, Jidapa, Tabish Nawab, and Syed Moin-ud-Din Shah. "An Application of Quadratic EKC model: Energy Use, Economic Development, and Environmental Quality for Thailand." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0102.0010.
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This study examines the validation the relationship of environmental and energy for Thailand. Further this study examined the impact of economic growth, non-renewable and renewable energy and FDI on environment, with the help of time series data from 1990 to 2018 with ecological damage indicator, i.e., emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). This study applied Autoregressive (ARDL) Distributed Lag model for testing the cointegration in the model. In the long run, the results of this study confirm the existence of cointegration in the model. However, the negative effect of growth on the environment confirms the existence of the Kuznets Environmental Curve (EKC), which means that economic growth harms Thailand’s environment. Renewable energy and foreign direct investment are the key aspects that reduce environmental degradation in Thailand during the study period. Therefore, the government must redouble its efforts to reduce carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, perhaps through regulatory intervention or mandatory renewable energy applications for individual household and industrial segments. For example, the manufacturing sectors, iron, and steel must prioritize, reducing the high non-renewable energy consumption for those which are renewable. The government must introduce specific measures and campaigns for environmental protection for future generations as well as introduce taxes for polluters. Another relevant recommendation is to create an industry that relies on low energy consumption compared to high productivity levels.
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Cucuzza, J. "MULTI-CLIENT COLLABORATIVE R&D CONTRIBUTING TO NATIONAL PROSPERITY: A TALE OF TWO INDUSTRIES." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97053.
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The business landscape has undergone some significant changes over the last several years. Accompanying these changes has been an alignment of corporate R&D with business goals. This has resulted in significant downsizing of corporate research laboratories and the devolving responsibility for R&D matters to operating sites or business units. The downside of this is that the operations are now more than ever focussing on productivity, industrial relations and other essential short-term profitability-motivated issues. Consequently, the changing environment is creating cultures that value and reward short-term results. This short-termism has important implications to industry and the research community.One of the more successful and cost-effective mechanisms by which Australia can enhance its R&D base and consequent prosperity is through collaborative R&D. The Australian Minerals Industries Research Association (AMIRA), together with its oil and gas Division APIRA, has demonstrated over the years how effective this can be. AMIRA's raison d'etre is to assist the resource industries improve their technology position through collaborative R&D. It achieves this by working closely with researchers and industry to identify areas of common interest, develop research proposals, and seek financial support for these proposals from industry. Once a project commences, the Association administers the financial and reporting aspects, as well as monitoring progress, organising progress review meetings and assisting in technology transfer. AMIRA/APIRA has the track record, the systems and expertise to facilitate and manage collaborative R&D focussing on industry needs.The evolution of the Australian collaborative R&D environment in the oil and gas and minerals sectors has been significantly different. The oil and gas industry, particularly in exploration, does not have a history of strong collaborative R&D in Australia. The reasons for this are varied and can be found in the different corporate cultures between mineral and oil and gas companies.
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Jadchenko, D. S. "EXPERIENCE IN USE OF RECUPERATIVE BURNERS DEVICES IN FURNACES OF PERIODIC ACTION FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF BLANKS IN SPC-2 OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-4-32-36.
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In building and modernizing industrial furnaces the following important factors should be taken into account: on the one hand, economic efficiency must be ensured, and on the other hand it is important to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, improve the working conditions of personnel, etc. At the same time, constantly increasing requirements for productivity and environmental friendliness should not adversely affect the period of cost recovery.This article considers the experience of using recuperative burners. Both positive and negative aspects of the use of burners are considered from the point of view of economics, ecology and technology.An important initial point of cost optimization is the correct choice of a heating system complete with an automatic control system. One example of an effective heating system is a burner with a built in air heating system (recuperative burner), which saves fuel, reduces harmful emissions and simultaneously improves the technical and economic performance of the furnaces.
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Chambers, Jeffrey Q., and Whendee L. Silver. "Some aspects of ecophysiological and biogeochemical responses of tropical forests to atmospheric change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1443 (March 29, 2004): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1424.
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Atmospheric changes that may affect physiological and biogeochemical processes in old–growth tropical forests include: (i) rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration; (ii) an increase in land surface temperature; (iii) changes in precipitation and ecosystem moisture status; and (iv) altered disturbance regimes. Elevated CO 2 is likely to directly influence numerous leaf–level physiological processes, but whether these changes are ultimately reflected in altered ecosystem carbon storage is unclear. The net primary productivity (NPP) response of old–growth tropical forests to elevated CO 2 is unknown, but unlikely to exceed the maximum experimentally measured 25% increase in NPP with a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 from pre–industrial levels. In addition, evolutionary constraints exhibited by tropical plants adapted to low CO 2 levels during most of the Late Pleistocene, may result in little response to increased carbon availability. To set a maximum potential response for a Central Amazon forest, using an individual–tree–based carbon cycling model, a modelling experiment was performed constituting a 25% increase in tree growth rate, linked to the known and expected increase in atmospheric CO 2 . Results demonstrated a maximum carbon sequestration rate of ca . 0.2 Mg C per hectare per year (ha −1 yr −1 , where 1 ha = 10 4 m 2 ), and a sequestration rate of only 0.05 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 for an interval centred on calendar years 1980–2020. This low rate results from slow growing trees and the long residence time of carbon in woody tissues. By contrast, changes in disturbance frequency, precipitation patterns and other environmental factors can cause marked and relatively rapid shifts in ecosystem carbon storage. It is our view that observed changes in tropical forest inventory plots over the past few decades is more probably being driven by changes in disturbance or other environmental factors, than by a response to elevated CO 2 . Whether these observed changes in tropical forests are the beginning of long–term permanent shifts or a transient response is uncertain and remains an important research priority.
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Dementev, Dmitriy. "The impact of advanced technology on the corporate economy." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 136–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202167.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the evolution of advanced technologies and its impact on the development of the economy. The processes of mutual influence of advanced industrial technologies and trends in the formation of technological structures attract the attention of economists, engineers, and sociologists. A human being is constantly trying to conceive the algorithms for assessing mutual influence of advanced technologies on technological progress, on global and national economies. Scientific discussion will lead to valuable practical results if scientists speak «the same language», use a unified interpretation of technical, economic, statistical, social terms. It is crucial to place social aspects of technological progress in the forefront since technological development is to solve the problem of the most technological or economical satisfaction of human needs. The purpose of this work is to investigate the existence of mutual relationship between the use of intellectual property and the economic development of Russia’s manufacturing industries. The methodology is based on the principles of the consistency of scientific research, objectivity, causation of phenomena in the economy. The paper applies the methods of economic and statistical analysis and presents a brief overview of scientific publications on the impact of advanced technologies on economic development for the period of 2018-2020. The author puts forward a hypothesis that an empirical analysis of advanced technologies in the production of electronic products will show the degree of patents influence on industry productivity. The findings demonstrate that technologies have a weak influence on productivity both on the economy at large and in manufacturing industry. Therefore, patenting the technologies should be scientifically substantiated and it is imperative to confirm the promise of advanced technologies for sustainable development.
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Dementev, Dmitriy. "The impact of advanced technology on the corporate economy." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 136–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202147.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the evolution of advanced technologies and its impact on the development of the economy. The processes of mutual influence of advanced industrial technologies and trends in the formation of technological structures attract the attention of economists, engineers, and sociologists. A human being is constantly trying to conceive the algorithms for assessing mutual influence of advanced technologies on technological progress, on global and national economies. Scientific discussion will lead to valuable practical results if scientists speak «the same language», use a unified interpretation of technical, economic, statistical, social terms. It is crucial to place social aspects of technological progress in the forefront since technological development is to solve the problem of the most technological or economical satisfaction of human needs. The purpose of this work is to investigate the existence of mutual relationship between the use of intellectual property and the economic development of Russia’s manufacturing industries. The methodology is based on the principles of the consistency of scientific research, objectivity, causation of phenomena in the economy. The paper applies the methods of economic and statistical analysis and presents a brief overview of scientific publications on the impact of advanced technologies on economic development for the period of 2018-2020. The author puts forward a hypothesis that an empirical analysis of advanced technologies in the production of electronic products will show the degree of patents influence on industry productivity. The findings demonstrate that technologies have a weak influence on productivity both on the economy at large and in manufacturing industry. Therefore, patenting the technologies should be scientifically substantiated and it is imperative to confirm the promise of advanced technologies for sustainable development.
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Harison, Elad, and Ofer Barkai. "Improving The Organization Of Waste Management Sites: An Operational Perspective." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2012): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i11.7364.
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Waste management (WM) operations include a broad variety of processes that aim at removing waste from industrial and private facilities. The waste is treated in different ways in waste management sites, which engage in recycling, landfilling and incinerating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The paper examines the effects of the organization of the WM site and its internal work procedures on its productivity and efficiency, measured by the quantity of processed waste and recycled material. The improvement of waste processing is essential from the environmental standpoint, but has also operational and economic aspects that are important for the proper operation of WM sites.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
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Z., Derii, Konoplia N., and Memetov A. "STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS DIGITALIZATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF UKRAINE." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 44 (December 20, 2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-44-4.
Full textAbstract:
The main aspects of the essence of digitalization processes in the national economy and in particular in the agroindustrial complex is considered in the article. The vector of the study is focused on taking into account the principles of sustainability in the development of strategies for digitization of the agroindustrial complex and the risks associated with the onset of the pandemic of coronavirus disease COVID 19 caused by SARSCoV2. The digital transformation of society and all sectors of the economy is manifested in the transition from the industrial period and analog technologies to the era of knowledge, creativity and inno-vation. Today, digital technologies are implemented as part of business processes, their application reduces costs, increases productivity and efficiency of management decisions. The main goals of digital development for the state are to accelerate eco-nomic growth and opportunity to attract investment; development of economic sectors on the principles of competitiveness and efficiency; digital modernization of industry; development of the digital industry; accessibility to the population of the benefits of the digital world. Achieving the goals of the concept of digital economy development requires the development of a roadmap for digital transformation as a mediumterm measure plan in part of digital transformations. The map should detail specific actions and periodization regarding the introduction of the latest information technologies, management changes. Digitalization in the field of agroindustrial complex is due to modern trends, namely the development of vertically integrated holding structures, inte-gration of global markets, division of markets into upstream and downstream, creation of digital marketplaces, logistics chains, environmental responsibility of business, social responsibility, use achievements of science. The digital economy orients the sphere of agroindustrial complex to the development of digital agriculture and digital animal husbandry, digitalization of rural infrastructure. The development of digitization strategies in the agroindustrial sectors is not considered as a monoprocess, this activity requires a comprehensive approach and involves a number of actions: changing business models, business processes, production processes. The implementation of digitization strategies in the agroindustrial complex will allow to achieve economic, social, environmental effects and realize a number of sustainable development goals.Keywords: agroindustrial complex, digitalization, strategy, sustainable development, rural areas, competitiveness. У статті розглянуто основні аспекти сутності процесів цифровізації у національній економіці та зокрема в АПК. Акцентовано на врахуванні засад сталості під час розроблення стратегій цифровізації агропромислового комплексу та ризиків, пов’язаних із початком пандемії коронавірусної хвороби COVID19, викликаної SARSCoV2. Цифрова економіка орієнтує сферу АПК на розвиток цифрового землеробства та цифрового тваринництва, цифровізацію сільської інфраструктури. Розроблення стратегій цифровізації у секторах АПК не розглядається як монопроцес, ця діяльність вимагає комплексного підходу та передбачає низку дій: зміну бізнесмоделей, бізнеспроцесів, виробничих процесів. Реалізація стратегій цифровізації в АПК дасть змогу досягти економічних, соціальних, екологічних ефектів та реалізувати низку цілей сталого розвитку.Ключові слова: АПК, цифровізація, стратегія, сталий розвиток, сільські території, конкурентоспроможність.
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Lakhtaria, Ketan, Sandip Trivedi, and Anurag Kandya. "Monitoring and Assessing the Environmental Noise along a Busy Traffic Corridor of Ahmedabad City, India." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.20.
Full textAbstract:
Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware of the impacts on their health. The environmental noise, and in particular the road traffic noise, remains a major environmental problem affecting the health and well-being of millions of people. With this background, a comprehensive ‘noise pollution assessment study’ was undertaken for a busy traffic corridor of Ahmedabad city of India. The traffic corridor which spans around 22.25 km passes through a mix of different areas like educational, commercials and residential. A two week long field survey was carried out on this corridor during 10-23 May, 2018 at 24 locations spread over the entire corridor. The assessment reveals that the average noise level always exceeded the prescribed guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for the daytime noise (75 dB (A) for Industrial area, 65 dB (A) for Commercial area, 55 dB (A) for Residential area and 50 dB (A) for Silence zones), which is quite alarming. For a major portion of the traffic corridor (79.6%), even the minimum noise level was above the permissible average noise level which is a matter of great concern. The highest noise level observed was 86.0 dB (A). Clubbing the ranks of the traffic corridor segments for the noise indicators like LAeq, Lmin, Lmax, L90, L50, L10 and LNP revealed that locations like Akhbarnagar followed by Naranpura were in the nosiest. Looking to implications of the high noise levels on the human health and productivity, it is important to initiate suitable mitigation measures. The present comprehensive study brings forth the spatial and quantitative aspects of noise pollution across the busy corridor of the city which would be of great help to the civic administration in understanding the magnitude of the problem and subsequently initiate suitable mitigative measures.