Academic literature on the topic 'Industrial procurement Electronic information resources'

The article explores the sources and factors of forming the competitive advantages and competitiveness of companies based on the systematic implementation of intellectual leadership. The methodological basis of the research includes the theory of competency-based approach, innovative and strategic management. The research information base includes the official data from the Federal State Statistics Service, Russian manufacturing companies and the own scientific research findings. The research results include systematizing the new competitive advantages of companies formed on the basis of intellectual leadership (corporate culture, managing a knowledge system about key stakeholders, smart manufacturing, artificial intelligence) and key competencies. The pyramid of intellectual leadership is presented, which allows companies to build a personnel management strategy taking into account the gradual transition from the business management to collective management, and then to the spiritual leadership. The key competencies are identified and analyzed; they allow to increase the innovative activity of industrial enterprises (Research and Production Corporation United Wagon Company, PJSC; Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant, PJSC; Red October, PJSC). It has been found that in Russia the large metallurgical and car manufacturing companies, food production companies are actively using modern digital technologies (electronic trading platforms, online stores, electronic document management, electronic procurement, online services for customers, electronic procurement for the needs of the enterprise, etc.) for developing their key competencies. In modern conditions digitalization of business processes is becoming an increasingly independent production resource and a key competency of companies contributing to the achievement of strategic development goals. There are considered the operating and emerging clusters in the field of information technologies that can contribute to solving the problems of accelerated digitalization of the economy in the Novgorod region, in the Perm Territory, in the Republic of Tatarstan, and the cluster of information and communication technologies in the Rostov Region.

The transition to a digital economy is becoming a key driver of GDP growth. This is due not only to the effect obtained from the automation of existing processes, but also from the introduction of new, breakthrough business models and technologies, including digital platforms, digital ecosystems, in-depth analytics of big data, Industry 4.0, Logistics 4.0. At the same time, digital transformation is seen as a radical change in the complex of business processes, from product development to customer service, as well as the introduction of modern digital technologies in the organization of business processes in enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analysis the features and trends of organizing logistics activities in the context of digital transformation of business processes; research of the main prerequisites for the formation of the Logistics 4.0 concept; determination of priority directions for its further development in the context of Industry 4.0. Based on the generalization of scientific approaches, the definition of the concept of "Logistics 4.0" has been clarified, which means the modern paradigm of managing logistic (material, financial, information, transport) flows and organizing a complex of logistics activities (purchase and delivery of material resources, warehousing, production, stock formation, recycling of industrial waste, customer service, transportation and sale of finished products) using breakthrough digital technologies and information systems. The priority areas of organizing the logistics activities of enterprises using digital technologies include the following: multichannel logistics; logistics marketplaces; rethinking the use of packaging; mass personalization; Silver Economy (new services for older clients and new opportunities for older workers); sustainable logistics; sharing economy; multi-supply; customer experience; smart containerization; big data analytics; augmented and virtual reality; cloud service applications and APIs; Internet of Things; robotics and automation; new generation wireless communication; blockchain; Artificial Intelligence; unmanned aerial vehicles or "drones"; 3D printing; unmanned vehicles; quantum computing; supergrid logistics; space logistics; the use of digital platforms that unite customers and transport and logistics companies (the parties can enter into digital contracts, exchange transport booking requests and electronic documents, control the delivery of goods in real time). All this can help to reduce costs by optimizing procurement; decrease in personnel costs and decrease in labour costs as a result of automation; reduction of errors in logistics; optimization of the supply process; efficient warehouse management; forecasting shipments; creation of optimal routes; operational planning of loads and control of delivery times; ensuring product delivery on time, improving customer loyalty; optimal interaction with customers on the "last mile".

Purpose The present study aims to assess the resource procurement preferences among the leading academic libraries of the institutes of higher learning across India. The study analyses the amount and percentage of budget spent by the institutions under study during the period 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 on the procurement of print and electronic resources in their libraries. The study also discusses about concerns with regard to the subscription of e-resources and the reasons for weaning interest among the Indian academicians towards the print resources. Design/methodology/approach By and large, the scope of the study is limited to institutes of higher learning across India, but reflects a great deal of relevance to the global higher education practices. The study has been undertaken on the 20 leading institutes each from Universities, Institutes of Management and Institutes of Technology in India, based on the ranking list released by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, on 4 April 2016. Findings The electronic documents are the dominant forms of present day library procurements in India, with the print struggling to retain its readership. The Institutes of Engineering and Technology and Management have almost similar procurement preferences, spending almost three-fourth of their library budgets on the procurement of e-documents. On average, the University libraries in India have spent 43.54 per cent of their budget on the procurement of print resources and 56.46 per cent of their budget on the procurement of electronic resources during the period of study. Similarly, on average, each Institute of Engineering and Technology has spent 24.04 per cent of their library budget on the procurement of print documents and 75.96 per cent towards the procurement of electronic resources, whereas 27.51 per cent of the library budget by the Institutes of Management in India is being spent on the procurement of print resources and 72.49 per cent towards the procurement of electronic resources. Originality/value The study is original and is first of its kind, undertaken on three different category of institutions, based on the national ranking of the country.

PurposeThe oil and gas industry is a crucial economic sector for both developed and developing economies. Delays in extraction and refining of these resources would adversely affect industrial players, including that of the host countries. Supplier selection is one of the most important decisions taken by managers of this industry that affect their supply chain operations. However, determining suitable suppliers to work with has become a phenomenon faced by these managers and their organizations. Furthermore, identifying relevant, critical and important criteria needed to guide these managers and their organizations for supplier selection decisions has become even more complicated due to various criteria that need to be taken into consideration. With limited works in the current literature of supplier selection in the oil and gas industry having major methodological drawbacks, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated approach for supplier selection in the oil and gas industry.Design/methodology/approachTo address this problem, this paper proposes a new uncertain decision framework. A grey-Delphi approach is first applied to aid in the evaluation and refinement of these various available criteria to obtain the most important and relevant criteria for the oil and gas industry. The grey systems theoretic concept is adopted to address the subjectivity and uncertainty in human judgments. The grey-Shannon entropy approach is used to determine the criteria weights, and finally, the grey-EDAS (evaluation based on distance from average solution) method is utilized for determining the ranking of the suppliers.FindingsTo exemplify the applicability and robustness of the proposed approach, this study uses the oil and gas industry of Iran as a case in point. From the literature review, 21 criteria were established and using the grey-Delphi approach, 16 were finally considered. The four top-ranked criteria, using grey-Shannon entropy, include warranty level and experience time, relationship closeness, supplier’s technical level and risks which are considered as the most critical and influential criteria for supplier evaluation in the Iranian oil and gas industry. The ranking of the suppliers is obtained, and the best and worst suppliers are also identified. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the results using the proposed methodology are robust.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach would assist supply chain practicing managers, including purchasing managers, procurement managers and supply chain managers in the oil and gas and other industries, to effectively select suitable suppliers for cooperation. It can also be used for other multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications. Future works on applying other MCDM methods and comparing them with the results of this study can be addressed. Finally, broader and more empirical works are required in the oil and gas industry.Originality/valueThis study is among the first few studies of supplier selection in the oil and gas industry from an emerging economy perspective and sets the stage for future research. The proposed integrated grey-based MCDM approach provides robust results in supplier evaluation and can be used for future domain applications.

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the features of information support and use of digital technologies for creating an electronic format of public procurement logistics in the Russian FederationTasks. The authors investigate the theoretical aspects of the functioning of the public procurement system and assess its efficiency in the Russian economy at the current stage; determine the reasons and objectives for creating an electronic logistics format for procurement activities to meet public needs; analyze potential efficiency following the development of digital logistics in the contract system of public procurement in the Russian Federation.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to analyze the digital development of the public procurement system and determine directions for further development.Results. Improving the functioning of the contract system for procurement activities in the Russian Federation requires information support and practical application of digital technologies to create an electronic format of public procurement logistics. Reasons for the rapid creation and development of the electronic format of public procurement logistics include such factors as the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and digital transformation of the public administration system and the national economy, including the logistics industry. The economic efficiency of the electronic format of public procurement logistics consists in automating logistics processes, increasing integration with other structural authorities that ensure the functioning of the contract system, reducing time costs, preventing corruption and most violations during procurement activities.Conclusion. The digitalization of the national economy and the public procurement system is the result of a necessary process associated not so much with the transition to the post-industrial era or with the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, but rather with the logical continuation of the large-scale public administration reform program that started in the 1980s in Western countries.

The main challenges for industrial companies today are to improve the competitiveness of their products and to adapt and respond quickly to changes in the external environment. Ensuring the effective functioning of an industrial enterprise is largely determined by its procurement activities, including the reliability and consistency of the procurement process. Relevance of the topic is conditioned by the fact that procurement is one of the main components in increasing of competitiveness and efficiency of the enterprise, as the major part of costs in the cost price of the finished products is concentrated exactly in procurement. Reducing costs in procurement is one of the ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise. This advantage can be achieved through the introduction of modern information technologies, namely automation of the process of selecting suppliers on an electronic trading platform. For this purpose, an information system for selecting suppliers on the electronic trading platform has been developed, which enables a more transparent, fast, profitable and less costly selection of the cheapest and most suitable goods for the operation of energy supplying enterprises. Procurement activities are aimed at ensuring that the energy-supplying undertaking receives the right quantity and quality of raw materials, materials, goods and services at the right time, in the right place, from a reliable and trustworthy supplier with good service and at a favourable price. Automating the supplier selection process on an electronic platform is essential in today's market environment.

Within overall collections budgets in many academic libraries, electronic resources account for 75 percent to 90 percent of the entire budget. Given this financial commitment, there is a clear value to having a robust practitioner-directed literature for electronic resource management. Such a literature exists, and the authors of this volume seek to differentiate themselves by emphasizing the licensing process as a critical component of electronic resource management. The partnership of a librarian (Halaychik) with a legal and procurement expert (Reagan) does afford readers with a holistic institutional overview of the licensing process.

Along with the development of increasingly advanced technology, industrial companies under pressure of increased competition. One of the efforts is to improve business processes through procurement, in which there is the process of purchasing and inventory control. For the procurement performance, many companies are turning to e-procurement, a procurement transaction application of technology-based information which can reduce administrative activities, purchase and invoice process. As a multinational company engaged in the oil and gas industry, BP Indonesia implementing e-Procurement with two systems, namely the procurement card (pro-card) and e-bidding with Small Scale Electronic Procurement System (SSEP). The purpose of this study is to analyze and SSEP monitoring system, which in turn evaluate the system in terms of user satisfaction, so it can be things that need to be improved to increase user satisfaction. This study uses data collection by distributing questionnaires to vendors BP Indonesia using the SSEP system. The collected data will be analyzed by paired t-test and analysis of performance expectations. From the results of this study showed that SSEP system is running well but the performance should be improved with new innovations.

Public procurement is investigated in terms of results and maximum efficiency of allocation of financial resources of the national public budget. In the context of economic development, optimization of the management of public financial resources is based on improving the legislation on public procurement and the financing mechanism. Based on this, public procurement is a complex, multi-level, interdependent system, the functioning at the all public levels. The aim of the research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the main problems and features of public procurement financing in order to optimize public finance management at the national level and to develop recommendations for improving the public procurement system in the Republic of Moldova. The methodology is based on the structural research method. The article is based on a study of the public procurement system in the Republic of Moldova, analyzing its constituent elements. The analytical method was used to study the concept of public procurement. The study established the relationship between the ethical behavior of officials, the effectiveness of control and the implementation of information systems to optimize the system of financing public procurement in the Republic of Moldova. Proposals are presented to improve the efficiency of the public financing mechanism in the context of electronic public procurement procedures within the automated information system “State Register of Public Procurements” MTender.

In accordance with Gorontalo Provincial Government Regulation No. 3 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Information and Communication Technology-Based Deliberations, the Local Government (the provincial, municipality and regency government) is obliged to manage data in information system applications for internal and external interests by paying attention to the security of the application of communication and informatics, Gorontalo’s LPSE serves to ensure that IT organizations use resources efficiently, secure organizational assets, maintain organizational data integrity and security, and achieve organizational goals effectively. This corresponds to the Province ’s vision of e-Government. One of Gorontalo’s e-Government infrastructures is the e-procurement service. To find out whether the LPSE service is effective, evaluation is needed. This paper presents an evaluation of Electronic Procurement Services using COBIT 5 (Target Control for Information and Technology related version 5). By analyzing awareness management on the strategic plan for Electronic Procurement Services (LPSE) that need to be evaluated. Namely in the process (ME1) in terms of information technology performance, after conducting an Awareness Management analysis then measure the level of management ability by using the Maturity model to get maturity values for performance domain information technology (ME1) with a maturity value of 2,56. internal control (ME2) with a maturity value of 1,80. In accordance with external requirements (ME3) with a maturity value of 2,44. and information technology governance (ME4) with maturity values 2,99.

This study assesses information-seeking and perceptions of expertise in Electronic Networks of Practice (ENoPs). ENoPs are a particular type of online community focused on sharing information related to a specific work-related profession (Wasko and Faraj, 2005). To date, there has been little empirical work on the dynamics of information exchange in ENoPs (Whelan, 2007). The little we do know is based on face-to-face communities, which cannot be generalized to online interactions due to changes in size, purpose, and method of communication. Understanding the type and perceived value of information is an important line of theoretical inquiry because it has the potential to identify the specific informational needs these communities fulfil and the types of people most likely to fulfil them. This research was conducted in an ENoP focusing on the exchange of information related to the practice of engineering. The community studied, Eng- Tips, is a thriving network focusing on the practice of engineering that has produced over 150,000 posts, and is comprised of engineers from twenty-one different specialties. Interactions take place solely through the use of virtually mediated technology, and focus primarily on practice-related issues. The format of interaction is typically based on a query and a stream of ensuing replies. Data were collected through metrics and a coding procedure that allowed me to identify the most common queries in the ENoP. My data revealed queries in the ENoP tended to focus on obtaining solutions, meta-knowledge, or validation. The high emphasis on validation was similar to that found in face-to-face friendship networks, and was contrary to Cross et al.’s (2001) anticipated results, most likely due to the presence of anonymity. I also found that experience of interacting with multiple specialties (i.e. interactional expertise) was positively associated with perceived expertise. Finally, I discovered that replies, giving out nominations, and frequently logins were positively associated with the number of expert nominations one received in the community. This research makes contributions to both theory and practice. I contribute to theory on information-seeking by extending Cross et al.’s (2001) research to the online environment, and articulating the type of informational benefits sought in the ENoP. I contribute to theory on expertise by exploring the characteristics associated with perceived expertise, and exploring the reasons why interactional expertise may be particularly valued in ENoPs. My work in this area reveals that—in the context of the ENoP studied—a ‘common practice’ is highly fragmented and loosely knit, further distinguishing this entity as a unique organizational form. My findings in this area call into question the validity of a practice-based approach for examining these entities, and for these reasons, I suggest they may be better conceptualized as Electronic Networks of Discourse. Practical ramifications focus on describing the type of information members want to obtain from their involvement in the community, which may benefit members, organizations, and managers of the ENoP.

Thesis (PhD (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The crucial role of innovation in creating sustainable competitive advantage is widely recognised in industry today. Likewise, the importance of having the required information accessible to the right employees at the right time is well-appreciated. More specifically, the dependency of effective, efficient innovation processes on the availability of information has been pointed out in literature. A great challenge is countering the effects of the information overload phenomenon in organisations in order for employees to find the information appropriate to their needs without having to wade through excessively large quantities of information to do so. The initial stages of the innovation process, which are characterised by free association, semi-formal activities, conceptualisation, and experimentation, have already been identified as a key focus area for improving the effectiveness of the entire innovation process. The dependency on information during these early stages of the innovation process is especially high. Any organisation requires a strategy for innovation, a number of well-defined, implemented processes and measures to be able to innovate in an effective and efficient manner and to drive its innovation endeavours. In addition, the organisation requires certain enablers to support its innovation efforts which include certain core competencies, technologies and knowledge. Most importantly for this research, enablers are required to more effectively manage and utilise innovation-related information. Information residing inside and outside the boundaries of the organisation is required to feed the innovation process. The specific sources of such information are numerous. Such information may further be structured or unstructured in nature. However, an ever-increasing ratio of available innovation-related information is of the unstructured type. Examples include the textual content of reports, books, e-mail messages and web pages. This research explores the innovation landscape and typical sources of innovation-related information. In addition, it explores the landscape of text analytical approaches and techniques in search of ways to more effectively and efficiently deal with unstructured, textual information. A framework that can be used to provide a unified, dynamic view of an organisation‟s innovation-related information, both structured and unstructured, is presented. Once implemented, this framework will constitute an innovation-focused knowledge base that will organise and make accessible such innovation-related information to the stakeholders of the innovation process. Two novel, complementary text analytical techniques, Latent Dirichlet Allocation and the Concept-Topic Model, were identified for application with the framework. The potential value of these techniques as part of the information systems that would embody the framework is illustrated. The resulting knowledge base would cause a quantum leap in the accessibility of information and may significantly improve the way innovation is done and managed in the target organisation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van innovasie vir die daarstel van „n volhoubare mededingende voordeel word tans wyd erken in baie sektore van die bedryf. Ook die belangrikheid van die toeganklikmaking van relevante inligting aan werknemers op die geskikte tyd, word vandag terdeë besef. Die afhanklikheid van effektiewe, doeltreffende innovasieprosesse op die beskikbaarheid van inligting word deurlopend beklemtoon in die navorsingsliteratuur. „n Groot uitdaging tans is om die oorsake en impak van die inligtingsoorvloedverskynsel in ondernemings te bestry ten einde werknemers in staat te stel om inligting te vind wat voldoen aan hul behoeftes sonder om in die proses deur oormatige groot hoeveelhede inligting te sif. Die aanvanklike stappe van die innovasieproses, gekenmerk deur vrye assosiasie, semi-formele aktiwiteite, konseptualisering en eksperimentasie, is reeds geïdentifiseer as sleutelareas vir die verbetering van die effektiwiteit van die innovasieproses in sy geheel. Die afhanklikheid van hierdie deel van die innovasieproses op inligting is besonder hoog. Om op „n doeltreffende en optimale wyse te innoveer, benodig elke onderneming „n strategie vir innovasie sowel as „n aantal goed gedefinieerde, ontplooide prosesse en metingskriteria om die innovasieaktiwiteite van die onderneming te dryf. Bykomend benodig ondernemings sekere innovasie-ondersteuningsmeganismes wat bepaalde sleutelaanlegde, -tegnologiëe en kennis insluit. Kern tot hierdie navorsing, benodig organisasies ook ondersteuningsmeganismes om hul in staat te stel om meer doeltreffend innovasie-verwante inligting te bestuur en te gebruik. Inligting, gehuisves beide binne en buite die grense van die onderneming, word benodig om die innovasieproses te voer. Die bronne van sulke inligting is veeltallig en hierdie inligting mag gestruktureerd of ongestruktureerd van aard wees. „n Toenemende persentasie van innovasieverwante inligting is egter van die ongestruktureerde tipe, byvoorbeeld die inligting vervat in die tekstuele inhoud van verslae, boeke, e-posboodskappe en webbladsye. In hierdie navorsing word die innovasielandskap asook tipiese bronne van innovasie-verwante inligting verken. Verder word die landskap van teksanalitiese benaderings en -tegnieke ondersoek ten einde maniere te vind om meer doeltreffend en optimaal met ongestruktureerde, tekstuele inligting om te gaan. „n Raamwerk wat aangewend kan word om „n verenigde, dinamiese voorstelling van „n onderneming se innovasieverwante inligting, beide gestruktureerd en ongestruktureerd, te skep word voorgestel. Na afloop van implementasie sal hierdie raamwerk die innovasieverwante inligting van die onderneming organiseer en meer toeganklik maak vir die deelnemers van die innovasieproses. Daar word verslag gelewer oor die aanwending van twee nuwerwetse, komplementêre teksanalitiese tegnieke tot aanvulling van die raamwerk. Voorts word die potensiele waarde van hierdie tegnieke as deel van die inligtingstelsels wat die raamwerk realiseer, verder uitgewys en geillustreer.

Диссертация посвящена решению научной проблемы разработки концептуально-методологических и прикладных основ формирования системы снабжения промышленного предприятия с использованием ИКТ. Рассмотрены перемены, происходящие в сфере снабжения промышленных предприятий, обоснованы причины таких изменений. Сформулирована стратегия трансформации системы снабжения, основные постулаты которой заключаются в следующем. Во-первых, снабжение трансформировалось из центра минимизации затрат в центр формирования прибыли. Во-вторых, снабжение рассматривается в качестве функции логистики как интегрированной концепции управления материальным потоком предприятия и SCM как интегрированной концепции управления взаимодействием участников цепи поставок. Обобщены и усовершенствованы теоретико-методологические положения теорий логистики и управления цепями поставок. Выявлены связь и различия между понятиями логистики, логистического подхода и управления цепями поставок. В контексте теории управления цепями поставок и с учетом превалирования нематериальных активов в качестве источника достижения конкурентных преимуществ пересмотрено понятие конкурентоспособности предприятий. Отмечено, что конкурентоспособность в современных условиях необходимо рассматривать как способность предприятия к построению эффективной цепи поставок, наиболее значимыми инструментами которой является использование нематериальных активов. Проанализировано состояние системы снабжения промышленных предприятий Украины и сделан вывод о необходимости кардинальных изменений в данной предметной области. Идентифицированы резервы повышения эффективности деятельности и конкурентоспособности промышленного предприятия в области снабжения, обоснованы принципы, на которых должна базироваться трансформация системы снабжения. В качестве действенного инструмента трансформации системы снабжения промышленного предприятия предложена система электронного снабжения – организационно-управленческий механизм, в рамках которого предприятие использует информационно-коммуникационные технологии для автоматизации этапов процесса снабжения. Идентифицированы преимущества системы электронного снабжения промышленного предприятия, проведена систематизация ее инструментов, доказана необходимость дифференцированного подхода к назначению инструментов электронного снабжения различным ситуациям снабжения. На основе оценки уровня рисков, возникающих в процессе снабжения, предложена классификация ситуаций снабжения промышленного предприятия и сформулированы приоритетные направления организации систем электронного снабжения промышленных предприятий. Разработаны научно-практические рекомендации по внедрению системы электронного снабжения на промышленном предприятии, предложены механизмы ее функционирования. Для обоснования экономической эффективности внедрения данной системы разработан методологический подход, который предполагает использование показателей как финансового, так и нефинансового характера. Предложен алгоритм расчета финансовой составляющей оценки экономической эффективности, которая учитывает увеличение прибыли/уменьшение убытков за счет, с одной стороны, сокращения операционных затрат, с другой стороны, высвобождения средств из оборота вследствие снижения уровня производственных запасов. Доказано, что инициаторами внедрения систем электронного снабжения должны стать крупные предприятия, имеющие широкую сеть бизнес-партнеров. Отмечено, что специфика украинского предпринимательства предполагает ведущую роль государства в развитии систем электронного снабжения в Украине. Роль государства в данном случае двояка и заключается, во-первых, в инициировании и организации систем государственного электронного снабжения и/или электронных рынков, во-вторых, в популяризации данного способа ведения бизнеса путем сбора и анализа соответствующей информации. Сделан вывод о том, что применение информационно-коммуникационных технологий промышленными предприятиями Украины, в т.ч. в сфере снабжения, может не только повысить эффективность деятельности и конкурентоспособность промышленных предприятий, но и дать толчок углублению использования информационно-коммуникационных технологий во всех сферах общественной жизни и развитию информационного общества в нашей стране.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню наукової проблеми розробки концептуально-методологічних та прикладних засад формування системи постачання промислового підприємства з використанням ІКТ. Розглянуто зміни, що відбуваються у сфері постачання промислових підприємств, обґрунтовано причини таких змін. Сформульовано стратегію трансформації системи постачання, основні постулати якої полягають у такому. По-перше, постачання трансформувалося з центру мінімізації витрат у центр формування прибутку. По-друге, постачання розглядається як функція логістики як інтегрованої концепції управління матеріальним потоком підприємства та SCM як інтегрованої концепції управління взаємодією учасників ланцюга поставок. Дієвим інструментом трансформації системи постачання промислового підприємства запропоновано систему електронного постачання – організаційно-управлінський механізм, у межах якого підприємство використовує інформаційно-комунікаційні технології для автоматизації етапів процесу постачання. Визначено переваги системи електронного постачання промислового підприємства, проведено систематизацію її інструментів, доведено необхідність диференційованого підходу до призначення інструментів електронного постачання для різних ситуацій постачання. На основі оцінювання рівня ризиків, що виникають у процесі постачання, запропоновано класифікацію ситуацій постачання промислового підприємства та сформульовано пріоритетні напрями організації систем електронного постачання промислових підприємств. Розроблено науково-практичні рекомендації щодо впровадження системи електронного постачання на промисловому підприємстві, запропоновано механізми її функціонування. Для обґрунтування економічної ефективності впровадження даної системи розроблено методологічний підхід, який передбачає використання як фінансових, так і нефінансових показників. Запропоновано алгоритм розрахунку фінансової складової оцінки економічної ефективності, яка враховує збільшення прибутку чи зменшення збитків за рахунок, з одного боку, скорочення операційних витрат, з іншого боку, вивільнення коштів з обороту внаслідок зменшення рівня виробничих запасів. Доведено, що ініціаторами впровадження систем електронного постачання повинні стати великі підприємства, що мають широку мережу бізнес-партнерів. Відмічено, що специфіка українського підприємництва передбачає провідну роль держави в розвитку систем електронного постачання в Україні. Роль держави в даному випадку подвійна і полягає, по-перше, в ініціації та організації систем державного електронного постачання і/або електронних ринків, по-друге, в популяризації цього способу ведення бізнесу шляхом збору і аналізу відповідної інформації. Зроблений висновок про те, що застосування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій промисловими підприємствами України, у т.ч. у сфері постачання, може не лише підвищити ефективність діяльності і конкурентоспроможність промислових підприємств, але й надати поштовх поглибленню використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій в усіх сферах суспільного життя і розвитку інформаційного суспільства в нашій країні.
Dissertation is devoted to the decision of scientific problem of the development of theoretical and applied basics for the industrial enterprise’s procurement system transformation in accordance with the contemporary global trend. Changes in industrial enterprise’s procurement are considered, their reasons are motivated. The strategy for procurement system’s transformation is developed, which main postulates are following. Firstly, procurement was transformed from the expenses minimization centre to the profit development centre. For second, procurement is considered as the logistics’ function as an integrated concept of management of enterprise’s material flow and the SCM’s as an integrated concept of management of supply chain participants’ interaction. As an effective instrument for the industrial enterprise procurement system’s transformation is offered the electronic procurement system as the organizing and management mechanism, in terms of which enterprises use the information and communication technologies to automatize the procurement steps. The electronic procurement system’s advantages are identified, their instruments are systematized, the necessity of differentiated approach to allocation of electronic procurement instruments for different procurement situation is proved. The grid of industrial enterprise’s procurement situation based on estimation of level of risks which arise up in the procurement process is offered, and the priority directions for organization of the industrial enterprises’ electronic procurement systems are proposed. List of scientific and practical recommendation for electronic procurement systems’ implementation in industry is developed, mechanisms of their operation are offered. The methodological approach which motivates these systems’ implementation is based on the economic efficiency estimation and used for the framework of financial and non-financial factors. The certain algorithm for the financial factors calculation, which takes into account the profit growth or losses decrease on the basis of the reductions of the operating expenses from one side and turnover funds relocation in consequence of inventory reduction from the other side is developed. It is shown that initiators of the electronic procurement systems implementation should be big companies, which have a wide network of business partners. It is noted that specificity of Ukrainian economy plays a leading role of government in electronic procurement systems implementation. It can include, firstly, initiation and implementation of government electronic procurement systems and/or electronic markets, secondly, popularization and promotion such way of managing business by information collection and analysis. The information and communication technologies application by the Ukrainian industrial enterprises, including the procurement area, can not only develop the industrial enterprises’ efficiency and competitiveness, but also stimulates the deepening of information and communication technologies application in all spheres of public life and development of information society in our country.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, School of Human and Community Development, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by coursework and research report in the field of in Organisational Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg September 2017
Emails have become a fundamental computer application and business tool, in organisations across the global. This is because of the accessibility and convenience of emails which have generated an array of benefits to both employees and their organisations. However, this accessibility has led to an over-reliance on emails, which often has the negative consequence of email overload. Email overload continues to be a recurring issues experienced by employees universally, which research has found to have negative implications on employees’ wellbeing and productivity. Yet there has been limited research, particularly in South Africa, that aims to reduce email overload among employees. Thus, this research report investigated how the role of providing employees with a job resource (training intervention) could increase perceived productivity and eliminate email overload and change caused by the job demands (emails) on employees .In order to examine this effect, this research utilised a pretest post-test control group design on order to compare the impact of a training intervention in reducing email overload and increasing productivity. The quantitative results revealed that the training intervention contributed to a decrease in feelings of email overload among the participants. Additionally, focus groups were administered to determine participants’ experience with emails both prior to the training and after the training, to gain a clearer understanding of the best practices used to eliminate email overload. These findings observed that the participants transferred learnt contents from training into their working lives. Thus research both further contributes to other research currently associated with email and email overload, and also provides a greater understanding of the need to provide employees with job resources much like training intervention in order to counteract those job demands like emails, that are often ignored.
XL2018

The evolution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is thought to bring new development opportunities for enterprises by enabling the development of new industrial districts and consolidating existing ones. In fact, small to medium-sized enterprises could largely benefit from this potential innovation, and, specifically, from the improvement of the management of supply chain activities. ICTs, and especially Internet-based technologies, can support the flow of materials with a more efficient way of communicating and sharing information.In spite of these premises, pioneering organizations providing e-commerce solutions for procurement have experienced many difficulties in sustaining their business. One relevant reason can be identified in the existing misalignment between the characteristics of the available technological solutions and the actual requirements characterizing the industrial district as a whole. The development of these solutions has been mainly based on the specifications of larger companies, which often turn out to be very different from the needs and requirements of SMEs. This chapter analyzes the characteristics of industrial districts and the features of existing e-procurement solutions, and cross-matches the two dimension in order to verify the adequacy of vendors’ offer to demand’s needs. The deriving assessment represents the basis to propose a set of prescriptive models of e-procurement solutions that should properly cover industrial districts requirements.

Every organization can be viewed from two perspectives. There are external processes such as procurement and sales, and internal processes such as management and operations, finance, marketing, and human resources. This article primarily focuses on external, commercial e-business processes. B2B (businessto- business) e-business is the sale of products or services, or information exchange, among two or more businesses through electronic technology, usually involving the Internet, through a public or private exchange. The following background section gives a very brief general overview of B2B e-business history. In the main thrust of this article, we discuss making the B2B decision by examining key B2B business requirements and benefits, as well as describing basic approaches to B2B e-business implementation. In the subsequent section, the article provides a future outlook for e-business.

E-collaboration takes advantage of the current Internet-driven business environment, which integrates the most advanced electronic technologies and the knowledge-based economy. Companies engaging in e-collaboration must participate in external business relationships by using computer interactions (Damanpour, 2001). Implementing e-collaboration strategy can require many sophisticated technologies and systems such as EDI, XML, eCRM. E-collaboration is thus confronted with the great challenge of reengineering IT strategies and resources. “Nearly 80% of organizations that have rushed to establish Web sites for online retailing have failed to invest in the purchasing and distribution systems that make delivery of their products possible” (Neef, 2001, p.3). System failure has a profound effect on e-collaboration and e-business, both in the short and long-term. The tremendous complexity of information technologies has become a huge hurdle to companies embracing them, affecting their entire management strategy, process, structure, and most importantly, business bottom line results. The main technological issues to be considered are associated with IT infrastructure, and managers’ and operatives’ knowledge and skills in e-collaboration and e-partnership. The following constitutes some of the key technological issues facing e-collaboration. • Process and system alignment and integration • Interoperability of systems • Accessibility, security and compatibility of interorganizational information systems • Traffic in collaborative e-commerce activities • Sustained IT support and resources • Transferring and sharing information and data • Building and sustaining an effective virtual network structure amongst e-partners • Quality and effectiveness of networking and communications (Zhao, 2004) This article focuses on the most important technological challenges and issues facing e-collaboration and e-business in the areas of information flow, procurement, logistics, engineering and manufacturing, marketing, customer services, and human resources. It deals specifically with the process and system alignment and integration as well as the issues of interoperability which have become of primary concerns in the practices of e-collaboration.

The adoption of fully electronic public procurement (EPP) systems is a requirement laid out in a group of European Union directives. These standards seek to improve the rationalization of resources (i.e., on an economics level) in public administration through the replacement of paper-based procedures with electronic services (i.e., e-services), thereby contributing to the growth of electronic government (i.e., e-government) in all member states. This chapter evaluates the impacts of EPP based on information and communication technologies. Research was conducted in Portugal, in which data on five companies operating on an international scale were examined for any organizational difficulties in the adoption of e-procurement. The findings include the positive impacts of following the objectives of the European Union directives in question. User satisfaction regarding EPP-related electronic platforms was also investigated.

Consortia-based initiatives have been launched for pooling electronic information resources on cost-beneficial platforms. The ever-increasing diversified needs of the user community in the face of diminishing budget and increasing cost of resources, consortia based subscription is key to survive for the academic libraries. Consortia are need of the hour for the Indian libraries, as the situation in India is compounded by the devaluation of rupee against the major foreign currencies, resulting in steep decline in procurement of international scholarly journals. As a result, a number of cooperative initiatives have surfaced covering different disciplines and institutions. In view of the importance and mushrooming of consortia, the chapter tries to explore the various initiatives in India for providing access to knowledge under the purview of consortia to the end users.

The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 led to disruptions in all aspects of life and the economy. Total and partial closures have characterised the pandemic period to contain the spread of the epidemic. Higher education institutions have devised new forms of existence. With the increasing mutations of the virus, coupled with slow vaccination rollouts in Uganda, e-learning remains the practical pedagogy, while electronic information resources are the vital support for learning and research in these circumstances. During the first lockdown, in April 2020, the library carried out a qualitative study on both frontline library staff and academic users. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of use of electronic resources during the pandemic period. Among the observations of the study was a total decline in downloads from institutional subscriptions of up to about 20% in the year 2020. This finding was troubling, given prior assumptions that lockdowns would boost e-resources’ uptake. Furthermore, while the library website and its aggregator tools had traditionally been assumed to be key access points for institutional resources, the study showed that most respondents preferred Google Scholar and not the library discovery tool, as their preferred key search interface. While Google Scholar worked perfectly on campus within permissible IP ranges, off campus access, as determined by the pandemic period, required a remote access tool. As such, respondents who utilised Google Scholar, experienced marked differences in the levels of access while outside the university network. Thus, the findings revealed that the library website was not the first point of recourse for most users and that this particularly affected the utilisation of e-resources. This chapter, therefore, highlights efforts to improve the use of e-resources through augmenting the website with interactive and other applications. It includes, but are not limited to, a subscription to another remote access system (MyLOFT – My Library on Finger Tips), which enables users to remotely access the library’s electronic resources, using their personal accounts and internet from anywhere with more flexibility.

Electronic catalogs are at the core of information system support for electronic commerce. Unlike traditional paper-based product catalogs which are limited by size, access method, high production cost, and obsolete information, electronic catalogs promise up-to-date information, more flexible methods of search and retrieval, interactive multimedia user interface, and automated linkage and support for various procurement functions. As the World Wide Web became more popular, a tremendous amount of information flooded the cyberspace resulting in the problem of information overload. To attract and retain users, a Web site should be adaptive on information content, information organization and information display. In this chapter, a Personalized Electronic Catalog (PEC) system is proposed to synthesize the Web-based electronic catalog customization on information content, organization, and display; as well as to demonstrate the analysis and improvement of information access for electronic catalogs in an industrial application.

In recent times, the popularity of the Internet has led to e-government practices being widely recognized as an important option for service to the general public. In response, various tiers of government from national to local level have sought opportunities to engage the public through Web sites. Many governments now provide some level of access to government through Web interfaces, for example, through access to resources such as publications and government data. In some cases there are services provided that may be executed online. For example, users may provide personal information for licensing or to undertake payments. There continues to be a diversity of implementation quality and levels for such services. The facilitation of e-government has been characterized in various ways. For example, the European Union has seen it in terms of four main tasks: the development of Internet-based services to improve access to public information and services, the improvement of the transparency of public administration by using the Internet, the full exploitation of information technology within public administration, and the establishment of e-procurement (Strejcek & Theilb, 2003). More recently, the United Nations (UN), noting that ICTs may be used to transform its internal and external relationships, has also identified four similar but distinct areas: internal processes such as record keeping, electronic service delivery, virtual communities for digital democracy, and e-business opportunities such as procurement (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2005).

Increased demand from the market to carry out rapid business transactions has led many companies to seek to improve their regular business transactions. The progressive development of the internet in establishing a variety of electronic marketplaces has facilitated companies to move towards applying e-procurement technologies. This indirectly increases the competitiveness of companies due to well managed purchasing activities using e-procurement technologies. The strategic decision by the top management in implementing e-procurement technologies is mainly concentrated on managing the supply of external resources and preferred to focus on the implementation of green supply chain activities to increase the environmental performance with e-procurement technologies. With the spread of internet technologies, which led to changes in business strategy and its uses, companies will be provided with a digital platform for online business transactions. Therefore, business through electronic media (e-media) have the potential and power to transform business transactions and business relationships. E-procurement became the most important strategy for the business to purchase or procure goods or materials from global suppliers. Despite the claims on usability of e-procurement technologies, some companies however show little interest in applying e-procurement technologies because of the difficulty the companies to perform purchasing activities and other key aspects that influence the companies to exploit the technologies. As a major contributor to the growth of the agriculture sector, the Malaysia Palm Oil Industry (MPOI) should explore the potential of e-procurement and other relevant technologies to be exploited in the industry and enhance its competitiveness. The information on the applicability of e-procurement technologies for different types of materials at different stages of the industry supply chain will assist the industry players to achieve efficient purchasing activities. Hence, in this chapter the case study discussed will provide relevant e-procurement solutions with respect to the MPOI and will provide comprehensive purchasing activities of different types of products along the supply chain through e-procurement technologies.

Currently, rapid urbanization is taking place in Russia under the influence of globalization processes. Russian economic growth is mostly based on the natural resources and the need to speed up its industrialization process. Today there is a change of economic model associated with the transition from the stage of industrialization to the post-industrial economy. Emphasis shifts from production to the provision of services. In the digital economy, where the major resources required for the production of quality products are time and information, the concept of cost management should be reconsidered. The new paradigm of cost management should take into account the changes in approaches to the management of material, labor, and financial costs, and include approaches, tools, and methods of cost control of resources, updated by digital post-industrial economy. A sectorial and territorial specific of the process of change of economic model requires strategic approach to cost management.

Abstract Industrial sector for production of manufacturing machinery and equipment is a very competitive and difficult market to deal with. Difficulties increase in areas that involves the design, manufacturing and assembly of large production machines. In fact, in this case the effort to produce a single item is much bigger in time, money and resources with respect to other areas. Long time for production paired with a not accurate usage of internal resources can produce a large number of unused components and semi-finished products. This paper presents a real case study of a company leader in the designing and manufacturing machinery for disposable hygienic products and highly automated liquid filling integrated systems. Each product is a huge assembly of components and semi-finished products and many of them are not used for production even if they are stored in company’s warehouses. This is due to the logistic and human factors that can be managed and corrected. In this paper a math-heuristic approach for warehouse resources and components procurement optimization is presented. A real instance related to a commission has been solved and results are presented and analyzed.

Long and medium-term production planning are tools to match production orders and resources capability but can also be used as baseline for material procurement. In some systems, however, to reduce the complexity of the planning problem, distinct production operations are aggregated into activities which normally represent production phases. This is the case of some Manufacturing-to-Order and Engineering-to-Order Systems. The lack of a detailed schedule of the manufacturing operations can cause difficulties in providing a proper Material Requirements Planning and can affect the feasibility of the production plan. The paper proposes an approach to extract scheduling information from a production plan, grounding on the knowledge of the production process, to support material procurement. Once a criterion to aggregate operations is chosen and the plan devised, the description of production operations and their precedence relations are used to obtain temporal ranges for production operations and, hence, deadline ranges are provided for the MRP. The proposed approach is applied to an industrial environment producing machining centers.

Abstract: Within Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), traditional projects execution is the norm in portfolio projects, where the focus is on defining the scope of engineering, then moving on to procurement, followed by construction, pre-commissioning, and finally start-up. This leads to productivity challenges during execution due to limited Workfront availability to labour on site, ideal time due to material unavailability, late changes, and many challenges when moving away from construction to commissioning. ADAA (PDOs Advance Work Packaging and Workface planning application) project initiative was focused on implementing AWP and WFP processes and utilising technology platforms in medium, small size and portfolio projects, which helps the contractors to improve their productivity in the selected projects and obtain alignment as early as "select phase" for a construction driven process. It has several objectives to achieve, such as process improvement starting from basis of design up to final acceptance, implementing Advance Work Packaging and Workface planning application (AWP and WFP) methodologies in medium size and Portfolio projects, digitalise the AWP and WFP process within PDO and improve hands on-tool time (HOTT) by ten percentage. PDO has improved construction efficiency and progress control by providing AWP methodology with electronic workflow control, that improves construction project scalability and support quick project start-up within projects. It is built within PDO's Engineering Datawarehouse (EDW) platform which gives smooth access to documents. In addition, PDO has avoided cost by optimising in-house resources, leveraging existing contracts (right partnerships) and systems and in-house sourcing for AWP/WFP subject matter experts. Also, it has proved that it supports in improving lifecycle management which is consistent with PDO's digital twin vision by centralising and maintaining plant information, adding construction data to the full plant lifecycle management.

Relating to the establishment and acquisition of a company in Turkey by foreign investors, Foreign Direct Investments Law No.4875, FDI has entered into force on 17.06.2003. FDI formed a notification-based system rather than an approval-based system for foreigners to establish a new company and to take over company shares. Accordingly, company information regarding foreign investors will be notified to the General Directorate of Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital via “Electronic Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital Information System”. Foreign investment means establishment of a new company by a foreign investor or share acquisitions of an existing company, any percentage of shares acquired outside the stock exchange or 10 percentage or more of the shares/voting power of a company acquired through the stock exchange, by means of the following economic assets: assets acquired from abroad by the foreign investor which are capital in cash in the form of convertible currency bought and sold by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, stocks and bonds of foreign companies excluding government bonds, machinery and equipment, industrial and intellectual property rights; or assets acquired from Turkey by foreign investor which are reinvested earnings, revenues, financial claims, or any other investment-related rights of financial value, rights for the exploration and extraction of natural resources. According to Article 4 of the Regulation for Implementation of Foreign Direct Investment Law, the Ministry of Economy shall provide information on the companies within the scope of foreign direct investments from Trade Registry Offices and related public institutions and organizations.