Journal articles: 'Industrial price behaviour'

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Balakrishnan, Pulapre. "Industrial price behaviour in India." Journal of Development Economics 37, no. 1-2 (November 1991): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(91)90092-a.

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Inglesi-Lotz, Roula. "The sensitivity of the South African industrial sector’s electricity consumption to electricity price fluctuations." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 4 (December 19, 2014): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i4a2232.

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Numerous studies assume that the price elasticity of electricity demand remains constant through the years. This, in turn, means that these studies assume that industrial consumers react in the same way to price fluctuations regardless of the actual price level. This paper proposes that the price elasticity of industrial electricity demand varies over time. The Kalman filter methodology is employed in an effort to provide policy-makers with more information on the behaviour of the industrial sector with regards to electricity price changes, focusing on the period 1970 to 2007. Other factors affecting electricity consumption, such as real output and employment, are also captured. The findings of this paper show that price sensitivity has changed since the 1970s. It has decreased in absolute values from -1 in 1980 to -0.953 in 1990 and then stabilised at approximately -0.95 which indicates that the industrial sector has experienced an inelastic demand. In other words, the behaviour of industrial consumers did not vary significantly during the 2000s. In the long run and as the prices increase, probably reaching the levels of the 1970s or even before, the industrial sector’s behaviour might change and the elasticity might end up at levels higher than one (elastic).

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McRae, James J. "La stabilité des prix des ressources non renouvelables." Articles 53, no. 4 (June 30, 2009): 587–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800748ar.

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Abstract One particular problem with the competitive solution to resource pricing is the potential for resource price instability. Using monthly data on prices for five different minerals the author examines, with the help of statistical techniques, the behaviour of prices over the years 1922-1974. He finds that fears of potential resource price instability have been overstated. Due either to the capitalization reactions of resource owners, or to the fact that resource markets are characterized by a monopolized industrial structure, real resource prices appear to show remarkable stability.

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Botey Fullat, María, Pedro Arias Martín, and Silverio Alarcón. "CO2 emission allowances and their interacion with economic and energy factors in the European Union." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 53, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.018.

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Analysis of emission allowances prices has important environmental and political connotations. This article aimed to identifying the possible variables that may influence their behaviour and studied their relationship with fundamental factors: energy (Brent petroleum, Gas, Coal) and economy (Industrial Production Index, Baltic Dry Index, Purchasing Managers Index). With the objective of analyzing possible mutual interactions, Multivariate VAR or Error Correction Models (VECM), were applied. The information analysed derived from different sources (World Bank, Sendeco2 and various financial websites). The results obtained showed, not only the influence of past prices on the emission allowances actual price, but also the interaction with energetic and economic variables. Highlights Estimation of time series interrelations through VAR models. There is relationship of the emission allowances price with their past values. The energy variables are factors important to also explain the behavior of the emission allowances price. The economic variables are hardly significant except for the Dry Baltic Index.

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Esteves, Rosa-Branca, and Carlo Reggiani. "Elasticity of demand and behaviour-based price discrimination." International Journal of Industrial Organization 32 (January 2014): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2013.10.010.

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Nadeem Iqbal, Amjad Amin, and Danish Wadood Alam. "The Determinants of Price Change: Evidence from a Survey of Firms." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 6, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i4.1460.

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Price stability are important for macroeconomic stability, especially for the economies, which are facing macroeconomic instability. Contractionary monetary policy can play an important role in minimizing the frequency of price change, so for effective monetary policy, it is necessary to identify the determinants of price setting behaviour. The objective of the study is to determine the patterns of price setting of firms and responses of firms to economic shocks, i.e. changes in demand and supply side factors, the role of firm characteristics, institutional and other factors in determining the channel of adjustment after these shocks. The data is collected through stratified frandom samplling from 342 firms, located in four Industrial estates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Price setting behavior is measured through importance of demand and cost shocks for price change. To estimate the effects of determinants of price change, models are estimated through logistic technique. Firms’ likelihood of price increases higher than that to price decrease in response to both demand and supply shocks. Furthermore, supply-side factors lead to higher frequency of price change than demand-side factors do. The cost of raw material and cost of energy are the most important causes of price change, both for the price increase and decrease. Demand and cost shocks are important determinants of price change for imperfectly competitive firms, backward-looking firms, firms run by managers having more information about economic conditions, while credibility of central bank is important determinant of price change in case of demand shocks only. Size of firms and information set regarding expected inflation do not have any effect. For effective monetary policy of Pakistan, credibility of central bank has to be established to stabilize prices and pre-emptive measures should be taken on the part of central bank to counter supply shocks.

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Rejeki, Septiadinur, Novil Dedy Andriatmoko, and Hery Toiba. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION TO PURCHASE ORGANIC VEGETABLES WITH THEORY PLANNED BEHAVIOUR APPROACH." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 02 (April 30, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.2.3.

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The recent modern healthy lifestyle is influenced by the selection of food ingredient such as organic vegetables. Organic vegetables are well known in community. But, the purchase of organic vegetables has decreased in the last few years because price has been high, packaging and quality have not been interesting, and low priority on organic vegetables than conventional vegetables. This research was conducted by the Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach with 6 variables. Those are price, packaging, quality, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control to analyze the effect of factor to the decreased purchase attitude and intention buy organic vegetables with Structural Equation Model (SEM)-Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results showed that the following factors are price, quality, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have an effect to the decreased purchase attitude and intention buy organic vegetables. So, it can be a strategy for selling and consuming organic vegetables in the future.

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Lill, Heiki, and Heino Pihlap. "Comparison of Changes in Electricity Consumption Distribution in Day and Night Scale Caused by Nord Pool Spot Prices Volatility." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0028.

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Abstract Under free market conditions, there should be a correlation between price and demand. In the electricity market, it is not possible to shift all consumption to hours that are more favourable. Therefore, free market rules do not fully apply to the electricity exchange market. Household consumers have a better ability to shift their energy consumption. At the same time, a large number of household consumers have fixed-price contracts and are therefore not affected by the sharp price changes, so it can be said that they do not actively participate in the stock market. They do not need to shift their electricity consumption. High-consumption industrial companies have very low possibilities at all to react to the stock market changes. The aim of this study is to find out how much electricity consumption has been able to shift in a situation where electricity prices in Estonian were extremely high and volatile. Electricity prices are usually lower at night-time, so it can be assumed that consumption will be shifted to night-time if possible. Examining the change in the distribution of night- and daytime electrical consumption over the years, it is possible to analyse the effect of energy prices on consumer behaviour during periods of high volatility.

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Liao, Shuangqing, Romulo I. Zequeira, and Ralf W. Seifert. "The value of updated information on future price behaviour." International Journal of Production Research 52, no. 7 (October 25, 2013): 2042–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.848481.

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Madau, Fabio A., Roberto Furesi, and Pietro Pulina. "The existence of buyer power in the Italian fresh milk supply chain." British Food Journal 118, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2014-0395.

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Purpose – Buyer power can be defined as the ability to obtain trade terms more favourable than a supplier’s normal trade terms. The purpose of this paper is to estimate existence of buyer power in the Italian market of fresh milk. The sector is characterised by high industrial and retail firms concentration and a significant gap between the downstream and upstream prices exists. Design/methodology/approach – The authors applied the “first-pass” test proposed by Lloyd et al. (2009) on a set of monthly price indexes series from 2000 to 2013 in order to estimate if a buyer power exists in this sector. This in order to verify how prices are transmitted along the supply chain and to determine if buyer power contributes in conditioning the retail-producer price spread. Findings – Estimated results suggest that buyer power exists in the Italian fresh milk supply chain and oligopsonistic behaviour affects the spread between downstream and upstream prices. Originality/value – The paper gives a contribute on estimation of buyer power in the agro-food supply chains. However, more research needs to be carried out in order to precisely evaluate the nature and the causes of presence of buyer power.

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Osamwonyi, Ifuero Osad, and Godfrey Ayegbeni Audu. "MACROECONOMIC FACTORS AND STOCK MARKET BEHAVIOUR: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2008 CRISIS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Economics and Organization, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fueo200803026o.

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This study investigates the long term relationship between the behaviour of stock markets during the 2008 crisis and some selected international macroeconomic variables using information from January 2005 to December 2015. The procedures of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag modeling techniques (ARDL) are employed for the analysis. The bounds testing procedure in the ARDL framework is used to test for the existence of long term relationships between stock market behaviour and global economic factors (interest rate, exchange rate, index of industrial production and oil price) as well as the direction of effects, while estimated coefficients are used to test the pattern of long term relationships among the variables. The study revealed that a significant long term relationship exists between stock price movements and these global economic trends while the stock market crash significantly impacted the efficiency of the markets under review. Thus, it is recommended that market fundamentals should remain the capstone of stock market analysis, and policies should encourage the delinking of stock markets from the international commodity market factors.

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Chen, Lihong, Kexin Qie, Hong Yu, and Xuemei Ding. "Perceptions Influencing Apparel Safety Sustainable Consumption Behaviour: Exploring the Contextual Relationship." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 30, no. 1(151) (February 28, 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6454.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a theoretical model that explains that the impact of consumer perceptions of apparel safety on their consumption behavior is moderated by consumers’ attitude and the price in the relationship studied. A survey questionnaire was developed and conducted first in a pretest by 231 participants to initially identify possible measurement problems. Another 321 potential consumers subsequently filled in the questionnaire on our website, out of which 296 questionnaires were used to verify the validity and reliability by statistical analysis and the structural equation model. The paper identifies a set of apparel safety perception dimensions that do not drive safe consumption practices. It is further seen that price is more likely to moderate the relationship with consumer behaviors than perceptions and attitudes. Therefore, the paper significantly fills the gaps between apparel safety perceptions and apparel safety consumption behavior. The findings of the paper have significant implications for apparel companies who wish to explore the apparel market potential in China.

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Selaković, Marko, Nikolina Ljepava, and Miroslav Mateev. "Implications of the paracrises on the companies’ stock prices." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-07-2019-0080.

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Purpose The concept of social media crisis has been consequently replaced by the term “paracrisis”. However, the economic implications of the paracrises have not been thoroughly researched by now. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential influence of paracrisis on companies’ stock price values. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data analysis has been conducted to identify paracrises for the publicly listed companies and verify that there were no other market events that could affect the stock price during the observed period. Quantitative data analysis has been conducted using the event study, observing stock price values before and during the paracrisis, and the relationship between stock price oscillations and S&P 500 trends was tested. Findings There were no significant differences in stock price values before and during the paracrisis. Additionally, a strong correlation between S&P 500 and stock price trends has been found. Findings indicate that paracrises do not significantly impact the stock price behaviour and they should be considered as an irrelevant market event from the stock price point of view. Originality/value This study is the first research that examines the stock price paracrisis interdependence.

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Wang, Nengmin, Yungao Ma, Zhengwen He, Ada Che, Yufei Huang, and Jinpeng Xu. "The impact of consumer price forecasting behaviour on the bullwhip effect." International Journal of Production Research 52, no. 22 (April 22, 2014): 6642–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.907513.

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Alajekwu, Udoka Bernard, Michael Chukwumee OBIALOR, and Cyprian Okey OKORO. "EFFECT OF INVESTOR SENTIMENT ON FUTURE RETURNS IN THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1726.

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The study examined the effect of investor sentiment on future returns in the Nigerian stock market. The OLS regression and granger causality techniques were employed for data analyses. The results showed that (1) investor sentiment has a significant positive effect on stock market returns even after control for fundamentals such as Industrial production index, consumer price index and Treasury bill rate; (2) there is a uni-directional causality that runs from change in investor sentiment (ΔCCI) to stock market returns (Rm). Derived finding showed that the inclusion of fundamentals increased the explanatory power of investor sentiment from 3.96% to 33.05%, though at both level, investor sentiment (ΔCCI) has low explanatory power on stock market returns. The study posits existence of a dynamic relationship between investor sentiment and the behaviour of stock future returns in Nigeria such that higher sentiment concurrently leads to higher stock prices.

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Alexiou, Constantinos, and Sofoklis Vogiazas. "Untangling the nonlinear “knots” of UK’s housing prices." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 5 (August 29, 2019): 1083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-06-2018-0222.

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Purpose Housing prices in the UK offer an inspiring, yet a complex and under-explored research area. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical factors that affect UK’s housing prices. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize the recently developed nonlinear ARDL approach of Shin et al. (2014) over the period 1969–2016. Findings The authors find that both the long-run and short-run impact of the price-to-rent (PTR) ratio and credit-to-GDP ratio on house prices (HP) is asymmetric whilst ambiguous results are established for mortgage rates, industrial production and equities. Apart from the novel framework of analysis, this study also establishes a positive association between HP and the PTR ratio which suggests a speculative behaviour and could imply the formation of a housing bubble. Originality/value It is the first study for the UK housing market that explores the underlying fundamental relationships by looking at nonlinearities hence, allowing HP to be tied by asymmetric relationships in the long as well as in the short run. Modelling the inherent nonlinearities enhances significantly the understanding of UK housing market which can prove useful for policymaking and forecasting purposes.

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Chen, Kehong, Yong Zha, Layth C. Alwan, and Lu Zhang. "Dynamic pricing in the presence of reference price effect and consumer strategic behaviour." International Journal of Production Research 58, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 546–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1598592.

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Kim, Juyoung, and Myung Suk Kim. "Analysis of automobile repeat-purchase behaviour on CRM." Industrial Management & Data Systems 114, no. 7 (August 5, 2014): 994–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-01-2014-0031.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest a method of selecting efficient customer service programmes and of providing relevant customer information to dealers, based on the analysis of repeat-purchase behaviour data in the automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach – A recurrent event model is proposed and employed to determine which variables affect repurchasing behaviour in consumers' repurchase cycles. Unlike the conventional recurrent event model, the proposed model uses common variables for all strata, as well as stratum-specific variables. Findings – Empirical results show that age, price difference, change in vehicle type, and marketing promotion affect the likelihood of repeat purchase. VIP service centres and repair services are effective marketing tools, and dealers should pay more attention to existing customers having certain characteristics, depending on prior purchase behaviour. Practical implications – Though many customer service programmes are devised and implemented at great cost, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) data reveal that classic car-care services are the most essential. CRM can provide dealers with essential customer information that enables real purchases. Originality/value – Collecting primary data on automobile purchase behaviour and customer service usage is difficult, and therefore, customer behaviour strategy is often formulated using basic principles alone. The paper proposes a method to construct a service strategy and formulate deal guidelines based on CRM data and statistical modelling.

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Jung, D. W., D. H. Kim, and B. C. Kim. "A Study on the Development of Tool Planning for REF SILL OTR-R/L Auto-Body Panel by Using Forming Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.461.

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The characteristics of the sheet metal process include the loss of material during the process, short processing time and excellent price and strength. The sheet metal process with the above characteristics is commonly used in the industrial field, but in order to analyze irregular field problems, a reliable and economical analysis method are needed. The finite element method is a very effective method to simulate the forming processes with a good prediction of the deformation behaviour. Among the finite element method, the static-implicit finite element method is applied effectively in order to analyze the real-size auto-body panel stamping processes, which include the forming stage.

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Creedy, John, and Keith Whitfield. "Opening the Black Box: Economic Analyses of Internal Labour Markets." Journal of Industrial Relations 34, no. 3 (September 1992): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400305.

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Recent years have seen the increasing interest of economists in the behaviour of firms in relation to their employees. The result is a reduction in the dichotomy of subject matter between industrial relations and labour economics. Despite this, substantial differences still exist, particularly between the approach of neoclassical economists and those (both economists and others) working outside this tradition. These differences are both theoretical and methodological and suggest a need for researchers examining the internal labour market to build bridges in their efforts to understand how firms price and allocate their labour. It is also suggested that a greater emphasis on the testing of competing hypotheses would be useful in this respect.

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Rauf, Shahnaz. "Structure of Large-scale Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan (1950-1988)." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 1373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1373-1384.

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Bain's (1951) paradigm provided a theoretical underpinning for a great deal of the empirical work on the structure-conduct-performance relationship in the past. The results of almost all the' earlier studies lend support to the hypothesis. What it states is that the presence of various "barriers to entry" to an industry determines its level of concentration (structure). High levels of concentration in turn facilitate co-operative price behaviour (conduct). This collusive behaviour then leads to high profits (performance). The purpose of the present pap~r is to examine the evolution of the structure of manufacturing industry by tracing the pattern of changes, over time (1970, 1978, 1984 and 1988) in some of the basic aspects of industrial structure like (a) distribution of firm size and type of ownership; (b) trends in aggregate concentration in manufacturing industry; (c) the levels of concentration in individual industries; and (d) the average size of establishment and plant size in Pakistan in relation to international standards of average plant size.

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Monge, Manuel, and Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana. "Spatial crude oil production divergence and crude oil price behaviour in the United States." Energy 232 (October 2021): 121034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121034.

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Pham, Cuong Hung. "Factors Influencing marketing activities of consumer goods retailers in the context of the 4.0 industrial revolution: Evidence from Vietnam." Independent Journal of Management & Production 13, no. 4 (June 1, 2022): s381—s392. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v13i4.1894.

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In the era of e-commerce and atomization, the expectations of customers have increased multi-fold. The customers want virtual displays of the products, automatic billings, electronic customer relationship management and much more. They want to be informed about the offers and benefits available at the store timely. However, at the same time they are not compromising with the quality and price. The basic consumer behaviour in the time of technology driven businesses is still same. The present paper is about checking out and impact of all these customer expectations on purchase intention in the form of marketing strategies by the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam. The present study is exploratory cum descriptive in nature. The dependent variable in the study is purchase intention and the independent variables are ‘ease and convenience’, ‘price and discounts’, ‘product quality’ and ‘use of Technology’. Retailers have been characterized by the respondents in the light of four independent variables stated above and then a relationship of these variables has been established with customers' intent to purchase. The sample size of this study is 408 respondents who used to purchase from the retailers in Vietnam. Structured questionnaire was distributed to all the respondents for collecting their responses. Total 550 questionnaires for distributed out of which 408 questionnaires for found fit for analysis. Statistical tools such as ‘confirmatory factor analysis’ and ‘structural equation modeling’ have been used to analyze the data. It was found from the results that all the four independent variables have significant impact on the Purchase intention of consumers. This reflects that the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam have to maintain with the Expectations of consumers for better sales performance.

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Fuchs, D., C. Güntner, T. Tobie, and K. Stahl. "Suitable Material Selection for Large Size Cylindrical Gears*." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 76, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2020-0002.

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Abstract Globalization and international supply chains constantly challenge gear- and steel manufacturers. In the case of large gear units in particular, expensive alloy contents have a direct impact on the material price. Steels with lower alloy contents and therefore cheaper steels are therefore becoming the focus of attention in order to further improve competitiveness. This article therefore compares two materials with different alloying elements and contents and thus different hardenability behaviour. For this purpose, extensive material characterizations as well as pulsator tests were carried out on case-hardened large gears. The aim of these tests was to determine the tooth root load-bearing capacity of the two material variants. Finally, the results are compared, discussed and recommendations for industrial application are derived, taking into account the hardenability of large gears. ◼

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Ancaș, Ana Diana, Corneliu Munteanu, Bogdan Istrate, Mihai Profire, and Florin-Emilian Țurcanu. "The Influence of the Environment for Glass-Reinforced Plastic Composite Material Used for Ground Water Transport Pipes." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123160.

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Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) composite materials are mainly used in the construction of pipes due to the wide range of sizes, ease of installation, adaptability to the specific situation in the field and, last but not least, the more competitive price as the nominal diameter increases. Their wide range of applications: drinking and raw water transport, sewerage, industrial waters, desalination plants, mining, etc., has led to the need to tailor the behaviour of the composite material to different fields, with pH values that are not neutral. Based on the experimental data, we aimed to study the change in the structure of the composite material as influenced by the soil characteristics: neutral, basic and acidic. In addition, starting with the pH of the three types of soil—basic, acidic and neutral—which significantly affect GRP composite materials, we calculated the pipe damage index and the Pearson correlation coefficients for axial tension. The results highlight the significant influence of the soil pH on the behaviour over time of the buried GRP pipes. Thus, laying the pipe in acidic soil significantly reduces its life, which should be taken into consideration during the design phase.

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Sárosi, József, and Zoltán Fabulya. "A Fluidic Muscle által kifejtett erő közelítésének vizsgálata MS Excel környezetben." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 8, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2013.1-2.70-76.

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The newest and most promising type of pneumatic actuators is the pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). Different designs have been developed, but the McKibben muscle is the most popular and is made commercially available by different companies (e. g. Fluidic Muscle manufactured by Festo Company and Shadow Air Muscle manufactured by Shadow Robot Company). Pneumatic artificial muscles have a wide range of use in industrial and medical fields. There are a lot of advantages of these muscles like the high strength, good power-weight ratio, low price, little maintenance needed, great compliance, compactness, inherent safety and usage in rough environments. The main disadvantage is that their dynamic behaviour is highly nonlinear. The most often mentioned characteristic of PAMs is the force as a function of pressure and contraction. In this paper the newest function approximations for the force generated by Fluidic Muscles are investigated in MS Excel.

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Setyowati, Putri Budi, Hery Toiba, S. Sujarwo, S. Syafrial, and Condro Puspo Nugroho. "GAME THEORY APPLICATION IN DECISION MAKING OF HORTICULTURE FARMING." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.1.8.

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In running farming system, farmers not only have a role important as owners who land they farm. But also they are as farm managers to make any decisions to face their farming problems under risk and uncertainty. These problems are categorized as internal and external factors related to price fluctuations of agricultural commodities. For that reason, farmers need to consider some strategies to overcome their farming problem for instance by choosing the best commodities that would give them an optimal profit. The maximax, maximin, savage, and laplace criterions were used to analyze decision making of horticulture farmer in determining which best horticultural commodities to plant according to their behaviour and attitude toward farming risk. Thus, horticulture farmer will be able to make a choice whether or not it is potato, cabbage, or, scallion that will be cultivated in the next planting period. Potato farmers are categorized as the optimistic farmer who loves farming risks and they are cautious. While scallion farmers are pessimistic farmers and they are risk averse. In addition, cabbage farmers are the ones who have the least regret.

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Vimala. S, Vimala S., Saranya P. B. Saranya P. B, and Saranya R. Saranya. R. "A Study on Analysis of Equity Share Price Behavior of the Selected Industries." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 4 (June 15, 2012): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/apr2014/96.

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Nishat, Mohammad. "Industry Risk Premia in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (December 1, 2001): 929–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.929-949.

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Industry characteristics is one of the main factors that determines a firm’s business risk [Kale, Hakansson, and Platt (1991)], and a single information can affect more than one security price change, perhaps even the whole market. Lessard (1974, 1976) explains that industry plays an important role in explaining national market volatility. One of the reasons for stock index behaviour are attributed to industrial composition as some industries are internally more volatile than the other [Grinold, Rudd, and Stefek (1989)]. Moreover, some sectors show a high degree of global integration, for example, the finance sector [Roll (1992)]. Similarly, consumer goods, fuel and energy, and transportation sectors are extremely important for any country index. King (1966) suggests that if a significant difference in industry risk premia is observed, then we need to isolate the market risk premia and industry risk premia. He observed that the industry components of variance showed much less change from sub-period to sub-period. Significant differential impact of regulatory policy on cost of capital across various sectors was also observed [Isimbabi (1994); Prager (1989)].

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Narayana, M. R. "Export Subsidies in India: Need for A Strategic Approach." Foreign Trade Review 27, no. 1 (April 1992): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515920103.

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The persisting trade imbalances, mounting external debt and its servicing burden, depleting foreign exchange reserves, etc., have often led to considering export promotion as a policy alternative for India. However, our continuing reliance on industrial market economies for exports underlines the importance of competition (imperfect) in product quality and price. The analytical re!lults of this paper show that if the underlying imperfect market structure of India's export trading is characterized by Cournot duopoly, the impact of export subsidies can be favourable in terms of larger market share for home exporting firms. This short-term advantage is mainly attributed to rent, or profit sharing of home firms initially earned by foreign firms in home market. These results offer strong economic support for the strategic export policy, yet to be formulated in India, or justification for the current export policy if only the subsidized exporting domestic firms behaviour is strategic, and provide the economic basis for empirical estimation of export earnings by a strategic export subsidization policy as compared to the existing nonstrategic policy.

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Hančič, Aleš, Karl Kuzman, Franc Kosel, Andrej Glojek, António M. Cunha, and Gašper Gantar. "Mechanical and Processing Characterisation of Effective Behaviour of Wood-Plastic Composites by Analytical and Numerical Simulation." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.959.

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The development of a new composite that is compounded of natural fibres and of a low price polymer, such as HDPE or PP, began in the last decade of the past century. While this is a rather new material no attempts have been made to analytically describe and simulate mechanical properties of this material. There is also a great lack of knowledge in describing fine tuned processing parameters. Therefore, in the first part of this article micromechanical approach based upon Generalised Method of Cells (GMC) is introduced to simulate properties of injection moulded wood-plastic composite compounded of polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) and of wood or cellulose short fibres. Materials have first been scanned with an optical and electron microscope to determine average fibre properties and their scatter. These values are then used to determine elastic and plastic response of the composite alongside with its tensile strength and maximum elongation, where the Tsai-Hill failure criterion has been used. The results of the simulation are then compared to experimental data in order to evaluate practical usage of this method. The second part of the article is focused on the simulation of injection moulding where test specimens were injected and the search for optimum injection parameters was performed. Various mechanical and rheological tests were performed and in addition practical industrial products were injected to observe the impact of various natural fibres on the filling of the mould cavity. Every experiment and process was then compared to the numerical simulation in order to evaluate applicability of numerical simulations under real conditions. On the basis of these experiments detailed mould design guidelines are given.

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METGE, JENS, and PIA WEISS. "PROTECTING THE DOMESTIC MARKET: INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND STRATEGIC FIRM BEHAVIOR." Singapore Economic Review 56, no. 02 (June 2011): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590811004183.

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Asian firms frequently have to undercut domestic prices and subsidize switching costs in order to obtain a positive market share when entering European and the US markets. Such practices constitute dumping under Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. We demonstrate that the mere existence of an administratively set minimum price, which is frequently used in assessing dumping allegations, protects domestic firms and has the effect of an additional entrance barrier for Asian firms. Consequently, competition policy should reassess GATT's antidumping regulation in order to keep markets open and domestic competition healthy.

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Jaramillo-Morán, Miguel A., and Agustín García-García. "Applying Artificial Neural Networks to Forecast European Union Allowance Prices: The Effect of Information from Pollutant-Related Sectors." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234439.

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In this paper, we forecast the price of CO2 emission allowances using an artificial intelligence tool: neural networks. We were able to provide confident predictions of several future prices by processing a set of past data. Different model structures were tested. The influence of subjective economic and political decisions on price evolution leads to complex behavior that is hard to forecast. We analyzed correlations with different economic variables related to the price of CO2 emission allowances and found the behavior of two to be similar: electricity prices and iron and steel prices. They, along with CO2 emission allowance prices, were included in the forecasting model in order to verify whether or not this improved forecasting accuracy. Only slight improvements were observed, which proved to be more significant when their respective time series trends or fluctuations were used instead of the original time series. These results show that there is some sort of link between the three variables, suggesting that the price of CO2 emission allowances is closely related to the time evolution of the price of electricity and that of iron and steel, which are very pollutant industrial sectors. This can be regarded as evidence that the CO2 market is working properly.

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X.H. Bao, Helen, John L. Glascock, Sherry Z. Zhou, and Lei Feng. "Land value determination in an emerging market: empirical evidence from China." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 180–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-03-2012-0033.

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Purpose – In this research, the purpose of this paper is to assess the relative pricing behavior for land in Beijing, China. The paper sees this as important for three core reasons. First, China has a strong growth economy but is still in many ways an undeveloped country and thus the paper do not have significant data about asset pricing behavior there. Second, China has not traditionally had a market-based land and property transfer system – thus, it is interesting to assess how prices are determined relative to typical market expectations. Third, the authors have extensive evidence on pricing behavior in the USA and Europe but little such evidence on China – are the same variables important in land pricing in China and are there other unique local variables. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyzes prices of non-industrial and industrial land separately using a comprehensive data set and a semi-parametric framework. The data and flexible model specification allow the hedonic price coefficients to be estimated more accurately. Findings – The key results are that pricing behavior in general follows the traditional expected variables as determined by size, planning use, location and other neighborhood characteristics. However, the authors also find that land prices are associated with buyer characteristics; for example, foreign investors pay less than local investors. Originality/value – The study fills the gap in the literature in two ways. First, this paper analyzes prices of non-industrial and industrial land separately using a comprehensive data set and a semi-parametric framework. The data and flexible model specification allow the hedonic price coefficients to be estimated more accurately. Second, and more importantly, the authors find evidences that land prices in China are determined by both market force and “Chinese characteristics.” The land market, although established only recently, is at work. In line with the literature, determinants such as size and planning uses are found to be important in determining land prices.

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Min, Jae Hoon. "Are Korea individual investors irrational in initial public offering (IPO) market? An explanation from the winner’s curse perspective." Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance 18, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/aamjaf2022.18.1.2.

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Individual investors are often regarded as irrational sentiment investors whose investment behaviour is affected by psychological factors. This study measures the actual investment return of individual investors who participated in initial price offering (IPO) stock investment in the Korean market from the short-term and long-term perspective and investigates the relationship with IPO characteristics that affect the investment sentiment of individual investors. Even though the underpricing of IPO stocks on the first day of listing on average reached 31% over the past 13 years, individual investors in the Korean stock market earned very little actual return on IPO stock investment. The market-adjusted return on IPO stock investment on the first day was about −0.5%, and even if they held IPO stocks for one year after listing, it was only 3.4%. The so-called winner’s curse, in which individual investors are allocated relatively many overvalued stocks appears to be present in the Korean IPO market. The allocation of IPO stocks by individual investors depends on several factors that reflect individual investors’ sentiment, such as past performance of previous IPOs, past industrial returns, institutional investors’ investment intent, offering size, an upward revision of the offer price, and issuing firm’s financial soundness. It was found that the higher the individual allocation rate, the lower the short-term investment return on the first trading day, confirming the winner’s curse risk of individual investors. However, in the long run, a reversal of returns was observed, in which the long-term returns of IPO stocks with high individual allocation rates rose. In order to mitigate the winner’s curse risk, it is desirable to reform IPO pricing mechanisms and allocation rules in a way that reduces the asymmetry of information between institutional and individual investors and reflects the subscription demand of individual investors.

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Sonika, Sushil Kumar Verma, Siddhartha Samanta, Ankit Kumar Srivastava, Sonali Biswas, Rim M. Alsharabi, and Shailendra Rajput. "Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite for Energy Storage and Energy Harvesting Systems." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2266899.

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Conducting polymers (CPs) have received a lot of attention because of their unique advantages over popular materials, such as universal and tunable electrical conductivity, simple invention approach, high mechanical strength, low weight, low price, and ease of processing. Polymer nanocomposites have been enthusiastically explored as superlative energy generators for low-power-consuming electronic strategies and confirmed progressive surface area, electronic conductivity, and amazing electrochemical behaviour through expanding the opportunity of utilization. The hybridization of conducting polymer with inorganic hybrid and organic nanomaterials also resulted in multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with better capabilities in a variety of devices, including sensors, energy storage, energy harvesting, and defensive devices. The capability and assistance of modern advancements for the development of multifunctional nanomaterials/nanocomposites have been presented, as well as the approaches for producing nanostructured CPs. The mechanisms underlying their electrical conductivity, and ways for modifying their properties, are investigated. The ongoing research towards generating superior CP-based nanomaterials is also discussed. This assessment focuses on the important schemes involved in the scientific and industrial use of polymeric materials and nanocomposites intended for the scheme and manufacture of energy strategies such as solar cells, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and energy cells, as well as the waiting problems and their prospects.

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Matičič Zver, Manca, and Tina Vukasović. "Consumers’ Attitude Towards Eco Friendly Textile Products." TEKSTILEC 64, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.159-171.

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Care for the environment is directly connected to consumer behaviour. The authors summarize in their research the findings of different authors who have examined various aspects of socially responsible consumption, green consumption and ethical consumer behaviour. Their results have shown that consumers contribute to active environmental problem solving by selecting and purchasing environment-friendly textile products. Today’s con¬sumers have started to act more ethically and responsibly when purchasing and considering the products they need. The goal of this paper is to explore Slovenian consumers’ perception of eco-friendly textile products, to investigate underlying attitudes and perceptions, and consumers’ willingness to buy eco-friendly textile products in the future. Research questions focus on knowledge about eco-friendly textile products, attitudes, perception and purchasing behaviour as it relates to eco-friendly textile products. Slovenian consumers express a positive attitude towards eco-friendly textile products. They perceive eco-friendly textile products as products with a certificate, as produced in an eco-friendly manner, as products with a higher price than conventional products and as sustainable products. The most important factor when purchasing eco-friendly textile products is the label “product with certificate” or “certified product”, as consumers buy eco-friendly textile products labelled as such. Respondents intend to purchase eco-friendly textile products in the future. The results of this research could be used in planning the further development of the eco-friendly textile products market. Overall positive attitudes toward eco-friendly textile products should be reinforced, while consumers can be influenced through targeted advertising. The results of this research can be used to plan further marketing activities.

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Clark, Rowan, and Colin Pulham. "Developing Next Generation Phase Change Materials for Heat Storage Applications." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099495.

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A large proportion of energy consumption in the UK is in the form of heat, associated with domestic and commercial heating of buildings, and the heating requirements for a wide range of industrial processes. Since many heating requirements rely ultimately on the combustion of fossil fuels, inevitably this has a major impact on the release of CO2. Furthermore, with the ever-increasing price of fuel and electricity, there are significant economic impacts for both domestic and industrial consumers. Hence there is a very strong driver towards the exploitation of renewable heat, and a key challenge for renewable heat must be effective heat storage. Latent heat storage systems have the potential to be more economical and reduce CO2 emissions compared to heating systems currently used in homes and industry. Phase-change materials (PCMs) are the key materials used in the technology, and can include organic compounds such as waxes and sugar alcohols, and inorganic compounds such as salt hydrates. On melting these materials absorb heat and on freezing they release heat. This poster describes the development of new PCMs based on hydrates of magnesium , calcium, and strontium compounds which have tailored properties such as specific melting temperature ranges, improved long-term stabilities (over many heating and cooling cycles), and high energy densities. Variable temperature crystallographic studies (single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction) provide valuable insight into phenomena such as incongruent melting, supercooling, the appearance of intermediate hydrates, and the effects of additives that promote crystal nucleation. Such information leads to a better understanding of the behaviour of these PCMs, ultimately leading to more effective methods for heat storage.

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Yadav, Miklesh Prasad, Aastha Khera, and Nandita Mishra. "Empirical Relationship Between Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market: Evidence from India." Management and Labour Studies 47, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x211053166.

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This study investigates the relationship between the Indian stock market price behaviour and macroeconomic variables. The proxy for the Indian stock market is the BSESENSEX while Foreign Reserve, Exchange Rate (Indian vs. US Dollar) and CPI are proxies for the macroeconomic variables. The Johansen Cointegration Test and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on monthly data collected from websites of Reserve Bank of India and Bombay Stock Exchange within the time period of January 2000 and February 2020 have been applied. We observe a contradiction between the results of trace statistics and the maximal eigenvalue of the Johansen Cointegration. The -trace statistics of cointegration allude to the long-run association between the Indian stock market and its constituent macroeconomic variables. The VECM is then applied to examine the long-run and short-run causalities and the results reveal the same. This study has profound implications for investors to diversify their portfolio, considering the impact of the constituent selected macroeconomic variables in the short run and long run. JEL Codes: B22, J11, R53

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IQBAL, NADEEM, AMJAD AMIN, and DANISH WADOOD ALAM. "Determinants of Price Rigidity and Flexibility: Some Survey Evidence for the Pakistan." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-26.

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The objective of the study is to estimate the determinants of price stickiness or flexibility. Data is collected through structured questionnaire from 342 firms, which are selected through stratified random sampling technique from the Industrial Estate of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To estimate the determinants of price flexibility/rigidity, models are estimated through ordinary least squares technique and binary logistic technique. The most important factors for price stickiness are implicit/explicit price contracts and minimum price volatility. Imperfect competitive market structure, number of regular customers, backward-looking behavior, and credibility of central bank and size of the firm are important determinants of price rigidity. While economic literacy and information set regarding expected inflation make the prices flexible. Study recommend that monetary policy of Pakistan should use other transmission channels of money supply instead of traditional channel, because it is found that the degree of price rigidity is low in Pakistan. Keywords: Price Rigidity, Price Flexibility, Price Contract, Frequency of Price Change.

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IQBAL, NADEEM, AMJAD AMIN, and DANISH WADOOD ALAM. "Determinants of Price Rigidity and Flexibility: Some Survey Evidence for the Pakistan." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-26.

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The objective of the study is to estimate the determinants of price stickiness or flexibility. Data is collected through structured questionnaire from 342 firms, which are selected through stratified random sampling technique from the Industrial Estate of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To estimate the determinants of price flexibility/rigidity, models are estimated through ordinary least squares technique and binary logistic technique. The most important factors for price stickiness are implicit/explicit price contracts and minimum price volatility. Imperfect competitive market structure, number of regular customers, backward-looking behavior, and credibility of central bank and size of the firm are important determinants of price rigidity. While economic literacy and information set regarding expected inflation make the prices flexible. Study recommend that monetary policy of Pakistan should use other transmission channels of money supply instead of traditional channel, because it is found that the degree of price rigidity is low in Pakistan. Keywords: Price Rigidity, Price Flexibility, Price Contract, Frequency of Price Change.

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Li, Jiang. "Research on Smart Grid Effects on the Intelligent Response Behaviors of Industrial Users." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1318.

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With the deepening of the smart grid constructions, the intelligent response behaviors of the industrial users should be fully studied. Strengthening power grid comprehensive service ability is to meet the requirements of interactive marketing. Under the smart grid, industrial user response degree is low. The main peak shaving potential of electrical equipment is limited. we should make full use of electricity price signals to guide smart electricity response behavior of industrial users.

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Scheubel, Christopher, David Matthäus, and Gunther Friedl. "The impact of industrial self-supply on Bavaria’s electricity system – effects on supply security and market prices." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-11-2017-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of industrial self-supply in the transition process from centralized energy generation based on fossil fuels and nuclear power to decentralized supply based on renewable energies in the Bavarian electricity system. Design/methodology/approach To quantify effects on system and price stability, a model of the Bavarian electricity grid is created and used to simulate electricity system behavior during a 1-year period for scenarios that are characterized by parameter variations in industrial self-supply, nuclear power capacity, renewable power generation and the capacity of electricity imports. Findings The simulations show that industrial self-supply can reduce instances of maximum grid utilization by 23 per cent and, based on the merit-order effect, decrease electricity market prices by 1.90 and 5.03 €/MWh in the scenarios with and without nuclear power, respectively; these values represent 5.7 and 15.0 per cent of average market prices from 2014. Research limitations/implications The analysis shows that industrial self-supply can contribute to transforming the electricity system in a secure, sustainable and affordable manner. However, merit-order-based price effects have a limitation concerning the future applicability of results as quantified effects may not be permanent when the electricity system adapts. Originality/value This paper connects industrial self-supply and the merit-order effect within a nodal energy model. It provides insights into the relevant interdependencies and reciprocal effects by means of a simulation.

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Ramaswamy, Venkatram, Hubert Gatignon, and David J. Reibstein. "Competitive Marketing Behavior in Industrial Markets." Journal of Marketing 58, no. 2 (April 1994): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800204.

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The authors outline a conceptual framework for analyzing differences in competitive marketing behavior of businesses in established industrial markets. They explicitly distinguish between retaliatory and cooperative marketing behavior. The structural characteristics of the served markets and the competitive positions of businesses are postulated to affect the nature and likelihood of retaliatory and cooperative behavior with respect to price and sales force expenditures. The authors specify different models explaining these dimensions of competitive marketing behavior at the strategic business unit level and test their hypotheses by estimating the various competitive behavior models using relevant data obtained from the PIMS (Profit Impact of Market Strategies) Program. The empirical results support several theoretical arguments and provide insights into the determinants of competitive marketing behavior in industrial markets.

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Casey, Rachel. "Feline Behaviour: A Guide for Veterinarians, 2nd Edition. BV Beaver (2003). Published by Saunders, Elsevier Science Ltd, 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St Louis, Missouri 63146, USA; http://www.elsevier.com. 349pp. Paperback (ISBN 0 7216 9498 5). Price £26.99." Animal Welfare 13, no. 3 (August 2004): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028566.

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Duarte, Ona, and John García. "An Analysis of Colombian Power Market Price Behavior from an Industrial Organization Perspective." Ecos de Economía 19, no. 41 (2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ecos.2015.41.1.

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Kang, Chang-Deok. "Effects of spatial access to neighborhood land-use density on housing prices: Evidence from a multilevel hedonic analysis in Seoul, South Korea." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 4 (July 21, 2017): 603–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317721184.

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Attaining a mixture and diversity of land use within walkable neighborhoods is an essential principle within contemporary urban planning and design. Empirical studies by New Urbanists argue that mixed land use, neo-traditional, and walkable neighborhoods yield socioeconomic benefits and generate a substantial premium in residential property prices. However, few studies apply reliable metrics to capture the connections among urban form, the spatial distribution of land use, and travel behavior and then value their combined effects on housing prices. To bridge this gap, this study calculates the metrics of spatial accessibility and centrality, combining street nodes, networks, and built density by land use type within walkable neighborhoods. We investigate empirically the extent to which residents value spatial accessibility and centrality to residential, commercial, office, and industrial space regarding housing prices in Seoul, South Korea in 2010. The multilevel hedonic price models used suggest that residents highly value urban settings that access larger volumes of commercial and residential buildings in densely spaced areas along dense street networks. However, homeowners respond negatively to higher access to industrial property and weakly to office space. This analysis identifies the value of spatial access to heterogeneous land-use density in housing prices and provides policy implications for land use, transportation, and urban design.

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Rangan, V. Kasturi, Rowland T. Moriarty, and Gordon S. Swartz. "Segmenting Customers in Mature Industrial Markets." Journal of Marketing 56, no. 4 (October 1992): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600406.

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In mature industrial markets, segmenting customers on size, industry, or product benefits alone is rarely sufficient. Customer behavior in terms of tradeoffs between price and service is an important additional criterion. The authors offer a framework for such buying-behavior-oriented microsegmentation of industrial customers. They apply the framework to segment the national accounts of a large industrial company and show how the results of a segmentation study can be used to redirect the firm's resources and customer segments.

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Sandubete, Julio E., León Beleña, and Juan Carlos García-Villalobos. "Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos on Top Currencies from the Foreign Exchange Market (FOREX)." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020286.

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In this paper, we analyse two interesting applications related to the dynamics of economic phenomena linked to the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), informative surprises, and the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos in certain top currency pairs from the foreign exchange market (FOREX). On the one hand, we empirically show that the FOREX market reacts under the Efficient Market Hypothesis in some cases, creating a significant variation in a short period of time (15, 30, and 60 min) in the quotes of the main currencies from the most important economic regions in the West (the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom). This variation would depend on the actual deviation of high-impact macroeconomic news reported by these markets in relation to trade balance, unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), retail sales, the Industrial Production Index (IPI), and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). On the other hand, by testing the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos, we empirically verify that if we consider all the information available in the financial markets of currencies (or at least, more desegregated data) instead of daily data, and we apply a robust chaotic behaviour detection method, we can find differences in relation to the detection of chaos on the same series but with different temporal frequencies. This allows us to confirm that behind these financial time series which show an apparently random irregular evolution, there would be a generating system which, although unknown in principle, would be deterministic (and nonlinear), and we could take advantage of that deterministic character to make predictions, even if only in the short term, understanding “short term” as the time it takes for the market to incorporate these informative surprises in the FOREX market analysed.

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BLECHA, PETR, JIRI MAREK, RADIM BLECHA, JANA ROZEHNALOVA, PETR HEINRICH, and PETR PACHER. "CNC MACHINE TOOL SAFETY FROM THE ASPECT OF HAZARD PERCEPTION BY OPERATING PERSONNEL." MM Science Journal 2022, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 5721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2022_10_2021123.

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Safety of machinery, including CNC machine tools, must be ensured in all phases of their life cycle. The operation and maintenance phase is the most important as it represents the longest period in the machine´s technical life linked to occurrence of work injuries. Every designer of a safe machine must consider also any reasonably foreseeable incorrect behaviour of the machine operator. The latest revision proposal of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/ES [EUR-LEX 2021] sets new requirements on solution of CNC machine tools safety. Aside from assessing the impact of cybersecurity on the machinery safety, the manufacturers will now have to take into account also the psychological stress arising from human-machine interaction. From the psychological point of view, the operating personnel of multifunctional CNC machine tools experience high level of stress when machining complicated and complex-shaped workpieces as the material often costs as much as 30% of the price of the machine; therefore, any mistake of the operator resulting in a nonconforming product causes high financial loss. Influence of various stressors on the operating personnel leads to their impaired concentration on the performed tasks, which may be accompanied by insufficient perception of the hazards associated with the machine operation and thus may lead to occurrence of work injuries. The presented paper discusses the factors that may put the operators of multifunctional CNC machine tools under psychological stress and analyses possible application of the virtual reality technology to assess the ability to perceive the hazards linked to such a complex machine on a group of university students representing both operators (beginners) and designers of a multifunctional CNC machine tool.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial price behaviour'

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