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Therdthai, Nantawan, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Therdthai_N.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/545.
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In bread-making, the baking process is one of the key steps to produce the final product quality attributes including texture, color and flavor, as a result of several thermal reactions such as non-enzymatic browning reaction, starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation. These thermal reactions are dominated by heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside an oven chamber as well as inside the dough pieces. In this study, an industrial baking process was divided into 4 zones. Experiments were conducted, and mathematical models were developed to account for the heat and mass contribution as well as their consequent impacts on the product qualities. Monitoring systems were developed and installed inside an industrial oven to evaluate oven performance, including temperature profile and airflow pattern. Many other tests and experiments were conducted and results given in some detail. To deal with the complexity of a continuous baking process, a three dimensional transient-state CFD model with moving grids was established to account for the effect of oven load on heat transfer in the oven chamber. The dynamic response of the travelling tin temperature profiles could be predicted in accordance with a change in the oven load. The modelled tin temperature profiles showed a good agreement with the measured tin temperature profiles from the actual industrial baking process. Finally, the three-dimensional CFD model could provide guidance in manipulating the oven condition to achieve the optimum temperature profile in the industrial travelling-tray baking oven.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Therdthai, Nantawan. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/545.
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In bread-making, the baking process is one of the key steps to produce the final product quality attributes including texture, color and flavor, as a result of several thermal reactions such as non-enzymatic browning reaction, starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation. These thermal reactions are dominated by heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside an oven chamber as well as inside the dough pieces. In this study, an industrial baking process was divided into 4 zones. Experiments were conducted, and mathematical models were developed to account for the heat and mass contribution as well as their consequent impacts on the product qualities. Monitoring systems were developed and installed inside an industrial oven to evaluate oven performance, including temperature profile and airflow pattern. Many other tests and experiments were conducted and results given in some detail. To deal with the complexity of a continuous baking process, a three dimensional transient-state CFD model with moving grids was established to account for the effect of oven load on heat transfer in the oven chamber. The dynamic response of the travelling tin temperature profiles could be predicted in accordance with a change in the oven load. The modelled tin temperature profiles showed a good agreement with the measured tin temperature profiles from the actual industrial baking process. Finally, the three-dimensional CFD model could provide guidance in manipulating the oven condition to achieve the optimum temperature profile in the industrial travelling-tray baking oven.
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Therdthai, Nantawan. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040428.131506/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes references pp.191 - 202, and appendices.
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Rafart, Jordi. "Improving of the heat transfer from a moulding block in an industrial oven." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-467.
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This thesis presents a study of the cooling process of a solid block performed by a turbulent air flow channel. The study focuses on the turbulent flow and its influence in the heat transfer of the block.
The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the different turbulent model and their adaptation on the necessities of this study. Once the turbulent model has been confirmed it makes a study of the behavior of the cooling process by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), and an analysis of the numerical accuracy of this computational study.
When the procedure of the study of the cooling process is defined it proposes some different variations in the initial solution to improve this process. The study concentrates in variations of the turbulence and the geometry of the studied block.
Finally, the different improving are discussed analyzing parameters as the heat transfer, pressure drop, time consuming or energy consuming.
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Adamic, Raymond Matthew. "CFD and Heat Transfer Models of Baking Bread in a Tunnel Oven." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1355521233.
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Baccelli, J?nior Gilberto. "Avalia??o do processo industrial da cer?mica vermelha na regi?o do Serid? - RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15624.
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-08Particularly in Braziland in Rio Grande do Norte, companies manufacturing red ceramic, play an important role as agents of development to study the region Serid?- RN, specific place for carrying out the research. It is observed in this region a concentration of red ceramic industries of small size, which, despite its importance in the ceramic, they are unable to enjoy or use the new forms of administrative management and technological advances designed and offered by universities, centers of research and projects of governments, remained almost entirely outside the progress and modernization, technological and administrative. These companies still have outdated technology, and management processes, providing quality problems and standardization of end products. Upon these conditions are the companies going through crisis and struggling to survive alone and without assistance. The region of Serid?-RN, lets make a detailed case study of red ceramic companies in the region proposed from the existing theoretical and actual lifting of the condition of the product manufacturing red ceramic, allowing through this overview of the implementation of collect samples of raw materials, allowing the study of each ceramic industry that contributed to the participation of the research, which was determined parameters such as: analysis of the physical, chemical and technological properties of raw materials, characterization of the processes used, raising the technological resources considering equipment, machinery, supplies, raw materials and facilities available and its organization by type of products from companies involved in this study. The methodology consists of the following steps: collection of raw material, crushing and screening, characterization of raw materials (liquid limit, chemical analysis, mineralogical analysis, differential thermal analysis, sieve analysis), mixing, forming, cutting, drying and burning of ceramic bodies and bodies of evidence. The results showed that it was clay with distinct characteristics with respect to plasticity. With respect to the different compositions of mixtures of ceramic masses, we conclude that the ceramic properties showed a direct proportionality with increasing fraction of the clay not plastic. However, the compositions of the masses studied proved to be the most appropriate for the types of simulated clay for use in ceramics. Adopted in the ceramic processing made it possible to obtain products the resulted in consistent properties, and in some cases even exceeding the requirements of technical studies and standard-Brazilian clays to obtain ceramic products such as tiles, bricks and tiles to floor. Based on the discussions from the results obtained in the various processing steps of this work, one can draw conclusions according to the physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of raw materials, the properties of ceramic products burned and analysis. This work may be used by other researchers, private companies and governmental organizations, undergraduate students and graduate, can develop studies and future research to: develop projects to modify the furnaces; mapping projects develop and rationalize the exploitation of raw materials ;promoting reforestation and forest management; develop reduction projects and recovery of waste; develop training projects in manpower sector, and develop security projects, improving the conditions of work in the area pottery
No Brasil e particularmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, as empresas de fabrica??o de cer?mica vermelha, representam um papel importante como agentes de desenvolvimento de estudo para a regi?o do Serid?-RN, local determinado para a realiza??o das pesquisas. Observa-se nesta regi?o uma concentra??o de ind?strias de cer?mica vermelha de pequeno porte, que, apesar de sua import?ncia no contexto cer?mico, estas n?o conseguem usufruir ou utilizar as novas formas de gerenciamento administrativo e de avan?os tecnol?gicos concebidos e propostos pelas Universidades, centros de pesquisas, bem como dos projetos dos Governos, permanecendo na sua quase totalidade ? margem dos avan?os e da moderniza??o, tanto tecnol?gico como administrativo. Estas empresas apresentam ainda processos tecnol?gicos e gerenciamentos ultrapassados, propiciando problemas de qualidade final e padroniza??o de seus produtos. Mediante estas condi??es ficam as empresas atravessando crises e lutando para sobreviverem isoladas e sem assist?ncia. A regi?o do Serid?-RN, permite efetuar um estudo de caso detalhado das empresas de cer?mica vermelha na regi?o proposta, a partir do referencial te?rico existente e do levantamento real da condi??o de fabrica??o do produto cer?mico vermelho, possibilitando atrav?s deste panorama geral a realiza??o da coleta de amostras de mat?rias primas, permitindo o estudo de cada ind?stria cer?mica vermelha que contribuiu na participa??o da pesquisa, onde foi determinado par?metros tais como: an?lise das propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas e tecnol?gicas das mat?rias primas, caracteriza??o dos processos utilizados, levantamento dos recursos tecnol?gicos considerando equipamentos, m?quinas, insumos, mat?rias primas e instala??es dispon?veis e a organiza??o dos mesmos por tipologia de produtos das empresas envolvidas neste estudo. A metodologia aplicada consta das seguintes etapas: coleta da mat?ria prima, moagem e peneiramento, caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas (limite de liquidez, an?lise qu?mica, an?lise mineral?gica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, an?lise granulom?trica), mistura, conforma??o, corte, secagem e queima das massas cer?micas e nos corpos de prova. Os resultados obtidos revelaram tratar-se de argilas com caracter?sticas distintas com rela??o ? plasticidade. Com rela??o ?s diversas composi??es das misturas das massas argilosas, conclu?mos que as propriedades cer?micas apresentaram uma rela??o direta de proporcionalidade com o aumento da fra??o da argila n?o pl?stica. No entanto, as composi??es das massas estudadas mostraram-se as mais adequadas para os tipos de argilas simuladas para aplica??o em cer?mica. No processamento cer?mico adotado, possibilitou obterem-se produtos que resultaram em propriedades compat?veis e, em alguns casos, at? superiores as exig?ncias das normas t?cnicas e estudos de argilas padr?o-brasileiras para a obten??o de produtos de cer?mica, tais como, telha, tijolos e lajotas para piso. Tendo como base ?s discuss?es realizadas a partir dos resultados obtidos nas diversas etapas de processamento deste trabalho, podem-se elaborar conclus?es de acordo com as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e mineral?gicas das mat?rias-primas, das propriedades cer?micas dos produtos queimados e das an?lises. O presente trabalho poder? ser utilizado por outros pesquisadores, empresas privadas e governamentais, estudantes de Gradua??o e P?s-Gradua??o, podendo desenvolver estudos e pesquisas futuras para: Desenvolver projetos de modifica??o dos fornos; Desenvolver projetos de mapeamento e racionaliza??o da explora??o de mat?rias-primas; Desenvolver projetos de reflorestamento e manejo florestal; Desenvolver projetos de redu??o e aproveitamento de res?duos; Desenvolver projetos de capacita??o da m?o-de-obra setorial, e Desenvolver projetos de seguran?a do trabalho visando ? melhoria das condi??es laborais na ?rea cer?mica
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Lago, Diogo Theodoro. "Substituição do gás de coqueria por gás natural no sistema de Ignição de uma caldeira de produção de vapor /." Guaratinguetá, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192357.
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Orientador: João Andrade de CarvalhoResumo: Caldeiras de produção de vapor são utilizadas no setor siderúrgico para produzir e disponibilizar vapor para o processo de geração de energia e para os vários setores que necessitam de aquecimento durante a fabricação de seus produtos, como por exemplo, a vaporização de criogênicos para distribuição na planta. Portanto, caldeiras são equipamentos que necessitam ter confiabilidade. Atualmente, a CSN (siderúrgica brasileira de grande porte) possui duas caldeiras do início da década de 80 que somente partem e operam com uma chama piloto utilizando gás de coqueria, um gás que é subproduto da produção de coque em uma planta siderúrgica. Assim, para alcançar o objetivo de mais confiabilidade e flexibilidade na operação destas caldeiras, utilizou-se os métodos de índice Wobbe, corrigido pela pressão, e o método dos múltiplos índices de Weaver para avaliar a substituição do gás de coqueria pelo gás natural de modo que estas caldeiras possam operar com gás natural em caso de indisponibilidade de gás de coqueria. Mesmo que o aporte energético entre os gases seja diferente, este pode ser ajustado pela pressão do gás. A temperatura de chama adiabática não tem variação significativa, reduzindo-se apenas 1,4%. As emissões de fumaças e CO2 aumentam com a substituição, porém as emissões de NOx tem redução. A utilização do método dos múltiplos índices de Weaver para análise de intercambiabilidade demonstra que o gás natural não é um substituo para um queimador projetado para queimar gás de co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Steam generators are used in the steel industry to produce and supply steam process for power generation and for other sectors that need heat to manufacture their products, such as the cryogenics vaporization for distribution in the facilities. Therefore, steam generators are equipment that need to have reliability. Currently, CSN (large Brazilian steelmaker) has two steam generators from the early 1980s that only startup and operate with a pilot flame using coke oven gas, a gas that is a byproduct of coke production at a steel plant. Thus, in order to achieve the working objective, reliability and flexibility in the operation of these steam generators, the Wobbe index method, with pressure-corrected, and the Weaver's multiple index method were used to verify the coke oven replacement for natural gas, and then, these steam generators can operate with natural gas in case of coke oven gas unavailability. Results shown in the same way that the energy increase between the gases are different can be adjusted in the pressure reduction. The flame temperature has insignificant variation, only 1.4%. Off gas and CO2 emissions increase with interchangeability. However, NOx emissions are reduced. The Weaver multiple index method for interchangeability analysis demonstrates that natural gas is not a gas to replace coke oven gas in a burner designed to burn coke oven gas, but if the burner is designed to natural gas, coke oven gas may be the substitute gas. Regarding the heat input and pri... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Pask, Frederick. "Systematic engineering of industrial ovens." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813216/.
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This research is aimed at improving low-grade industrial ovens (less than 250°C) in the manufacturing industry. Industrial ovens have a significant bearing on the environmental and economic impacts of a manufacturing factory due to their excessive fossil fuel consumption and influence on product quality. Therefore, this thesis’ research question is: 'How can manufacturers improve the environmental and economic performance of industrial ovens?' Research on industrial oven improvement is under-developed and there are significant improvement opportunities within many industrial-heating processes. Manufacturers traditionally prioritise economic assessment when evaluating capital investment projects and it is important that systematic engineering of industrial ovens align energy saving and process enhancement with key business interests. Furthermore, there is a need to incorporate stakeholder perspectives when improving oven processes. This thesis consists of three bodies of research, which all develop ways to improve the environmental and economic performance of industrial ovens: 1) Energy saving through process optimisation, 2) Process enhancement considering both energy consumption and product quality, 3) Developing sustainable industrial ovens. The key research outputs from this thesis are shown below: • There are two options to reduce energy consumption; to optimise the process by changing parameters, or to innovate the process by changing the way the heat is supplied to an oven. • System airflow can often be reduced by up to 30%. This was demonstrated at two factories and three oven systems, and has reduced gas energy consumption by 4,536,000 kWh and cut carbon emissions by 836 tCO2e per year. This has delivered a combined annual cost saving of £121,000. • Installing sufficient control capability enables heating processes to be optimised throughout their life, to meet changing requirements. • A novel approach of polymer cure characterisation has been developed that combines DMTA and a free phenol/CIE-Lch test. This demonstrated that temperature variation within a festoon oven results in dramatically different cure conversion (complete conversion time ranges from 73 to 40 minutes depending on location) and product quality. • A novel multi-criteria analysis method incorporating sustainability indicators from stakeholder’s perspectives has been developed for oven optimisation. • Retrofitting gas-fuelled processes with biomass technology is not economically viable. Alternative schemes that negate capital cost from the business would significantly enhance biomass viability. • Biomass technology is more viable in newly-built processes than retrofit scenarios. • EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) is an effective tool to encourage uptake of biomass heating technology in the manufacturing industry. This study demonstrates that there is opportunity to improve low-grade heating processes in the manufacturing industry. The environmental and economic performance of industrial ovens can, and should, be improved to help the manufacturing industry move towards a more sustainable future.
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Thubert, Pascal. "Converging over deterministic networks for an Industrial Internet." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0011/document.
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En s'appuyant sur une connaissance précise du temps, sur la réservation de ressources et l'application distribuée de règles d'admission strictes, un réseau déterministe permet de transporter des flux pré-spécifiés avec un taux de perte extrêmement bas et une latence maximale majorée, ouvrant la voie au support d'applications critiques et/ou temps-réel sur une infrastructure de réseau convergée. De nos jours, la Technologie Opérationnelle (OT) s'appuie sur des réseaux déterministes mais conçus à façon, en général propriétaires, utilisant typiquement des liens série spécifiques, et opérés en isolation les uns des autres, ce qui multiplie la complexité physique et les coûts d'achat et de déploiement (CAPEX), ainsi que d'opération et maintenance (OPEX), et empêche l'utilisation agile des ressources. En apportant le déterminisme dans les réseaux des Technologies de l'Information (IT), une nouvelle génération de réseaux commutés de l'IT va permettre l'émulation de ces liens série et la convergence de réseaux autrefois dédiés sur une infrastructure commune à base d'IP. En retour, la convergence de l'IT et de l'OT permettra de nouvelles optimisations industrielles, en introduisant des technologies héritées de l'IT, comme le BigData et la virtualisation des fonctions du réseau (NFV), en support des opérations de l'OT, améliorant les rendements tout en apportant une réduction supplémentaire des coûts. Les solutions de réseaux déterministes réclament des possibilités nouvelles de la part des équipements, possibilités qui vont bien au-delà de celles demandées pour les besoins classiques de la QoS. Les attributs-clé sont : - la synchronisation précise de tous les n'uds, en incluant souvent la source et la destination des flux- le calcul centralisé de chemins de bout en bout à l'échelle du réseau- de nouveaux filtres de mise en forme du trafic à l'intérieur comme à l'entrée du réseau afin de le protéger en tous points- des moyens matériels permettant l'accès au medium à des échéances précises. Au travers de multiples papiers, de contributions à des standards, et de publication de propriété industrielle, le travail présenté ici repousse les limites des réseaux industriels sans fils en offrant : 1. Le calcul centralisé de chemin complexes basé sur une technologie innovante appelée ARC 2. La signalisation de ces chemins complexes et la traçabilité des paquets par une extension de la technologie BIER-TE 3. Réplication, Renvoi et Elimination des doublons le long de ces chemins complexes 4. Un temps-réel basé sur un échéancier qui assure un haut taux de délivrance et garantit une latence bornée 5. La capacité de transporter à la fois des flux déterministes et du trafic IPv6 à multiplexage statistique sur un maillage 6TiSCH partagéCe manuscrit rapporte des améliorations apportées aux techniques existantes des réseaux sans fils à basse puissance (LoWPAN) comme Zigbee, WirelessHART'et ISA100.11a, afin d'amener ces nouveaux bénéfices jusqu'aux réseaux opérationnels sans fil. Elle a été implémentée en programme et sur du matériel open-source, et évaluée face à du IEEE Std. 802.15.4 classique ainsi que du 802.15.4 TSCH, utilisés en topologie maillée. L'expérience menée montre que notre nouvelle proposition permet d'éviter les à-coups et de garantir des taux élevés de délivrance, même face à des évènements exceptionnels comme la perte d'un relais ou la dégradation temporaire d'un lien radioBased on time, resource reservation, and policy enforcement by distributed shapers, Deterministic Networking provides the capability to carry specified unicast or multicast data streams for real-time applications with extremely low data loss rates and bounded latency, so as to support time-sensitive and mission-critical applications on a converged enterprise infrastructure.As of today, deterministic Operational Technology (OT) networks are purpose-built, mostly proprietary, typically using serial point-to-point wires, and operated as physically separate networks, which multiplies the complexity of the physical layout and the operational (OPEX) and capital (CAPEX) expenditures, while preventing the agile reuse of the compute and network resources.Bringing determinism in Information Technology (IT) networks will enable the emulation of those legacy serial wires over IT fabrics and the convergence of mission-specific OT networks onto IP. The IT/OT convergence onto Deterministic Networks will in turn enable new process optimization by introducing IT capabilities, such as the Big Data and the network functions virtualization (NFV), improving OT processes while further reducing the associated OPEX.Deterministic Networking Solutions and application use-cases require capabilities of the converged network that is beyond existing QOS mechanisms.Key attributes of Deterministic Networking are: - Time synchronization on all the nodes, often including source and destination - The centralized computation of network-wide deterministic paths - New traffic shapers within and at the edge to protect the network- Hardware for scheduled access to the media.Through multiple papers, standard contribution and Intellectual Property publication, the presented work pushes the limits of wireless industrial standards by providing: 1. Complex Track computation based on a novel ARC technology 2. Complex Track signaling and traceability, extending the IETF BIER-TE technology 3. Replication, Retry and Duplicate Elimination along the Track 4. Scheduled runtime enabling highly reliable delivery within bounded time 5. Mix of IPv6 best effort traffic and deterministic flows within a shared 6TiSCH mesh structureThis manuscript presents enhancements to existing low power wireless networks (LoWPAN) such as Zigbee, WirelessHART¿and ISA100.11a to provide those new benefits to wireless OT networks. It was implemented on open-source software and hardware, and evaluated against classical IEEE Std. 802.15.4 and 802.15.4 TSCH radio meshes. This manuscript presents and discusses the experimental results; the experiments show that the proposed technology can guarantee continuous high levels of timely delivery in the face of adverse events such as device loss and transient radio link down
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Traficonte, Daniel (Daniel Martin). "Patents over planning : industrial capital and federal innovation policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132757.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Political Economy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2021Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
In recent years, scholars from a range of disciplines have analyzed the collective set of federal R&D programs as a high tech-oriented industrial policy through which the US government actively targets certain economic sectors over others for state support. Analysts have emphasized one dominant institutional feature of this system: federal R&D programs lack a central planning mechanism, and are instead highly fragmented and ad hoc. While some analysts have interpreted this institutional structure as a strength, others view the absence of R&D planning as a major shortcoming, a view shared by policymakers advocating for increased coordination of federal R&D programs in order to help combat economic and environmental challenges. This study examines the origins and institutional evolution of federal innovation policy, and in doing so, probes possibilities for future reform. My account focuses primarily on the business-state nexus as an explanatory factor, emphasizing the role of politically active industrial firms in shaping the system's legal and institutional structure. I argue that R&D-based industrial firms were opposed to proposals for R&D planning, but only insofar as these proposals also threatened a separate institutional feature to which these firms were more firmly committed: the transfer of patent rights resulting from government-led R&D projects into private hands. During the New Deal and into the immediate postwar period, the link between patent reform and innovation planning prompted industrial firms to lead the attack against progressive calls for a more coordinated R&D system. When government patent policy became decoupled from planning during the Space Race and eventually led to a new consensus on "technology transfer," industrial firms shifted in favor of R&D planning but by that time saw their political influence substantially reduced. The neoliberal business coalition lobbied instead for increasingly fragmented one-off programs to promote specific high-tech fields--a "hidden developmental state" that would remain intact until the present. From this perspective, the structure of the federal R&D system is more a result of a conflict over property than over planning, and the institutional link between coordination and government patent policy may frustrate future attempts to finally realize planned innovation in the US.
by Daniel Traficonte.
Ph. D. in Political Economy
Ph.D.inPoliticalEconomy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Coley, Andrea L. "Minimizing WIP over a Rolling Horizon in a Job Shop." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12162002-212521/.
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In this paper, a job shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing work in process (WIP) subject to meeting due dates constraints is evaluated in a rolling horizon setting. An iterative-adaptive deterministic simulation-based procedure is first used to obtain a feasible solution. This procedure, the Virtual Factory, has been shown to provide near-optimal solutions to industrial-sized problems in seconds for the criterion of minimizing maximum lateness, Lmax. Then, a simulated annealing post-processing procedure is used to determine when to release jobs to minimize WIP while keeping Lmax ≤ 0.
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Dowey, James. "Mind over matter : access to knowledge and the British industrial revolution." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3525/.
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This thesis argues that the British Industrial Revolution, which marked the beginning of sustained modern economic growth, was facilitated by the blossoming in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain of the world’s first infrastructure for commercial R&D, composed of a network of ‘Knowledge Access Institutions’ (KAIs): scientific societies, ‘mechanics institutes’, public libraries, masonic lodges and other organisations. This infrastructure lowered the cost of access to knowledge for scientists, inventors and entrepreneurs, raising the productivity of R&D and encouraging a sustained increase in R&D effort. This contributed to the acceleration in technological innovation that lay behind the transition to modern economic growth. First, I define the concept of KAIs and explain how they affected the rate of economic growth. Second, I present detailed data on the KAI infrastructure and estimate its effect on the rate of technological innovation during the British Industrial Revolution, using newly constructed spatial datasets on British patents between 1700 and 1852 and exhibits at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Third, I argue that KAIs were largely exogenous to industrialisation, rooted instead in the intellectual developments of the Scientific Revolution and European Enlightenment. Fourth, I show that the prevalence of Knowledge Access Institutions was correlated with the emergence of modern economic growth across countries in the late nineteenth century and that the cost of access to knowledge was a binding constraint to economic progress shared by many countries during this period. Finally, based on the case of late nineteenth century US manufacturing, I investigate the extent to which the emergence of modern economic growth depended on the incentives to innovate rather than the capabilities lent by access to knowledge and other factors. The thesis suggests that the sharp fall in the cost of access to knowledge that we are currently experiencing may give rise to an acceleration in the rate of technological innovation in the coming decades and that policymakers should direct some effort towards mitigating the potentially harmful effects of rapid technological change.
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Tobiasson, Helena. "Game over or play it again and again. : participatory design approach within Special Housing." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53759.
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Activities that are fun, social, engaging and put something at stake are positive for your health no matter age or condition. What can you do if you suffer from dementia and are living at a Special Housing? According to research you should dance, visit the garden, get tactile massage discuss artworks etc. Still, despite all these proposals there are many voices from this domain, telling stories about living without live. Suffering from dementia may affect your ability to speak for your self and initiate activities. How can we know what they want and not what we think they need but they don’t seem to get or might not even want? Why don’t we ask them?We propose more focus on participation and design methods to guide the way.In this report, the author discusses the experience in conducting a Participatory Design research project intended to develop a technological and a related organizational intervention. The aim was to support people with dementia living in a Special Housing with fun and engaging activities. A short description of Participatory Design as an approach within research projects and a description of how it was used in this research study are given. We then discuss the experience in conducting the research, some of the users’ comments and responses, challenges, success stories and drawbacks when trying to design and test an activity in a readymade setting with fixed schema for several weeks ahead. The overall reflection being that Participatory Design has great potential for interventional projects and research focusing on leisure activities in everyday life for people with dementia.We proposes this being due to the two concepts – participation and design
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Ryan, Paul A. "Industrial networks : supply systems and inter-firm relations over extended geographical distance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286699.
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ROCHA, CLAUDETE BARBOSA DA. "FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IMPACT ON FIRMS PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OVER BRAZILIAN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2033@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORLevando-se em conta o aumento da relevância da Administração Financeira como instrumento de gestão empresarial, esta dissertação aborda, via análise estatística, a significância do impacto de algumas de suas variáveis mais expressivas sobre o desempenho das empresas. O principal objetivo desses procedimentos estatísticos foi o de verificar se perfis diferentes de administração financeira afetam o desempenho das empresas em seus respectivos mercados. Para isso, foram utilizados indicadores relativos de fluxo calculados a partir das Demonstrações de Origens e Aplicações de Recursos -DOAR. Esses últimos representam tanto as formas de captação como as de alocação praticadas pelas organizações industriais analisadas neste trabalho.
Considering the relevance increase of Financial Management as a tool for corporate management, this dissertation concerns, through statistical analysis, the effects significance of some of its most expressive variables on companies performance. The main object of such procedures was to verify if differences in financial management profiles affect companies performance. In order to do so, some relative flow indexes were computed from DOAR data. Such indicators express ways of either getting or employing resources adopted by the companies sampled on this work.
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Bernaza, Zavala Miguel Angel. "Internacionalización de los Hornos de Pollos a la Brasa de Industrias Surco S.R.Ltda. para el Mercado de Estados Unidos." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626169.
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La empresa Industrias Surco S.R.Ltda., tiene más de 20 años de experiencia fabricando equipos gastronómicos para restaurantes, cuentan con una planta de 1 200 m2 en el Parque Industrial de Villa El Salvador en Lima. Industrias Surco, ha patentado en Indecopi, el Horno Pollero Ecológico, además tiene registrada su marca en Estados Unidos, cumpliendo las normativas de fabricación americana.
Las estrategias que utilizará la empresa para potenciar sus exportaciones serán:
• Equipos para la industria gastronómica con alto valor agregado.
• Incrementar la participación en ferias comerciales.
• Aprovechar el potencial de demanda del mercado americano y la imagen ganada por la gastronomía peruana, además del consumo de pollo rostizado.
• Implementar una campaña promocional para llegar a los clientes en el mercado americano, aprovechando el TLC.
• Posicionar a la empresa como un proveedor de clase mundial.
Para ello, la empresa participará como visitante en la Feria Hotel Motel and Restaurant Supply Show y luego como expositor en la Feria International Restaurant & Foodservice Show of New York, cumpliendo con los siguientes objetivos:
• Incrementar las exportaciones en al menos US$ $28.000 en el 2019.
• Obtener como mínimo dos (02) clientes en Estados Unidos en el 2019.
• Participación en ferias internacionales en Estados Unidos.
Para estos objetivos se obtendrá recursos no reembolsables del Programa de Apoyo a la Internacionalización - PAI.
La participación de Industrias Surco en las Ferias en Estados Unidos será el inicio del crecimiento de sus exportaciones y de la consolidación como empresa peruana líder.Industrias Surco S.R.Ltda., Has more than 20 years of experience manufacturing gastronomic equipment for restaurants, has a plant of 1,200 m2 in the Industrial Park of Villa El Salvador in Lima. Industrias Surco, has patented in Indecopi, the Ecological Pollero Oven, also has its trademark registered in the United States, complying with American manufacturing regulations. The strategies that the company will use to boost its exports will be: • Equipment for the gastronomic industry with high added value. • Increase participation in trade fairs. • Take advantage of the demand potential of the American market and the image gained by Peruvian cuisine, in addition to the consumption of roasted chicken. • Implement a promotional campaign to reach customers in the American market, taking advantage of the FTA. • Position the company as a world class supplier. For this purpose, the company will participate as a visitor at the Hotel Motel and Restaurant Supply Show and then as an exhibitor at the International Restaurant & Foodservice Show of New York, meeting the following objectives: • Increase exports by at least US $ 28,000 in 2019. • Obtain at least two (02) customers in the United States in 2019. • Participation in international fairs in the United States. For these objectives, will be obtained from the Programa de Apoyo a la Internacionalización - PAI, non-reimbursable resources. Industrias Surco's participation in the Fairs in the United States will be the beginning of its export growth and consolidation as a leading Peruvian company.
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Baik, Oon-Doo. "Characterization of heat transfer during cake baking in tunnel type multi-zone industrial ovens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47551.pdf.
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Sjögren, Källqvist Anna. "Projektledning från ovan - Beroenden och kopplingar i en industriell multi-projektverksamhet." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industrial Economics and Management, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1573.
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This licentiate thesis discusses management and control ofan industrial business that implements several projects at thesame time, a so-called multi-project business. The questionthat will be answered is: What distinguish the management of amulti-project business and what is crucial for the managementto focus on? The thesis is based on a case study at a companycalled Adtranz Signal in Sweden. Adtranz Signal develops,designs and delivers signal and safety systems for the railway.They are a perfect example of a modern company that operatesthe main part of their business with projects.
The discussion will take us beyond the single project andabove the project manager. This is necessary because projectmanagement literature, by tradition, emphasizes on theindividual project, and the complexity of problems when aproject is executed isolated from the ordinary business. Todaythere are only a few empirical and theoretical studies ofmulti-project businesses, especially those that focuses on howindustrial companies use projects and lead project work.
The scientific contribution in this thesis consists of twoparts. The first part is a profound empirical description ofhow management, control and realization of a multi-projectbusiness work. The second part is a further development of theliterature considering management problems in a multi-projectbusiness. Finally there are three important conclusions pointedout:
It exists dependencies and connections between theprojects in the companys multi-project businessThedifferent dependencies can be categorizedThedependencies and connections are important and must be handledsince they effect the management of the multi-projectbusiness
Keywords:Management and control of a project business,industrial projects, multi-project business, multi-projectenvironment, project-based company, project management
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Heponiemi, A. (Anne). "Catalytic wet air oxidation of industrial wastewaters:oxidation of bisphenol A over cerium supported metal catalysts." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208992.
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Abstract The large amounts of industrial wastewaters, contaminated by hazardous and toxic compounds together with ever tightening legislation, have challenged traditional wastewater treatment methods. Therefore, the development of discharge limits under, cost-effective and ecological wastewater treatment has become an essential concern. Catalytic water phase technologies are interesting alternatives for traditional wastewater treatment. Among them catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) has been used successfully in the management of various industrial effluents. However, the development of an active and stable catalyst for the severe reaction conditions of CWAO has proved truly challenging. The aim of this thesis was to study the activity and stability of laboratory prepared cerium supported metal catalysts in the catalytic wet air and wet peroxide oxidation of aqueous organic pollutants. Ru supported on Ce-Zr mixed oxides and commercial activated carbon as reference were used in CWAO and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of surface plating industry wastewater. Ag/Ce-Zr and Pt/Ce-Ti catalysts were catalyzed CWAO of aqueous solution of bisphenol A (BPA). Both CWAO and CWPO improved the abatement of organic compounds from surface plating industry wastewater when comparing the non-catalytic experiments. Moreover, catalytic oxidation enhanced the biodegradability of organic matter in the wastewaters. According to the results, Pt/Ce-Ti catalysts performed with higher activity in CWAO of BPA than Ag/Ce-Zr catalysts and almost 100% removal of BPA was achieved. The leaching of active metal during oxidation experiments affected the activity of Ag/Ce-Zr catalysts. Moreover, CWAO of BPA was not a surface area specific reaction but the activity of catalysts was related to the chemisorbed oxygen content on the catalysts’ surface. The results of this thesis showed that cerium supported metal catalysts are active and stable catalysts in CWAO of BPA and also in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Therefore, these catalysts could be applied next to pilot scale applicationsTiivistelmä Teollisuuden jätevedet sisältävät usein haitallisia ja myrkyllisiä yhdisteitä, joiden käsittely perinteisillä jäteveden käsittelymenetelmillä on hyvin haastavaa. Lisäksi alati kiristyvä ympäristölainsäädäntö asettaa omat vaatimuksensa jäteveden käsittelylle. Katalyyttiset vedenkäsittelymenetelmät ovat viime vuosina herättäneet paljon kiinnostusta. Yksi lupaavimmista tekniikoista on katalyyttinen märkähapetus, jota on käytetty sekä lukuisten malliaineiden että teollisten jätevesien käsittelyssä. Märkähapetuksen vaativissa reaktio-olosuhteissa aktiivisena säilyvän katalyyttimateriaalin kehittäminen on kuitenkin osoittautunut varsin haasteelliseksi. Väitöskirjatutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää aktiivisia ja kestäviä ceriumpohjaisia katalyyttimateriaaleja märkähapetusreaktioon. Tutkimuksessa valmistettiin Ru-, Pt- ja Ag-katalyyttejä, jotka impregnoitiin Ce-Zr- ja Ce-Ti-sekaoksideille. Ru/Ce-Zr-katalyyttejä sekä kaupallista aktiivihiiltä vertailumateriaalina käytettiin pintakäsittelyteollisuuden jäteveden märkähapetuksessa ja märkäperoksidihapetuksessa. Bisfenoli A:n (BPA) vesiliuoksen märkähapetusta katalysoitiin sekä Ag/Ce-Zr- että Pt/Ce-Ti-katalyyteillä. Katalyyttisellä märkähapetuksella ja märkäperoksidihapetuksella pintakäsittelyteollisuuden jäteveden orgaanisten yhdisteiden konsentraatio väheni enemmän verrattuna ilman katalyyttiä suoritettuihin hapetuksiin. Lisäksi käsitellyn vesinäytteen biohajoavuusaste nousi eli jäteveden sisältämät orgaaniset yhdisteet olivat hapettuneet helpommin biohajoavaan muotoon. Pt/Ce-Ti-katalyytit olivat Ag/Ce-Zr-katalyyttejä aktiivisempia BPA:n märkähapetusreaktiossa. Pt-katalyyttisessä reaktiossa saavutettiin lähes 100 % reduktio BPA:n pitoisuudessa. Ag-katalyyttien aktiivisuuteen vaikutti hopean osittainen liukeneminen hapetettavaan liuokseen märkähapetusreaktion aikana. Lisäksi havaittiin, että BPA:n märkähapetusreaktiossa katalyytin aktiivisuus oli riippuvainen katalyyttipintaan kemiallisesti sitoutuneen hapen määrästä eikä niinkään katalyytin pinta-alasta. Väitöskirjatutkimuksessa saatujen tulosten perusteella valmistetut ceriumpohjaiset metallikatalyytit olivat aktiivisia ja kestäviä. Katalysoiduissa hapetusreaktiossa sekä BPA:n että pintakäsittelyteollisuuden jäteveden orgaaninen kuormitus pieneni. Siksi valmistettuja katalyyttimateriaaleja voitaisiin tutkia seuraavaksi pilotti-mittakaavan sovellutuksissa
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Macek, Stephen Harold. "Urban nightmares : the panic over the post-industrial city in the media and public discourse /." Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Stark, Darryl Wayne. "The validity of cognitive and non-cognitive predictors over time /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9513944.
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Chan, Wing-yan. "Internal discrepancies over the economic deconcentration policy during the period of allied occupation of Japan, 1945-1952." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37928028.
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Chan, Wing-yan, and 陳穎恩. "Internal discrepancies over the economic deconcentration policy duringthe period of allied occupation of Japan, 1945-1952." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37928028.
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Taylor, Karl. "Male earnings dispersion over the period 1973 to 1995 in four industries." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300242.
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Odendaal, M. M. "The estimation and management of cost over the life cycle of metallurgical research projects." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10262009-134111.
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Handte, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Optimization of Multicarrier Data Transmission over Wireline and Optical Media for a Novel Industrial Fieldbus / Thomas Handte." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080763252/34.
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Jerónimo, Natividade Helena Mateus. "Scientific expertise, uncertainties and politics : the protracted social and political conflicts over hazardous industrial waste in Portugal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613020.
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Al-Mahmodi, Jaafar Nasheed hameed. "Measurements and prediction of particulate number concentrations and their chemical composition over Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measurements-and-prediction-of-particulate-number-concentrations-and-their-chemical-composition-over-yanbu-industrial-city-saudi-arabia(d5926b1e-3c57-4d23-818c-e0413b3dedbe).html.
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Many recent studies have highlighted the substantial health-related impacts of particle number (PMno) rather than particle mass. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of trace gases with PMno, to identify the chemical composition of particle different sizes and to predict the NOx and PMno over Yanbu Industrial City (YIC). Trace gases (NOx, SO2, H2S, O3, CO), PMno with diameter (7nm-10μm), traffic and meteorological parameters were measured at three sampling sites in YIC. The maximum PMno (333,971 cm-3) at downwind site#1 was about 2.5 times higher than that (123,842 cm-3) at upwind site#2 and about 1.2 times higher than that (263,572 cm-3) at downwind site#3. The average PMno distribution at downwind sites consisted of one distinguishable mode (nucleation mode<20nm) whereas the upwind site had two modes (the nucleation and the accumulation modes). The correlation of PMno with NO/NOx (r>0.7) are generally stronger than with NO2 at sites#1 and 2, whereas for site #3 the correlation between PMno with NO2/NOx are better than with NO. PMno has generally either weak or poor correlation with SO2 and CO, respectively. Particle samples of different sizes (7nm-10?m) were chemically analysed using an ion chromatograph (IC) for inorganic ions and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metals at site#3. The ionic analysis revealed that sulfate and ammonium was mainly present in particle of size < 0.38μm while nitrate and chloride was mainly present in particles of size > 0.38μm. Non-sea salt sulfate was dominant in all particle sizes compared to the marine sulfate which is minor. The total sulfate and nitrate contributed 50.3% and 24.4% of the total ionic mass respectively followed by chloride (13.3%) and ammonium (10.6%). The trace-metals analysis results indicated that Na represented more than 94% of the total mass and the contributions of the remaining metals (Al, Sr, Zn, V, Cr, Fe, etc) were about 6%. A further part of this study consisted of the coupling of the WRF/CALMET system with the CALPUFF model, which was applied to predict NOx and PMno concentrations. The WRF model was employed to generate the meteorological input data for CALMET. WRF predictions were evaluated with surface data and upper air profiles using RASS/SODAR and radiosondes. WRF tends to underestimate the surface temperature on average with biases of up to -3.4°C and also underestimates temperature profiles with average biases ranging between -2.7 and -5.2oC when compared to the RASS profiler, but with a lower bias (< -2.4°C) when compared to radiosonde profiles. The mean wind speed bias for the majority of the cases was close to the benchmark of ±0.5m/s, but the mean wind direction bias for half of the cases exceeded the benchmark of 10o. It was concluded that WRF predictions can be used for air dispersion modeling to produce reasonable outputs. NOx predictions by CALPUFF showed that the contribution of the traffic to the highest concentrations during the nighttime was up to 80%, but after sunrise the contribution from industries became higher (up to 70%). The highest predicted NOx concentration (~313μg/m3) was much lower than the national ambient standard (660μg/m3) and the community area is affected much by industries during mid-morning hours when the wind shifting from land breeze to sea breeze. The fractional bias (FB) ranged between -0.1 and 1.06 indicating that the model tends to under-predict the NOx observations. PMno predictions of two sizes (7-40nm and 7nm-10μm) were derived based on the NOx predictions. All FB values were ranged between -0.1 and 0.5. It was concluded that PMno predictions were generally better than those of the NOx due mainly to adding the background term (intercept) for the PMno predictions.
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Strieby, James. "The BCS algorithm: optimizing crane schedules on multiple bays in conjunction with continuous time simulation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16175.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Todd Easton
This thesis introduces the Bay Crane Scheduling (BCS) problem and related BCS algorithm. The purpose of this algorithm is to optimize the assignment of jobs to overhead cranes as well as the sequence in which each crane performs its assigned jobs. This problem is unique from other Overhead Crane Scheduling (OCS) problems through its increased complexity. Up until now, OCS problems involve a set number of cranes operating in a single common area, referred to as a bay, and are unable to pass over each other. The BCS problem involves a varying number of active cranes operating in multiple bays. Each crane is allowed to move from one bay to the next, through specific locations called bridges. This is crucial to completing certain “special” jobs that require two cranes operating in unison to transport an item. The BCS algorithm employs two continuous time simulations in conjunction with an initial job-assignment algorithm and a Simulated Annealing (SA) improvement heuristic in order to minimize the non-productive crane time, while avoiding overloading any crane. To the extent of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time a continuous time simulation has been used to model an OC system. The BCS algorithm was originally developed for a large manufacturing facility, and when it was tested against the facility’s current scheduling methods, it shows a 20% improvement in the overall active crane time required to complete equivalent set of jobs. This improved efficiency is crucial to the manufacturing facility being able to increase its production rate without the addition of new cranes. In addition, BCS is statistically shown to be superior to the current strategy. The results from BCS are substantial and practitioners are encouraged to utilize BCS’s methodologies to improve other overhead crane systems.
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Thuen, Øystein Øvreås. "Constructing elliptic curves over finite fields using complex multiplication." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9434.
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We study and improve the CM-method for the creation of elliptic curves with specified group order over finite fields. We include a thorough review of the mathematical theory needed to understand this method. The ability to construct elliptic curves with very special group order is important in pairing-based cryptography.
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Kayaalp, Naime F. "Deciding Polarity of Opinions over Multi-Aspect Customer Reviews." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1408362716.
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Daniels, Denise. "Repeated use of impression management tactics : do they lose their power of influence over time? /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8717.
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Dorey, Peter. "Dissent and disagreement in the Conservative Party over the issue of trade union and industrial relations reform, 1960-1984." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262471.
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Ward, Scott. "Fighting Over the Red, White, and Blue: The Industrial Workers of the World and Americanism in the Progressive Era." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1319134411.
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Kobayashi, Tiago Hiroshi. "Uma ferramenta de manipula??o de pacotes para an?lise de protocolos de redes industriais baseados em TCP/IP." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15292.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-07This work presents a packet manipulation tool developed to realize tests in industrial devices that implements TCP/IP-based communication protocols. The tool was developed in Python programming language, as a Scapy extension. This tool, named IndPM- Industrial Packet Manipulator, can realize vulnerability tests in devices of industrial networks, industrial protocol compliance tests, receive server replies and utilize the Python interpreter to build tests. The Modbus/TCP protocol was implemented as proof-of-concept. The DNP3 over TCP protocol was also implemented but tests could not be realized because of the lack of resources. The IndPM results with Modbus/TCP protocol show some implementation faults in a Programmable Logic Controller communication module frequently utilized in automation companies
Neste trabalho ? apresentada uma ferramenta de manipula??o de pacotes destinada ? realiza??o de testes em dispositivos que implementam protocolos de comunica??o baseados em TCP/IP utilizados em redes industriais. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida em linguagem de programa??o Python, como uma extens?o ao Scapy. Esta ferramenta, denominada IndPM - Industrial Packet Manipulator, permite testar os dispositivos presentes em redes industriais em rela??o a poss?veis vulnerabilidades, realizar testes de conformidade de protocolos, coletar respostas de servidores existentes nas redes e utilizar os recursos do interpretador Python para compor testes. Como prova de conceito, foi implementado o protocolo Modbus/TCP. O protocolo DNP3 sobre TCP tamb?m foi implementado, mas n?o foi testado por indisponibilidade de recursos. Os resultados dos testes obtidos com a manipula??o de pacotes Modbus/TCP mostram falhas de implementa??o em um m?dulo de comunica??o para um Controlador L?gico Program?vel bastante utilizado na ind?stria
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Makarla, Rohit. "Evaluation of external noise produced by vehicles crossing over centerline rumble strips on undivided highways in Kansas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2360.
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Dooris, Matthew David. "Apparent Total Evaporative Resistance Values From Human Trials Over a Range of Metabolic and Heat Stress Levels." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3078.
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Failure to maintain thermal equilibrium can cause uncontrollable increases in body core temperature beyond critical upper limits. In selecting clothing, consideration must be given to the heat transfer properties of clothing that may restrict the cooling capacity of the human body under heat stress conditions, most importantly, apparent total evaporative resistance (Re,T,a). This study calculated and compared Re,T,a for five clothing ensembles under varying heat stress conditions, including three relative humidity (RH) levels and three stages of heat stress to determine if Re,T,a values varied or remained the same with changes in heat stress conditions. A four-way mixed model analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for estimated Re,T,a values among ensembles, RH levels, heat stress stages, and interactions among ensembles and RH levels and ensembles and heat stress stages (p < 0.0001). No significant interaction among RH levels and heat stress stages was found (p = 0.67). A Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference multiple comparison test was used to identify where significant differences occurred (p < 0.05). The results of the study indicated that Re,T,a values do change with RH levels and stages of heat stress and that the theoretical framework for explaining heat-exchange in hot environments is not yet well-established. Also confirmed was the dominance of the convection pathway over the diffusion pathway in hot environments.
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Beyer, Carrie Austin. "Exact synchronized simultaneous uplifting over arbitrary initial inequalities for the knapsack polytope." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8782.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Todd W. Easton
Integer programs (IPs) are mathematical models that can provide an optimal solution to a variety of different problems. They have been used to reduce costs and optimize organizations. Additionally, IPs are NP-complete resulting in many IPs that cannot be solved. Cutting planes or valid inequalities have been used to decrease the time required to solve IPs. Lifting is a technique that strengthens existing valid inequalities. Lifting inequalities can result in facet defining inequalities, which are the theoretically strongest valid inequalities. Because of these properties, lifting procedures are used in software to reduce the time required to solve an IP. The thesis introduces a new algorithm for exact synchronized simultaneous uplifting over an arbitrary initial inequality for knapsack problems. Synchronized Simultaneous Lifting (SSL) is a pseudopolynomial time algorithm requiring O(nb+n[superscript]3) effort to solve. It exactly uplifts two sets simultaneously into an initial arbitrary valid inequality and creates multiple inequalities of a particular form. This previously undiscovered class of inequalities generated by SSL can be facet defining. A small computational study shows that SSL is quick to execute, requiring on average less than a quarter of a second. Additionally, applying SSL inequalities to a knapsack problem enabled commercial software to solve problems that it could not solve without them.
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Holtzkamp, Jani Gerda. "Measurement invariance of the second edition of the Fifteen Factor Personality Questionnaire (15FQ+) over different ethnic groups in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85619.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Commericial organizations operate in a free-market economic system. The goal of commercial organizations in a free-market economic system is to utilise scarce resources at their disposal to optimally maximise their profits. To achieve this goal, the human resources function is tasked with the responsibility to acquire and maintain a competent and motivated workforce in a manner that would add value to the bottom-line. The human resource management interventions are therefore a critical tool in regulating human capital in such a manner that it optimally adds value to the business. Personality tests are used in the world of work to determine individual differences in behaviour and performance. There was recently a dispute over the effectiveness of the use of personality tests in predicting job performance, but personality is nowadays regarded as a an influential causal antecedent in the prediction of job performance. From the first democratic elections held in 1994, greater demands have been placed on the cultural appropriateness of psychological testing in South Africa. The use of cross-cultural assessments in South Africa are therefore currently very prominent. The use of psychological tests, including personality tests, is now strictly controlled by legislation, including the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998. In order to make informed decisions, industrial psychologists and registered psychology practitioners need reliable and valid information about the personality construct which will enable them to make accurate predictions on the criterion construct. This argument provides significant justification for the primary purpose of this study, namely an equivalence and invariance study of the second edition of the Fifteen Factor Questionnaire (15FQ +) in a sample of Black, Coloured and White South Africans. Bias in psychological testing can be described as ‘troublesome’ factors that threaten the validity of cross-cultural comparisons across different groups e.g., ethnic groups (Van de Vijver & Leung, 1997). These factors can be caused by construct bias, method bias and/or item bias. It is therefore essential that the information provided by the test results must have the same meaning across all the various reference groups. This assumption necessitates evidence of equivalent and invariant measurements across different groups. Equivalence and invariance in this study is investigated by making use of Dunbar, Theron and Spangenberg (2011)'s proposed steps. Complete measurement invariance and full measurement equivalence is the last step and implies that the observed measurements can be compared directly between the different groups.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommersiële Organisasies word bedryf in ‘n vrye-mark ekonomiese stelsel. Die doel van kommersiële organisasies is dus om skaars hulpbronne tot hul beskikking optimaal aan te wend ten einde wins te maksimeer. Daarom is dit belangrik vir die menslikehulpbron funksie om ‘n bevoegde en gemotiveerde werksmag te verkry en in stand te hou op ‘n wyse wat waarde tot die onderneming byvoeg. Dit is daarom uiters belangrik om die regte menslikehulpbron intervensies in organisasies te implementeer om die menslike kapitaal so te reguleer dat hulle optimaal waarde tot die onderneming byvoeg. Persoonlikheidstoetse word gebruik in die wêreld van werk om individuele verskille in gedrag en werksprestasie te bepaal. Daar was onlangs ‘n dispuut oor die effektiwiteit van persoonlikheidstoetse se gebruik in die voorspelling van werksprestasie, maar persoonlikheid word hedendaags beskou as ‘n invloedryke oorsaaklike veranderlike in die voorspelling van werksprestasie. Vanaf die eerste demokratiese verkiesing van 1994 word daar sterker eise geplaas op die kulturele toepaslikheid van sielkundige toetse in Suid Afrika. Kruis-kulturele assesserings in Suid Afrika is daarom tans baie prominent. Die gebruik van sielkundige toetse, ingesluit persoonlikheidstoetse, word nou streng beheer deur wetgewing, onder andere die Wet op Gelyke Indiensneming 55 van 1998. Ten einde ingeligte besluite te kan neem, benodig bedryfsielkundiges en geregistreerde sielkundé praktisyns betroubare en geldige inligting oor die persoonlikheidskonstruk om hul in staat te stel om akkurate voorspellings van die kriteriumkonstruk te maak. Dit bied wesenlik die regverdiging vir die primêre oogmerk van hierdie studie, naamlik om ‘n ekwivalensie en invariansie studie van die tweede uitgawe van die Vyftien Faktor Vraelys (the Fifteen Factor Questionnaire, 15FQ+) op ‘n steekproef van Swart, Kleurling en Wit Suid Afrikaners te onderneem. Sydigheid in toetse kan beskryf word as ‘lastige’ faktore wat die geldigheid van kruis-kulturele vergelykings oor verskillende groepe (bv. Etniese groepe) bedreig (Van de Vijver & Leung, 1997). Hierdie faktore kan veroorsaak word deur konstruksydigheid, metodesydigheid en/of itemsydigheid. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat die informasie wat verskaf word deur die toetsresultate dieselfde betekenis moet hê oor al die verskillende verwysingsgroepe. Hierdie aanname noodsaak bewyse van ekwivalente en invariante metings oor verskillende groepe. Ekwivalensie en Invariansie in hierdie studie word ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van Dunbar, Theron en Spangenberg (2011) se voorgestelde stappe. Volle ekwivalensie en invariansie is die laaste stap en impliseer dat waargenome metings oor verskillende groepe direk met mekaar vergelyk kan word.
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Lubbers, Miranda Charmain, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The changing competitive structure of the Canadian accounting market over a period of large firm merger activity." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 1996, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/72.
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My thesis studies the changing competitive structure of the Canadian auditing industry during the period 1987 to 1992. Two mergers took place over this period amond four large Canadian accounting firms. I assess whether market power is likely to become a problem with already high, and possibly increasing levels of concentration in the audit industry. Using data from several sources, I examine those characteristics that affect the likelihood that high concentration facilitates market power. I then apply the official standards (Merger Guidelines) for Canadian merger analysis to data on audit services. Because the Merger Guidelines expressly do not permit the authorities to oppose a merger merely on structural grounds, I supplement my structural analysis with a review of studies which examine whether audit fees are influenced upward by high concentration. Overall, I found the industry more competitive in the post merger period.xii, 149 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Jado, Ahmed Hamdy Kamel Abdelsalam [Verfasser], Tetyana [Akademischer Betreuer] Morozyuk, Tetyana [Gutachter] Morozyuk, and Predrag [Gutachter] Raskovic. "Evaluation and improvement of energy management in industrial baking ovens / Ahmed Hamdy Kamel Abdelsalam Jado ; Gutachter: Tetyana Morozyuk, Predrag Raskovic ; Betreuer: Tetyana Morozyuk." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118613030X/34.
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Li, Yong. "An empirical study of the effects of managerial discretion over the extended adoption of new UK employers' pension accounting rules." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2590/.
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On 30 November 2000, the Accounting Standards Board issued Financial Reporting Standard 17(‘Retirement Benefits’, FRS 17) to supersede Statement of Standard Accounting Practice (‘Accounting for Pension Costs’, SSAP 24). It removed managerial discretion over the main actuarial assumptions used to estimate employers’ pension obligations, and required the recognition of pension assets and liabilities on a consistent ‘fair value’ basis. However, FRS17 was only fully effective for reporting periods ending on or after 30 June 2005. This thesis examines empirically how the prolonged period associated with the debate, promotion and implementation of FRS17 interacted with various managerial pension choices. Evidence of these interactions can help discriminate among competing theoretical perspectives concerning employers’ long-term defined benefit pension obligations. This thesis draws upon these competing theoretical frameworks to develop and test hypotheses concerning the impact of pension accounting regulatory change on UK firms’ discretion over pension actuarial assumptions, termination and asset allocation during the period 1998 – 2002. The empirical results support three major hypotheses. Firstly, the magnitude of expected rate of return on pension assets assumption used for financial reporting purposes is driven primarily by the UK firms’ balance sheet leverage. Secondly, firms’ defined pension benefits termination decision is inter-related with their pension financial reporting choices. Thirdly, the allocation of pension assets has been managed in a way to reduce firms’ cash contribution risks that stem from measuring both pension assets and liabilities on a ‘fair value’ basis. These findings imply managerial discretionary behaviour related to these choices is consistent with the perspective that employer firms and their sponsored pension funds are an integrated economic entity, as is asserted by the new UK pension accounting rule (FRS 17).
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Collins, Miriam A. "Pre-industrial towns--a spatial and functional analysis over time and space : a comparative study of nineteenth century South Australian and medieval Suffolk towns /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc7124.pdf.
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Campbell, Robert Wilfred. "Wages and labour productivity in Canada : across the provinces and over the ruralurban divide." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29418.
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Regional economic disparities are a widely noted characteristic of the Canadian economy. This thesis examines regional disparities in terms of wages and labour productivity in the manufacturing sector. Regional disparities are analysed along three dimensions: provinces, rural/urban areas and industrial structure. Various competing theories are discussed and compared to the findings. Shift-share based decomposition analyses the magnitude and pattern of disparity and controls for industrial structure. Weighted regression is used to combine provincial and rural/urban effects. The findings support theories that emphasize provinces as units of analysis. The rural/urban results gave qualified support to urban theory. Accounting for industrial structure impacted both the rural/urban and provincial results. The regression analysis found the rural/urban dimension was significant; however, industrial structure and provincial effects were more significant. These results suggest industrial location and provincial economic policies can influence regional economic disparities in Canada.
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Gingembre, Mathilde. "Being heard : local people in negotiations over large-scale land deals : a case study from Madagascar." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76093/.
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This thesis examines local people's voices and influence in negotiations over large-scale land deals. Drawing on ethnographic work on a case study from southern Madagascar, it highlights the variety of agropastoralists' responses to, and experienced outcomes of, the implementation of an agribusiness project on their land. The purpose of this research was to understand the conditions under which certain local people get heard, and others silenced, in the context of corporate land access and the processes by which some of these local voices manage to influence the terms and conditions of the deal. It looked at how horizontal and vertical power dynamics interface with situated moral economies and contentious politics to inform variations in local people's perspectives over, engagement with and experienced outcomes of the land deal. I argue that local voices and opportunities for influence in the context of land transactions in Madagascar are constructed at the intersection of national and village politics. I draw attention to the practices and discourses through which local state officials produce ‘powers of exclusion' and ‘powers of compliance' in their mediation of land deals. I show that, in socially-differentiated local populations, formal compliance with dispossession reflects processes of different natures: “compliance as acquiescence” for some, but also “constrained hope”, and potential challenging of local structures of domination or “compliance as resistance” for others. I explore the moral economies that underpin perspectives on corporate land access as well as choices to express, or suppress, subversive voices and observe a resistance, across social divides, to the “demoralising of land deals”. I show how the vulnerability of state authorities to social movements combined with competition for the resources of patronage and of authority associated with the control of corporate land access open interstices for influence. In a context of institutional bias however, only those who manage to activate key alliances with state officials and to unify village voices beyond inter and intra-class differences stand a chance of being heard.
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Lu, De Lama Graciela. "Struggles Over Governance of Oil and Gas Projects in the Peruvian Amazon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20458.
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This dissertation examines the shifting and multi-scalar governance of oil and gas projects in Peruvian Amazon. Using cases studies of oil extraction in blocks 1AB (192), 8 in Loreto (2006 to 2015), and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for the expansion of the Camisea gas project in block 88 in Cusco, this dissertation explores how environmental decision-making processes of oil and gas projects are structured and enacted. In doing so, this study sheds light on the shifting interactions, negotiations, struggles and (at times) open conflicts between actors that define why, how and where hydrocarbon projects take place in the Amazon. Recognizing the variety of actors, I organize my analysis around government institutions, indigenous mobilizations, environmental assessments and the economic distribution of revenues from oil and gas projects.
From my analysis I argue that resource extraction is changing substantially the relationship between the government and the indigenous peoples in the Peruvian Amazon. These changes involve profound changes in indigenous rights and the creation of new institutions and capacities in the state to address the social-environmental effects of extractive industries. The surge of social-environmental conflicts and the influence of international finance institutions have prompted the Peruvian government to reform the institutional framework regulating resource extraction. This reforms are taking place amid the globalization of indigenous rights, discourses, and laws (such as the Prior Consultation Law) granting special rights to indigenous peoples. However, power-knowledge asymmetries in the decision-making processes (such as the environmental assessments) tend to increase the sense of mistrust among the local populations, resulting in increasing social-environmental conflicts.
In addition, the uneven distribution of benefits from resource extraction is creating regional disparities, increasing the dependency of some regions on resource extraction. An examination of the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment process for the expansion of the Camisea project in block 88 exposes unresolved practices of representation and citizenship of the indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation. However, overall, Amazonian indigenous people’s struggles are shifting the traditional national, social, and political life. They are ethnic minorities and citizens struggling for their rights to participate in decision-making processes and in the distribution of economic benefits from extraction, both particularity and equality.
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Vos, Lenny. "Debuteren in de jaren '90 : over het begin van en schrijversloopbaan en factoren die hierop van invloed zijn /." Rotterdam, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410919842.
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Grace, Brian. "Apparent Total Evaporative Resistance Values from Human Trials Over a Range of Heat Stress Levels." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3125.
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Clothing can influence heat stress depending on the design and its ability to act as a barrier. The progressive heat stress protocol permitted the collection of data to empirically estimate the apparent total evaporative resistance (Re,T,a). Five different clothing ensembles were evaluated, which included work clothes, cotton coveralls, and three limited-use protective clothing ensembles including a pthesis-barrier ensemble, (Tyvek® 1424), water-barrier, vapor-permeable ensemble (NexGen® LS 417), and a vapor-barrier ensemble (Tychem QC®). The study design called for three metabolic level's: low, moderate, and high (L, M, & H) and three heat stages: compensable, transitional, uncompensable (C, T, U). The purpose of this study was to determine if Re,T,a values remained constant over a range of metabolic and heat stage levels. Calculated Re,T,a values were compared using a four-way mixed model analysis of variance. Significant differences for Re,T,a were found among ensembles, metabolic levels, heat stress stages, as well as interactions among ensembles and metabolic levels along with ensembles and heat stress stages (p < 0.0001). A Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference multiple comparison test identified where significant differences occurred (p < 0.05). Results show Re,T,a values differ over a range of metabolic levels and stages of heat stress. Additionally, convection is more supportive of evaporative cooling than diffusion.
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Kalfa, Eleni. "Immigrants' over-education, their labour market outcomes and remittance behaviour." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54350/.
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The thesis investigates immigrants’ labour market performance and migrants’ remittance behaviour using survey data from Spain and Australia. Using empirical estimation techniques, it examines the following three aspects: (1) the impact of immigrants’ educational mismatch at home on the incidence and wage effects of over-education in the destination country; (2) the extent to which immigrants’ social and ethnic capital can correct over-education; and (3) the role of initial motives to migrate, employment conditions and education on immigrants’ remittance behaviour. Using individual data from Spain, the empirical results show that immigrants’ education-occupation mismatch can largely be explained by an existing education-occupation mismatch in the last job held in the home country. In addition to this, a high persistence in over-education is observed throughout their stay in the destination country, with significant wage penalties, especially for the higher educated group. It is argued that immigrants’ performance in the labour market can be improved by their social capital as it provides access to useful resources that could help them in finding a job. However, this does not necessarily mean that social capital can help in finding a better matched job over time. Using a longitudinal household panel survey from Australia, the results suggest that social capital does not contribute in reducing over-education. In particular, social participation and ethnic networks are strong contributors in accentuating over-education. Mixed results are found when distinguishing between levels of education, with the higher educated being better off in the labour market through their contacts. In addition to this, initial motives to migrate, labour market conditions in the host country as well as human capital accumulated may in fact have an impact on immigrants’ decision to stay in the host country, which could in turn affect their remittance behaviour. Evidence from Spain shows that labour migrants are more likely to send money back home, while family migrants have a lower propensity to remit. In addition, employment stability throughout the stay in the host country has a strong negative impact on both, the decision and the amount sent. Significant differences are observed between years of arrival, where the higher educated remit more as time spent in the host country increases, while level of income and employment stability appear to be important determinants for recent arrivals than for those who spent more than 10 years abroad.
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Lian, Tea Sormbroen. "Computing Almost Split Sequences : An algorithm for computing almost split sequences of finitely generated modules over a finite dimensional algebra." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for matematiske fag, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19355.
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An artin algebra $l$ over a commutative, local, artinian ring $R$ was fixed, and with this foundation some topics from representation theory were discussed. A series of functors of module categories were defined, and almost split sequences were introduced with some basic results. An isomorphism $omega_{delta,X} : D delta^* rightarrow delta_*(DTr(X))$ of $Gamma$-modules for an artin $R$-algebra $Gamma$ was constructed. The isomorphism $omega_{delta,X}$ was applied to a special case, yielding a deterministic algorithm for computing almost split sequences in the case that $R$ is a field.