Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrial management – methodology'

Maintenance is an essential task that must be carried out in an efficient and effective manner in order to sustain and prolong the physical assets of a company. Maintenance may be defined as any action which has the objective of retaining or restoring an item to a state in which it can perform its required function. Maintenance is therefore a valuable part of most industries today, helping improve productivity and output whilst reducing the costs associated with downtime in addition to eliminating failure of equipment. The goal of maintenance, like all other functions of any manufacturing company, must be a cost effective activity. Consequently, it becomes essential for a company to develop a cost effective maintenance strategy that will achieve this goal. Delay-time analysis is a maintenance modelling technique which can achieve such goals in a manufacturing environment. Delay-time analysis, through the input of certain parameters, is capable of establishing an optimum inspection interval from both a downtime standpoint as well as a cost standpoint. The delay-time analysis concept has been further developed in this thesis in order to establish an environmental model. Alongside the downtime model and cost model, the environmental model gives a measure of the consequence of failure in terms of cost to both a company and to the environment. This environmental model has been applied to a company producing a product which is potentially harmful to both humans and the environment. The use of delay-time analysis to establish a downtime model and cost model relies predominantly on objective historical data which, given the correct types of data, makes model development a powerful and accurate tool. The environmental model, however, relies heavily on subjective data and expert judgement in order to establish the required parameters. In order to overcome the inevitable inaccuracies present in subjective expert judgement, due mainly to individual perception, the environmental model has been further enhanced using fuzzy set modelling. The use of delay-time analysis to develop a model involves establishing several important parameters, one such parameter being that of failure rate (λ). This parameter forms an integral part of a delay-time analysis study but is established in a simplistic manner (i. e. number of failures/time). This parameter is established using historical information calculated using statistical averages. Understanding and identifying the influencing factors responsible for failure will serve to improve the understanding and increase accuracy of failure rate. This thesis examines and develops this parameter with the use of Bayesian network modelling. Bayesian network modelling allows differing influences responsible for failure to be considered in an exact and precise manner. The findings of this research is that a methodology has been successfully developed, using delay-time analysis modelling, in order to aid decision making in a manufacturing environment. Further improvement of the delay-time analysis model was brought about with the use of fuzzy set modelling and Bayesian network modelling. The integration of both the fuzzy set model and Bayesian network model into the delay-time model has been conducted. A direct comparison has being drawn between the original delay-time model and the enhanced delay-time model in order to highlight the improvements of the integrated model.

For complex technical systems in the electricity and pulp and paper industries, maintenance management addresses how to exploit physical assets in the most profitably way. This is a difficult task that requires taking into consideration parameters of totally different natures – e.g. reliability data, operating costs, condition of technical systems, the environment and rules and regulation.

An incorrect estimate of a residual lifetime can result in a premature renewal with accompanying high capital costs. If, however, renewal is delayed, a breakdown may occur which can cause major damage to technical equipment and a loss of income due to outages. Because of the complexity of many technical systems, it can be hard to select adequate data to use when making decisions about renewal strategies. To cope with this, one approach is to use less detailed models that are operated by skilled analysts.

This work demonstrates the advantage of such an approach by proposing two methods applied in a joint methodology that has its origins in RCM. The methodology consists of Dynamic Lifetime Model (DLA) and the Condition Based Index (CBI). The DLA method copes with the financial risk associated with the point in time for when a renewal is carried out and the CBI method uses critical parameters to estimate the condition of a technical system. The two methods together create a quantitative connection between reliability, maintenance and financial risk. A case study based validation of the methodology was carried out at SCA Ortvikens paper mill on a refiner system and Forsmark nuclear power plant. Lessons learned from the case study showed that the methodology could be used to identify which components could cause costly breakdown. By using the methodology a manager gets a decision support tool for estimating short-term and long-term consequences of decisions regarding maintenance management in order to maximize utility of the system concerned

In order to survive to the unstable and highly changing market-place, modern organisations need to adapt their business processes to be more agile. Such is, particularly, the case of problem solving processes. Problem solving is a key activity that companies perform on a daily basis to improve quality and to obtain sustainable and continuous improvement. Such processes are built following standard rigid frameworks as Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA), Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC), or 8 Disciplines (8D)/ 9 Steps (9S). In these methods, the generalization and reuse of knowledge is facilitated by standardization. However, it is sometimes difficult to react to unexpected events due to over-constrained standards. Then, a need arises to define a problem solving process sufficiently structured but not over constrained by standards, which can be reconfigured and adapted to unexpected situations, and that is based on experience feedback principles. This thesis work describes a proposition of an agile problem solving process driven by the reuse of experiences and knowledge. For this purpose, based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) principles, the complete lifecycle of an agile problem solving process is proposed. Following the five steps that compose the agile lifecycle, the agile process can be defined, executed and stored in a dedicated knowledge and experience base. An application of the model to a specific problem solving process of a surface treatment company is presented. The process is analysed, deploying the complete agile lifecycle. It is shown how the standard problem solving method used within the company could become more agile through the application of our method.

The reason for the existence of any company is to make a profit, which means increasing turnover and keeping costs as low as possible. Optimisation of the Value Chain and Procurement were identified as the two largest contributors when one needs to improve the bottom line of any company. The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated Value Chain and Procurement cost reduction methodology and system specifications for a software solution which captures, tracks and accurately reports the impact of the improvement initiatives. The main research question was structured as follows: What should the specifications of a software solution be that will integrate the cost reduction processes of the Value Chain and of Procurement, in a manner that will ensure maximum sustainable bottom-line savings for companies in the manufacturing or service industries? The objective was to define the key phases in the Value Chain and Procurement cost reduction process and to determine how and where they integrate. It is important to note that according the literature review and the survey, both the Value Chain and Procurement cost reduction processes consist of seven phases. The phases of the Value Chain cost reduction process were: Phase 1: Budget/ABC costing and data analysis; Phase 2: Generate ideas; Phase 3: Evaluate and approve ideas; Phase 4: Implementation planning and approval; Phase 5: Development of project (idea) specific KPI's; Phase 6: Implementation of ideas; Phase 7: Track and report savings. The phases of the Procurement (Strategic Sourcing) cost reduction process were: Phase 1: Team selection/data collection/spend analysis/work plan development Phase 2: Access requirements/internal and external analysis; Phase 3: Develop strategy/shape value proposition; Phase 4: Screen suppliers, issue RFI/P/Q, implementation planning; Phase 5: Conduct commercial event/negotiate/finalise contract; Phase 6: Implement contract; Phase 7: Contract management/track and reporting. The above two cost reduction processes integrate at each phase of the respective processes and should thus be implemented at the same time due to their interdependencies. Based on the findings of the research it was clear that an integrated Value Chain and Procurement cost reduction process alone is not going to solve the cost reduction problems of companies. It is essential for the successful implementation of the integrated cost reduction process to develop skills and knowledgeable resources to implement the integrated cost reduction process, improve collaboration between the Value Chain and Procurement, and to implement a system to track and report performance during implementation. Further research should include how to adapt the current company processes, structures, procedures and systems in order to gain maximum benefit from the implementation of an integrated cost reduction process. The integrated Value Chain and Procurement cost reduction process, supported by a software system, should improve the success of cost reduction projects in companies. It is, however, important to note that the application of the methodology will vary between industries and that service-related industries might put more emphasis on Procurement cost reduction, while the manufacturing industries might place a bigger emphasis on cost reduction in operations. In conclusion, irrespective of the industries, it is evident that this methodology will enhance the cost reduction results previously obtained from similar efforts.

This PhD was motivated by the perceived need to assist organisations to be more successful in achieving change in organisational culture. Soft Systems Methodology (S SM) was chosen as the framework for the study because of the researcher's ten years' experience with the approach, and the wealth of literature suggesting its appropriateness for organisational change projects (eg Checkland 1981, Checkland & Scholes 1990). The aim was to achieve a deeper understanding of how SSM can assist cultural change and what other factors are important. Both literature and practice indicate that the participants' views of what happens in an SSM project are vital, since they will be charged with implementing the change, and yet this viewpoint was not represented in the literature of SSM. This research presents the participant perspective. Action research was chosen and two in-depth case studies were carried out. Interviews with other experienced SSM researchers/consultants augmented the data gathered via the case studies. The major contribution of the research was to extent the theoiy of SSM and organisational culture by: • The conclusion that SSM can contribute to cultural change in organisations, where cultural change is understood to involve a change in roles, norms or values relating to the primary purpose of the organisation (ie in SSM terms - a change in Weltanschauungen). This view was validated by the sponsor and participants of the case studies, and tested in real business consultancy projects. • The identification and ranking of what factors had contributed to this changed Weltanschauungen, from the perspective of the sponsor and participants. Considerations impacting on the general applicability of the research findings were identified and explored, ie an organisation's degree of receptiveness to cultural change, the role of the facilitator, and the way SSM is applied. In addition the research: • Tested the use of a mix of Mode 1 and 2 of SSM. • Highlighted that SSM project facilitators and clients tend to select each other based on trust and shared values. This can lead to the SSM project reinforcing the client's values. • Tested an inter-linked group of techniques introduced by the researcher to strengthen the participative approach to using SSM. While acknowledging the limitations of action research and surveys, as well as the researcher's bias, it is considered that in organisations which display a general receptiveness to cultural change, the approach used in the case studies, and the SSM learning described, should prove useful in assisting the process of cultural change.

This research document is motivated by the need for a systemic, efficient quality improvement methodology at universities. There exists no methodology designed for a total quality management (TQM) program in a university. The main objective of this study is to develop a TQM Methodology that enables a university to efficiently develop an integral total quality improvement (TQM) Plan. Current research focuses on the need of improving the quality of universities, the study of the perceived best quality universities, and the measurement of the quality of universities through rankings. There is no evidence of research on how to plan for an integral quality improvement initiative for the university as a whole, which is the main contribution of this study. This research is built on various reference TQM models and criteria provided by ISO 9000, Baldrige and Six Sigma; and educational accreditation criteria found in ABET and SACS. The TQM methodology is proposed by following a seven-step meta-methodology. The proposed methodology guides the user to develop a TQM plan in five sequential phases: initiation, assessment, analysis, preparation and acceptance. Each phase defines for the user its purpose, key activities, input requirements, controls, deliverables, and tools to use. The application of quality concepts in education and higher education is particular; since there are unique factors in education which ought to be considered. These factors shape the quality dimensions in a university and are the main inputs to the methodology. The proposed TQM Methodology is used to guide the user to collect and transform appropriate inputs to a holistic TQM Plan, ready to be implemented by the university. Different input data will lead to a unique TQM plan for the specific university at the time. It may not necessarily transform the university into a world-class institution, but aims to strive for stakeholder-oriented improvements, leading to a better alignment with its mission and total quality advancement. The proposed TQM methodology is validated in three steps. First, it is verified by going through a test activity as part of the meta-methodology. Secondly, the methodology is applied to a case university to develop a TQM plan. Lastly, the methodology and the TQM plan both are verified by an expert group consisting of TQM specialists and university administrators. The proposed TQM methodology is applicable to any university at all levels of advancement, regardless of changes in its long-term vision and short-term needs. It helps to assure the quality of a TQM plan, while making the process more systemic, efficient, and cost effective. This research establishes a framework with a solid foundation for extending the proposed TQM methodology into other industries.

V současné době se problematika energetických úspor dostává do popředí zájmu jak na úrovni jednotlivých podniků, tak i na úrovni celého státu. Často bývá příčinou sporů ve vědeckých kruzích i mezi odborníky z praxe. Lidstvo tradičně začalo využívat energii z minerálních přírodních zdrojů, které však ve srovnání s obnovitelnými zdroji energie mají omezení. Výzkum a implementace moderních technologií jsou ztíženy otázkou investic a časově omezeny. Proto se evropská strategie energetické bezpečnosti zaměřuje na energetickou účinnost, která je jedním z nejefektivnějších způsobů zlepšení bezpečnosti spotřeby energie. Velké společnosti a podniky jsou jedním z hlavních spotřebitelů energie. Proto je tato vědecká práce zaměřena na problematiku úspor energie a zlepšování energetické účinnosti podniku. Těžiště práce spočívá ve vytvoření a zavedení metodiky pro úsporu energie a managementu hospodaření s energií ve výrobním procesu automobilového podniku. Dále je pro účely této práce vytvořen a popsán způsob vizualizace spotřeby energie v prostředí virtuální reality

La mesure et la gestion de la performance représente de sérieux défis aux praticiens et chercheurs en génie industriel et sciences de gestion pour une prise de décision efficace sur base d’informations intégrées, dynamiques et pertinentes concernant la satisfaction simultanée d’objectifs émanant de diverses parties-prenantes. Bien que nombreuses méthodologies et outils aient déjà été proposés, des progrès en la matière sont encore possibles pour aider les gestionnaires et les ingénieurs à prendre de meilleures décisions et ce, de manière plus systématique.En considérant que la performance d’un système, projet ou processus industriel peut-être globalement évaluée en suivant quatre dimensions (bénéfice, coût, valeur et risque), cette thèse propose un cadre original et complet ainsi qu’une méthodologie opérationnelle afin d’appliquer des méthodes et outils d’intervention appropriés dans l’évaluation de la performance et l’aide à la décision au sein de projets industriels.A l’aide de plusieurs exemples inspirés de cas industriels, ces travaux soulignent que la méthodologie proposée peut être le support de : l’évaluation de plusieurs scénarios de décision pour sélectionner la solution la plus appropriée, l’évaluation de la performance à toutes phases d’un projet industriel et le pilotage d’un projet en cours avec plusieurs points d’évaluation durant le cycle de vie
Performance measurement and management represents serious challenges to practitioners and researchers in industrial engineering and management sciences for efficient decision making with integrated, dynamic and relevant performance information regarding simultaneous accomplishment of multiple stakeholder objectives. Although many methodologies and approaches have already been proposed, there is still room for new advances to go further in assisting managers and engineers to make better decisions in a more systematic manner.Assuming that the performance of an industrial system, project or process can be comprehensively evaluated by four main dimensions (benefit, cost, value and risk), the thesis proposes an original and complete framework as well as an operational methodology to apply relevant supporting methods and tools for the sake of performance evaluation and decision support in industrial projects.Using several examples based on industrial cases, the work emphasises that the proposed methodology can provide the support for: opportunity assessment of several decision alternatives to select the most appropriate one, performance evaluation at any phase of an industrial project and monitoring of an ongoing industrial project requiring performance evaluation at several phases along its life history

Performance improvement is an activity that all organisations must undertake to gain competitive advantage or simplify to maintain parity with the progress of competitors. Such improvement efforts are frequently undertaken in an ad-hoc manner. These are usually ineffective, with projects failing to improve the aspects of the organisation that deliver customer value, and inefficient with resources being wasted. In response to this situation a methodology was developed to aid business processes diagnosis and to design appropriate improvement projects that possess the potential to deliver exceptional improvement. The methodology was designed using time as the key performance metric for analysing business processes and practices. The time-based approach makes the methodology powerful yet simple. The simplicity enable users from within a company to adopt and apply the methodology, a feature that gives the methodology considerable strength. Applications of the methodology in twenty-five organisations found it effective in providing insightful analysis and designing solutions that, when implemented, led to significant performance improvements. The methodology demonstrated a high level of generality, having been applied in organisations as diverse as multinational corporations and Small and Medium sized Enterprises, SMEs, across both manufacturing and service business sectors. Application of the methodology uncovered the need to find better approaches to supply chain modelling and to managing programmes of performance improvement projects. In response, two new techniques were developed and validated. The first was the Time-based Supply Model. This device models the effectiveness of the processes that thread together supply networks using time as the key performance measure. The second was a structured idea-management system for performance improvement projects that uses a stage-gate approach to programme management. Combining this approach with the time-based methodology produced the Performance Improvement Model. This device provides a structure for managing the strategic direction and resource allocation of multiple performance improvement projects.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Instructional Systems Technology, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1301. Adviser: Thomas M. Schwen. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 14, 2007)."

Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
This thesis reports on a research project conducted at Stellenbosch University, focusing on the field of information management, and contributing to the development of an approach for structuring information in such a manner that context becomes apparent, which on its part assists persons (and groups of persons) in selecting useful information from a larger whole, given a certain context. This document is composed of three general sections. The first section is a literature study focusing on the following topics: (1) Information overload: The amount of information in the world, as well as its rate of generation is discussed, together with the notion of information overload, its causes, symptoms and possible solutions. (2) Information utilisation in organisations: General concepts concerning the utilisation of information in organisations are discussed, together with the manners in which organisations fail in efficiently utilising information, but also some examples where organisations have succeeded. (3) Information modelling: Various well-known information modelling approaches currently employed to improve information utilisation are discussed and compared. It is however mentioned that none of these approaches are sufficiently general, flexible and simple enough to assist typical organisational knowledge workers in efficiently interacting with information. The second section of this thesis focuses on the conceptual framework information modelling approach currently being investigated at Stellenbosch University as a means for improving the information utilisation efficiency of organisational knowledge workers. The basic concepts of the approach are discussed, and it is compared with the more well-known information modelling approaches mentioned in the literature study. The research being conducted on the approach is further briefly discussed, which includes the purpose of this thesis (which is the development of a methodology for conceptual framework implementation in organisations), the research method followed, and the thesis hypothesis, which is: Information represented by a conceptual framework implemented through the use of the developed conceptual framework implementation methodology, offer a truthful view on information found in an organisation. The methodology developed is subsequently discussed in terms of its phases and activities, each of which is discussed in terms of its description, the rationale behind and prerequisites of its execution, details of the manner of its execution, and the eventual outputs thereof. The final section of this thesis provides information on the validation of the conceptual framework implementation methodology described in the previous section, which were done in two parts. A theoretical validation was done through a comparison of the developed methodology with existing methodologies for the implementation of other information modelling approaches. A practical validation was also done through two case studies by which conceptual frameworks were implemented at two separate organisations. The document is finally concluded through a summary of the contents of this thesis, the outcome of the hypothesis test, and some closing remarks.

A methodology for eliciting knowledge from several experts in the valuation of commercial and industrial properties for rating purposes in Malaysia using the rental comparison method was investigated by empirical research. The methodology comprised a conceptual approach (experts and their functions), selection of knowledge sources and techniques of knowledge elicitation. The objective of the methodology was to make explicit enriched knowledge ultimately for the development of a comprehensive system. Knowledge was elicited from selected experts mainly by interviews and observation. Several core valuers acted as a panel to provide core domain knowledge. The knowledge was augmented by knowledge from complementary valuers: valuers from six local authorities; a private valuer and an academic to contribute local contextual, market and legal knowledge respectively. Supporting specialists provided building technology, spatial and macro-economic knowledge. Secondary sources of knowledge were provided by documented materials, supporting staff from the local authorities and objection hearings. The pooling of experts' market opinions using the Delphi technique was investigated. A simple regression analysis to find the weightings of the main attributes was also incorporated in the knowledge-base. The knowledge-base was analysed, represented and evaluated in a prototype. It has been empirically established that the methodology has led to the elicitation of enriched knowledge. It has been shown that it is possible to represent this knowledge in a prototype iteratively with other means of knowledge elicitation. Limitations regarding communications between the experts and the potential of computer facilitated collaborative work have been highlighted. Issues in the development of a comprehensive system have been discussed namely, the accommodation of meta knowledge between different local authority valuers and database interface with the knowledge base. The research represents a novel enquiry into a methodology for eliciting knowledge from multiple experts in the valuation domain, specifically in the area of commercial and industrial properties for rating purposes in Malaysia.

Risk became popular among management theorists, with many proposing ways to manage all sorts of risks. Some countries require corporations to implement risk management as stand-alone or even integrated element within improved internal control frameworks. As result, several national standards were developed over the last 20 years, but just one arose as truly international solution: ISO 31000. Little has been published on integrated risk management at airlines and the use of industry-wide standards has never been consistently explored before. Two industry-specific standards exist, but their limited scope led to little adherence by airlines. To cover this gap,this thesis analysed the wider picture of integrated airline risk management practices, aiming at identifying improvement areas to propose an adaptation of the ISO 31000 risk management framework. Several empirical methods (including a survey to publications by the ToplOO airlines, and interviews to airline risk managers, experts and practitioners) showed that only six airlines reported using ISO 31000, with two others citing its predecessor, AS/NZS 4360. Many vaguely referred to COSO, customised models or didn't mention any framework. It is unclear why only few airlines use ISO 31000, when other industries applied it successfully before. Therefore, to help disseminating ISO 31000 among airlines, a customised framework has been designed that proposes a truly holistic industry-specific approach, not focussing on individual risk sources. It integrates risk management along the airlines' entire value chain and involves relevant stakeholders in the airlines' internal risk management efforts. The proposal's validation process showed that, while being ambitious in its goals, the customised framework is complete and concise, providing valuable input for airlines using other risk management models. It has been considered particularly suitable for those airlines thinking of launching risk management initiatives. Given that a fundamental culture change is needed, the timeframe for implementation should be generous, allowing for several process iterations and revisions.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This document describes the different possibilities of Low Cost Intelligent Automation (LCIA)and process analysis for companies in the processing industry. These techniques can be used in production and assembly to reach a higher productivity and to maintain the company's competitiveness. Productivity is very important for any company, because it influences the profit. LCIA means using cheap solutions to automate processes in assembly and production. Cheaper machines payoff much faster. This is important, because life cycles are becoming shorter and shorter. With LCIA more manual processes can be automated. This is an advantage especially in countries with high labour costs. Process analysis helps to optimise processes in a company. To reach this goal it is essential to analyse processes systematically. This helps to gather detailed information about manufacturing defects and where they originated from. With these information it is much easier to eliminate the source of error and to reduce the number of defective products. Less errors in a production process lead to higher quality and productivity. The company "Festool GmbH Deutschland" serves as an example for using the described methods. The presented examples for LCIA are simple solutions to automate manual processes in the assembly division. The process of a fully automated machine serves as an example to illustrate the different aspects of a process analysis in this company. The methodologies presented in this document can be used to achieve improvements especially in productivity. Therefore any company coming from a labour intensive industry should think about integrating LCIA and process analysis into their continuous improvement strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dokument beskryf die verskillende moontlikhede van Lae Koste Intellegente Automasie (LKIA)en die proses analise vir maatskappye in die vervaardiging industrie. Hierdie metodes kan gebruik word in produksie en montering om hoër produktiwiteit te verkry sowel as die maatskapy se mededingendheid te handhaaf. Produktiwiteit is baie belangrik vir enige maatskappy, want dit beïnvloed die winsgewindheid. LKIA beteken die gebruik van goedkoop oplossings om prosesse te automatiseer in montering en produksie. Goedkoper masjiene word vinniger afbetaal. Dit is belangrik, want die lewenssiklus van beide produkte en masjiene word al korter. Met LKIA kan meer handprosesse ge-automatiseer word. Dit is 'n voordeel veral in lande met hoë arbeidskostes. Proses analise help om die prosesse in 'n maatskappy te optimiseer. Om hierdie doel te bereik is dit belangrik om prosesse sistematies te analiseer. Bogenoemde help om gedetaileerde informasie in te samel rondom vervaardigings defekte sowel as die oorsprong daarvan. Met hierdie informasie is dit makliker om die oorsprong van foute uit te skakel en om die getal foutiewe produkte te verminder. Minder foute tydens die vervaardigings proses ly tot 'n hoër kwaliteit en produktiwiteit. Die maatskappy "Festool GmbH Deutschland" dien as 'n voorbeeld vir die gebruik van die beskryfde metodes. Die voorgestelde voorbeelde vir LKIA is eenvoudige oplossings om die handprosesse in die monterings afdeling te outomatiseer. Die proses van 'n ten volle ge-automatiseerde masjien, dien as 'n voorbeeld om die verskillende aspekte van proses analise in hierdie maatskappy te illustreer. Die metodologie wat gebruik is in die dokument, kan gebruik word om verbeteringe veral in produktiwiteit te bewerkstellig. Dus kan enige firma in 'n arbeidsintensiewe industrie gebruik maak van die integrasie van LKIA en proses analise in sy deurlopende verbeterings strategie.

In this dissertation, we consider the clustering problem in data sets with unknown number of clusters having arbitrary shapes, intracluster and intercluster density variations. We introduce a clustering methodology which is composed of three methods that ensures extraction of local density and connectivity properties, data set reduction, and clustering. The first method constructs a unique neighborhood for each data point using the connectivity and density relations among the points based upon the graph theoretical concepts, mainly Gabriel Graphs. Neighborhoods subsequently connected form subclusters (closures) which constitute the skeleton of the clusters. In the second method, the external shape concept in computational geometry is adapted for data set reduction and cluster visualization. This method extracts the external shape of a non-convex n-dimensional data set using Delaunay triangulation. In the third method, we inquire the applicability of Swarm Intelligence to clustering using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Ants explore the data set so that the clusters are detected using density break-offs, connectivity and distance information. The proposed ACO-based algorithm uses the outputs of the neighborhood construction (NC) and the external shape formation. In addition, we propose a three-phase clustering algorithm that consists of NC, outlier detection and merging phases. We test the strengths and the weaknesses of the proposed approaches by extensive experimentation with data sets borrowed from literature and generated in a controlled manner. NC is found to be effective for arbitrary shaped clusters, intracluster and intercluster density variations. The external shape formation algorithm achieves significant reductions for convex clusters. The ACO-based and the three-phase clustering algorithms have promising results for the data sets having well-separated clusters.

The aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the causes of organisational crisis. As crisis genesis research is still in its infancy, the main objective is to develop a theoretical framework that is well-grounded in data of crisis-causal processes. The first part of the literature review examines the need for crisis-causal research and comes to the following conclusions: Crises are significant phenomena for organisations. During crises, a company�s survival is threatened and its central functions are deeply affected. Although interest in crisis research developed strongly over the last decade, the field is still in a pre-paradigmatic stage that requires an inductive logic of inquiry. In addition, the majority of research in this field is focused on the consequences of crises. This preponderance towards crisis consequences leaves crisis-causal research under-theorised. Hence, theory-building on the genesis of organisational crisis represents an important gap that needs to be addressed. The second part of the literature review presents the small field of extant causal research on crises as well as on crisis-related phenomena such as disasters. Insights of these studies are used to pre-specify potentially relevant constructs as well as to develop methodological implications for the subsequent theory-building task. In this thesis a case study methodology is employed. Four cases of crisis-causal processes in large U.S. public companies were examined in-depth. Firstly, a within-case analysis was conducted. Secondly, the results of each case were compared in an across-case analysis. For both analyses, four analytical strategies were employed, namely a quantification strategy, a narrative strategy, a visual mapping strategy and, most importantly, a grounded theory strategy. The results of the analysis are five well-grounded constructs that aim to explain the crisis-causal process common across cases. These constructs are the building blocks for two theoretical frameworks developed in this thesis. While the first framework presents a simple graphic depiction of these constructs, the second framework demonstrates how these constructs are linked. In general, the results suggest that a crisis is caused by a combination of company-specific factors and underlying dynamics that evolve through three distinct phases in an exponential fashion: a phase of stability (pre-crisis stage), a phase of increasing instability (crisis onset) and a phase of resolution (crisis and its aftermath). By setting up positive feedback loops that continually magnify the severity of problems generated by events, a self-reinforcing vicious cycle is established that increases the onset of crisis at an exponentional rate. The results suggest that a crisis unfolds due to a problem structure which becomes increasingly intractable. This is accompanied by an increasing number of events that the organisation needs to deal with as it approaches the crisis point. In addition, three underlying dynamics were identified as crisis-contributing factors: a process of increasing denial, a process of decreasing degrees of freedom and a process of decreasing support of key players. The thesis closes with a summary and discussion of the results. It is illustrated to what extent the theory developed in this work links to concurring and conflicting findings of the extant body of crisis knowledge.

Context: Over the recent years, ‘Lean Software Development’ (LSD) has been emerging as a significant practice in the Software Industry. The inherent nature of ‘Lean’ to efficiently handle frequently changing customer needs by minimizing ‘Waste’ is a major success factor in practicing it in the context of ‘Software Engineering’. In simple words, Lean Software Development is the true translation of Lean Manufacturing and Lean IT principles to Software Engineering. This work presents an in-depth analysis on the implication of lean methodologies from both ‘State of Art’ and ‘State of Practice’ in the context of Software Engineering. Objectives: The prime objective of the study is to investigate what methodologies were considered & adopted under lean philosophy and to present relevant evidence on the implication of lean methodologies in reference to what defines ‘lean’ in Software Engineering. An extensive literature review was aimed to find the existing challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects and the respective lean mitigation methodologies that were employed by various software organizations to appease their negative impact. Industrial interviews were conducted by interviewing lean experts, with a motive to find the current state of lean implementation in software industry. The outcomes from the systematic literature review (State of Art) and the industry (State of Practice) are comparatively analysed to explore the similarities and differences on the state of lean implication. Finally, a set of guidelines are recommended that would benefit an Industrial Practitioner/Stakeholder/Academic Researcher in practicing the appropriate lean methodology in the context of software engineering. Methods: We conducted a ‘Systematic literature review’ (SLR) by systematically analyzing relevant studies and then interviewed industrial experts to validate our findings. The systematic literature review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by Dr. Barbara Kitchenham stated in ‘Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews’ article. The thorough review helped us in identifying various challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects and the respective lean mitigation methodologies that were practiced in the context of software engineering. The associated benefits of practicing the lean methodologies are also presented. The extensive review included peer reviewed articles from electronic databases such as IEEE Explore, Inspec, Scopus and ISI. In addition to this, we conducted snowball sampling on the references of the selected articles to avoid the potential risk of losing relevant and valuable information. Also, other potential sources of information such as books, theses/dissertations, white papers and website/blog articles are included as a part of Grey Literature. In this study, the articles related to the implication of lean methodologies in the context of software engineering were considered. The review included 72 primary studies published between 1993 and 2012. The primary studies were selected based on the following criteria: If they presented the challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects. If they depicted the implication of lean mitigation methodologies (Tool/ Technique/ Method/ Process/ Practice/ Principle) that appeased the negative impact of the identified challenging factors that hampered the success of software projects. If they depicted the implication of lean methodologies (Tool/ Technique/ Method/ Process/ Practice/ Principle) in general or for a specific development/ Management/ Maintenance improvement activities that lead to the success of software projects in the context of software engineering. If they presented the benefits of practicing lean methodologies in the context of software engineering. The study quality assessment was done based on the quality criteria defined in the ‘Quality assessment criteria checklist’. The data such as Article ID, Article Title, Literature type (Peer- reviewed, Non-peer reviewed), Context of validation of the lean methodology (Industry/Academia), Subjects considered for the study (Researchers/students, Industrial practitioners), Type of article publication (Conference/ Journal/ Books/ Thesis Reports/ Doctoral dissertations/ Other), Research method used in the study (Case Study/ Experiment/ Experience Report/ Not stated/ Secondary Data Analysis/ Literature Review), Context of conducting the research (Industry/ Academia/ Not stated/ Both), Context of validation of the study (Strong/ Medium/ Weak), Publication date & year, Source of the publication, are extracted as a part of Quantitative analysis. The secondary data analysis for both ‘State of Art’ (Systematic literature review) and ‘State of Practice’ (Industry) was carried by performing a generic data analysis designed to answer our research questions. The more specific data such as the challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects, the type of lean contribution presented i.e., the methodology being a Tool, Technique, Practice, Principal, Process or a Method, along with the benefits associated on their implication that helped us to answer our research questions are extracted as a part of qualitative analysis from the selected studies. The industrial interviews were conducted by interviewing potential lean experts who had decent experience in lean software development, to find the current state of lean implication in the software industry. In the end, a comparative analysis was performed to clearly understand the state of convergence and divergence between the results from extensive literature review and the industry with respect to the implication of lean methodologies in the context of software engineering. Results: A total of 72 primary articles were selected for data extraction. 56 articles were selected from the electronic databases that clearly depicted lean implementation in the context of software engineering. 9 articles were selected by conducting snowball sampling i.e. by scrutinizing the references of the selected primary studies and finally the grey literature resulted in 7 articles. Most of the articles discussed about lean implication in the context of software engineering. The depicted lean methodologies were validated in either Industry or Academia. A few articles depicted regarding lean principles and their benefits in the context of software engineering. Most of the selected articles in our study were peer- reviewed. Peer reviewing is a process of evaluating one’s work or performance by an expert in the same field in order to maintain or enhance the quality of work or performance in the particular field. This indicates that the articles considered for data extraction have been reviewed by potential experts in the research domain. Conclusions: This study provided a deeper insight into lean implication in the context of software engineering. The aim of the thesis is to find the challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects. A total of 54 challenges were identified from the literature review. The 72 primary articles selected from various resources yielded 53 lean methodologies. The lean methodologies were grouped into Principles, practices, tools and methods. Mapping between the identified challenges and the mitigation lean methodologies is presented. Industrial interviews were conducted to find the current state of lean implication in software engineering. A total of 30 challenges were identified from the industry. A total of 40 lean methodologies were identified from the interviews. Comparative analysis was done to find the common challenges and mitigation lean methodologies between the State of art and State of practice. Based on the analysis a set of guidelines are presented at the end of the document. The guidelines benefit an industrial practitioner in practicing the appropriate lean methodology. Keywords: Lean Methodology, Lean software development, lean software management, lean software engineering, Systematic literature review, literature review.
Context: Over the recent years, ‘Lean Software Development’ (LSD) has been emerging as a significant practice in the Software Industry. The inherent nature of ‘Lean’ to efficiently handle frequently changing customer needs by minimizing ‘Waste’ is a major success factor in practicing it in the context of ‘Software Engineering’. In simple words, Lean Software Development is the true translation of Lean Manufacturing and Lean IT principles to Software Engineering. This work presents an in-depth analysis on the implication of lean methodologies from both ‘State of Art’ and ‘State of Practice’ in the context of Software Engineering. Objectives: The prime objective of the study is to investigate what methodologies were considered & adopted under lean philosophy and to present relevant evidence on the implication of lean methodologies in reference to what defines ‘lean’ in Software Engineering. An extensive literature review was aimed to find the existing challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects and the respective lean mitigation methodologies that were employed by various software organizations to appease their negative impact. Industrial interviews were conducted by interviewing lean experts, with a motive to find the current state of lean implementation in software industry. The outcomes from the systematic literature review (State of Art) and the industry (State of Practice) are comparatively analysed to explore the similarities and differences on the state of lean implication. Finally, a set of guidelines are recommended that would benefit an Industrial Practitioner/Stakeholder/Academic Researcher in practicing the appropriate lean methodology in the context of software engineering. Methods: We conducted a ‘Systematic literature review’ (SLR) by systematically analyzing relevant studies and then interviewed industrial experts to validate our findings. The systematic literature review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by Dr. Barbara Kitchenham stated in ‘Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews’ article. The thorough review helped us in identifying various challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects and the respective lean mitigation methodologies that were practiced in the context of software engineering. The associated benefits of practicing the lean methodologies are also presented. The extensive review included peer reviewed articles from electronic databases such as IEEE Explore, Inspec, Scopus and ISI. In addition to this, we conducted snowball sampling on the references of the selected articles to avoid the potential risk of losing relevant and valuable information. Also, other potential sources of information such as books, theses/dissertations, white papers and website/blog articles are included as a part of Grey Literature. In this study, the articles related to the implication of lean methodologies in the context of software engineering were considered. The review included 72 primary studies published between 1993 and 2012. The primary studies were selected based on the following criteria: If they presented the challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects. If they depicted the implication of lean mitigation methodologies (Tool/ Technique/ Method/ Process/ Practice/ Principle) that appeased the negative impact of the identified challenging factors that hampered the success of software projects. If they depicted the implication of lean methodologies (Tool/ Technique/ Method/ Process/ Practice/ Principle) in general or for a specific development/ Management/ Maintenance improvement activities that lead to the success of software projects in the context of software engineering. If they presented the benefits of practicing lean methodologies in the context of software engineering. The study quality assessment was done based on the quality criteria defined in the ‘Quality assessment criteria checklist’. The data such as Article ID, Article Title, Literature type (Peer- reviewed, Non-peer reviewed), Context of validation of the lean methodology (Industry/Academia), Subjects considered for the study (Researchers/students, Industrial practitioners), Type of article publication (Conference/ Journal/ Books/ Thesis Reports/ Doctoral dissertations/ Other), Research method used in the study (Case Study/ Experiment/ Experience Report/ Not stated/ Secondary Data Analysis/ Literature Review), Context of conducting the research (Industry/ Academia/ Not stated/ Both), Context of validation of the study (Strong/ Medium/ Weak), Publication date & year, Source of the publication, are extracted as a part of Quantitative analysis. The secondary data analysis for both ‘State of Art’ (Systematic literature review) and ‘State of Practice’ (Industry) was carried by performing a generic data analysis designed to answer our research questions. The more specific data such as the challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects, the type of lean contribution presented i.e., the methodology being a Tool, Technique, Practice, Principal, Process or a Method, along with the benefits associated on their implication that helped us to answer our research questions are extracted as a part of qualitative analysis from the selected studies. The industrial interviews were conducted by interviewing potential lean experts who had decent experience in lean software development, to find the current state of lean implication in the software industry. In the end, a comparative analysis was performed to clearly understand the state of convergence and divergence between the results from extensive literature review and the industry with respect to the implication of lean methodologies in the context of software engineering. Results: A total of 72 primary articles were selected for data extraction. 56 articles were selected from the electronic databases that clearly depicted lean implementation in the context of software engineering. 9 articles were selected by conducting snowball sampling i.e. by scrutinizing the references of the selected primary studies and finally the grey literature resulted in 7 articles. Most of the articles discussed about lean implication in the context of software engineering. The depicted lean methodologies were validated in either Industry or Academia. A few articles depicted regarding lean principles and their benefits in the context of software engineering. Most of the selected articles in our study were peer- reviewed. Peer reviewing is a process of evaluating one’s work or performance by an expert in the same field in order to maintain or enhance the quality of work or performance in the particular field. This indicates that the articles considered for data extraction have been reviewed by potential experts in the research domain. Conclusions: This study provided a deeper insight into lean implication in the context of software engineering. The aim of the thesis is to find the challenging factors that negatively influenced the success of software projects. A total of 54 challenges were identified from the literature review. The 72 primary articles selected from various resources yielded 53 lean methodologies. The lean methodologies were grouped into Principles, practices, tools and methods. Mapping between the identified challenges and the mitigation lean methodologies is presented. Industrial interviews were conducted to find the current state of lean implication in software engineering. A total of 30 challenges were identified from the industry. A total of 40 lean methodologies were identified from the interviews. Comparative analysis was done to find the common challenges and mitigation lean methodologies between the State of art and State of practice. Based on the analysis a set of guidelines are presented at the end of the document. The guidelines benefit an industrial practitioner in practicing the appropriate lean methodology. Keywords: Lean Methodology, Lean software development, lean software management, lean software engineering, Systematic literature review, literature review.
0091-8375920473

By definition, all projects are unique
however R&
D projects have specific characteristics that make them harder to manage. The project management methodology applied to R&
D projects may show differences due to the categorization of them. But if there exists a categorization of projects, one can analyze the properties of the project classes and then manage similar projects similarly. In this study, the R&
D projects of a main military electronics company of Turkey, are analyzed. Tunç
(2004) has developed a methodology for clustering the projects of this electronics company. Continuing from his studies, a methodology for determining the class of a new project of this electronics company is developed. For defining the projects in a project space, a Project Identification Card (PIC) is developed. The measurement scale of the PIC is constructed by using the absolutemeasurement Analytic Hierarchy Process. A clustering Tabu Search algorithm is generated for using in the sensitivity analyses of the clusters to projects. And a methodology for determining the cluster of a new project is developed.

Worldwide globalization has made supply chains more vulnerable to risk factors, increasing the associated costs of outsourcing goods. Outsourcing is highly beneficial for any company that values building upon its core competencies, but the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises have exposed significant vulnerabilities within supply chains. These disruptions forced a shift in the production of goods from outsourcing to domestic methods. This paper considers a multi-echelon supply chain model with global and domestic raw material suppliers, manufacturing plants, warehouses, and markets. All levels within the supply chain network are evaluated from a holistic perspective, calculating a total cost for all levels with embedded risk. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear model programmed in Excel Solver linear to solve smaller optimization problems. Then, we create a Tabu Search algorithm that solves problems of any size. Excel Solver considers three small-scale supply chain networks of varying sizes, one of which maximizes the decision variables the software can handle. In comparison, the Tabu Search program, programmed in Python, solves an additional ten larger-scaled supply chain networks. Tabu Search’s capabilities illustrate its scalability and replicability. A quadratic multi-regression analysis interprets the input parameters (iterations, neighbors, and tabu list size) associated with total supply chain cost and run time. The analysis shows iterations and neighbors to minimize total supply chain cost, while the interaction between iterations x neighbors increases the run time exponentially. Therefore, increasing the number of iterations and neighbors will increase run time but provide a more optimal result for total supply chain cost. Tabu Search’s input parameters should be set high in almost every practical case to achieve the most optimal result. This work is the first to incorporate risk and outsourcing into a multi-echelon supply chain, solved using an exact (Excel Solver) and metaheuristic (Tabu Search) solution methodology. From a practical case, managers can visualize supply chain networks of any size and variation to estimate the total supply chain cost in a relatively short time. Supply chain managers can identify suppliers and pick specific suppliers based on cost or risk. Lastly, they can adjust for risk according to external or internal risk factors. Future research directions include expanding or simplifying the supply chain network design, considering multiple parts, and considering scrap or defective products. In addition, one could incorporate a multi-product dynamic planning horizon supply chain. Overall, considering a hybrid method combining Tabu Search with genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, CPLEX, GUROBI, or LINGO, could provide better results in a faster computational time.

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The constructivist teaching method whose main characteristic is the adoption of practical activities in where the individual interacts directly with the object of its development, being motivated to participate actively in the learning process that is included, exploiting their prior knowledge and creativity. From this perspective, this study was to investigate the contribution of constructivist methodology in teaching Production Engineering. For this purpose an experiment was conducted in groups of students of Engineering Production UFERSA, UFF e CEFET-RJ, with the aim of comparing the gains made by students in a traditional classroom and in a constructivist classroom. The two classes discussed the concepts related to Just In Time philosophy. For the constructivist classroom was used Game Production Management, activity games adapted for use in the teaching of production engineering, raised in the literature. Comparison of the results was performed from the application of statistical tests and McNemar Binomial. The results obtained by use of statistical tests denote the contribution of the inclusion of activities in teaching Constructivist Production Engineering. The results collected through a questionnaire administered to students who participated in the experiments showed the acceptance of constructive activity as a tool to complement the exhibition of traditional concepts covered in class.
O método de ensino construtivista tem como característica principal a adoção de atividades práticas em que o individuo interage diretamente com o objeto de seu desenvolvimento, sendo motivado a participar ativamente do processo de aprendizagem em que está incluído, explorando seus conhecimentos anteriores e sua criatividade. Sob essa perspectiva, este trabalho buscou investigar a contribuição da metodologia construtivista no ensino de Engenharia de Produção. Para isso foi realizado um experimento em turmas de alunos dos cursos de Engenharia de Produção da UFERSA, UFF e CEFET-RJ, com o objetivo de comparar os ganhos obtidos pelos alunos em uma aula tradicional e em uma aula construtivista. As duas aulas abordaram os conceitos relacionados à filosofia Just In Time. Para a aula construtivista foi utilizado o Jogo Gestão da Produção, atividade adaptada de jogos utilizados no ensino de engenharia de produção, levantados na literatura. A comparação dos resultados obtidos foi feita a partir da aplicação dos testes estatísticos de McNemar e Binomial. Os resultados obtidos pela utilização dos testes estatísticos denotam a contribuição da inserção de atividades construtivistas no ensino de Engenharia de Produção. Os resultados coletados por meio de um questionário aplicado com os alunos que participaram dos experimentos mostrou a aceitação da atividade construtivista como instrumento complementar a exposição dos conceitos abordados nas aulas tradicionais.

A intensificação do processo de globalização da economia e o aumento da interdependência dos mercados têm imposto uma crescente necessidade de melhoria da competitividade de todos os setores industriais. A convergência da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e da Tecnologia da Automação (TA) dos setores produtivos e administrativos das corporações é uma poderosa ferramenta para que as mesmas possam obter altos níveis de eficiência e de eficácia necessários nos cenários competitivos dos mercados atuais. Apesar dos avanços alcançados em termos de conectividade, por ambas as tecnologias, o processo de integração da TI com a TA é complexo e apresenta significativos desafios de colaboração entre os profissionais de TI, TA e os engenheiros de produção, que ultrapassam a questão técnica da convergência. Esta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para planejamento da convergência de ativos de tecnologia denominada Metodologia para Convergência de Tecnologia de Automação e Informação (MPCTAI), que visa reduzir o risco do processo de integração da TI & TA, alinhando o planejamento do desenvolvimento da convergência aos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) da empresa. Também apresenta a aplicação da metodologia MPCTAI em um processo de convergência dentro de uma importante empresa do setor de materiais para construção, bem como os resultados obtidos.
The intensification of the economic globalization process and the increasing interdependence of markets has been imposing a growing need for improving the competitiveness of all industrial sectors. The convergence of information technology (IT) and automation technology (AT) of productive sectors and administrative corporations is a powerful tool for achieving the high levels of efficiency and effectiveness required in the competitive scenarios of current markets. Despite the progress in connectivity achieved by both technologies, the process of IT & AT integration is complex and presents significant challenges in terms of collaboration between the IT, AT professionals and the production engineers that goes beyond the technical aspects of the convergence. This work presents the development of a methodology for planning the convergence of technology assets, named methodology for planning the convergence of AT & IT technology (MPCTAI) , which aims to reduce the risks involved in the integration of IT & AT, outlines the development planning for convergence to critical success factors (CSF) of the company. This also presents the application of the MPCTAI methodology in a process of convergence and the results for an important company in the sector of products for building construction, as well the results achieved.

Increasingly, companies around the world are reengineering their business process to be more profitable and to improve their customer satisfaction. The technique used is often known as Business Process Reengineering (BPR) which requires radical change in the structure of the company and offers high achievement on some performance dimensions. Statistics show that as many as 70% of large companies are involved in BPR projects and many others plan to begin projects soon. It also shows that up to 70-75% of these BPR projects fail. There are a few reasons for this high rate of failure. Lack of proper and well documented methodology is one main reason. It could also be due to unrealistic scope and expectation of the project, underestimating the time and cost involved, and the effect of company type on BPR projects. In this study a well structured methodology for BPR is proposed. The methodology includes several new concepts and tools orderly organised to ease the hardship of reengineering. Information Technology (IT) has been used as a tool to redesign the company in the form of a simulation tool. It has also been used as a tool within the company to automate the activities involved in the business process. The methodology was tested in industrial case studies and the results were quite satisfactory. The effect of company type on BPR was also tested. For Make-to-stock and Make/Assemble-to-order types of company, reengineering can have great impact. The effect of IT on BPR has been tested. IT if implemented by itself can improve the performance in the magnitude of 10-15%, and if implemented within the framework of BPR can have impact of 40-50% on the business. The simulation package of TOPIX was used for the first time in a manufacturing environment and it proved to be satisfactory software for BPR.

Les évolutions des systèmes doivent être gérées de manière à garantir l'efficacité et l'efficience du système tout au long de son cycle de vie, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de systèmes complexes qui nécessitent des années de développement et des dizaines d'années d'utilisation. La reconfiguration des systèmes est primordiale pour la gestion des systèmes complexes, car elle permet d'assurer la flexibilité et l'adaptabilité des systèmes en ce qui concerne leur évolution. La reconfiguration des systèmes assure l'efficacité opérationnelle et augmente les qualités des systèmes (par exemple, la fiabilité, la disponibilité, la sécurité, etc.).Cette thèse a été effectuée en partenariat avec une entreprise évoluant dans les domaines de l’aérospatial, de l’espace, du transport, de la défense et de la sécurité. Les entreprises portent un intérêt croissant sur la reconfiguration des systèmes afin de garantir leurs efficacités opérationnelles. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une approche basée sur les modèles pour soutenir la reconfiguration de système.En effectuant une étude descriptive, basée sur une étude de terrain et l’analyse de l’état de l’art, le développement d’un support lié à la reconfiguration de système a été identifié comme enjeu industriel majeur. Le défi principal consiste à identifier les données relatives à la reconfiguration des systèmes et leurs mécanismes d’intégration afin d’atteindre cet objectif.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une ontologie, que nous avons nommé OSysRec, qui intègre les données nécessaires pour la reconfiguration et gestion des systèmes. De plus, OSysRec agrège les trois aspects indispensables à la gestion des process de la reconfiguration de système: la structure, la dynamique, et la gestion.Nous présentons également une méthode basée sur les modèles (MBSysRec) qui intègre les données de reconfiguration et fait le lien entre les phases d’ingénierie et d’opération. Cette méthode est multidisciplinaire qui implique des générations combinatoires de configurations et des décisions multicritères pour leurs évaluations et sélections. Nous avons pu démontrer sur deux cas d’étude la validité de cette méthode pour trouver des solutions performantes et pertinentes.Cette thèse est un premier étape pour la mise en œuvre d’une approche basée sur les modèles pour la reconfiguration de système permettant leur flexibilité et leur adaptabilité
System evolutions have to be managed to ensure system effectiveness and efficiency through its whole lifecycle, particularly when it comes to complex systems that take years of development and dozens of years of usage. System Reconfiguration is key in complex systems management, as it is an enabler of system flexibility and adaptability regarding system evolutions. System reconfiguration ensures operational effectiveness and increases system qualities (e.g., reliability, availability, safety, and usability).This research has been conducted in the context of a large international aerospace, space, ground transportation, defense, and security company. This research aims at supporting system reconfiguration during operations.First, we conducted a descriptive study based on a field study and a literature review to identify the industrial challenges related to system reconfiguration. The main issue lies in the development of reconfiguration support. More specifically, challenges related to data identification and integration were identified.In this thesis, we present the OSysRec ontology, which captures and formalizes the reconfiguration data. The ontology synthesizes the structure, dynamics, and management aspects necessary to support the system reconfiguration process in an overall manner.Furthermore, we present a model-based method (MBSysRec) that integrates system reconfiguration data and bridges both the engineering and the operational phases. MBSysRec is a multidisciplinary method that involves combinatorial configuration generation and a multi-criteria decision-making method for configuration evaluation and selection.This thesis is a step towards a model-based approach for system reconfiguration of evolving systems, ensuring their flexibility and adaptability

Ce travail de recherche vise à développer une méthode pour l'analyse de la robustesse des plans de secours industriels. Des défaillances peuvent survenir lors de la mise en œuvre de ces plans, qui peuvent entrainer à un fonctionnement en mode dégradé des dispositifs. Les approches existantes d’analyse de ces plans ne permettent pas une analyse structurée du dispositif de gestion de crise. La méthodologie proposée dans le cadre de ce travail repose sur une formalisation structuro-fonctionnelle et générique des plans de secours industriels, décrivant à la fois les fonctions et les ressources permettant la réalisation de ces fonctions. De plus, ce travail s’est accompagné de retours d’expérience à partir de 159 rapports d’accidents et de 61 exercices POI/PPI, qui ont permis d’identifier des défaillances pouvant survenir lors de la mise en œuvre des POI/PPI. Le modèle développé et les informations obtenues par le retour d’expérience permettent de structurer l’analyse des dysfonctionnements pouvant se manifester lors de la mise en œuvre des plans. Cette analyse de la robustesse est basée sur une évaluation du risque de défaillance des fonctions du plan. La probabilité de défaillance est estimée à partir des questions d’évaluation et des arbres de défaillances des ressources et des fonctions. La gravité de la défaillance de chaque fonction est déterminée en utilisant les études de dangers de l’installation, en suivant la règle des dommages maximum qu’elle peut provoquer. La criticité de défaillance de chaque fonction est ainsi obtenue, et la criticité du plan résulte de l'agrégation des criticités de ses fonctions. Cette méthodologie constitue ainsi une boite à outils qui peut être utilisée à la fois pour l’évaluation des plans existants, mais aussi pour l’élaboration du dispositif défini dans un plan de secours industriel
The objective of this research thesis is to develop a methodology for the analysis of robustness of industrial emergency plans. Failures can occur when these plans are put into action; they can result to deteriorated operating conditions for these systems. Existing emergency plan analysis approaches do not allow for a structured analysis of the emergency response mechanism. The methodology developed in this research project is based on a structuro-functional and generic formalization of industrial emergency plans, which describes both the functions of the plans and the resources necessary for accomplishing them. Furthermore, lessons learned through the analysis of 159 industrial accidents and 61 internal and external industrial emergency plan exercises have led to the identification of failures that may occur during the use of industrial emergency plans for emergency response. The model that was developed and the information obtained through experience feedback result in a structured analysis of failures of these plans. This robustness analysis is based on the failure risk assessment of the plan’s functions. The failure probability is estimated through assessment questions and the plan’s functions and resources fault trees. The failure severity of each function is determined by using the facility’s hazard study and by applying the maximum damage rule. The failure criticality of each function is hence obtained, and the plan’s criticality results from the aggregation of the criticalities of the plan’s functions. The approach followed is hence based on a failure risk analysis, which in turn is built upon lessons learned and the critical analysis of the plan’s model. This methodology therefore constitutes a toolbox that can be used both for the analysis of existing plans and the development of emergency response mechanism

Il presente lavoro di tesi si inserisce all’interno della tematica del Product-Service System (PSS) e si pone l’obiettivo di investigare il contesto attuale, sia in termini di avanzamento nella ricerca, che per quanto concerne lo sviluppo di metodi e strumenti da applicare in campo industriale, in modo da cogliere le principali criticità del mondo manifatturiero ed individuare le principali sfide da superare. Il concetto di Product-Service System si basa sull’integrazione di prodotti e servizi con l’obiettivo di estendere il ciclo di vita del prodotto stesso, creando un nuovo valore aggiunto per il consumatore. Attualmente tale integrazione è possibile grazie allo sviluppo di una serie di nuove tecnologie (e.g. IoT), che attraverso la connettività dei prodotti permettono la connessione tra un prodotto fisico ed un sistema software in grado di gestire ed erogare differenti funzionalità (servizio intangibile), le quali rappresentano il vero valore aggiunto per il consumatore finale. L’approccio al PSS in campo industriale, teorizzato in letteratura come processo di Servitizzazione [Thoben et al. 2001], il quale si compone di quattro fasi ben distinte che rappresentano i vari stadi sequenziali a cui le aziende product-oriented possono approcciare, è sintomatico di un cambiamento in termini di business model, in cui la canonica curva di ciclo vita di prodotto (Introduzione, Crescita, Maturità, Declino) viene ad essere stravolta. Il presente lavoro di tesi mira a proporre e sviluppare una metodologia di progettazione del PSS incentrata sull’analisi dei bisogni dei consumatori, aspetto centrale nel passaggio da una progettazione product-oriented ad una service-oriented. Tale metodologia si avvale dell’approccio QFD e permette la contemporanea definizione del corrispondente business model. Tale metodologia è stata applicata in un caso studio reale presso l’azienda Indesit company, con lo scopo di validare e testare la stessa.
This research thesis faces the Product-Service System (PSS) topic with the aim to investigate the current literature context, both to understand its current status and to analyse the main methods and tools developed to support the PSS in manufacturing. The results derived have been used to identify the current criticalities of such the existed methods and to identify the main challenges to address. The PSS concept is based on the integration of products and services with the aim to extend the current product lifecycle, generating a benefit for the customer. This integration is currently allowed also thanks to the development of a set of new technologies (e.g. IoT), which through the product connection make possible the link between a physical item and a system able to deliver several service functionalities (intangible items) that are the real benefit for customer. The manufacturing approaching to PSS has been defined in literature as Servitization process [Thoben et al. 2001] and it involves four main stages that are the different steps that product-oriented companies can address. The Servitization process establishes a transformation in terms of business model, where the common lifecycle trend has been changed. The present research thesis aims to define and develop a methodology to design a PSS solution, based on the user centred design (UCD) approach, which is one of the main challenge in moving from product-oriented to service-oriented design. Such the methodology uses the QFD approach, and allows the concurrently technical and business analyses. Such the methodology has been applied to a case study at Indesit Company, in order to test its validity.

I progressi nelle tecnologie di automazione e comunicazione all'interno degli edifici residenziali offrono molti interessanti vantaggi per lo sviluppo delle Smart Home, come l'aumento di efficienza energetica, il miglioramento il comfort per gli abitanti e la riduzione dei costi operativi per il proprietario. L'aggregazione e la condivisione dei dati all'interno delle reti possono essere garantite dal moderno approccio denominato Internet delle cose (IoT) e supportati dalle nuove tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione (ICT). Tali tecnologie si stanno evolvendo e le abitazioni stanno diventando luoghi tecnologici popolati da una moltitudine di dispositivi in grado di raccogliere una grande quantità di dati e di cooperare in modo intelligente per controllare tutti i dispositivi connessi, come gli elettrodomestici, l'illuminazione, i sistemi di riscaldamento, ecc. Da un lato, l’intelligenza crescente dei dispositivi connessi produce una grande quantità di dati; dall'altro lato, la complessità di tali dati crea difficoltà di classificazione, trasmissione ed interpretazione delle informazioni utili. Entrambi gli aspetti possono ridurre drasticamente i potenziali vantaggi e limitare la diffusione dei cosiddetti dispositivi “smart”. Mentre a livello aziendale già esistono soluzioni di automazione affermate ed ampiamente utilizzate, le applicazioni per le abitazioni private sono ancora di difficile diffusione a causa della mancanza di standard di comunicazione e della presenza di dispositivi e sistemi altamente eterogenei e quindi di difficile integrazione. Inoltre, anche quando la connessione tra due dispositivi viene stabilita, renderli interoperabili è un’altra grande sfida a causa delle differenze nelle modalità di funzionamento e della difficoltà di integrazione dell'interfaccia. Infatti, le Smart Home non consentono ancora una elevata interoperabilità e gli studi fatti sono spesso fortemente orientati alla tecnologia e concentrati sulle potenzialità dei singoli sottosistemi, trascurando i benefici per gli utenti finali. A tale scopo, questo lavoro definisce un modello di gestione delle informazioni per ambienti domestici intelligenti con lo scopo di supportare la progettazione e la simulazione dei dispositivi “smart” nonché dei servizi sviluppati. Tale modello considera diverse tipologie di dispositivi, le relazioni esistenti tra loro, i flussi informativi e le modalità di interazione dell’utente per modellare correttamente l'ambiente e definirne il comportamento. Il modello sviluppato supporta la progettazione della Smart Home ed è in grado di simulare le funzionalità dei dispositivi con lo scopo finale di valutare i benefici dei servizi forniti.
The advances in home automation and communication technologies offer several attractive benefits for the modern smart home, such as increased energy efficiency, improved residential comfort and reduced operative costs for the homeowner. Data aggregation and sharing within the networks can be guaranteed by modern Internet of Things (IoT) approaches and supported by available Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tools. Such technologies are evolving and the private houses are becoming technological places populated by a multitude of devices able to collect a huge quantity of data and to cooperate in an intelligent way to control different domains, from household appliances to lighting or heating and ventilation. On one hand, the rising intelligence of smart devices makes a large amount of data available; on the other hand, data complexity creates difficulties in classifying, transmitting and interpreting essential data. Both aspects may drastically reduce the potential advantages and limit the diffusion smart devices. While in building automation proven solutions already exist, tailored applications for private houses and integration among heterogeneous devices and systems are still challenging due to the lack of standards and the variety of adopted communication protocols and data model schemas. Furthermore, even when the device connection and consolidation are achieved, making them cooperate in an interoperable way is another big challenge due to differences in usage paradigms, operation modes and interface integration. In fact, Smart Homes still lack of high interoperability and researches are often strongly technology-oriented and focused on single sub-system potentialities neglecting the expected benefits for the final users. For this purpose, the presented research defines an information management model for the smart home environment to support design and simulation of its devices as well as the enabled services. Such a model considers different device typologies, their mutual relationships, the information flows and the user interaction modalities in order to properly model the environment and define its behavior. It supports the design of the smart home by simulating the devices’ functionalities and estimating the expected performances.

Le concept de développement durable, accentue la notion de responsabilité partagée entre les acteurs socio-économiques, administratifs au premier rang, les industriels doivent minimiser leurs impacts potentiels sur l'environnement. L’intégration du facteur environnement implique alors une adaptation fonctionnelle et organisationnelle de l'entreprise. Or, face à cet élargissement de leur domaine de compétence, les industriels se trouvent démunis en méthodes et outils. En réponse, nous proposons de développer une méthode d'accompagnement à la mise en œuvre de systemes de management de l'environnement. Nous déterminons, en premier lieu, la complexité des facteurs interagissant dans la définition d'une stratégie environnementale. Nous soulignons que la définition d'une organisation rigoureuse et permanente de la gestion environnementale suscite de nombreuses initiatives et, parallèlement, interrogations tant chez les industriels que chez les autres acteurs. La seconde partie spécifie alors les paramètres pouvant optimiser la gestion environnementale d'un site industriel. Les hypothèses induites nous suggèrent d'ajuster les compétences et potentialités internes au contexte interne et externe. Afin d'appuyer et légitimer notre proposition, nous la déclinons en nous référant à de nouveaux règlement et normes. Cette option souligne le caractère innovant de notre recherche. La validation de nos hypothèses et outils associés sur différents terrains industriels, présentée en dernière partie, nous permets d'atteindre notre objectif. À l'issue de ce travail de recherche, nous proposons le modèle global, permettant, de définir une approche personnalisée et modulable du management de l'environnement, tout en inscrivant la stratégie de l'entreprise dans l'esprit des nouveaux référentiels réglementaire et normatifs

Orientador: Emilia W. Rutkowski
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O ramo automotivo do segmento metal-mecânico é composto majoritariamente por pequenas empresas que estão expostas a uma exigência competitiva global: aprimorar seu padrão de qualidade ambiental. Todavia, ainda se observa, para estas empresas, uma discrepante participação na adoção de instrumentos voluntários de gestão ambiental quando comparadas, por exemplo, a grandes empresas. Dentre estes, a produção mais limpa (p+l) destaca-se como uma estratégia robusta de gestão ambiental corporativa por se estabelecer a partir de uma plataforma integrada e com foco na prevenção. Sob esta perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe desenvolver e aplicar uma metodologia interativa para implementação de p+l; esta metodologia é composta por um programa de implementação de p+l, concebido e construído especialmente para o perfil de uma pequena empresa e por um conjunto de perguntas e respostas que se vinculam estruturalmente às fases e atividades deste programa e permite, desse modo, sua aplicação interativa valorizando o capital humano, o conhecimento e a linguagem neste segmento de empresas
Abstract: The Brazilian metals sector and, mainly its automotive section, is mostly composed by small enterprises which are exposed to a competitive global demand: permanently improve their environmental quality standard. However, for such enterprises, there is still a meaningful discrepancy in participation as far as self-regulatory environmental management instruments adoption is concerned when compared, for instance, to large companies. Amongst these instruments, the cleaner production stands out as a vigorous environmental management approach based on an integrated platform with a preventive focus. Under this point of view, this study proposes to develop and to apply an interactive cleaner production implementation methodology. This methodology is built by a cleaner production implementation program, especially conceived and created for the small enterprises profile and by a set of questions and answers structurally connected to the phases and activities of such program allowing its interactive implementation as well as increasing value for the human capital, the knowledge and the language in small enterprises
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

El sector textil y confecciones es uno de los sectores con mayores expectativas de crecimiento sostenible de la industria y uno de los que mayor competencia acumula con otros países del sector internacional. Este sector abarca diferentes tipos de procesos, que van desde tratamiento de fibras, hilatura, tejido y confección. El presente análisis recae sobre la baja disponibilidad que presenta los equipos en el proceso de teñido. Este proceso se mide a partir de los reprocesos que existen debido a que se ejecuta mantenimientos correctivos, el cual afecta la producción en el teñido de telas. Asimismo, se logra evaluar el tiempo promedio entre fallas (MTBF) y el tiempo promedio de reparación (MTTR), lo que indica la variabilidad por debajo del objetivo esperado por la organización. Por otro lado, en el tercer capítulo se desarrolla le propuesta de mejora a partir del desarrollo del estado del arte del primer capítulo. Para ello se propone la metodología da seguir de acuerdo con una combinación de RCM y TPM. Bajo esta metodología se desarrolla diferentes actividades y estrategias que permitirán detectar equipos críticos e implementar planes de mantenimiento preventivo mecánico y eléctrico. Además, se incluye como parte de este sistema la implementación de un mantenimiento basado en condición (predictivo) y autónomo. Finalmente, el tercer capítulo finaliza con el soporte de la metodología 5 ‘’S’’ y la evaluación económica a partir de la estructura de costos que tiene prevista el proyecto. Finalmente, en el capítulo cuatro se presenta la validación de la propuesta de mejora a partir de la validación de los resultados en el software Arena. Ello permite concluir que los indicadores MTTR y MTBF ha logrado alcanzar los objetivos presentados en la propuesta.
The textile and garment sector is one of the sectors with the highest expectations of sustainable growth in the industry and one of the sectors with the highest competition with other countries in the international sector. This sector covers different types of processes, ranging from fiber treatment, spinning, weaving and confection. The present analysis falls on the low availability that presents the equipment in the process of dyeing. This process is measured from the reprocesses that exist due to the execution of corrective maintenance, which affects the production of fabric dyeing. Likewise, it is possible to evaluate the average time between failures (MTBF) and the average repair time (MTTR), which indicates the variability below the target expected by the organization. On the other hand, in the third chapter the improvement proposal is developed from the development of the state of art of the first chapter. For this, the methodology to be followed is proposed according to a combination of RCM and TPM. Under this methodology, different activities and strategies are developed to detect critical equipment and implement mechanical and electrical preventive maintenance plans. In addition, the implementation of a maintenance based on (predictive) and autonomous condition is included as part of this system. Finally, the third chapter ends with the support of the 5 '' S '' methodology and the economic evaluation based on the cost structure planned by the project. Finally, chapter four presents the validation of the improvement proposal based on the validation of the results in the Arena software. This allows concluding that the MTTR and MTBF indicators have achieved the objectives presented in the proposal.
Tesis

La connaissance est essentielle pour les organisations, particulièrement dans le contexte de l'Industrie 4.0. La Gestion des Connaissances (GC) joue un rôle critique dans le succès des organisations. Bien que la GC ait été relativement bien étudiée dans les grandes organisations, les Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (PMEs) reçoivent moins d'attention. Les PMEs font face à des défis uniques en termes de GC, nécessitant un cadre de GC dédié. Notre étude vise à définir un cadre répondant à leurs défis tout en tirant parti de leurs forces inhérentes. Cette thèse présente un cadre de GC dédié et complet pour les PMEs, offrant des solutions dédiées pour l’ensemble des activités de GC, de l'acquisition et la représentation des connaissances à leur exploitation: (1) un processus d'acquisition de connaissances dédié basé sur le cadre Scrum, une méthodologie agile, (2) un modèle de représentation des connaissances dédié basé sur des graphes de connaissances semi-structurés, et (3) un processus d'exploitation des connaissances dédié basé sur le système de recommandation établi sur les liens entre les connaissances. Cette recherche a été menée en collaboration avec Axsens-bte, une PME spécialisée dans le conseil et la formation. Le partenariat avec Axsens-bte a fourni des retours précieux et des expériences pratiques, contribuant au développement du cadre de GC proposé et soulignant sa pertinence et son applicabilité dans des contextes réels de PME
Knowledge is vital for organizations, particularly in today’s Industry 4.0 context. Knowledge Management (KM) plays a critical role in an organization's success. Although KM has been relatively well-studied in large organizations, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) receive less attention. SMEs face unique challenges in KM, requiring a tailored KM framework. Our study aims to define a framework addressing their challenges while leveraging their inherent strengths. This thesis presents a dedicated and comprehensive SME KM framework, offering dedicated solutions from knowledge acquisition and representation to exploitation: (1) a dedicated knowledge acquisition process based on the Scrum framework, an agile methodology, (2) a dedicated knowledge representation model based on semi-structured KG, and (3) a dedicated knowledge exploitation process based on knowledge-relatedness RS. This research was conducted in collaboration with Axsens-bte, an SME specializing in consultancy and training. The partnership with Axsens-bte has provided invaluable insights and practical experiences, contributing to developing the proposed KM framework and highlighting its relevance and applicability in real-world SME contexts

Depuis quelques années, de nombreux travaux de recherche se sont portés sur le domaine de la gestion des risques pour les projets de construction. Les projets de construction font intervenir de nombreux acteurs dont les intérêts et les besoins doivent être pris en compte dans le système décisionnel afin d’assurer le succès du projet.Une RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure) est une représentation hiérarchisée des risques d’un projet. Elle est composée de catégories de risque qui explicitent les différents domaines pouvant être source de risque. Ce type de représentation présente de nombreux avantages, la rendant ainsi adaptée à la gestion des risques dans les projets de construction : elle offre une vision synthétique des risques, elle est compatible avec la nature dynamique et évolutive des risques et elle permet à chaque acteur du projet d’avoir sa propre vision des risques. Cependant les RBS présentent aussi des inconvénients : il n’existe pas de consensus sur la façon de les construire, la définition des catégories de risque est souvent floue et non partagée, enfin il n’y a pas de règles permettant de propager les évaluations (qualitatives ou quantitatives) dans les branches de la structure.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthodologie pour le développement de RBS sur mesure, c’est à dire adaptées à l'étape et au niveau de développement du projet et permettant d'offrir un point de vue adapté aux différents acteurs. Cela permet de poser les bases d’une approche dynamique, multi-échelle, multi-perspective dans laquelle chaque acteur, peut, dans chacune des phases, se concentrer sur certains risques par une décomposition adaptée de sa RBS. Cela permet d'identifier et de gérer les risques liés au projet de construction d'une façon plus formelle, plus efficace et plus systématique.En parallèle, des efforts ont porté sur le développement d'une méthode avancée pour l'analyse et la propagation des valeurs de risque par les RBS. Le but était de développer une approche cohérente afin d’obtenir des résultats réalistes sans souffrir des faiblesses habituelles des méthodes disponibles dans la littérature. La méthode combine les approches quantitatives et qualitatives, permettant ainsi à l'utilisateur de choisir, selon l'information disponible et la précision souhaitée le choix du type d'évaluation le plus adapté.Une attention particulière a été portée quant au développement de la base de connaissances, afin d'assurer la cohérence des données. La base de connaissance est composée de trois types d’objets principaux : les événements risqués, les catégories de risque et les arbres élémentaires. Elle a été alimentée par une analyse approfondie de la littérature. Cette base de connaissances est suffisamment générale pour couvrir tous les projets de construction et suffisamment précise pour être adaptée à un projet particulier. Elle fournit un langage commun avec lequel les risques liés au projet peuvent être décrits et discutés. Le processus de construction des RBS est basé sur une logique multicritère (degré de développement, satisfaction des utilisateurs, contraste des valeurs de risque) permettant de comparer les différentes RBS entre elles. La structure de la base de connaissance est conçue de façon à faciliter sa mise à jour et ses développements ultérieurs.MOTS-CLÉS: , , construction, méthodologie, bases de données
In recent years, intensive research and development have been done in the area of construction projects risk management. The construction projects involve numerous participants whose interests and demands need to be considered in the managerial decision-making to ensure the success of the project. Risk Breakdown Structure is a hierarchically organized depiction of the identified project risks arranged by risk categories and subcategories that identifies the various areas and causes of potential risks. This type of representation has many advantages and is a suitable tool especially for risk management of construction projects since: it offers a synthetic view on risks, each stakeholder can have his own view on the project and it is compatible with evolutionary and dynamic nature of project risks. However, RBS suffers several drawbacks such as lack of consensus on how to develop an RBS for a new project, lack of clarity and inconsistencies in definition of risk categories and lack of rules enabling transfer of qualitative/quantitative information of risks across the tree. In this PhD thesis, we propose a methodology for the development of tailor-made RBS's which are adapted to several constraints: being fitted to the stage and degree of development of the project, being able to offer different views for the different partners. This makes it possible to establish a dynamic, multi-scale and multi-perspective approach in which each partner, at each desired stage, can focus on selected specific risks and divide the RBS's up into a greater number of subcategories in specific fields. It allows to identify and manage the construction project risks in a more formal, efficient and systematic way. In parallel, efforts have been devoted to the development of an advanced method for analysis and propagation of risk values through RBS. The aim was to develop a more coherent approach in order to get more realistic results without suffering from the usual weaknesses of available methods in literature to calculate the risk value of categories in RBS. The method combines consistently the quantitative and qualitative approaches, allowing the user to choose the best one for risk assessment at any level based on the available information and required accuracy.Special care was taken in the development of the risk knowledge database in order to ensure the data's consistency. A database which has three interactive components of risk events, risk categories and micro trees, and have been developed based on a thorough analysis of literature. This knowledge base is general enough to cover all construction projects but at the same time, specific enough to be adapted to a given particular project. This database provides a common language within which the project risks can be described and discussed. The RBS rebuilding process is driven in such a way as to make it possible to compare different possible RBS's according to several criteria (degree of development, user satisfaction and highlighting the contrast of risk values). The database is constructed in such a way as to facilitate further developments and updating
در طي سال‌هاي اخير، تحقيقات گسترده‌اي در زمينه مديريت ريسک پروژه‌هاي ساخت و ساز و زيربنايي انجام گرفته است. غالبا اين نوع از پروژه‌ها در برگيرنده تعداد زيادي ذينفع (مالک، پيمانکاران، طراحان فني و معماري، سرمايه¬گذار، بيمه‌گر و ...) مي‌باشند که مدنظر قرار دادن منافع، اهداف و مطالبات آن¬ها در اتخاذ تصميم‌ها يکي از موارد لازم براي اطمينان از موفقيت پروژه مي‌باشد.ساختار درختي ريسک (Risk Breakdown Structure) که بازنمودي طبقه¬بندي شده از ريسک‌هاي پروژه ارائه مي‌نمايد، متشکل از گروه‌ها و زير¬گروه‌هاي سازمان يافته ريسک بوده و ابزاري بسيار موثر در شناسايي منابع و آثار محتمل ريسک‌ها مي‌باشد. اين نوع باز¬نمود ريسک‌ها داراي مزاياي فراواني مي‌باشد به خصوص در مديريت ريسک پروژه‌هاي عمراني و زيربنايي. بخشي از دلايل اين مدعا عبارتند از: توانايي RBS در تجزيه وتحليل ريسک‌هاي پروژه و اينکه با استفاده از RBS هريک از اعضاي ذينفع پروژه مي‌تواند ديدگاه خاص خود را نسبت به ريسک‌هاي پروژه داشته باشد که اين قضيه با ماهيت ديناميک و تکاملي پروژه‌ها به خوبي سازگار مي‌باشد. با اين¬حال، عليرغم قابليت‌هاي فوق العاده اين ابزار، RBS داراي چندين ضعف اساسي مي‌باشد از قبيل: عدم وجود راهنما، روش و اجماع در چگونگي طراحي RBS جديد براي يک پروژه جديد با ويژه¬گي‌هاي خاص خود، وجود تعاريف مبهم و بعضا متناقض ريسک‌ها و گروه‌هاي ريسک در RBS‌هاي موجود، عدم وجود روشي مشترک و موثر براي انتقال اطلاعات کمي و کيفي وقايع ريسک بر روي ساختار درختي RBS به منظور محاسبه مقادير ريسک هر گروه ريسک.در اين رساله دکتري، روشي نوين براي طراحي RBS‌هاي سازگار براي هر پروژه يا شرايط خاص ارائه مي‌گردد. اين RBS‌ها با مقطع زماني و ميزان پيشرفت پروژه و همچنين ديدگاه‌هاي متفاوت ذينفعان پروژه نسبت به ريسک‌ها سازگار مي‌باشند. اين روش متضمن اعمال مديريت ريسک پويا و ديناميک، چند مقياسي و چند بعدي در پروژه‌ها بوده و هر يک از اعضاي پروژه در هر مقطع زمانی خاص قادر خواهد بود بر ريسک‌هاي مورد نظر خود تمرکز نموده و براي کسب اطلاعات جامعتر، هر گروه ريسک در RBS را به تعداد بيشتري زير گروه تجزيه نمايد. چنين رويه‌اي ابزار و روش لازم براي شناسايي و مديريت سيستماتيک، موثرتر و رسمي‌تر ريسک‌هاي پروژه را فراهم مي‌نمايد.همزمان با توسعه روش مذکور براي طراحي RBS‌هاي سفارشي براي هر مورد خاص، تلاش ويژه¬اي براي ابداع روشي نوين به منظور کسب نتايج واقع¬بينانه¬تر در آناليز و توزيع مقادير ريسک بر روي شاخه¬هاي RBS اعمال گرديد. روش پيشنهادي، ترکيبي سازگار از رويکرد¬هاي کمي و کيفي ارائه نموده و کاربر قادر خواهد بود بر اساس ميزان اطلاعات موجود و دقت مورد نياز بهترين گزينه را انتخاب نمايد.براي اطمينان از سازگاري اطلاعات مورد استفاده در روش¬هاي فوق الذکر و ايجاد ادبياتي مشترک واستاندارد براي توصيف و بحث پيرامون ريسک¬هاي پروژه، دقت خاصي در توسعه ديتا¬بيس (بانک اطلاعات) ريسک اتخاذ گرديد. اين پايگاه¬داده که بر اساس مطالعه و تجزيه و تحليل دقيق متون موجود، استاندارها و گزارشات فني پيرامون مديريت ريسک پروژه¬هاي عمراني تهيه گرديده است متشکل از سه بخش اساسي پويا و توسعه پذير مي¬باشد: وقايع ريسک، گروه¬هاي ريسک و ميکرو درخت¬ها. در عين جامعيت اين ديتا¬بيس براي تحت پوشش قرار دادن انواع پروژه¬هاي عمراني، ساختار اطلاعات به گونه¬اي طراحي گرديده که توسعه آن براي تمرکز بر نوع خاصي از پروژه (تونل، سازه¬هاي موقت، ...) امکان¬پذير مي¬باشد.فرايند طراحي RBS‌هاي سفارشي با بازسازي تمامي RBS‌هاي ممکن از طريق ترکيب ميکرو درخت¬هاي موجود در ديتا¬بيس آغاز گرديده و سپس براي انتخاب بهترين درخت ريسک، تمامي گزينه¬هاي ممکن به واسطه معيار¬هاي کيفيت تعريف شده RBS (ميزان توسعه ساختار درخت ريسک، تناسب ساختار RBS با مطالبات و اهداف کاربر و کنتراست مقادير ريسک بر روي شاخه¬هاي RBS) مقايسه مي¬گردند.براي تسهيل کاربرد عملي روش¬هاي ارئه شده در پروژه¬هاي واقعي، نرم افزار خاصي بر اساس تمامي مفاهيم و الگوريتم¬هاي موجود در روش-هاي توسعه داده شده تهيه گرديده است. اين نرم افزار با واسط کاربر پسند، ابتدا تمامي RBS‌هاي ممکن را توليد نموده، مقادير ريسک گروه¬هاي ريسک را محاسبه کرده و به طور اتوماتيک براي هر RBS‌ پنج فاکتور کيفيت محاسبه مي¬نمايد. در گام دوم، تمامي RBS‌هاي ايجاد شده با استفاده از يکي از روش¬هاي تصميم¬گيري چند¬معياري رتبه¬بندي شده، کاربر قادر خواهد بود بهترين RBS‌ را انتخاب نمايد. نرم افزار قادر است به طور گرافيکي ساختار درختي تمامي RBS‌هاي طراحي شده را به همراه مقادير ريسک محاسبه شده و توزيع وقايع ريسک بر روي شاخه¬هاي RBS‌ نمايش دهد

Die Konferenz Entwerfen – Entwickeln – Erleben bietet ein besonderes Podium zum Austausch von Wissenschaftlern und Praxisvertretern aus den zentralen Bereichen der Produktentwicklung. Der vorliegende Band enthält Beiträge der EEE2014 unter anderem zu Industrie 4.0, Cyber-Phy­sical Systems und Virtual Reality in vielfältigen Anwendungsbereichen des Maschinenbaus, zu Innovationsmanagement, Konstruktionsmetho­dik und Product Lifecycle Management sowie zu Reverse Engineering und generativen Verfahren. Die Technischen Universität Dresden und technischesdesign.org ermög­lichten in Kooperation mit der Gruppe Virtuelle Produktentwicklung der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Produktentwicklung (WiGeP), dem Mathematisch-Physikalischen Salon der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden und der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden die fachüber­greifende Diskussion des Schwerpunkt-Themas inmitten der Dresdner Altstadt. In diesem Band sind die Beiträge zur Konstruktionstechnik und zur Virtuellen Produktentwicklung enthalten, ein weiterer Band (http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144950, herausgegeben von Mario Linke et al.) fasst die Bei­träge zum Technischen Design zusammen.:Beschreibungsmethode für die Repräsentation cyber-physischer Produktionssysteme Daniel Strang, Nadia Galaske und Reiner Anderl 13 Industrie 4.0 und der „Faktor“ Mensch: Psychologische Herausforderungen der vierten industriellen Revolution Bettina Schleidt 27 Modell Based Systems Engineering auf einer Plattform für PLM Martin Eigner 39 Enterprise Integration als Herausforderung und Ziel im Produktlebenszyklus Michael Spranger, David Hein und Alexander Hoffmann 57 Innovation Management: Erfolgreiche Innovationen durch Einbindung aller Mitarbeiter Ulf Köster 69 Zukunft der Wertschöpfung aus Sicht des Lebenszyklusmanagement Heinz-Simon Keil 75 bee® – eine Software zur Integration von VR im Planungs- und Montageprozess Oliver Schwarz und Olaf Zupke 93 Produktmodelle als Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Entwicklung von cyberphysischen Systemen Michael Pfenning, Christian Tschirner und Andreas Uhlig 103 Umsetzung einer eigenschaftsbasierten Simulationsplanung in einem PDM-System Johannes Kößler, Jochen Reitmeier und Kristin Paetzold 113 Risikoidentifizierung zur proaktiven Qualitätsabsicherung in der Virtuellen Produktentstehung Rainer Stark, Roland Jochem, Pascal Lünnemann und Johannes Schober 127 Integration von elektrischem Energiebedarf als Planungsgröße in der Produktionsfeinplanung Detlef Gerhard 141 Lebenszyklusorientiertes Konfigurationsmanagement – Neue Anforderungen an PLM Patrick Müller, Roland Drewinski und Helmut Auler 155 Product Lifecycle Management und Dienstleistungen: Methode und Werkzeug zur Unterstützung von Dienstleistungen innerhalb des PLM-Ansatzes Christian Zinke, Lars-Peter Meyer und Frieder Swoboda 167 Wartungsprozesse dynamisch unterstützen – ein Modell für die Zukunft? Thomas Burger 177 Advanced Virtual Reality and Visualization Support for Factory Layout Planning Sebastian Pick, Sascha Gebhardt, Kai Kreisköther, Rudolf Reinhard, Hanno Voet, Christian Büscher and Torsten Kuhlen 187 Durchgängige Lösung zur Unterstützung von Wartungsprozessen durch Augmented Reality mit Smart Devices Michael Abramovici und Matthias Neges 199 Nutzung von Virtual Reality als interaktive Testumgebung in der Produktentwicklung Eckhart Wittstock, Mario Lorenz, Franziska Pürzel und Volker Wittstock 213 Prototypen mit einer Mixed-Reality-Brille erleben – Vom Entwurf zur Simulation und Visualisierung Sebastian Voigt, Martin Großer, Marius Vopel und Günter Kunze 225 Effektive Anwendung optischer 3D-Messsysteme im Produktionsprozess von Gussteilprototypen sowie beim Reverse Engineering Andreas Knoch 239 Entwicklung eines Leitfadens zur methodischen Weiterentwicklung von Bauteilen anhand von Praxisbeispielen Andreas Meyer-Eschenbach und David Rudolz 251 Untersuchung generativ gefertigter medizinischer Prüfkörper durch das Streiflicht-Scanverfahren Fabian Klink und Kevin Kuhlmann 263 Vom Ideal- zum Realmodell: Bauteile mit Fertigungsabweichungen durch automatische FE-Netzadaption simulieren Sebastian Katona, Philipp Kestel, Michael Koch und Sandro Wartzack 275 3D-Digitalisierung und Datenaufbereitung zweier Monumentalplastiken mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren – ein Praxisbericht Christine Schöne 287 Interdisziplinäre Kooperation bei der Erstellung virtueller geschichtswissenschaftlicher 3D-Rekonstruktionen Sander Münster 299 Nutzung digitaler Werkzeuge für die Umsetzung eines künstlerischen Entwurfs Wolfgang Steger, Christine Schöne, Lisa Ewald und Ulrich Eißner 313 3D-Druck von metallischen Mikrobauteilen mittels Mikro Laser Sintern Joachim Göbner und Matthias Winderlich 325 Additive Manufacturing – Integration von Fertigung und Produktentwicklung Alexander Martha, Thivakar Manoharan und Peter Köhler 331 Bionische Radien als User Defined Feature Martin Wiesner und Sándor Vajna 345 Faser-Thermoplast-Verbund: Neue Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung von Leichtbauprodukten Maik Gude, Michael Krahl, Christian Garthaus und Michael Stegelmann 357 Grafikorientierte Darstellung verteilter Simulationsergebnisse und Entscheidungsprozesse Hans-Peter Prüfer 369 Integration der GPS in den methodischen Konstruktionsprozess nach VDI 2221 Erhard Leidich, Marko Ebermann und Sophie Gröger 383 Methodische Konstruktion eines Nachlauf Range Extenders zur Verbesserung der Reichweite von Elektrofahrzeugen Carsten Haugwitz, Kevin Kuhlmann, Jonas Crackau und Karl-Heinrich Grote 397 Methode zur kundenorientierten Validierung im Entwicklungsprozess innovativer Fahrzeugsysteme Albert Albers, Jürgen Becker, Matthias Behrendt, Oliver Sander und Fabian Schille 407 Webgestützte Konstruktionsmethodik im Einsatz: Eine erste Evaluation Marc Oellrich und Frank Mantwill 417 Ein Ansatz zur methodischen, CAD integrierten Toleranzsynthese Tim Katzwinkel, Jan Erik Heller und Jörg Feldhusen 433 Einsatz von Ontologien zur Vernetzung von Wissensdomänen in der nachhaltigen Produktentstehung am Beispiel des Sonderforschungsbereiches 1026 Rainer Stark, Wei Min Wang, Anne Pförtner und Haygazun Hayka 451 Untersuchungen von Toleranzketten im parametrischen 3D-CADSystem Stephan Husung, Axel Oberänder, Annika Geis und Christian Weber 465 3D-Aufstellpläne für komplexe Industrieanlagen Robert Bonca 477 Approximation der Wirklichkeit – Hairy root Wachstumssimulation mit 3D-Visualisierung Felix Lenk, Patrick Oberthür und Thomas Bley 485 CAD im Kontext der Industrie 4.0 Thomas Hagenreiner, Peter Köhler und Thivakar Manoharan 497 Computergestützte Wissenserhebung und visuelle Modellierung von Konfigurationsregeln für komplexe Produkte Marius Brade, Robert Bonca und Rainer Groh 509 Gestaltung und Konstruktion historischer Leuchten Peter Schulze, Hartmut Stabler, Annette Jacob und Thomas Hinz 517 Innovative Applikationen für zellulare metallische Werkstoffe für Biosensorik und Biokatalyse Anett Werner, Ralf Hauser und Thomas Bley 527 Klassifikation und Handhabung von Unsicherheiten zur entwicklungsbegleitenden Erfassung des Produktreifegrades Thomas Luft und Sandro Wartzack 535 Produkt- und Prozessdatenmodellierung im Kontext der Blechmassivumformung Thilo Breitsprecher, Andreas Meinel, Martin Thummet und Sandro Wartzack 551 Leichtbaugussteile mittels Niederdruck-Vollformgießverfahren Malchasi Aitsuradze, Jürgen Bast und Bertram Hentschel 565 Blechdickenreduktion an einem PKW-Mittelschalldämpfer mit Hilfe innovativer Optimierungsmethoden Alexander Krauß, Christoph Schleicher und Uwe Fischer 577 Mit innovativer Technologie und optimaler Auslegung zum effizienten Gesamtprozess – Integrative Produkt- und Prozessoptimierung beim Thermoformen Marcus Stein, Sascha Bach, Ronald Claus und Jens-Peter Majschak 589 Überlegungen zur digitalen Verknüpfung von Normen und standardisierten Algorithmen zu Berechnungsbaugruppen Denis Polyakov und Willi Gründer 605 Auswahl anwendungsoptimaler Antriebssysteme als Basis für die Komposition von Antriebsbaukästen Alexander Klause und Detmar Zimmer 619 Neue Konzepte zur Erstellung komplexer Konfigurationen Michael Wegner, Georg Freitag und Markus Wacker 637 Parametrische und interkonnektive Synthesemethoden zur effizienten Entwicklung neuer Mechanismen Maik Berger, Stefan Heinrich und Andreas Heine 649 Generative Fertigung – Handlungsbedarfe und entscheidungsgestützte Prüfung auf RPT-gerechte Konstruktion Alexander Arndt und Reiner Anderl 667 Sah!-Methode zur Verbesserung der Zusammenarbeit mittels der Identifikation interdisziplinärer Netzwerke Mathias Tralau, Fernando Kabisch und Frank Mantwill 681 Speed Design – Konstruieren mit Köpfchen Frank Mantwill 697 Systematische Entwicklung von Lösungskonzepten für spezifische Problemstellungen im Montageanlagenbau Dieter Fischer, Andreas Schulz, Andreas Richter und Carsten Keller 703 Über die gestalterische Phase des Konstruktionsprozesses unter dem Gesichtspunkt der objektorientierten Informatik Peter Sigalov 715 Untersuchungen der Form- und Maßabweichungen von generativ gefertigten dünnwandigen Hohlzylindern Kevin Kuhlmann, Fabian Klink, Tobias Stefaniak, Patrick Hebner und Karl-H. Grote 725 Validierung kundenorientierter funktionaler Anforderungen unter Berücksichtigung abweichungsbehafteter Geometrien und systembedingter Variationen Matthias Ehlert, Andreas Stockinger und Sandro Wartzack 743 Die Bedeutung von Prototypen für den Lernerfolg von interdisziplinären studentischen Produktentwicklungsprojekten Katharina Albrecht, Paul Gerber, Ingmar Langer, Julian Sarnes, Susanne Sprenger und André Stocker 756

Die Konferenz Entwerfen – Entwickeln – Erleben bietet ein besonderes Podium zum Austausch von Wissenschaftlern und Praxisvertretern aus den zentralen Bereichen der Produktentwicklung. Der vorliegende Band enthält Beiträge der EEE2016 unter anderem zu Industrie 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems und Virtual Reality in vielfältigen Anwendungsbereichen des Maschinenbaus, zu Innovationsmanagement, Konstruktionsmethodik und Product Lifecycle Management sowie zu Reverse Engineering und generativen Verfahren. Die Technische Universität Dresden und technischesdesign.org ermöglichten in Kooperation mit der Gruppe Virtuelle Produktentwicklung der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Produktentwicklung (WiGeP) und dem Rat für Formgebung die fachübergreifende Diskussion des Schwerpunkt- Themas inmitten der interdisziplinären Dresdner Wissenschaftslandschaft. In diesem Band sind die Beiträge zur Konstruktionstechnik und zur Virtuellen Produktentwicklung enthalten, ein weiterer Band (ISBN 978-3-95908-061-3, herausgegeben von Jens Krzywinski et al.) fasst die Beiträge zum Industrial Design zusammen.:Big Data Analytics für die Produktentwicklung Alfred Katzenbach · Holger Frielingsdorf 15 Das Industrial Internet – Engineering Prozesse und IT-Lösungen Martin Eigner 25 Nutzbarmachung des Potentials naturfaserbasierter Werkstoffe als Leichtbau- bzw. Konstruktionsmaterial Timo Kuntzsch · Frank Miletzky 39 Erarbeitung eines Beziehungssystems zur Entwicklung eigenschaftsoptimierter Karosseriekonzepte in Mischbauweise Jan Hasenpusch · Andreas Hillebrand · Thomas Vietor 51 Faserverbundleichtbau in der Großserie: Chancen und Herausforderungen für den Produktentwickler Olaf Helms 63 Gestaltung eines alltagstauglichen Hocheffizienz-Konzeptfahrzeugs Richard Eiletz · Enno Block · Christoph Warkotsch · Klaus Post 73 Entwicklung kompakter, gepulster Elektro-Dipolmagnete für die laserbasierte Protonentherapie Michael Schürer · Thomas Herrmannsdörfer · Leonhard Karsch · Florian Kroll · Umar Masood · Jörg Pawelke 91 Der Panzer des Helmwasserflohs: Erfolgreiches adaptives Design in der Natur Hans-Peter Prüfer 97 Anforderungen des Nicht-Elektrischen Explosionsschutzes im Produktentwicklungsprozess Sabrina Herbst · Frank Engelmann · Karl-Heinrich Grote 113 Begleitung des Entwicklungsprozesses durch einen Generalisten und der „Faktor Mensch“ als Erfolgspotential Michael Bader · Harald Lang 127 Agile PLM Strategy Development – Methods and Success Factors Dietmar Trippner · Karsten Theis 143 Quo vadis „Additive Manufacturing“ Heinz Simon Keil 161 ProVIL – Produktentwicklung im virtuellen Ideenlabor Albert Albers · Nikola Bursac · Benjamin Walter · Carsten Hahn · Jan Schröder 185 Organisatorische Unterstützung der Produktentwicklung mit SysMLModellen Johannes Kößler · Kristin Paetzold 199 Personal Resource Management (PRM) in der modernen Produktentwicklung Bettina Schleidt 213 SkiPo – Ein skizzen- und portbasiertes Modell für die Entwicklung von mechanischen Systemen Martin Grundel · Jutta Abulawi 223 Benutzer- und aufgabenorientiertes virtuelles Modell für die Produktentwicklung Christian Weber · Heidi Krömker · Stephan Husung · Stephan Hörold · Atif Mahboob · Andreas Liebal 239 Konzept zur internationalen Einführung vernetzter Virtual Obeya-Räume zur standortverteilten Produktentwicklung Michael Abramovici · Stefan Adwernat · Matthias Neges 253 Innovation in der Orthopädie- und Rehatechnik, 3D-Digitalisierung und CAD/CAM-Nutzung Thomas Mitzenheim · Christoph Knoch-Weber 265 Nutzerintegration bei der Produktentwicklung am Beispiel der Medizintechnik Axel Boese · Michael Friebe · Christoph Arens · Fabian Klink · Karl-H. Grote 283 NC-gestützte Fertigung von Bohrschablonen für die dentale Implantation Daniel Ellmann · Andreas Klar · Philipp Sembdner · Stefan Holtzhausen · Christine Schöne · Ralph Stelzer 293 Optimierung der Schaftkomponente von Kurzschaftendoprothesen mittels Finite-Elemente-Analyse Claudia Kleinschrodt · Hans-Georg Simank · Bettina Alber-Laukant · Frank Rieg 303 Wissensbasierter Aufbau konstruktions-begleitender Finite-Elemente-Analysen durch ein FEA-Assistenzsystem Philipp Kestel · Sandro Wartzack 315 Fertigungsrestriktionsmodell zur Unterstützung des algorithmisierten PEP fertigungsgerechter Blechprodukte Katharina Albrecht · Thiago Weber Martins · Reiner Anderl 331 Prozessgebundene Berechnungs-Baugruppen: Ein Ansatz zur Lösung komplexer Entscheidungs- und Berechnungsabläufe Denis Polyakov · Willi Gründer 345 Elektronenstrahlschmelzen – ein pulverbettbasiertes additives Fertigungsverfahren Burghardt Klöden · Alexander Kirchner · Thomas Weißgärber · Bernd Kieback · Michael Süß · Christine Schöne · Ralph Stelzer 359 Produktarchitekturgestaltung unter Berücksichtigung additiver Fertigungsverfahren Timo Richter · Hagen Watschke · David Inkermann · Thomas Vietor 375 Additive Fertigung von Metallen – Einsatz des LaserCUSING®s im Bereich Automotive Lisa Pastuschka · Peter Appel 393 Methoden zur Absicherung simulationsgerechter Produktmodelle René Andrae · Peter Köhler 403 Ein Doppelschneckenextruder zur Materialdosierung in einem Rapid Prototyping-Prozess Tobias Flath · Jörg Neunzehn · Michael C. Hacker · Hans-Peter Wiesmann · Michaela Schulz-Siegmund · Fritz Peter Schulze 419 Kosteneffiziente Technologien zur geometrischen Datenaufnahme im digitalen Reverse Engineering Tim Katzwinkel · Bhavinbhai Patel · Alexander Schmid · Walter Schmidt · Justus Siebrecht · Manuel Löwer · Jörg Feldhusen 429 3-D-Oberflächenerfassung- und 3-D-Druck-Potentiale für gerichtsverwertbare kriminaltechnische Untersuchungen Rainer Schubert · Marcus Mittasch 451 Das FEA-Assistenzsystem – Analyseteil FEdelM Tobias C. Spruegel · Sandro Wartzack 463 Entwicklung eines Doppelkolbenmotors – Konzept, Simulation und Prüfstandversuche Pascal Diwisch · Daniel Billenstein · Frank Rieg · Bettina Alber-Laukant 475 Interaktive Initialisierung eines Echtzeit 3D-Trackings für Augmented Reality auf Smart Devices mit Tiefensensoren Matthias Neges · Jan Luca Siewert 487 Virtuelle und experimentelle Methoden bei der Produktentwicklung einer Handhabungseinheit zur automatisierten Ablage technischer Textilien Marvin Richrath · Jan Franke · Jan-Hendrik Ohlendorf · Klaus-Dieter Thoben 503 Optimierung von Druckbehältern unterschiedlicher Geometrien und Werkstoffe Thomas Guthmann · Frank Engelmann 515 Customized Fabrication – Mass Customizing mit 3D-Druck Frank Lamack 527 Virtual Reality und Augmented Reality als Werkzeug in der Aufstellplanung Jens Mögel 537 XENOKAT – Biofilter für Xenobiotika in der Ressource Wasser Anett Werner · Ralf Hauser · Thomas Bley 549 Konzept für ein VR-System zur intuitiven Modellierung durch natürliche Interaktion Marius Fechter · Sandro Wartzack 561 Ansätze zur Betriebsdauerverlängerung von Suzlon Windkraftanlagen Jan Brökel 571 Augmented Reality Assistenzsystem mit graphenbasierter Zustandsanalyse für Produkte im Internet der Dinge Matthias Neges · Mario Wolf · Michael Abramovici 581 Datenqualität in Rapid Prototyping Prozessen Carsten Haugwitz 597 Erlebbarkeit von Anlagenkomponenten im Kontext Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme in virtuellen Umgebungen Andreas Geiger · Ingolf Rehfeld · Uwe Rothenburg · Rainer Stark 609 Management von Produktinformationen aus Entwicklungs- und Betriebsphase Stephan Günter Arndt · Bernhard Saske · Ralph Stelzer 623

Die Konferenz »Entwerfen – Entwickeln – Erleben« führte am 14. und 15. Juni 2012 das 10. Gemeinsame Kolloquium Konstruktionstechnik und das 5. Symposium Technisches Design zusammen. In Kooperation mit dem Kunstgewerbemuseum der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden war es möglich, die fachübergreifende Diskussion industrieller Herausforderungen sowie aktueller Trends und Innovationen der Forschung in einem einzigartigen kulturellem Umfeld – dem Dresdner Residenzschloss – zu führen. Im Mittelpunkt der zweitägigen Konferenz stand der Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen Experten aus Industrie und Wissenschaft über neue Werkzeuge und Methoden, mit denen den aktuellen Herausforderungen von Globalisierung, Nachhaltigkeit und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen bei der Entwicklung immer komplexerer Produkte entsprochen werden kann. In diesem Band sind die Textfassungen der Fachvorträge zu den thematischen Schwerpunkten Virtuelle Produktentwicklung (CAD-Einsatzszenarien, Virtual Reality und Product Lifecycle Management), Konstruktion (Konstruktionstechnik und -methodik, Reverse Engineering und Maschinenelemente) enthalten. Ein separater Band, herausgegeben von Linke et al. (ISBN 978-3-942710-75-6) enthält die Beiträge zum Technischen Design (Industriedesign, Transportation Design und Produkterleben).:Inhalt Vorwort 15 Heinz-Simon Keil Ganzheitlicher »Produkt-Entwicklungs-Prozess« beeinflusst nachhaltig das schlanke »Life-Cycle-Management« – From Lean to Digital Approach 29 Alfred Katzenbach & Peyman Merat Methodik zum Austausch eines CAD Systems in einem Großunternehmen 37 Martin Eigner, Torsten Gilz & Radoslav Zafirov Interdisziplinäre Produktentwicklung 55 Bodo Machner Neue Produkte, neue Märkte, effizientere Prozesse – Herausforderungen an das Produktdatenmanagement 71 Ernst-Eckart Schulze, Lars Wolter, Haygazun Hayka & Martin Röhlig Intuitive Interaktion mit Strukturdaten aus einem PLM-System 89 Michael Wegner, Georg Freitag & Markus Wacker GENIAC – Konfigurieren komplexer Produktsimulationen mit Hilfe von natürlichen Benutzeroberflächen 103 Michael Abramovici & Jens Christian Göbel Systematisierung und Evaluation von Gestaltungsalternativen für die Harmonisierung firmenspezifischer PLM-Umgebungen 123 Christiane Kamusella Digitale Ergonomie-Tools zur Berücksichtigung ergonomischer Aspekte imProduktentstehungsprozess 145 Ingolf Rehfeld & Jan Wunderlich Virtual Reality und Product Lifecycle Management – Entwicklung eines durchgängigen Prozesses für die BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH 153 Ralph Stelzer, Wolfgang Steger & Dirk Petermann Virtual Reality als zentrale Komponente einer PLM-Strategie – Herausforderungen und Umsetzungskonzepte 177 Michael Muschiol & Stefan Schulte Globale Collaboration im Kontext mit PLM 195 Andreas Seibold, Ralph Stelzer & Bernhard Saske Virtual Reality bei Kärcher 207 Uwe Freiherr von Lukas Visual Computing als Basis für Prozessinnovation im Produktlebenszyklus 225 Detlef Gerhard & Touba Rahmani PDM based Lifecycle Analysis – A Case Study 237 Wolfgang Holle, Stephan Husung & Christian Weber CAD-Produktmodell – Quelle der Produktbewertung nach Zeit und Kosten 251 Markus Färber, Johannes Ghiletiuc, Peter Schwarz & Beat Brüderlin Echtzeit-Visualisierung von sehr großen Virtual- und Augmented-Reality-Szenen auf Smartphones und mobilen Tablet-Computern 267 Hans-Peter Prüfer Quo vadis, FEM? 281 Petra Hoske, Günter Kunze, Kai Bürkle, Martin Schmauder, Mark Brütting & Christian Böser Interaktiver Simulator für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen – Virtuelle Prototypen im Einsatzkontext erleben 303 Ingo Jonuschies & Klaus Brökel Ansatz für die Modellierung und Simulation von Hybridgleitlagern für Wellen mit großen Durchmessern und geringen Drehzahlen am Beispiel einerWindkraftanlage 315 Christoph Wehmann, Florian Nützel & Frank Rieg Auslegung von Dehnschrauben bei plastischem Materialverhalten unter Einsatz der Finite-Elemente-Analyse 333 Denis Polyakov & Willi Gründer Design Process Management 351 Christine Schöne & Ralph Stelzer Reverse Engineering in der Produktentwicklung – Aktuelle Herausforderungen 365 Jörg Szyszka, Dietmar Süße & Christine Schöne CAE Methoden in der Einarbeitungsphase der Blechumformung 377 Petra Aswendt Mikrospiegel basierte 3D Scannersysteme für Reverse Engineering Lösungen in einem weiten Skalenbereich 385 Gunter Sanow, Oliver Erne & Hagen Berger Optische 3D-Messtechnik zur Schwingungsanalyse an Windkraftanlagen 395 Jürgen Gausemeier, Christian Tschirner, Roman Dumitrescu & Tobias Gaukstern Integrative Konzipierung von Produkt und Produktionssystem als Basis für eine erfolgreiche Produktentstehung 413 Bernd Neutschel, Matthias G. Raith & Sándor Vajna Moderne Produktentwicklungsprozesse als Grundlage für universitäre Gründerförderung 425 Sebastian Schubert, Jan Erik Heller & Jörg Feldhusen Produktmerkmale in der Entwicklung von kundenindividuellen Produkten 441 Rolf Klamann Mobility 2.0 — Driving assistance simulation for Zero accidents and Electromobility 447 Janna Hahn, Michael Hazelaar & Karl-Heinrich Grote Unterstützung der eigenschaftsbasierten Fahrzeugkonzeption in der frühen Konzeptphase 459 Sven Kleiner & Christoph Kramer Entwerfen und Entwickeln mit Systems Engineering auf Basis des RFLP-Ansatzes in V6 475 Fabian Klink, Rocco Gasteiger, Harald Paukisch & Ulrich Vorwerk Workflow zur generativen Herstellung von Felsenbeinfaksimilemodellen für die Optimierung von Cochlea-Implantat Operationen 483 Daniel Krüger & Sandro Wartzack Ein Werkzeug zur schnellen Konfiguration biomechanischer Simulationen in der Produktentwicklung 501 Ines Barz & Frank Engelmann Cutane Mikrogewebspartikel – Lösungsansätze für eine neue Technologie zur Behandlung Schwerbrandverletzter 513 Tibor Bercsey & György Gyurecz Surface Shape Correction by Highlight Lines 527 Jana Hadler & Klaus Brökel Analyse des monetären und qualitativen Nutzens schwimmender Energiekonverter 537 Benedikt Posner, Alexander Keller, Hansgeorg Binz & Daniel Roth Anforderungen an eine Methode zum leichtbaugerechten Konstruieren 549 Bettina Alber-Laukant, Markus Zimmermann, Florian Nützel, Michael Frisch & Frank Rieg Anforderungen an die grafische Oberfläche eines FE-Systems aus Sicht des Ingenieurs 565 Jan Erik Heller, Judith Pollmanns & Jörg Feldhusen Bestimmung des Produktentwicklungsaufwands basierend auf Kennzahlen am Beispiel der Luftfahrzeugentwicklung 581 Emanuel Richter, Axel Spickenheuer & Gert Heinrich Entwicklungs- und Designmethoden für hochintegrale Leichtbauteile aus Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundmaterial 591 Alexander Martha, Uwe Klemme & Peter Köhler Interdisziplinäre Prototypenentwicklung am Beispiel eines Seilroboters 609 Vilhelm Hadzhiyski & Zviatko Atanasov Investigation of stressed state of elastic element of elastic clutch from three ply reinforced polymer material 619 Ralph Stelzer, Erik Steindecker & Bernhard Saske Kombinierter Einsatz von Augmented Reality in virtuellen Umgebungen 643 Alexander Krauß & Uwe Fischer Konstruktionsintegrierte Optimierung mit intelligenten Bauteilfeatures im Dünnblechbereich 655 Carsten Böhme, Clemens Lieberwirth & Klaus Brökel Konzept zum Parameteraustausch zwischen unterschiedlichen CAD/CAE-Plattformen 665 Victor Gomes, Durval J. De Barba Jr., Jefferson de Oliveira Gomes, & Karl-Heinrich Grote LCA to support decision-making in layout designs 677 Thomas Hohnen, Ino Schliefer, Claudia Gneist & Jörg Feldhusen Methode zur kennwertgestützten Modularisierung – Retrospektive Untersuchung der Produktmodularität 691 Nikoletta Szélig, Sándor Vajna & Michael Schabacker Modellierungsmethoden für die Prozessplanung 709 Marcel Böttrich, Matthias Sieber & Ralph Stelzer Numerische Methode zur Bestimmung der Fahrwerkskonfiguration aus Baukastenkomponenten 725 Kevin Kuhlmann, Fabian Klink & Carsten Haugwitz Optische Vermessung mit Streifenlichtscannern – aus Industrie und Forschung nicht mehr wegzudenken 739 Ute Dietrich, Marc Glauche & Jörg P. Müller Produktstrukturbeeinflussende Gestaltungskriterien am Beispiel von Offshore-Windkraftanlagen 755 Peter Köhler & Marcin Humpa Geometrische Umsetzung von Designabsichten bei der Produktmodellierung 771 Jan Brökel Risikoabwägung im Rahmen einer Windkraftanlagenentwicklung 781 Reimund Neugebauer, Volker Wittstock, René Heinig, Tino Riedel & Eckhart Wittstock VR-basierte Serviceanwendungen als Produkt im Werkzeugmaschinenbau 791 Christoph Kneschke & Martin Schmauder Grundlagen zur methodischen Beurteilung der montagegerechten Produktgestaltung anhand virtueller Werkzeuge

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2005.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 30, 2005) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Li lin. Includes bibliographical references.

Variable remuneration is an integral part of the management process, utilised to motivate participants to achieve business objectives. Many employers are actively seeking ways of increasing the value of variable remuneration in the employment process for the perceived benefits it would have for the business and participants. Over the past decade variable remuneration has become a significant component of the employment offer that contributes to the attraction and retention of highly sought-after employees. It has grown in importance, but simultaneously has also become a major employment cost. In the absence of a validated generic methodology, the variable remuneration methodologies applied by employers are intuitive and most often lack any scientific basis. The purpose of the study was to design and validate a variable remuneration methodology that will allow managers, or scheme designers, to develop variable remuneration schemes that will be able to deliver outcomes that would be attributable to the variable remuneration scheme and not to factors outside the control of the scheme participants or within the greater organisational context. Based on a literature survey covering three bodies of knowledge; motivational theory, variable remuneration concepts, and the variable remuneration life cycle, propositions regarding variable remuneration were formulated. These propositions were converted into 99 items making up a questionnaire dealing with variable remuneration constructs. The questionnaire was applied to thirty different types of variable remuneration schemes in a bank assurance group. Six hundred and thirty two scheme participants completed the questionnaire that assessed the thirty schemes. Independently from the scheme assessments, scheme owners and/or designers evaluated scheme outcomes. First and second order factor analyses were performed on the variable remuneration scheme questionnaire that produced three adequately determined factors. The factors had highly acceptable internal reliabilities. These factors were: Congruency, Instrumentality and Performing. The respective relationships between the Independent Variables: Congruency, Instrumentality and Performing, the Moderator Variables: Scheme Type and Job Level and the Independent Variable: Scheme Outcome, were investigated by means of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) as well as Multiple Regression Analysis. An empirically determined generic variable remuneration methodology was arrived at, consisting of three constructs and eleven dimensions, which explained 34,5% of the variance of variable remuneration scheme outcomes and is depicted in the figure below.
Prof. Theo Veldsman Prof. Gert Roodt