Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrial ecology – Economic aspects'
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Wasserman, Shanna E. "Sustainable economic development : the case of implementing industrial ecology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42824.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117).
Industrial ecology (IE) is an emerging paradigm for environmental control. IE offers a framework for altering industrial activities so that they more closely reflect a closed loop cycle, rather than a linear flow of extraction and disposal. Implementation of IE is occurring through the eco-industrial park (EIP) model. An EIP is a group of businesses that are implementing IE principles, through cooperation between one another and/or other organizations. This Thesis examines the current practice of implementing IE through the EIP model. The research methodology includes assessing the Kalundborg, Denmark EIP example, surveying North American EIPs, and studying a case of implementing an EIP in Londonderry, NH. Findings from the research indicate that there is currently a taxonomy of IE practices being implemented through the EIP model. The taxonomy includes practice in land stewardship, green building design, individual firm environmental practices, and byproduct exchange. Each of the four areas of practice have characteristics with implications for how implementation should occur through an EIP. EIP planners and developers should craft implementation strategies in accordance with their IE objectives. Additionally, the management entity of an EIP should have the capacity to implement all IE objects. Finally, a community education process on IE is necessary during the implementation of an EIP.
by Shanna E. Wasserman.
M.C.P.
Bey, Christoph. "Sustainable production, allocation and consumption : creating steady-state economic structures in industrial ecology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27888.
Full textLopes, Miguel Ângelo de Freitas. "Industrial symbiosis potential of the Sines oil refinery – environmental and economic evaluation." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11189.
Full textIndustrial symbiosis is an application of industrial ecology that consists of a collaborative approach between different industries and firms aimed at improving their environmental and economic performance involving the exchange of waste/byproducts as substitutes for raw materials. This collaboration is conditioned by the geographic proximity between industries and may face some information, economic, regulatory or motivational barriers. The main objective of this thesis was to develop a methodology to find and evaluate new potential exchanges in light of industrial symbiosis and to apply it to Sines oil refinery case study. The methodology was divided into four phases. The first phase is where, through the analysis of similar case studies, the potential new exchanges are uncovered.The second was made based on a literature review on the main barriers to industrial symbiosis development. This phase was developed to swiftly filter potential synergies that would face barriers to its development. The other two phases were only applied to the potential synergies that successfully passed the “filter”. Those phases consisted of an environmental evaluation through a LCA and a financial analysis. The application of the methodology showed two new potential synergetic possibilities for the Sines oil refinery. The results of the evaluation of those potential synergies were very promising both environmentally and financially. This research thus demonstrates the potential and benefits associated with the development of industrial symbiosis networks if the barriers to this development can be successfully surpassed.
Pornprasitpol, Pornwan Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Selective disassembly for re-use of industrial products." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24274.
Full textPoitevin, Michel. "Three essays on the strategic interaction between production and financial decisions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29164.
Full textArts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
Crowther, Kevin D. "Economic factors influencing industrial landowner assistance programs on private forest land in the south." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42416.
Full textWilgenbusch, Brian. "Developing an information management system for an environmental and economic monitoring system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17331.
Full textHo, Minh Trang Thi Chemical Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566.
Full textPeak, Geoffrey Colin. "Product innovation and differentiation, intra-industry trade and growth : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php357.pdf.
Full textPetersen, Emelda. "A theoretical framework for the labour relations between the farmer and farm workers during industrial strike actions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2671.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to analyse the labour relations of the workers in the agricultural sector, with reference to the De Doors area in the Western Cape. Despite the political, social and economic changes to better the lives of the farm workers that have been implemented to rectify the inequalities of the past, the labour conditions on farms stayed unchanged. It is evident that there is a gap in the labour relations in the agricultural sector, due to the 2012/13 strike actions that took place. Qualitative research methodology was employed in the study; it provided the researcher with the opportunity to personally interact with the farm workers. It further allowed the researcher to gain a holistic understanding of the daily lives of the farm workers which would foster a better understanding of their daily struggles. Interviews were used as method of data collection. This methodology also enables the researcher to interpret and describe the actions of participants. Good labour relations play a vital role in any industry or organisation. Farm workers are generally classified as vulnerable and the most exploited group of the South African society. They often work irregular hours throughout the year in various weather settings. Regardless of the physical strain that their jobs entail, farm workers earn a low wage and are often deprived of the basic benefits that an employee should be entitled to. This was the reason the farm workers embarked on a strike in 2012/13. The researcher proposed recommendations to the Agricultural department on how to improve the labour relations on the farms in the De Doorns area by suggesting that more labour inspectors are being employed to oversee that legislation are implemented. Skills Development needs to be become compulsory for all farm workers as farming is becoming more technological. Skills Development unlocks talents and creative energy for the farm workers which have a positive impact on production.
Wearaduwa, Vidana Kankanamge Thilani Kaushalya. "Economic Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Investments at Agricultural Cooperatives." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28861.
Full textNorth Dakota State University. Department of College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources
Lam, Wai-ching, and 林惠展. "The level of economic development in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195358X.
Full textJordan, Matthew. "Procuring industrial pollution control : the South Australian case, 1836-1975." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj816.pdf.
Full textUkidwe, Nandan Uday. "Thermodynamic input-output analysis of economic and ecological systems for sustainable engineering." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117555725.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 306 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-306). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Yu, Kam-yan, and 余錦茵. "The influence of Confucianism on Chinese and Japanese businesssociety." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2774713X.
Full textLi, Chao-Shiang. "Industrial heritage production in Taiwan : a creative economy approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7905/.
Full textIsmail, Faizel. "An industrial strategy for the South African footwear subsector." Industrial Strategy Project, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66033.
Full textVickers, John. "Patent races and market structure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e3df3d2-b58a-48cc-b639-78c7c48bd3cd.
Full textGoddard, John Gabriel. "Microeconomic foundations of knowledge-driven growth : modelling the dynamic allocation of R&D resources." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:775f8ca2-6042-499f-926b-cdcca1acad24.
Full textNgomba, Peter Njoh. "The developmental impact of public investment in education, science and technology in Cameroon, 1960-1980 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75784.
Full textOur results suggest that, given existing patterns of education, science and technology in Cameroon, the contribution of public investment in this sector may be small compared to the potential contribution suggested in the literature. The implications of these results are examined for policy-making and planning at the national level.
Bavuma, Zimkitha. "The economic contribution of the Design Indaba : a case study of the International Buyers’ Programme." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2739.
Full textEvents are happenings that embody certain objectives; business events, sport events and festivals comprise the three general types of events that attract most attention. Design Indaba (DI) is one of the world’s leading design and business events launched in 1995 as a conference, but incorporating an Expo from 2004. The DI Expo triggered a need for buyer and exhibitor interaction and led to the launch of the DI Buyers’ Day, a programme aimed at bringing buyers and exhibitors together on a day set aside for buyers to view the products and services offered at the Expo before the general public. This study seeks to identify the economic contribution of the DI Buyers’ Day Programme to the event, to buyers, exhibitors and to Cape Town as a tourism destination. The study profiles the exhibitors and buyers before focusing on buyers’ spending patterns at the Expo and in Cape Town, their level of awareness and involvement in the event, their satisfaction with and perceptions of the event. Buyers were surveyed post event via electronic mail, while exhibitors were surveyed at the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC) during the Expo dates of 28 February 2014 to 2 March 2014. Key Informant interviews were conducted with the event organiser and one of the event stakeholders (Department of the Premier, Western Cape Provincial Government) in order to gain insights from relevant parties prior to the event. The study adopted a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative research (to get an in-depth set of opinions from buyers and exhibitors), with quantitative research concentrating on a stratified sample of the participants. The latter data collected from buyers and exhibitors was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software – Version 22.0, which enabled the data to be tabulated and graphically represented. The qualitative data was analysed using the constant comparative method. The research shows that both exhibitors and buyers regard the programme as a significant platform to build their brands and access business opportunities. However, emerging creatives and entrepreneurs feel that they need additional pre-event assistance/training to be able to maximise the opportunity to make connections with buyers who view their products/services. The event organisers also mentioned that if more governmental departments could be involved, more funding would be available to deal with key questions in terms of creating new markets, growing exports and creating jobs. Overall, the DI Buyers’ programme is one of the biggest trade shows in South Africa, attracting the largest number of buyers. More international buyers should be invited to the event, and design facet categories created so that they can be paired with the appropriate exhibitor. A single day for the DI Programme is also too short: an additional day should be added or a pre-event and post-event networking session should be created solely for exhibitors and buyers.
Ho, Wai-cheong, and 何偉昌. "Business and information technology alignment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268833.
Full textCarpentier, Line Chantal. "Agriculture and the environment : an economic-ecologic input-output model of the Canadian economy." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55482.
Full textTwo different scenarios were analyzed. In the first, the impact on both the economy and the environment from changes in the final demand for agricultural and food commodities was simulated. Each commodity's final demand was increased by $1 million and its impact compared to the other simulated results. The ten commodities studied yielded similar economic impacts, while their environmental impacts differed considerably. Changes in the demand for wheat and oilseeds had the largest environmental impacts.
In the second scenario, the effects of a $1 million increase in each final demand category were compared. This scenario focussed on markets rather than products. The construction, exports and personal expenditures categories were the greatest generator of wastes and the largest user of free resources. The exports category yielded twice as much erosion than personal expenditures and twenty times more than the next highest value (construction).
Ishaque, Mohammed. "A new method for calculating the economic benefits of varying degrees of power factor correction for industrial plant loads." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4322.
Full textShen, Hung-Wen. "The "small-firm" problem on standard and penalty setting with incomplete enforcement." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33613.
Full textLam, Chi-kei Jacqueline, and 林哲奇. "Ecological modernization and environmental innovation: a case study of public transport industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557145.
Full textWalsh, Lauren Arlene. "Investigating the effectiveness of environmental sustainability initiatives at General Motors South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020996.
Full text余嘉偉 and Ka-wai Marco Yu. "A contractual theory of the firm: a construction project case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227041.
Full textOh, Young-Ho. "The impact of technological change on economic growth in the manufacturing sector of Korea." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063424/.
Full textMullings, Beverley. "Industrial development in an era of structural adjustment : the growth of export informatic services in Jamaica." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42104.
Full textMberengo, Sarah. "The relationship between socio-economic status and the practice of HIV self-protective/preventive behaviours among the residents of Maruapula, Gaborone." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79948.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Botswana is one of the largest in the world taking its toll on many lives and posing developmental challenges to the nation. Nearly 25% of the population is living with HIV and 14% are newly infected; AIDS is acknowledged as the major cause of death. Most HIV and AIDS studies have been dominated by surveillance, biomedical and ethical methodologies. These approaches failed to stem the tide of HIV infection because they did not follow-up with the tracking of risky behaviours and the underlying causes of the behaviours. This research scrutinized socio-economic factors in relation to the spread of the epidemic. Available literature showed that little or no attention has been paid to the socio-economic backgrounds in which individuals exist in connection with understanding HIV and AIDS. This study used an economic model of risky sexual behaviour to explore the link between socio-economic status and the practice of HIV self-protective/preventive behaviours in Maruapula, Gaborone, Botswana. The research is vital as it goes beyond surveillance in an effort to establish why the community of the study is susceptible to HIV infection. This research l used both collected data and that from BAIS II.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is oor die verhouding tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV self-protective/preventive gedrag binne Maruapula distrik. Die doel van die studie is om vas te stel of daar 'n verband tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV-voorkomende gedrag onder die inwoners, van Maruapula, Gaborone, Botswana. Data is ingesamel deur die gebruik van vraelyste en die ontleding van die statistiek het getoon dat die is geen verwantskap tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV self-protective/preventive gedrag onder die inwoners. Aanbevelings gebaseer op die bevindinge is gemaak met betrekking tot MIV-voorkoming in die woongebied in die besonder en in die land in die algemeen.
Collings, Sandy Lyn. "Economic consequences of ecological change: restoration options for the Mfolozi floodplain and implications for Lake St. Lucia, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006950.
Full textYee, Lai-wan, and 余麗容. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30101062.
Full textBoonzaaier, Jan-Willem. "A framework for the improved competitiveness of resource poor farmers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2576.
Full textSouth Africa has a two-fold agricultural sector consisting of large-scale, industrialised, commercial farmers, as well as small-scale, resource poor subsistence farmers. One of the aspirations of the post-1994 South African Government is to rectify the imbalances in South African agriculture, where less than 20% of the farmers produce more than 80 % of total national agricultural products. In an attempt to improve supply from previously disadvantaged farmers, a land redistribution programme was launched with the goal of transferring 30% of total agricultural land to black farmers by 2014. However, farmers that are beneficiaries of the land transformation and redistribution programme often struggle to sustain the previous levels of productivity of the land. This is due to inexperience in macro-agriculture as well as a lack of resources. In such cases the beneficiaries revert back to subsistence type farming on previously productive and successful commercial farms. This phenomenon can have a devastating effect on the country’s food security, Gross Domestic Product, unemployment rates and the farmer’s prosperity and development opportunities. By reverting to small-scale farming, access to formal marketing chains is also restricted because of the economies of scales required to sustain a competitive supply to these markets. Urgent strategies are therefore required to improve the competitiveness of farmers who farm on a small scale due to restricted resources and inexperience. In this regard two proven theories to analyse industries for improved competitiveness exist, namely value chain analysis and clustering. Both are investigated in this study in order to determine their suitability for application in the emerging farming sector of South Africa. Value chain analysis has been widely applied to production and manufacturing industries (including agricultural production and agri-food manufacturing) to scrutinise production processes. Valuable insight into an industry’s strong and weak points can be gained by studying various factors. These include the inputs required for the manufacturing of the final product, the steps or processes required in the chain of events, the value added in each step, the contributors in the chain, as well as the linkages between the contributors. Knowledge is also gained regarding chain and process optimisation potential for improved competitiveness. The clustering of small firms to improve their ability to compete in formal markets has received a significant amount of academic interest over the past 100 years. In this regard it is important to determine the factors that influence competitiveness, and to develop strategies to improve the potential of small-scale manufacturing firms to compete with larger scale enterprises. The clustering or grouping of small firms to co-operate with each other and to compete against larger firms – as opposed to competing against each other – has resulted in improved competitiveness for many small firms across the world. A number of common key success factors for improving the competitiveness of smallscale, resource poor farmers are identified in this study through the investigation of a host of case studies. The results from these case studies also provide adequate evidence that the analysis and upgrading of value chains, as well as the promotion of collective action by small farmers, are key components for improving competitiveness and market access. This study focuses on the development of a framework to guide the development of strategies for improving competitiveness amongst small-scale, resource poor farming industries, including a production cost analysis sheet to calculate the competitiveness of farmers in this sub-sector. The Framework is also evaluated for its functionality by looking at the implementation thereof amongst a group of emerging farmers in the Western Cape.
Tladi, Jack Moeketsi. "The potential impact of HIV/AIDS on the financial performances of S. A. companies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50509.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite the seriousness of HIV and AIDS affecting productivity at workplaces, little attention is being paid to the special needs of the infected people in the world of work and the ultimate reality this will have on the companies’ financial health. HIV/AIDS retards economic development and business growth. The epidemic influences the workforce and markets in which business operates. Business must play a leading part in the internal response to HIV/AIDS pandemic. This is both an ethical imperative and the key to business success. Most research conducted on the subject mainly concentrated on the effects of HIV and AIDS on productivity, emphasizing absenteeism as the direct cause of low productivity. The costs of HIV and AIDS will be felt beyond the direct effect of the disease. The indirect costs include the following: The increased costs of recruiting and training, given the extra deaths and disabilities expected. The negative effect on staff morale Loss of time as a result of management and labor meetings to discuss the AIDS crisis as it develops, this resulting in loss of turnover and profits. With the rising prevalence of HIV/AIDS, businesses should be increasingly concerned about the impact of the disease on their organizations-concerns that should be well founded. At the broadest level, businesses are dependent on the strength and vitality of the economies in which they operate. HIV/AIDS raises the costs of doing business, reduces productivity and lowers overall demand for goods and services. The research process in this article focused particularly on workplace issues, which are a key dimension of the relationship between corporations and HIV/AIDS. Data collection was by both structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews, interviews with both management and workers’ representatives and structured questionnaires with the general workforce. The questions asked were open-ended: “Is HIV/AIDS a problem for your company now or in the future?” and “If HIV/AIDS impacted on your company’ financial performance would you act and why?” The research group consisted of four companies in different areas of operations: retail, service and manufacturing and the participants were chosen on the basis of certain inclusive criteria: The number of employees employed. Length of service operation. Willingness to share certain financial information. A qualitative method of data analysis was used in the study and is described in detail. The qualitative research method looks at the subjective meanings attached, descriptions, metaphors, symbols and descriptions of specific cases. It was found that despite the differences from one company to the other, the potential impact of HIV/AIDS on companies’ financials went beyond the direct costs of productivity. As the debate over the availability of cheaper generic anti-retroviral drugs rages in the background, business is faced with the dilemma of significant investment to keep their labour force healthy and alive. This has to be weighed up against the high costs involved in rehiring, retraining and re-incentivising their replacements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van tekens dat MIV en VIGS produktiwiteit in die werkplek affekteer, word daar nog baie min te doen aan die behoeftes van die werkers wat deur die epidemie getref word. Verder, word min aandag geskenk aan die potensiële uitwerking van die epidemie op die finansiële gesondheid van maatskappye. MIV/VIGS vertraag ekonomiese ontwikkeling en besigheidsgroei. Die epidemie het ‘n negatiewe impak op die arbeidsmag en die market waarin besigheid plaasvind. Besigheid moet dus die leiding neem in die interne respons op die MIV/VIGS pandemie. Dit is eties belangrik en die sleutel tot die sukses van besigheid. Die meeste navorsing oor die onderwerp het tot dusver gekonsentreer op die effek van MIV en VIGS op produktiwiteit met die klem op afwesigheid as ‘n direkte oorsaak van lae produktiwiteit. Die koste van MIV en VIGS behels egter veel meer as net die direkte gevolge van die siekte. Die indirekte koste sluit die volgende in: Die koste verbonde aan opleiding en die soeke na nuwe personeel weens sterftes en siekte van personeel. Die negatiewe effek op die moraal van personeel. Verlore tyd as gevolg van bestuurs- en arbeidsvergaderings om die VIGS-krisis te bespreek namate dit ontwikkel en winste negatief beïnvloed. Besigheid behoort meer bekommerd te wees oor die toename in MIV/VIGS gevalle en die impak wat dit op organisasies sal hê. MIV/VIGS verhoog die kostes van besigheid doen, verminder produktiwiteit en verlaag die algemene vraag na goedere en dienste. Die navorsingsbenadering in die artikel fokus op daardie werkplek-aangeleenthede wat ‘n sleuteldimensie is van die verhouding tussen organisasies en MIV/VIGS. Data is ingewin deur middel van gestruktureerde vraelyste en ongestruktureerde onderhoude. Onderhoude is met beide bestuurslui en verteenwoordigers van werkers gevoer, en gestruktureerde vrae met die werkers. Die vrae gestel was oop vrae soos “Is MIV/VIGS `n problem vir u onderneming huidiglik of in die toekoms? En “Indien MIV/VIGS ‘n negatiewe impak het op die onderming se prestasie sal jy optree en waarom?” Die navorsingsgroep het bestaan uit vier ondernemings in die kleinhandels-, dienslewerings-, en vervaardigingssektor. Die deelnemers is gekies op die basis van inklusiwiteit met die volgende criteria: Die getal werkers in diens. Hoe lank is onderneming in besigheid? Die bereidwilligheid om inligting te deel. `n Kwalitatiewe metode van data analise is gebruik wat breedvoerig verduidelik en beskryf word. Die navorsingsmetode kyk veral na subjektiewe betekenisse, omskrywings, metafore, simbole en omskrywings van spesifieke gevalle. Navorsing het getoon dat MIV/VIGS ‘n impak het op ondernemings se finansiële omstandighede en produktiwiteit. Terwyl die debat oor goedkoper generiese anti-retrovirale middele aan die gang is, word ondernemings of besighede konfronteer met die keuse tussen beduidende investering om die arbeidsmag gesond en lewendig te hou of die hoë koste van herindiensneming, heropleiding en insentiewe.
Law, Matthew Charles. "Willingness to pay for the control of water hyacinth in an urban environment of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002731.
Full textCamilleri, Fenech Margaret. "Understanding Waste Flows. An industrial ecology approach to the generation of waste, its flows and the connection it has with economic shifts. A case study of the Maltese Islands." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671058.
Full textLa generación de residuos no es un fenómeno contemporáneo. Son los grandes volúmenes, la variedad y la complejidad los que se han convertido en un desafío aparentemente omnipresente e insuperable para la sociedad moderna. De hecho, los desechos se han vuelto lo suficientemente complejos como para exigir tecnologías complejas y atención especializada, al tiempo que requieren mayores recursos financieros para su gestión. Esta tesis utiliza las islas maltesas como caso de estudio. Incluye tres capítulos de investigación originales (Capítulos 3, 4 y 5) que exploran la generación de residuos y su gestión en diferentes etapas. La ecología industrial (IE) se utiliza como disciplina básica de orientación. Las herramientas, como el análisis de entrada-salida, el análisis de flujo de materiales, la huella de carbono y las auditorías de desechos, permitieron que los sistemas económicos se vieran conjuntamente dentro del entorno en el que operan. Este enfoque enfatiza el desarrollo e implementación de las soluciones y políticas a nivel del sistema, que pueden alcanzar e incluir el sistema global. Motivada por la relación directa que muestra la generación de residuos con el crecimiento económico y la necesidad de desvincular esta correlación positiva, junto con la moda lineal que el rendimiento mundial ha seguido desarrollando, esta tesis se propone examinar y comprender las conexiones que la producción de residuos se mantiene con funciones operativas y económicas. A través de los resultados obtenidos, la tesis no tiene como objetivo establecer o medir la tasa de desacoplamiento entre diferentes flujos de residuos y el crecimiento económico, sino presentar información que guíe la introducción y aplicación de un sistema integrado de gestión de residuos y ayude en la implementación de una economía circular. con el objetivo final de guiar la política hacia el desacoplamiento de la generación de residuos del crecimiento económico. La reacción inicial al aumento de las cifras de residuos se centró en el tratamiento, que, en la mayoría de los casos, culminó con el lanzamiento, el entierro o la quema de lo que se produce. Sin embargo, las externalidades sociales, ambientales y económicas de estas prácticas crecieron de manera directa y positiva, y los volúmenes exigieron un replanteamiento de estos enfoques. La necesidad de cambiar a un enfoque integrado para la gestión de residuos se destacó a lo largo de la investigación. Esto significa que, aunque anteriormente, la gestión de residuos era una idea posterior, que a menudo se presentaba en sistemas de tratamiento atornillados y de final de tubería, un enfoque integrado requeriría conocimiento y soluciones basadas en evidencia que se basan en estudios que abarcan un Intervención y coordinación multidisciplinaria y multisectorial. Esta metodología es crucial para un país que quiere establecer un sistema que tenga en cuenta los aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales de los impactos de los desechos y trabaje para su eliminación. Esta tesis destaca la complejidad que caracteriza la gestión de residuos, más aún en una isla densamente poblada con rápida expansión económica. Estos desafíos se amplifican en vista de la conexión directa que los desechos tienen con los cambios económicos y el modus operandi lineal predominante de la mayoría de los sistemas. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de un enfoque interdisciplinario para la gestión de residuos, ya que esto permitiría la interacción de sistemas complejos en la sociedad, la ciencia, la naturaleza y la tecnología, para promover la percepción de que los residuos son el resultado del sistema económico general y aumentar el potencial. para el desarrollo de un Sistema Integrado de Gestión de Residuos, una Economía Circular y, en última instancia, un movimiento hacia un crecimiento económico que no esté plagado de externalidades.
The generation of waste is not a contemporary phenomenon. It is the sheer volumes, variety and complexity that have become a seemingly ubiquitous and insurmountable challenge for modern society. Waste has, in fact, become intricate enough to demand complex technologies and specialist attention while requiring higher financial resources to be directed to its management. This thesis uses the Maltese Islands as a case study. It includes three original research chapters (Chapters 3, 4 and 5) which explore the generation of waste and its management at different stages. Industrial Ecology (IE) is used as a basic guiding discipline. Tools, such as, input-output analysis, material flow analysis, carbon footprint and waste audits, allowed economic systems to be viewed jointly within the environment in which they operate. This approach emphasises the development and implementation of the solutions and policies at the system level, which can reach up to, and include the global system. Motivated by the direct relationship that waste generation displays with economic growth and the need to delink this positive correlation, together with the linear fashion that the world’ s throughput has continued to develop, this thesis sets out to examine and comprehend the connections that the production of waste holds with operational and economic functions. Through the results achieved, the thesis does not aim to establish or measure the rate of decoupling between different waste streams and economic growth but to table information that guides the introduction and application of an integrated waste management system and assists in the implementation of a circular economy with the final goal of guiding policy towards the decoupling of waste generation from economic growth. The initial reaction to escalating waste figures was focused on treatment, which, in most cases, culminated in the tossing, burying or burning of whatever is produced. However, the social, environmental and economic externalities of these practices grew in a direct and positive manner with the volumes necessitating a rethinking of these approaches. The need to shift to an integrated approach to waste management was highlighted throughout the research. This means that, while earlier on, waste management was an after-thought, often featuring in bolt-on, end-of-pipe treatment systems, an integrated approach would require knowledge and evidence-based solutions that are grounded in studies which encompass a multidisciplinary and multisectoral intervention and coordination. This methodology is crucial for a country that wants to establish a system which accounts for the social, economic and environmental aspects of waste impacts and works towards their abatement. This thesis highlights the complexity that characterises waste management, more so in a densely populated island with rapid economic expansion. These challenges are amplified in view of the direct connection waste holds with economic shifts and the prevalent linear modus operandi of most systems. Emphasis on the need for an interdisciplinary approach to waste management is prioritised as this would permit for the interaction of complex systems in society, science, nature and technology, to promote the perception that waste is the result of the overall economic system and increase the potential for the development of an Integrated Waste Management System, a Circular Economy and ultimately a move towards economic growth that is not riddled with externalities.
Uehara, Takuro. "A Systems Approach to Ecological Economic Models Developed Progressively in Three Interwoven Articles." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/553.
Full textStadler, Konstantin, Richard Wood, Tatyana Bulavskaya, Carl-Johan Södersten, Moana Simas, Sarah Schmidt, Jeroen Kunen, et al. "EXIOBASE 3: Developing a Time Series of Detailed Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables." Wiley, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12715.
Full textDanguy, Jérôme. "Essays on the globalization of innovation using patent-based indicators." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209409.
Full textFirst, the relevance of patent statistics as indicators of innovation is evaluated by studying the relationship between expenditures in R&D activities and patenting efforts. Chapter 2 decomposes this relationship at the industry level to shed light on the origins of the worldwide surge in patent applications. The empirical investigation of the R&D-patent relationship relies on a unique panel dataset composed of 18 manufacturing industries in 19 countries covering the period from 1987 to 2005, for which five broad patent indicators are developed. This study shows that patent applications at the industry level reflect not only research productivity, but also two main components of the propensity to patent which are firms’ strategic considerations: the decision to protect an invention with a patent (the “appropriability strategy”) and the number of patents filed to protect an innovation (the “filing strategy”). The comparison between the results for various patent count indicators provides also interesting insights. While some industries (computers and communication technologies) and countries (South Korea, Spain, and Poland) have experienced a drastic increase in patent applications, the ratio of priority patent applications to R&D expenditures has been generally constant. This result suggests that there has been no spurt in innovation productivity. In contrast, regional applications (filings at the United States Patent and Trademark Office or at the European Patent Office) have been increasing since the early 1990s, suggesting that the patent explosion observed in large regional patent offices is due to the greater globalization of intellectual property rights rather than a surge in research productivity. Innovative firms are increasingly targeting global markets and hence have a higher tendency to seek protection in key markets worldwide.
Chapter 3 introduces, firstly, aggregate patent-based indicators to measure the globalization of innovation production. Secondly, it describes the patterns in international technology production for a large panel dataset covering 21 industries in 29 countries from 1980 to 2005. A strong growth in the intensity of globalization of innovation is confirmed not only in terms of cross-border ownership of innovation, but also in terms of international technological collaborations. More interestingly, heterogeneity across countries and industries is observed. On the one hand, more innovative countries (or industries) do not present more globalized innovation footprint. On the other hand, the ownership of innovation is still strongly concentrated in a few countries, although its location is increasingly dispersed across the world. Thirdly, it investigates empirically two main opposing motives driving the internationalization of innovation: home-base augmenting and home-base exploiting strategies. The results show that the degree of internationalization of innovation is negatively related to the revealed technological advantage of countries across industries. Countries tend to be more technologically globalized in industrial sectors in which they are less technologically specialized. The empirical findings suggest also that countries with multidisciplinary technological knowledge are more likely to take part in international co-inventions of new technologies and to be attractive for foreign innovative firms. This aggregated patent-based analysis provides additional evidence that globalization of innovation is a means of acquiring competences abroad that are lacking at home, suggesting that home-base augmenting motives matter in the globalization of innovation production. By contrast, the internationalization of innovation does not seem to be purely market-driven since large economies are not the target of foreign innovative firms and international patenting is more related to international competitiveness of country-industry pairs than to the direction of trade flows.
While the previous chapter studies the globalization of innovation of a country with the rest of world, Chapter 4 aims at explaining who collaborates with whom in the international production of technology. In particular, the impact of technological distance between partner’s economies is investigated for a panel dataset covering international co-inventions between 29 countries in 21 industries between 1988 and 2005. The descriptive analysis highlights that the overall growth in internationalization of innovation is due to both the increase in the number of international innovative actors and the rise of the average intensity of collaboration. The empirical findings then suggest that the two main arguments related to technological distance – ‘similarity versus diversity’ – can be reconciled by taking an industry approach. Indeed, the estimation results show that the impact of technological distance is twofold on the intensity of collaborative innovation at industry level. On the one hand, the more similar the industry-specific knowledge of two countries (low technological distance within the industry), the more easily they collaborate by sharing common industrial knowledge. On the other hand, the more different their non-industry-specific knowledge (high technological distance outside the scope of the industry), the more they collaborate to gain access to broad and interdisciplinary expertise. It suggests that the relative absorptive capacity between partner’s economies and the search for novel and complementary knowledge are key drivers of the globalization of innovation. Moreover, the results confirm the moderating effect of non-technological distance factors (spatial proximity, ease of communication, institutional proximity, and overall economic ties) in cross-border innovative relationships.
The topic of Chapter 5 is the cost-benefit analysis of the creation of a new ‘globalized’ patent: the EU Patent (formerly known as Community Patent) which consists in a single patent covering the entire EU territory for both application procedure and legal enforcement after grant. The objective of this chapter is threefold: (i) simulate the budgetary consequences in terms of renewal fees’ income for the European and national patent offices; (ii) evaluate the implications for the business sector in terms of absolute and relative fees; (iii) assess the total economic impact for the most important actors of the European patent system. Based on an econometric model explaining the determinants of the maintenance rate of patents, the simulations suggest that – with a sound renewal fee structure – the EU patent could generate more income for nearly all patent offices than under the current status quo. It would, at the same time, substantially reduce the relative patenting costs for applicants. Finally, the loss of economic rents by patent attorneys, translators and lawyers, and the drop of controlling power by national patent offices elucidate further the persistence of a fragmented European patent system.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Okyere, Francis. "Social responsibility in the SMMEs of the Botshabelo industrial estates." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/198.
Full textResearch evidence suggests that South African small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) are not making the desired impact on their societies because they are unable to create jobs. The normative assertion is that by engaging in socially responsible activities, SMMEs will be able to enhance their impact on society. Much “noise”, effort and resources are being made available to South African SMMEs to encourage them to embrace this concept of social responsibility as it is also touted to result in business benefits. Socially responsible behaviour by SMMEs has therefore become an important national issue in South Africa. However, in spite of this realisation, very little is known about how seriously the South African SMMEs really consider and approach the whole issue of business social responsibility (BSR) precisely because of the dearth of empirical research on the subject. Without empirical evidence from systematic research, it becomes extremely difficult to tell for sure what these SMMEs think of and are really doing in terms of BSR; what obstacles they face in their BSR endeavours; what support they need; among others. Without such information, policy makers cannot reasonably be expected to formulate appropriate support mechanisms to enhance the BSR efforts of these SMMEs. In the end, communities like Botshabelo (in the Free State Province of South Africa) might lose out on the benefits that are usually associated with BSR performance of SMMEs. The purpose of this study was to provide such information. Specifically, the research investigated the following issues: SMMEs understanding of BSR; BSR as a sound business philosophy/practice for SMMEs; Why SMMEs undertake BSR; SMMEs’ attitude towards BSR; Barriers to SMMEs’ BSR engagement; and main BSR activities of SMMEs. In this study, research was conducted on the SMMEs of the Botshabelo industrial estate. After a thorough literature review, data were collected from 170 respondents on 137 out of the 150 SMMEs operating in Botshabelo. The results of the data analysis suggest that the SMMEs investigated have a good understanding of the concept and its value. However, the SMMEs focus mainly on employee and customer issues while showing less concern for community and environmental issues. The SMMEs also encounter barriers to BSR engagement which mostly have to do with lack of time. Based on these findings, recommendations are made regarding policy and further research.
Roberts, Theari. "Near-optimum cost minimisation of transporting bioenergy carriers from source to intermediate distributors." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4117.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world is facing an energy crisis with worldwide energy consumption rising at an alarming rate. The effects that fossil fuels have on the environment are also causing concern. For these two reasons the world is determined to find ‘cleaner’, renewable and sustainable energy sources. The Cape Winelands District Munisipality (CWDM) area has been identified as the study area for a bioenergy project. The CWDM project aims to determine the possibility of producing bioenergy from lignocellulosic biomass, and transporting it as economically as possible to a number of electricity plants within the study area. From the CWDM project a number of research topics were identified. The aim of this thesis is to determine the best location for one or more processing plants that will maximise the potential profit through the entire system. This is achieved by minimising the overall life cycle cost of the project. It takes into account costs from establishing and maintaining the crops, harvesting, transportation, conversion and generation; with a strong focus on the transport costs. In conjunction with a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) specialist and taking into account various factors such as electricity demand, heat sales and substation locations, 14 possible plant locations were identified. The possible supply points for each of the 14 plant locations were then analysed by GIS again to yield data in terms of elevation, road distances and slope. The transport costs were calculated using the Vehicle Cost Schedule (VCS) from the Road Freight Association (RFA) and fuel consumption calculations. It takes into account slope, laden and unladen transport and considers different transport commodities. These calculations together with the other associated costs of the life cycle are then combined with the results of the GIS into an EXCEL file. From this a transportation optimisation model is developed and the equivalent yearly life cycle cost of each of the 14 demand points are minimised by means of LINGO software. Initially runs were done for 2.5 MW capacity plants. From the high profit areas identified here, a single area was chosen and further runs were done on it. These runs were performed to determine the effect of different plant capacities on the life cycle costs, as well as how it affects the farm gate price that can be paid to the farmer. It also determined the effect of farmer participation at different plant capacities. The results indicate that it is currently possible to pay a farmer between R 300.00 and R 358.00 for a ton of biomass. It also revealed that with higher participation from farmers in the CWDM project, lower costs and higher farm gate prices will result, since the transport costs will be lower. Although all the costs within the life cycle are variable over time, the transport cost is the only cost that varies spatially and this will have a major effect on the overall system cost. The thesis found that generating electricity from woody biomass is feasible for all areas that were considered as well as for all variations considered during the sensitivity analysis. For the recommended plant size of 5 MW the transport of logs will be optimum.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tempo waarteen energieverbruik wêreldwyd styg is ʼn rede tot kommer. Die nadelige effek wat fossiel brandstowwe op die omgewing het, is ook ʼn probleem. Hierdie twee redes is hoofsaaklik wat die wêreld dryf om ‘skoner’ hernieubare en volhoubare energie bronne te vind. Die Kaapse Wynland Distrik Munisipaliteit (KWDM) area is identifiseer as ʼn studie area vir ʼn bio-energie projek. Die doel van die KWDM projek is om die vervaardiging van bio-energie vanaf plantasies, die vervoer van hierdie bome sowel as die prosessering koste by die fabriek te bepaal en te evalueer. Vanuit die KWDM projek het `n aantal tesisse ontwikkel waarvan hierdie een is. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die beste posisie vir een of meer prosesserings fabrieke te bepaal wat die potensiële wins van die KWDM projek sal maksimeer. Dit is ook gemik daarop om die ekwivalente jaarlikse oorhoofse lewenssiklus koste van die projek te minimeer. Dit neem die vestiging en onderhoud van gewasse, oeskostes, vervoerkostes en proseskostes in ag, met ʼn spesifiek fokus op die vervoerkoste. In samewerking met `ʼn “Geographical Information Systems” (GIS) spesialis en deur verskeie faktore, soos elektrisiteitsverbruik, inkomste vanaf hitte verkope en substasie posisies, in ag te neem is 14 moontlike fabriek posisies identifiseer. Verder is die moontlike voorsienings areas van elk van die 14 fabriek posisies weer deur GIS analiseer om resultate in terme van hoogte bo seespieël, padafstand en helling te verkry. Die vervoerkostes is verkry vanaf die “Vehicle Cost Schedule” (VCS) van die “Road Freight Association” (RFA), asook berekeninge wat die brandstof verbruik in ag neem. Hierdie kostes sluit in die effek van gradiënt, gelaaide en ongelaaide vervoer sowel as verskillende vervoer produkte. Hierdie berekeninge sowel as die ander kostes in die siklus en die resultate van GIS is kombineer in ʼn EXCEL leer. Hierdie data word dan gebruik om ʼn LINGO model te ontwikkel en die oorhoofse lewenssiklus koste van elk van die 14 fabriek posisies te minimeer. Optimering is gedoen vir 2.5 MW kapasiteit fabrieke. Uit die beste areas is een area identifiseer en verdere lopies is daarop gedoen. Die doel van hierdie lopies is om die effek van verskillende fabriekskapasiteit op die lewensiklus koste te bepaal, asook die effek daarvan op die prys wat aan die boer betaal word vir hout. Hierdie lopies is ook gebruik om die effek van boer deelname te bepaal. Die resultaat dui aan dat dit tans moontlik is om ʼn boer tussen R 300.00 en R 358.00 te betaal vir ʼn ton biomassa. Dit het ook gewys dat hoe meer boere deelneem aan hierdie projek hoe laer is die oorhoofse lewensiklus koste en hoe hoër is die prys wat betaal kan word vir hout aangesien die vervoerkoste laer sal wees. Alhoewel al die lewensiklus kostes veranderlik is oor tyd, is dit net die vervoerkoste wat ʼn ruimtelike komponent ook het en dit sal ʼn groot effek op die oorhoofse lewenssiklus koste hê. Die tesis bevind dat dit lewensvatbaar is vir alle areas in die studie om elektrisiteit op te wek vanaf hout biomassa, selfs al word die uiterse variasie in die sensitiwiteitsanalise gebruik. Vir die aanbeveling van ʼn 5 MW fabriek sal die goedkoopste vervoer opsie boomstompe wees.
Andrade, Daniel Caixeta. "Modelagem e valoração de serviços ecossistemicos = uma contribuição da economia ecologica." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286031.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta tese teve como principal objetivo contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento metodológico do processo de valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos. A hipótese básica adotada foi de que esta deve contar com a utilização da ferramenta de modelagem econômico-ecológica como requisito básico para compreensão da dinâmica ecológica envolvida e a incorporação dos valores de outros serviços ecossistêmicos que de outra maneira não seriam captados. Os serviços ecossistêmicos são a interface básica entre o capital natural e o bem-estar humano. São os benefícios diretos e indiretos gerados a partir das complexas interações entre os componentes do capital natural. Apesar de sua importância, o funcionamento dos mercados tradicionais não os considera nas transações econômicas, pois eles são considerados "gratuitos" ou "presentes" da natureza. O fato de não serem precificados como outro bem ou serviço faz com que não haja incentivos para sua preservação, levando à sua superexploração e, muitas vezes, perda total. Enquanto ferramenta importante de gestão, é preciso se avançar em termos de propostas para o aperfeiçoamento da valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos, de forma a contornar seu viés reducionista. É neste sentido que o presente trabalho apresenta como contribuição maior a proposta da valoração dinâmico-integrada, a qual visa integrar a valoração stricto sensu à análise mais geral das alterações nos fluxos físicos de serviços ecossistêmicos e seus efeitos sobre as variáveis econômicas. Com o auxílio de aplicações práticas da valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos, demonstrou-se que o processo de valoração não pode dispensar o uso da modelagem enquanto instrumento de avaliação biofísica dos fluxos de serviços ecossistêmicos. Sem essa ferramenta não há como proceder-se a um exercício de valoração que realmente se aproxime do real valor dos serviços ecossistêmicos.
Abstract: This dissertation had as main goal to contribute to the methodological improvement of the ecosystem services valuation process. The basic hypothesis adopted was that it should consider using the ecological-economic modeling as a basic tool required to better understanding the ecological dynamics involved and incorporating the other values of ecosystem services that otherwise would not be captured. Ecosystem services are the basic interface between natural capital and human well-being. They are the direct and indirect benefits generated from the complex interactions among natural capital components. Despite its importance, the functioning of traditional markets does not consider them in economic transactions, because they are considered "free" or "gifts" from nature. As they are not priced like other good or services, there are no incentives for its preservation, leading to over-exploitation and often to its total loss. As an important management tool, it is vital to go beyond with proposals for improving the ecosystem services valuation, in order to overcome its reductionist bias. In this sense the most important contribution of this dissertation is the proposal of a dynamic-integrated valuation approach, which is aimed at integrating the stricto sensu valuation to the more general analysis of changes in ecosystem services flows and its effects on economic variables. Through practical applications of ecosystem services valuation, it was shown that this process cannot do without the use of modeling as a tool for assessing biophysical flows of ecosystem services. Without this tool there is no way to conduct a valuation exercise that really comes close to the real value of ecosystem services.
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico
Guieb, Eulalio R. "Community, marine rights, and sea tenure : a political ecology of marine conservation in two Bohol villages in central Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115632.
Full textThe ownership of rights to marine resources by village members is a necessary if not sufficient condition for the political empowerment of communities in conservation. The issue of property rights in the Philippines is irrevocably linked to issues of equity, as social actors confront prevailing unequal relations of power. The development of community commitment to the reconfigured arrangements of marine protected area establishment depends on substantial economic gains for marginalized villagers, an equitable distribution of those gain, the ecologically sound management of resources over which rights are negotiated and gains generated, and a socially meaningful realignment of relations of power among nested sources of authority.
My analysis points to the advantages of a reinforced community property regime that would call for measures by the national government to enhance villagers' tenure over their settlements and community waters (katubigang barangay). Such a regime is no panacea for the manifold social and environmental challenges faced by communities, but it would enable them to engage more confidently and constructively with state, NGO and other interests in conservation, and to address the real or perceived threats of dislocation by externally proposed schemes.
Two villages with MPAs in the province of Bohol in central Philippines serve as case study sites to explore intertwined social, economic and political variables that influence issues of conservation, equity and empowerment.
Botes, Francois Jacobus. "A model to forecast the impact of road accessibility on the economic development potential of industrial land in urban areas." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53250.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation firstly outlines the findings of recent studies that have recorded the relationship between transport and economic development. This includes the assessment of a number of economic evaluation techniques that are available to predict the impact of improvements in transport on economic development. An historic overview is provided of the role that transport has played in the development of Cape Town. Due to the fact that the phases of development followed international development trends, it is concluded that development in Cape Town will follow the global trend. A number of economic growth scenarios are developed for Cape Town to assess how the City will be able to cope with the socio-demographic challenges facing it in the next century. The relationship between land price and the economic development potential of land is outlined, as are the factors that determine industrial land price, namely the demand and supply of industrial land. The process of determining the economic value of industrial land is described. This includes the collection and analysis of occupation rent of industrial townships in Cape Town, the calculation of property values and the calculation of the shadow price of land. A procedure of determining accessibility to industrial townships in Cape Town was developed. Firstly, accessibility was defined in broad terms. This was followed by a discussion of each of the elements of accessibility namely proximity, access and mobility in order to understand the factors that may impact on the level of accessibility. Finally, the level of accessibility is quantified in terms of generalised cost. A regression analysis was undertaken to establish a statistical relationship between the economic value of industrial land and accessibility to the industrial townships. The development of a numerical model was based on the regression analyses to forecast changes in industrial land price given a change in accessibility. The model was then tested on a case study. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (a) The accessibility of industrial land in Cape Town is linked closely to its CSD I Port (it was not possible to separate the CSD and the port), which is typical of a monocentric city structure. (b) There is a positive, significant, quantifiable relationship between accessibility as quantified by means of generalised cost and the economic value of industrial land, which was calculated by means of the shadow price technique. (c) There are a number of conditions that should be met for an increase in local industrial production potential to be translated into an equal amount of economic output.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif som eerstens die bevindings van onlangse studies op wat die verwantskap tussen vervoer en ekonomiese ontwikkeling dokumenteer. Dit sluit die taksering van 'n aantal ekonomiese evaluasietegnieke in wat beskikbaar is om die impak van vervoer op ekonomiese ontwikkeling te voorspel. 'n Historiese oorsig word verskaf van die rol wat vervoer gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van Kaapstad. As gevolg van die feit dat die fases van ontwikkeling in die verlede internasionale ontwikkelingstendense gevolg het, word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Kaapstad die globalisasie markera, wat tans internasionaal gestalte kry, sal navolg. 'n Aantal ekonomiese groeiscenarios word vir Kaapstad ontwikkel ten einde te bepaal hoe die stad die sosiodemografiese uitdagings van die volgende eeu sal hanteer. Die verwantskap tussen grondprys en die ekonomiese ontwikkelingspotensiaal van grond word omskryf, asook die faktore wat industriële grondprys bepaal. Die proses van die bepaling van die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond word beskryf. Dit sluit die insamel en analise van besettingshuurdata van industriële dorpsgebiede, die berekening van eiendomswaarde en die berekening van die skaduprys van grond in. 'n Prosedure is ontwikkel vir die berekening van die toeganklikheid van industriële dorpsgebiede in Kaapstad. Eerstens is toeganklikheid in breë trekke gedefinieër. Dit is gevolg deur 'n bespreking van elk van die elemente van toeganklikheid, naamlik nabyheid, aansluiting en mobiliteit ten einde die faktore wat op die vlak van toeganklikheid mag impakteer te verstaan. Laastens is die vlak van toeganklikheid gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende vervoerkoste. 'n Regressie-analise is onderneem ten einde die statistiese verwantskap tussen die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond en toeganklikheid na industriële dorpsgebiede te bepaal. Die ontwikkeling van 'n numeriese model is op die regressie-analise gebaseer ten einde veranderinge in industriële grondpryse te voorspel, gegewe 'n verandering in toeganklikheid. Die model is op 'n gevallestudie toegepas. Die vernaamste gevolgtrekkings van die studie is : (a) Die toeganklikheid van industriële grond in Kaapstad is nou gekoppel aan die sentrale sakekern I hawe (dit was nie moontlik om die sentrale sakekern en hawe te skei nie), wat tipies is van n monosentriese staduitleg. (b) Daar is n noemenswaardige positiewe kwantifiseerbare verwantskap tussen toeganklikheid, soos gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende koste, en die ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond wat deur middel van die skaduprystegniek bereken is. (c) Daar is 'n aantal voorwaardes waaraan voldoen moet word alvorens 'n toename in plaaslike industriële produksiepotensiaal tot 'n soortgelyke toename in ekonomiese ontwikelingspotensiaal sal lei.
Walckiers, Alexis. "Three essays on the economics of science and higher education." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210554.
Full textknowledge, these institutions, interestingly, share other common characteristics: they both emerged before the Industrial Revolution, their importance increased over the centuries and they seem unavoidable today, and many actors are private not-for-profit.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Silva, Gilmar da. "Aproveitamento de agua de chuva em um predio industrial e numa escola publica : estudo de caso." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258607.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura Urbanismo
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Resumo: Hoje é de vital importância se criar alternativas que levem ao racionamento ou economia de água potável, e uma dessas medidas é fazer uso da água de chuva disponível na natureza. Para tanto, foi necessário avaliar mediante estudo de caso a possibilidade da economia de água, aproveitando-se da água de chuva de maneira qualitativa e econômica num complexo industrial e escolar. O complexo industrial escolhido foi a Fábrica de mancais de deslizamento Grafimec, localizada no município de Araras/SP e a Escola Estadual Dom Idílio José Soares de Limeira/SP que se caracteriza pela formação educacional de jovens. Realizou-se a coleta de água de chuva na Fábrica Grafimec ao longo de um ano, em 4 pontos distintos (telhado, calha, cisterna e cisterna filtrada) para avaliar os aspectos físico-químicos e bacteriológicas dessa água. Uma vez que não existe uma Portaria ou Resolução que discorra sobre o tema aproveitamento de água de chuva, foram adotadas para efeito de comparação dos resultados qualitativos às Resoluções 274 e 357 mais à Portaria 518 do Ministério da Saúde. Paralelamente foi realizado um estudo econômico da Fábrica Grafimec juntamente com à Escola Estadual, para verificar o que um sistema de aproveitamento de água de chuva pode representar em termos de ganhos ambientais para às futuras gerações. Apesar de existirem contaminações bacteriológicas quando os resultados foram suficientemente comparados com a Portaria 518, a qualidade da água atendeu à exigência de uso da Fábrica Grafimec de Araras/SP. A utilização da cisterna nos dois estudos de caso proporcionou uma economia significativa de água da rede pública, ou seja, água essa que sairia dos nossos rios para atividades que não haveria necessidade, tais como: descarga de vasos sanitários, lavagens de piso, irrigação de jardins e plantas, dentre outras. Esse projeto de pesquisa contribuiu de maneira significativa para que novas pesquisas possam surgir no âmbito do aproveitamento da água de chuva, baseado nas práticas adotadas pela Fábrica e pela Escola
Abstract: Today it is essential to find out new alternatives for rationing or saving drinking water, and one of them is to make use of the rainwater available in nature. To achieve this, it was necessary to evaluate through a case study the possibility of water saving, by recovering rainwater with economy and quality in an industry and in a school. The industrial complex chosen was the sliding bearings factory called Grafimec, located in the town of Araras, SP, and the State Public School Dom Idílio José Soares in the town of Limeira, SP, where the activities aim at young people¿s education. The rainwater collection was done at Grafimec factory at 4 different spots (roof, spout, cistern and filter-cistern) to evaluate the physicalchemical and bacteriological aspects of this water. Since there is no Decree or Resolution on the rainwater recovery theme, for the purpose of comparing quality results, Resolutions 274 and 357, and also Decree no. 518 of the Health Ministry were adopted. At the same time, an economics study of Grafimec Factory and of the public school was carried out to assess how much benefit can be obtained in terms of environment for future generations. Although there was bacteriological contamination, when the results were sufficiently compared with Decree no. 518, the water quality met the use requirements established by Grafimec Factory in Araras, SP. The use of the cistern in both case studies provided a significant economy of the public water, which means that some of the water that would be taken from our rivers to activities where it was not essential, such as: toilet flushing, floor washing, gardens and plants irrigation, among others, was saved. This research project has significantly contributed towards the start of many other research studies in the field of rainwater recovery, based on the actions adopted by the factory and the school
Doutorado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Ploykitikoon, Pattravadee. "The Impact of Knowledge Inflows on the Performance of National Laboratories in Technological Latecomer Countries." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1071.
Full textFrancisco, Gabriela Amorozo. "Prevenção de resíduos: um estudo de caso na indústria calçadista brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-10012017-132000/.
Full textThe footwear industry is characterized by intense natural resources input and large and diverse waste generation, many of which are hazardous, offering risks to the environment as well as human health. A wide variety of materials are used in the products, which hampers the treatment of post-consumption waste, worsening the scenario for the issue of waste in the footwear industry. Waste prevention aims at preventing or reducing both quantitative and qualitatively the waste flows, and thus, the environmental impacts caused by them. The adoption of prevention activities in the footwear industry contributes to the mitigation of several impacts associated with this products life cycle. This research had the objective of studying waste prevention in the Brazilian footwear industry, as to unveil and systematize existing initiatives and practices, discussing them in light of the literature on the subject and identifying the challenges and opportunities for their progress. The conceptual basis of Industrial Ecology was used to analyze the findings. A descriptive-exploratory single case study with multiple analysis units was conducted aiming at answering the research questions: i) How have waste prevention activities been occurring in the footwear production?; ii) What are the challenges and opportunities for the progress of waste prevention in this area? The research found that waste prevention activities in the footwear industry are still timid, focusing mainly the selection of less toxic or recycled materials, as well as efficiency in the use of raw materials. The last is connected to cost reduction, taking place in the component sector mainly in the chemical industry through the internal reutilization of byproducts and in the manufacture sector, through efficient cutting of the parts. In general, the Brazilian footwear production is characterized by high competitiveness, pursuing cost reduction and gain maximization. That presents challenges for the implementation of waste prevention activities for setting low prices as priority, usually obtained by the externalization of social and environmental costs. It also harms the interest in collaboration between organizations. The supply chains are wide and lack articulation, which hinders information and materials circulation between organizations. Regarding the materials, the research found cycling possibilities within the productive environment for several of them, although these are not put into practice. The case of the Brazilian footwear industry is emblematic for the crisis in the economic system based in the technical-scientific paradigm (according to which, development is equal to economic growth). It underlines the need for a paradigm shift, as well as a new material rationality.
Sim, Hee Jung. "Strategic capacity investment with partial reversibility under uncertain economic condition and oligopolistic competition." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01142005-000021/unrestricted/sim%5Fheejung%5F200505%5Fphd.pdf.
Full textSokol, Joel, Committee Member ; Wang, Qiong, Committee Member ; Kertz, Robert, Committee Member ; Griffin, Paul, Committee Member ; Deng, Shijie, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.