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Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial districts – Italy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Gabaldón-Estevan, Daniel, and Ignacio Fernández-de-Lucio. "How does diversity affect district innovation systems? Findings from a comparative study of european ceramics." trilogía Ciencia Tecnología Sociedad 10, no. 18 (January 30, 2018): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/21457778.644.

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This research applies Nelson’s (1993) primary typology of enterprises to understand why the propensity for innovation varies across ceramics district innovation systems in Europe. We use innovation systems and industrial district theories to explore the innovation capacity of the two most important ceramic tile industrial districts in Europe—Emilia Romagna in Italy and Castellon in Spain. Our analysis shows that, in both districts, innovation plays a decisive role in allowing companies to maintain competitiveness in a globalizing market. However, by comparing the composition of their district innovation systems, our analysis shows that: (i) although levels of competition in both districts are similar, cooperation is stronger in Italy; (ii) scarce technology and advanced service providers in Spain make it predominantly a follower in the adoption of innovation; (iii) higher innovation intensity in Italy is due to diffusion of technology from firms in neighbouring districts specialized in other industry sectors. We provide strong evidence indicating that differences in the industry mix shape both national and district innovation systems.

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2

Capasso, Marco, and Andrea Morrison. "Innovation in industrial districts: evidence from Italy." Management Decision 51, no. 6 (June 21, 2013): 1225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-12-2011-0487.

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3

Cainelli, Giulio, and Nicola De Liso. "Innovation in Industrial Districts: Evidence from Italy." Industry & Innovation 12, no. 3 (September 2005): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13662710500195991.

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4

Corsi, Stephen. "Small firms and industrial districts in Italy." European Management Journal 8, no. 1 (March 1990): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(90)90062-b.

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5

Andall, Jacqueline. "Industrial Districts and Migrant Labour in Italy." British Journal of Industrial Relations 45, no. 2 (June 2007): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2007.00615.x.

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6

Schiliro', Daniele. "Italian Industrial Districts: Theories, Profiles and Competitiveness." Management and Organizational Studies 4, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/mos.v4n4p1.

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The paper is a contribution to the debate about the theoretical aspects, the structure, and the competitiveness of Italian industrial districts. The work first examines the theoretical strand on industrial districts ranging from Marshall to Becattini, and focusing on the contemporary distrettualism of Giacomo Becattini, where the district is essentially a socio-economic construct and an important localized productive system. Furthermore, the paper offers an updated picture of the Italian industrial districts as they are represented in the 2011 Census by the National Statistics Institute. Finally, this study underlines the resilient competitive capacity of this typical form of industrial organization. Then, through empirical literature, it analyzes the Italian district companies, and their performance and success in foreign markets, especially with regard to “Made in Italy” products.

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7

Spadavecchia, Anna. "Building Industrial Districts: Do Subsidies Help? Evidence from Postwar Italy." Business History Review 94, no. 2 (2020): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768051900117x.

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The “historical alternatives” approach calls for research into the role of national institutions and public policies in the resilience or decline of industrial districts. Policies in support of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were launched in various Western economies in the second half of the twentieth century. This article focuses on the paradigmatic Italian case and investigates the importance of government subsidies for SMEs on firms located in a southern and a northeastern district, between 1971 and 1991. This discussion deepens our understanding of the role of national policies in the reemergence of industrial districts in the decades of the Second Industrial Divide. It also indicates the importance of firms’ utilization of subsidies and their ecosystem as complementary to the policy's effectiveness.

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8

Corò, Giancarlo, and Roberto Grandinetti. "Evolutionary patterns of Italian industrial districts." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18206.

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This paper describes the results of a survey that was carried out in nineteen industrial districts in Italy. The data collected clearly show that the districts examined are undergoing a period of transition towards configurations that diverge from the neo-Marshallian model. In the past, industrial districts functioned as rather closed local networks whose only points of contact outside their confines were established at the extremities of the district system of value. This closure to the outside environment has certainly not inhibited, until the last years, the competitive advantage of the industrial districts or the firms that operate inside them. Today, on the other hand, the competitiveness of closed local networks has to meet the increasing level of globalization in the economy. The key transformation observed in all the districts included in the survey is the opening-up of the local system of value that goes beyond the mere acquisition of raw materials or the sale of goods. In other words, the districts are relating more and more with external holders of knowledge and resources, transforming a relatively closed system of exchange at local level into something rather different.

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9

Kitay, Jim. "Book Reviews : Small Firms and Industrial Districts in Italy." Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 1 (March 1991): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569103300113.

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10

Guerrieri, Paolo, and Carlo Pietrobelli. "Industrial districts’ evolution and technological regimes: Italy and Taiwan." Technovation 24, no. 11 (November 2004): 899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4972(03)00048-8.

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11

Ramazzotti, P. "Industrial districts, social cohesion and economic decline in Italy." Cambridge Journal of Economics 34, no. 6 (December 6, 2009): 955–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bep076.

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12

Claver-Cortés, Enrique, Bartolomé Marco-Lajara, Pedro Seva-Larrosa, and Lorena Ruiz-Fernández. "Competitive advantage and industrial district." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 29, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-08-2018-0048.

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Purpose This paper aims to know the dimension and scope that research on the district effect has had in the literature about industrial districts, as well as to shed some light on the connection between industrial districts and business results; or expressed differently, on how being located in an industrial district or not affects or might influence the performance of the firms located therein. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this paper has been achieved through an exhaustive review of the empirical literature dedicated to the so-called district effect. The papers selected in the analysis were selected on the basis of the following criteria: (1) publications in scientific journals; (2) studies carried out in Spain and Italy; and (3) works published between 1994 and 2017. Findings The outcome of the literature review suggests, on the one hand, that the debate on the extent to which the territory influences the competitiveness of firms located in industrial districts still remains a topic of great interest. It can additionally be observed that most of the works dedicated to measuring the district effect have done so using three dimensions: (1) productivity/efficiency; (2) international competitiveness; and (3) innovation. Practical implications From a theoretical perspective, the findings of this paper make it possible to carry out an integrating proposal for the measurement of the district effect which revolves around three dimensions (productivity/efficiency; international competitiveness; and innovation). Originality/value This paper makes a twofold contribution to the literature: (i) it brings together the most important empirical contributions that measure the competitive advantages obtained by firms located in industrial districts through the district effect; and (ii) it theoretically and empirically establishes the essential dimensions of that effect.

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13

Rabellotti, Roberta. "Is there an “industrial district model”? Footwear districts in Italy and Mexico compared." World Development 23, no. 1 (January 1995): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(94)00103-6.

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14

Mathews, John. "Book Reviews : Industrial Districts and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy." Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 1 (March 1991): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569103300114.

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15

Spadavecchia, Anna. "Financing Industrial Districts in Italy, 1971–91: A Private Venture?" Business History 47, no. 4 (October 2005): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790500133066.

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16

Mistri, Maurizio. "Industrial districts and local governance in the Italian experience." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18207.

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This paper focuses on the problem of the governance of industrial districts in Italy. The analysis begins with an assessment of the dynamic processes that characterize the development of industrial districts, particularly as concerns the elements of a cultural nature. The relationship between local political attitudes and forms of local growth is considered, generally revealing how in the various practical examples there is a convergence between models of political behavior and the needs of the system of small enterprises. The paper ends with a brief discussion of the law 317/91, designed to establish the responsibilities and roles of the industrial districts.

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17

Rabellotti, Roberta, and Hubert Schmitz. "The Internal Heterogeneity of Industrial Districts in Italy, Brazil and Mexico." Regional Studies 33, no. 2 (April 1999): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343409950122909.

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18

Di Giacinto, Valter, Matteo Gomellini, Giacinto Micucci, and Marcello Pagnini. "Mapping local productivity advantages in Italy: industrial districts, cities or both?" Journal of Economic Geography 14, no. 2 (July 12, 2013): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt021.

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19

Bertoncin, Marina, Andrea Pase, Daria Quatrida, and Alessandra Scroccaro. "How the replica of the Italy’s Northeast Industrial District model failed in Timisoara (Romania)." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 69 (June 13, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo2018.69.05.

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Italy’s industrial districts of the Northeast are often cited as beings models of success due to their economic organisation, thus they have almost become an archetypal myth. One of the reasons for the Northeastern firms’ success is proximity (both geographical and relational), particularly with regard to the creation and development of the districts and their innovative and competitive capacity on a global scale. Our research compares the structures of proximity in Montebelluna, an industrial district in Northeast Italy, with Timisoara (in Romania), which has been one of the more favoured areas of delocalisation for Veneto firms. This comparison made it possible to focus on the non-economic categories (such as trust, face-to-face relations, cooperative attitudes, local context…) that have contributed to a large part of their success, although, in reality, they are often overvalued. Above all, the analysis reveals how these Italian industrial districts have concealed an unequal distribution of power, not only inside the firms and between the firms, but also between the firms and their delocalised territories. Today the “Northeast” model is questioned and debated; however a rethinking of regional dynamics is only possible if these hidden dimensions of district development are taken into consideration.

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20

Zeleny, Milan. "Industrial districts of Italy: Local-Network Economies in a Global-Market Web." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18201.

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21

Amatori, Franco. "Entrepreneurial Typologies in the History of Industrial Italy: Reconsiderations." Business History Review 85, no. 1 (2011): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680511000067.

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The market types that were the subject of an earlier essay in the Review are resurveyed in order to examine the changes that have occurred over the past fifty years. The entrepreneurial typologies identified then–one based on a market orientation, another that relies on state support, and a third, hybrid, approach–are still valid today. The liveliest components of the modern Italian economy, which operate as a fourth type of capitalism (mainly based on industrial districts), share features of the market typology, while, in southern Italy, the state's failure to support business is linked to the rise of organized crime. The more recent hybrid type features a new kind of actor, exemplified by Silvio Berlusconi, the central figure on the Italian political scene for almost two decades.

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22

Croce, Silvia, Elisa D’Agnolo, Mauro Caini, and Rossana Paparella. "The Use of Cool Pavements for the Regeneration of Industrial Districts." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 6322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116322.

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Industrial districts are characterized by the presence of low and extensive building volumes and by predominantly sealed, impermeable surfaces, which contribute to several environmental problems and to the deterioration of outdoor human thermal comfort conditions, especially during summer hot days. To tackle these issues, this study proposes an approach for the regeneration of industrial districts based on the application of cool materials. Reflective and evaporative pavements were selected as suitable solutions to reduce summer overheating, while ensuring the functionality required by the industrial production, and contributing to stormwater management. The effectiveness of the approach was tested in a portion of the industrial district of Padua (Italy). In summer conditions, the replacement of conventional pavements with cool materials results in a reduction of the ground surface temperatures up to 14.0 °C and a consequent decrease of the air temperature at pedestrian level between 0.6 and 1.2 °C. The effects of human thermal comfort conditions highly depend on the selected cool material and on the morphology of the urban canyon. Finally, the reduction of external surface and air temperatures also contributes in cooling indoor spaces (average decrease from 1.0 to 2.5 °C), with impacts on the energy efficiency of the industrial buildings.

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23

Palazzo, Maria, Pantea Foroudi, Alfonso Siano, and Philip J. Kitchen. "The value and significance of corporate community relations: an Italian SME perspective." Bottom Line 30, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-08-2017-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between community of place and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lombard industrial districts in Italy. Design/methodology/approach A brief literature review of international authors from the stakeholder approach and Corporate Community Relations (CCRs) field is presented. This paper refers to a survey of Lombard industrial districts conducted by ALTIS. The data were collected via a telephone survey from 834 firms. Findings The main finding is that managing CCRs is of major importance for company success. The results of the survey show that there are some tools and actions that Italian industrial district SMEs use to interact with their particular communities of place to develop effective and coherent relationships with their stakeholder groups. Moreover, although the survey shows that though SMEs do implement different CCR activities, they are not able to communicate these effectively through systematic communication strategies. However, the narrow sample includes only a sample of some Lombard districts. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that effective CCR seems to confer competitive advantage based on stakeholder responses and rewards sought. Research limitations/implications The framework could assist in supporting CCR developments between industrial districts as various players would know how to improve CCR activities. One further suggestion is that University and Research Centers could have a role to play in creating and communicating codified knowledge concerning community relations in industrial districts, while other public players still have to develop specific tasks in improving infrastructures. Originality/value This study is in line with the main focus of CCR, which is in striving to meet stakeholder and societal needs. However, industrial district SMEs have to learn how to communicate their CCR activities from the examples set by large Italian companies. The paper links the notion of CCR with tools and actions to develop meaningful relationships with both community of place and interest. Moreover, considering the survey results, a new framework for local player roles is proposed.

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24

Capasso, Marco, Lucia Cusmano, and Andrea Morrison. "The Determinants of Outsourcing and Offshoring Strategies in Industrial Districts: Evidence from Italy." Regional Studies 47, no. 4 (April 2013): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.571668.

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25

Corò, Giancarlo, and Roberto Grandinetti. "Industrial district responses to the network economy: vertical integration versus pluralist global exploration." Human Systems Management 20, no. 3 (September 3, 2001): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2001-20302.

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The major purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of global networking on Italian industrial districts (IDs). Today, in many Italian IDs we can observe a trend towards opening up the local system of value and moving beyond the pre-existent links, which district firms had little control over and were basically limited to the purchase of raw materials and the sale of finished products. These IDs are becoming an integral part of a network economy. The opening up process is particularly evident in several areas of north-east Italy. Our analysis is based on four empirical cases and indicates the IDs have responded in different ways to the change in the competitive environment.

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26

Bertolini, Paola, and Enrico Giovannetti. "Industrial districts and internationalization: the case of the agri-food industry in Modena, Italy." Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 18, no. 4 (July 2006): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985620600613761.

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27

Galluzzo, N. "AN EXPLORATION OF THE AGRO-TOWN IN THE ITALIAN COUNTRYSIDE AND RURAL DISTRICT." Trakia Journal of Sciences 20, no. 3 (2022): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547//tjs.2022.03.003.

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The primary sector has been completely reshaped by the assignation of specific functions to farmers over the last 25 years, since legislators noted the importance of quality food productions to the rural and agro-industrial sectors and formally established rural and agri-food districts as legal entities. Agro-towns and rural districts in Italy, despite their peculiarities, represent an element of continuity in the path of social and economic development of the Italian countryside, contrasting the risk of marginalisation in rural areas through a propulsive growth of social capital and human interactions. The main purpose of this research was to assess the development of rural districts in some Italian regions as a consequence of the diffusion of agro-towns. The method of investigation has been a theoretical approach aimed at assessing the diffusion of the rural districts from 2016 to 2019 and by a comparison among Italian regions using some maps. Drawing some final remarks, agro-towns represent a fundamental pillar for the growth of the rural district in Italy due to their specificities in terms of social capital and local development, which are able to give a special connotation to the surrounding rural territory in a process of economic growth. In conclusion, the model of the rural district represents a spearhead for the countryside, emphasising all the peculiarities of rural areas where the impact of agro-towns has been significant in the past. The main consequence has been a transition of agro-towns from being degraded structures, where the incidence of agricultural underemployment was high, to structures where, despite the diffusion of large estates, there is an advanced social and economic development able to create a cohesive space that works to contrast the marginalisation of the Italian countryside.

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Wild, Sarah. "The Northern League: The Self-Representation of Industrial Districts in Their Search for Regional Power." Politics 17, no. 2 (May 1997): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00039.

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The 1996 political elections have confirmed the electoral importance and stability of the Northern League in the North-east of Italy. The party's strongholds are located in ‘industrial districts’, specific socio-economic areas where local communities and small and medium businesses merge. This paper argues that the resilience and indeed increasing success of the League in these northern areas since its appearance in the 1980s can be explained largely on the basis of their industrial need to move towards a regional representation and organisation, capable of providing the services required by an increasingly competitive market.

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Archibugi, Daniele. "The global challenge to industrial districts. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Italy and Taiwan." Technovation 23, no. 11 (November 2003): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4972(03)00080-4.

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30

Marcianò, Claudio, Paolo Careri, and Enrico D'Angelillo. "An Integrated Methodology for the Identification of Agricultural Districts: A Case Study in Calabria." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.433.

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The reorganization processes within the rural areas have generated the most modern networks of relationships among agriculture, industry and service sector. Therefore, in the last decades the analysis of such areas has dealt with theories concerning agglomeration economies. In a new perspective, the protagonist of which is a multifunctional agriculture, there has been an increase in the number of actors present in the processes of planning and implementation of European rural policies. In this way, it has been possible to generate forms of local governance such as the Local Action Groups (LAGs), within the Community Leader Initiative, or other forms of governance according to the several adopted instruments of integrated planning. In Italy, inspired by the pattern of industrial districts, the Legislative Decree 228/2001 has disciplined agricultural districts. The methodology for the identification of the districts in agriculture can follow either a top-down (quantitative) approach or a bottom-up (qualitative) one. The study proposes a quali-quantitative methodology to check the vocationality to agricultural district of a large area in the province of Reggio Calabria. The results of the research show a homogeneous and cohesive area around the agro-food sector, above all in terms of employment.

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Pilotti, Luciano. "Evolutionary and adaptive local systems in North East Italy: Strategies of localized learning, open leadership and cooperation. Towards imperfect “communitarian capitalism”." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18204.

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We consider the nature of local production systems as a complex institutional form of coordination of the division of labor between firms as growing interrelations mediated by cognitve resources transferable by sharing internal/external competences. In this way emerge a process of internalization of competences thorought an evolutionary networking oriented to the efficiency of the system and not simply of single units. Our analysis is oriented to describe the peculiarity of the institutional system in the case of North East industrial districts. We assumes the North East industrial economy evolves on the basis of differentiated learning capacities, according to a complex system of economic and social relations encouraging the circulation of useful knowledge and information for economic growth and expanding both base of industrial leadership and spillover chain. The North East economy is well described in terms of a Multilevel Neural Network. This approach tends to revaluate local contexts as specific and active box of innovation resources, over simple considerations as factors of localisation, in other words a bridge between local and global resources. Learning processes and institutional contexts are variables that often seem to bind together economic and social factors. The orientation towards growth and innovation is due to the peculiarity of relationships based system existing in the district area, regarding the prevalent system (albeit incomplete) of learning strategies of both firms and institutions. This system is multi-purpose and oriented to produce through processes of both activities, self-coordination and self-learning. We have identified the “generator” of growth as meta-organisers. They comprise two classes of co-operators, not necessary alternative: innovative firms (as specialists, connectors, generators) and local institutions (private and public agents, or sub-systems of institutions), involved directly or indirectly in the process of innovation and/or to reduce costs of operations. In the last part of work we will show a simple model of differentiation of some industrial districts in North East of Italy: more efficient is the district with high level of intermediate institutions (private as firms and public as local authority and infrastructure) and with more large base of SMEs leadership. Two main forms of district emerge: the evolutionary district (for example, as Montebelluna specialised on ski-shoes business) and non evolutionary ones (adaptive district) (for example, as Maniago specialised on knives business), where we find a really limited base of leadership and constraints to enlarge division of labor between firms. We shall consider some elements related to district economies and their evolution as far as regulations are concerned, in order to show that the North East’s model of development is a peculiar form of “communitarian or social capitalism” for some aspects analogous to that of the Rhine area (a clear form of “corporatist capitalism”).

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Belussi, Fiorenza. "Path-dependency vs. industrial dynamics: an analysis of two heterogeneous districts." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18209.

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This paper studies the genesis and growth of two Italian industrial districts specialised in leather upholstered furniture. The first is of recent formation and is located on the border between two regions, Basilicata and Puglia, in the South of Italy. The second, which began during 1970s, is based in Emilia–Romagna in the area around Forlì. Both are specialised in upholstered furniture: sofas, armchairs, and others small items related to these products. The Forlì case resemble the typical Marshallian district, where, over time, a local system of small-specialised producers has formed. The case of Forlì represents a typical path dependent process. Here, a certain industrial structure, once favourable conditions has allowed it to emerge, has tended to reproduce itself, following over time the same pattern of interactions. Low levels of learning among firms is found. They use the local knowledge, historically produced within the area with little absorption and elaboration of external knowledge. On the contrary, the case of Matera–Altamura–Santeramo represents a quite new agglomeration in a rapidly growing industrial network, made up of large and medium size units, in which firms have activated a process of creation of new contextual (and localised) technical knowledge. Here local firms show a notable propensity toward generative learning (new knowledge is absorbed from the outside and combined with the existing local knowledge). Obviously, not all firms in the district are innovative, but a few of them are (particularly certain dominant final firms that head large production networks). While agent proximity favours imitative behaviours, over time, the propagation of knowledge in Forlì has socialised craft-based skills. In contrast, in Matera–Altamura–Santeramo, the existence of a Schumpeterian-driven process, has accelerated the diffusion of new knowledge, stressing the dynamics of an endogenous growth process internally generated by knowledgeable entrepreneurs. A thick network of hierarchical firms has worked as an accelerator of technical change.

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Albertini, Sergio. "Networking and division of labour – The case of industrial districts in the North–East of Italy*." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18205.

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Networking can be considered the organizational support to the learning process. The paper defines a new coordination process of the division of labour between autonomous actors and organizations, beyond the market and the hierarchical processes. Networking by means of “interactive communication” is becoming increasingly the typical organizational process in post-fordism which allows new, far-reaching, opportunities in the division of cognitive labour. The discussion of the process of exploration and exploitation of knowledge is based on two analytical dimensions: (a) the types of knowledge shared by organizations and (b) the types of roles played by different actor networks. The analytical framework shows how different specialized actors and organizations, with different tasks, are complementary as regards the effectiveness of the networking (specialists, systemists, connectors and meta-organizers). The empirical evidence – concerning the evolution of the industrial districts of the North–East of Italy towards the network form – seems to support the conceptual approach adopted.

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Marangoni, Giandemetrio, and Stefano Solari. "Flexible Specialisation 20 Years On: How the ‘Good’ Industrial Districts in Italy Have Lost Their Momentum." Competition & Change 10, no. 1 (March 2006): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/102452906x92019.

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35

Dei Ottati, Gabi. "Marshallian Industrial Districts in Italy: the end of a model or adaptation to the global economy?" Cambridge Journal of Economics 42, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bex066.

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Dei Ottati, Gabi, and Laura Grassini. "Employment Changes in Italy in the 1990s: A Comparison between Large Enterprise Areas and Industrial Districts." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 26, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 1016–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0729l.

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We examine the uneven employment changes in the Italian local labour systems (LLSs) in the 1990s. Using the 1991 and 2001 economic census data, we intend to compare the performance of different types of LLS, and particularly those of the industrial districts (IDs) and the large enterprise systems (LESs). The originality of the study lies in the territorial unit of analysis chosen: the 784 Italian LLSs. The analysed data show that, in the 1990s, the Italian IDs proved to be the country's most dynamic local systems. Moreover, the shift-and-share analysis demonstrates that the local effect in the IDs was positive enough to more than compensate for the negative industry mix. Conversely, in the LESs the local effect was so negative as to determine a total negative effect, despite the positive industry mix. We conclude with an overview of the present situation and the corresponding policy implications.

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Becattini, Giacomo, and Fulvio Coltorti. "Areas of large enterprise and industrial districts in the development of post-war Italy: A preliminary survey." European Planning Studies 14, no. 8 (September 2006): 1105–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654310600852415.

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38

Bortone, Giuseppe, Sabrina Gemelli, Andrea Tilche, Roberto Bianchi, and Giovanni Bergna. "A new approach to the evaluation of biological treatability of industrial wastewater for the implementation of the “waste design” concept." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (July 1, 1997): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0488.

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An intrinsic characteristic of the Italian industrial production system is the presence of several industrial districts with a prevalent manufacturing typology, in which several small and medium enterprises dealing with the same or similar products are concentrated in a small territory. An important textile district is localized in Como area, north of Italy. In many cases, industrial districts are served by large treatment plants that receive the majority of the pollution loading from several small and medium enterprises that do not have internal treatment facilities. The treatment fee is determined by regional regulations; commonly, the single wastewater stream connected to the sewer is billed by the sewer manager to the source industry on the basis of the flow rate and of a complex formula that takes into account a series of parameters. This method is unable to properly evaluate the relationship between treatment fee and actual treatment costs, since conventional physical-chemical and biochemical parameters are not necessarily linked to wastewater treatability. New advanced respirometric methodologies could be used as wastewater characterization techniques, since they are particularly suited to represent the effect of a given wastewater on the final wastewater treatment plant. Hence, they could be better correlated to treatment costs. The instrument developed is composed of two parallel moving bed continuous flow completely mixed reactors of the working volume of about 5 l each, equipped with oxygen sensors connected to a computer that acts as a controller and as a data acquisition and processing unit. Some examples of experimental results obtained with synthetic waste and with real sewage are presented.

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Festa, Giuseppe, Matteo Rossi, Ashutosh Kolte, and Mario Situm. "Territory-based knowledge management in international marketing processes – the case of “Made in Italy” SMEs." European Business Review 32, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-06-2019-0129.

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Purpose This study aims to analyze the territory as a distinctive factor through which the concept and practice of “Made in Italy” operates. Specifically, the study considers the role of local and sub-national entrepreneurial collaborations that preserve and enhance factors such as history, style and talent as the essence of Italian “quality” and as the pillar of Italian territorial capitalism. Design/methodology/approach The research examines this Italian phenomenon by investigating small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that successfully compete abroad (and also in the domestic market) with a “glocal” approach, adopting the entrepreneurial formula of industrial districts. Findings The results indicate that international expansion is becoming increasingly more complex (as is every growth/development strategy) but that “glocalism” could represent a potential driver for the success of internationalization strategies. Specifically, for SMEs operating in industrial districts, territorial capitalism could emerge as a unique competitive factor, because it is a component of local structural capital and global reputational capital, as in the case of “Made in Italy.” Originality/value In an increasingly globalized market environment, many companies look to foreign markets to maintain and expand competitive advantage and business performance. Once the companies embark on this endeavor, organizations are involved in governing and managing these networks of finance, production and communication and the distribution-related relationships that constitute globalization. The push to engage in international development is currently imperative for SMEs, which need to extend their business engagement beyond conventional local markets and identify and exploit their distinctive competitive advantage to be able to succeed. One possible way of achieving this is the close interaction with the local territories in which these enterprises reside.

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Pirastu, Roberta, Pietro Comba, Ivano Iavarone, Amerigo Zona, Susanna Conti, Giada Minelli, Valerio Manno, et al. "Environment and Health in Contaminated Sites: The Case of Taranto, Italy." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/753719.

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The National Environmental Remediation programme in Italy includes sites with documented contamination and associated potential health impacts (National Priority Contaminated Sites—NPCSs). SENTIERI Project, an extensive investigation of mortality in 44 NPCSs, considered the area of Taranto, a NPCS where a number of polluting sources are present. Health indicators available at municipality level were analyzed, that is, mortality (2003–2009), mortality time trend (1980–2008), and cancer incidence (2006-2007). In addition, the cohort of individuals living in the area was followed up to evaluate mortality (1998–2008) and morbidity (1998–2010) by district of residence. The results of the study consistently showed excess risks for a number of causes of death in both genders, among them: all causes, all cancers, lung cancer, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic. An increased infant mortality was also observed from the time trends analysis. Mortality/morbidity excesses were detected in residents living in districts near the industrial area, for several disorders including cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. These coherent findings from different epidemiological approaches corroborate the need to promptly proceed with environmental cleanup interventions. Most diseases showing an increase in Taranto NPCS have a multifactorial etiology, and preventive measures of proven efficacy (e.g., smoking cessation and cardiovascular risk reduction programs, breast cancer screening) should be planned. The study results and public health actions are to be communicated objectively and transparently so that a climate of confidence and trust between citizens and public institutions is maintained.

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Mutinelli, Marco, and Sergio Mariotti. "L'evoluzione delle imprese multinazionali italiane e il ruolo del quarto capitalismo." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001008.

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- The purpose of this article is to outline the evolution of Italian multinational firms during the 2001-2007 period. The descriptive statistics show that a selected group of medium-sized firms has outperformed the other Italian multinationals in terms of growth rate. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of the emergence in Italy of the so-called "fourth capitalism", as an alternative successful model to both the industrial districts and the large chandlerian corporations. Some limits of this structural evolution are also discussed. Keywords: foreign direct investments (FDIs), Italian multinational firms Parole chiave: investimenti diretti esteri (IDE), imprese multinazionali italiane Jel Classification: F23

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Bevilacqua, Paolo, Matteo Fermeglia, Luca Toneatti, and Salvatore Dore. "“The Italian Job”: Approaching and Tackling Diffuse Soil Pollution in the EU and the Italian Context." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 15, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01502002.

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Diffuse soil pollution is an example of damage caused by human activities and can be understood in the urban context as a combination of causes due to the presence of various and multiple sources of contamination, such as: car traffic, industrial activities and heating. Importantly, the steadfast expansion of city districts over time has brought either industrial activities to enclose residential areas or (although in a few cases) neighborhoods to envelop previously highly industrialized areas. In Italy, both phenomena represent a widely acknowledged reality, e.g., the municipalities of Taranto and Trieste. Yet, despite the widespread awareness of the impact of this form of pollution on natural resources and human health, EU environmental legislation depicts an overall picture of fragmentation and poor coordination. Thus, Italian local administrations are striving to devise appropriate methodologies and planificatory measures to bridge such regulatory gap and ultimately find an adequate and comprehensive solution to the problem.

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Settembre Blundo, Davide, Fernando Enrique García-Muiña, Martina Pini, Lucrezia Volpi, Cristina Siligardi, and Anna Maria Ferrari. "Sustainability as source of competitive advantages in mature sectors." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-07-2018-0038.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how sustainability can become a source of competitive advantage for mature manufacturing sectors where technologies are standardized, and innovation is mainly generated across the value chain and not by individual companies.Design/methodology/approachFrom the methodological point of view, this research estimates the sustainability status of ceramic production in the Sassuolo district (Italy), using the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) model, and changing the observation point for the analysis, from the enterprise (micro level) to the entire sector (meso level).FindingsThis paper provides an analysis of the environmental, economic and social impacts of the four main types of ceramic tiles manufactured in Italy, both in aggregate terms for the entire sector and per square meter of product.Practical implicationsThe methodological approach used in this research is easy to replicate both for companies when designing their sustainability strategies and for public decision makers when assessing the sustainability performance of a sector or supply chain.Social implicationsFor the first time, a socio-economic impact assessment is proposed for the ceramic sector, conducted in parallel with the environmental impact assessment through stakeholder mapping and prioritization.Originality/valueThis paper conceptualizes the theme of relations and interdependencies between ceramic producers organized in industrial districts and the territories in which they operate in order to determine empirically the sustainability performance of Italian ceramic sector, using the LCSA model with a territorial extension that presupposes an innovative contribution to current literature and practice.

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Caretti, C., E. Coppini, E. Fatarella, and C. Lubello. "Membrane filtration and sonication for industrial wastewater reuse." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2500–2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.800.

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This paper presents an experimental study aimed at estimating the efficiency of the innovative process of ultrafiltration (UF) combined with sonication (Son.) for the refinement of treated effluent to be reused in wet textile processes. Such a novel approach, which has not yet been employed on a full industrial scale, has been experienced at pilot scale on the secondary effluent of the Baciacavallo wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), which treats part of the effluent from one of the largest textile industry districts in Italy. The combined treatment efficiency was assessed both on ozonated and non-ozonated Baciacavallo secondary effluent. The membrane filtration process was optimized in terms of running time, backwash, chemical addition and cleaning procedures. The sonication treatment was optimized on laboratory-scale with synthetic solutions (demineralized water added with dyestuffs) in terms of hydroxyl radicals formation rate, frequency, acoustic power, hydrogen peroxide addition, contact time and pH. The optimal conditions have been applied on the pilot-scale sonicator which was used in combination with the UF treatment. According to the experimental results, the best configuration within the Baciacavallo WWTP was the sonication of non-ozonated wastewater followed by the UF. The combined treatment guaranteed the compliance with the target values for wastewater reuse in wet textile industries. This study is part of the Research Project PURIFAST (Purification of industrial and mixed wastewater by combined membrane filtration and sonochemical technologies) LIFE + ENV/IT/000439.

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Pisello, Anna Laura, Veronica Lucia Castaldo, Federico Rossi, and Franco Cotana. "Cool Clay Tiles in Italian Residential Districts: Investigation of the Coupled Thermal-Energy and Environmental Effects." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development. 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v1i1.25.

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Passive strategies for environmental sustainability and energy reduction in the construction industry are becoming increasingly important in, both, the scientific community and the industrial world. Particularly, cool roofs demonstrate acknowledged contribution in cooling energy saving and reducing urban overheating such as urban heat island. Additionally, high albedo strategy has shown promising benefits from a global perspective by counteracting global warming measured by means of CO2eq emission offset. In this view, the present research work combines experimental, numerical, and analytical analysis approaches to measure the impact on energy and the environment from the application of cool clay tiles over the roof of a residential buildings located in central Italy, consistently monitored since 2010. The purposeful investigation demonstrated a consistent CO2 emission compensation of more than 700 tons, 15% of which is produced by the passive cooling contribution of buildings and climate mitigation techniques. The work, therefore, indicated that local energy saving strategies must be combined with larger scale models for performing an exhaustive environmental analysis.

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Verheul, Ingrid, Martin Carree, and Enrico Santarelli. "Regional Opportunities and Policy Initiatives for New Venture Creation." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 27, no. 5 (September 22, 2009): 608–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242609338757.

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This article investigates the determinants of new venture creation across industries and locations for 103 Italian provinces between 1997 and 2003. Allowing for differences in regional opportunities across industries, we investigate the impact of a range of factors, including policy initiatives, on new firm formation in manufacturing, retailing and wholesaling, hotels and restaurants. Our results show that regions with industrial districts are characterized by higher start-up rates in manufacturing and that wage costs deter entry in this industry. Firm entry in commercial sectors appears to be higher in large cities and areas with strong economic progress. For hotels and restaurants we find that tourism positively influences new firm formation. We do not find a significant effect of recently introduced regional laws promoting new firm formation in Italy.

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Rubino, Michele, and Filippo Vitolla. "Implications of Network Structure on Small Firms’ Performance: Evidence from Italy." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 4 (March 19, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n4p46.

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The aim of this paper is to examine whether and how some structural characteristics of the Italian Network contract (NC) influence small firms’ performance. Since the ‘70s Italy has had a long history of network alliances characterized by the establishment of the industrial districts. However, this type of informal agreements have proved to be inadequate to counter the effects of globalization and of the changes that have occured in the international economic scenario. Consequently, the legislator has enacted the law n. 33/2009 by introducing a new type of formal agreement, named NC, in order to increase firms' competitiveness. Research findings on the Italian NC have shown the existence of positive effects on firms’ performance. However, in most cases the analyses have been based on a limited number of firms and have not verified the influence of some network structural characteristics. This research wishes to fill this gap by increasing the existing literature on the subject. The empirical analysis, based on a firm level panel data, highlights that in networks composed of small firms the results are not always consistent with prior studies. Network characteristics differently influence the firms’ performance measures. The analysis shows that network diversity and network's geographical openness are negatively related to firms’ performance. Instead, network size has a limited impact on firms' performance expressed only by the ROA.

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Cappellin, Riccardo. "Knowledge Economy and Service Activities." SCIENZE REGIONALI, no. 3 (October 2009): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/scre2009-003006.

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- (Paper first received, May 2009; in final form, July 2009)This paper identifies some paths in the evolution of the international and mainly European literature on service activities, and it seeks to relate them to the emerging interest in the cognitive dimension of innovation processes. In particular, it indicates the contributions of Italian researchers who have actively participated in this international debate and in some cases anticipated new perspectives which have then been adopted by other researchers. A characteristic of these contributions is the link between the analysis of services sectors and the spatial characteristics of Italy, such as the diffusion of industrial districts made up of SME specialized in medium technology sectors and the evolution of the Italian urban system consisting of numerous small and medium-sized cities.Keywords: services, KIBS, innovation, knowledge economy, urbanization economiesJEL Classification: R3, L8, O3

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Bianchi, Giulia. "Un crocevia di distretti: la realtŕ economica della provincia di Lucca." ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, no. 1 (December 2012): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ep2010-001007.

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Interest in the «district» form arose, in Italy, in the context of the debate on the role of small businesses in the Italian and international economy, and intensified during the decade from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, when the increasing efficiency of new types of industrialization began to make itself felt. Attention focused on the industrial district as an organizational model of systems characterized by numerous local small and medium-sized businesses capable of offsetting the disadvantage of the smaller production scale by developing a system of external economies. Such businesses were thus able to manage complex processes of decomposition/integration of the production cycle through units specialized in individual stages of production within a social context that could absorb the impact of pronounced division of labour. The potential of the district prompted observers not only to endeavour to identify industrial districts within the Italian economic system, but also to analyse their functioning in order to determine their characteristics in terms of efficiency and competitiveness on local, domestic and international markets. This paper, set within the above-described perspective, aims to analyse the Tuscan district system as an example of a flexible and lean specialisation, with particular reference to the Province of Lucca, taking into account the background of change, evolution and downturns that influenced the Italian economy from the first oil crisis (1973) up to the Treaty of Maastricht (1992). Additionally, emphasis is placed on a comparison with the interpretive model proposed by Giacomo Becattini, whose assessment is shown to succeed in encompassing the ongoing economic transformations and is particularly effective in depicting the specificity of the Tuscan case, destined to survive the pressures of international competition. In the present author's view the district, far from constituting a recipe valid exclusively on a local scale and during expansionary phases, represents an effective answer to a scenario increasingly - and more and more intensely - affected by economic transformations that can have a major impact.

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Papillon, Benoît Mario. "Cossentino, Francesco, Frank Pike et Werner Sengenberger, dir., Local and Regional Response to Global Pressure : The Case of Italy and its Industrial Districts." Relations industrielles 52, no. 2 (1997): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051178ar.

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