Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial designers – Cross-cultural studies'
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1
Maclean, Kate. "Fashion in Bolivia’s cultural economy." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877918821233.
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This article explores the development of Chola Paceña fashions in La Paz, Bolivia. It traces the social and political lineage of the distinctive pollera dress, and its role in traditions that continue to underpin Aymaran social networks and economies, while it is simultaneously becoming a symbol of their consumer power. Bolivian gross domestic product (GDP) has tripled since 2006, and this wealth has accumulated in the vast urban informal markets which are dominated by people of indigenous and mestizo descent. It is predictable that such a rise in consumption power should enable a burgeoning fashion industry. However, the femininities represented by the designs, the models and the designers place in sharp relief gendered and racialized constructions of value, and how the relationship between tradition, culture and economy has been configured in scholarly work on creative labour, which has been predominantly based on the experience of post-industrial cities in the global North.
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Kurniawan, Michael Nathaniel. "Rethinking Art, Design, and Cultural History for the Indonesian Design Education and Creative Economy." Humaniora 10, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v10i2.5465.
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This research used extensive literature reviews of the history of Design HE, Art and Design History, Creative and Cultural Industries, Cultural Heritage Studies, and Design Studies to rethink the history, concepts, and common teaching practices of Art, Design, and Cultural History within the Design HE curriculum, especially for the Visual Communication Design Undergraduate program as it contributed to almost all of the creative industries’ sub-sectors. It is discovered that since the Industrial Revolution, the Design HE, the art and cultural museum, and the economy actually shares a strong correlation that has long been rejected and mostly forgotten. Exploring this correlation helps to determine the role of cultural heritage in the creative economy and to position Indonesian cultural heritage as central in the design curriculum. On this account, Art, Design, and Cultural History subject(s) should encourage designers to create new designs as active efforts to preserve past cultural values that also function as creative and critical interventions towards the global creative economy phenomenon.
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Davis, Tracy C. "Laborers of the Nineteenth-Century Theater: The Economies of Gender and Industrial Organization." Journal of British Studies 33, no. 1 (January 1994): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386043.
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In the purview of theater history, as on the theatrical stage itself, performers' and writers' command on attention is almost complete. Ancient Greek gave a word to its mask builders (skeuopoio), but apart from distinct vocabulary, history leaves few traces of theatrical laborers. A glance through any number of theatrical books, periodicals, bibliographies, biographical guides, and encyclopedias reveals the predominance of performers in the public eye, though managers, directors, designers, and critics occasionally attract scholarly studies. Even among novels, journalism, and theatrical guidebooks—genres that venture behind the scenes—the personnel that dress, light, paint, and build shows are rarely present. Their identity and labor is marginalized in the annals because it is marginalized in the conceptualization of what is important in theater production. Susan Todd takes unusual measures to challenge this tradition by documenting the experience of women stage managers in the contemporary theater, but in the historical realm this has not been attempted. Writers devote attention to how the stage actually worked (how stage effects were achieved and how the creative chain of command functioned), but to date no one has examined the structures and traditions of backstage labor by asking basic questions about the sociopolitical organization of the work.Only in highly esoteric treatises or the lightest of literature do theatrica jewelers, armorers, weavers, hosiers, basket makers, shoemakers, furnishers, cosmeticians, perruquiers, costumiers, seamsters, dressers, property makers, carpenters, gas fitters, printers, or ticket takers usually appear. These are all specialized trades and occupations indispensable to the building and running of nineteenth-century theatrical entertainment.
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Giustino, Cathleen M. "Industrial Design and the Czechoslovak Pavilion at EXPO ’58: Artistic Autonomy, Party Control and Cold War Common Ground." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422371.
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The socialist industrial designs displayed in Czechoslovakia’s EXPO ’58 pavilion spoke a visual language understood on both sides of the Iron Curtain, making the pavilion a site of common ground between East and West. The showcase was also a point of convergence between Czechoslovak visual artists and Communist Party authorities who engaged in complex political negotiations in the years after Stalin’s death. Visual artists vied for liberation from socialist realism’s constraints, although they kept their demands within limits to avoid risking Party backlash. Communist Party leaders wanted domestic stability and saw improving the living standard as a tactic for insuring popular support. They increasingly perceived industrial design to be a visual-arts activity with special promise. Well-designed furniture, textiles, glass, ceramics and other consumer goods could generate state income useful for raising the living standard at home and earning hard currency abroad. The Party needed the designers’ cooperation to achieve efficient, attractive production within the command economy. In the Brussels showcase communist authorities compromised with visual artists helping to insure the latter’s support and success, demonstrating that culture in postwar Czechoslovakia was not merely imposed ‘from above’ by omnipotent authorities but could be the outcome of multidirectional negotiations between various competing interests.
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Gyurkovich, Mateusz, and Jacek Gyurkovich. "New Housing Complexes in Post-Industrial Areas in City Centres in Poland Versus Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection—With a Particular Focus on Cracow." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010418.
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The cityscape changes constantly, reflecting the socio-economic conditions of a given urbanised area—both globally and in any given country. Post-industrial buildings and complexes have been its important elements since the nineteenth century. At present, many of them are undergoing adaptive reuse. The oldest, which are parts of post-industrial heritage and define the local identity, are now located in city centres. Some are revitalised and often adapted into multi-family housing. This paper fills a gap in the research on revitalised areas in Polish city centres, especially the ones converted into housing. It notes the links between these projects with elements of urban green-blue infrastructure, as well as the methods of protection of the reused postindustrial heritage. Studies from 2000–2020 on Polish multi-family housing architecture prove that the quality of buildings and semi-public green spaces is becoming increasingly important to developers and buyers. Properly used and exposed post-industrial heritage can contribute to raising the attractiveness of such spaces. In combination with city greenery systems, they can form attractive townscape sequences, as proven by Cracow cases. The paper’s conclusions indicate that the preservation and exposition of post-industrial heritage in newly built housing complexes is affected by numerous factors. The most important of these are legal determinants based on both state-level and local law. Economic factors also play a major role, as they directly affect projects. The skills and talent of designers who can create unique proposals that expose surviving relicts and a given place’s genius loci even in the most restrictive of economic and legal conditions, are also not without significance.
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De Medici, Stefania. "Italian Architectural Heritage and Photovoltaic Systems. Matching Style with Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042108.
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Rehabilitation and management of pre-industrial architectural heritage over time has played a central role in the international scientific debate since the 1970s. In light of the experience gained in this field, the challenge of a controlled and consistent integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) requires a careful reflection on the compatibility criteria between new technologies and traditional building’s identity. Several of these technologies, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, need to be placed on the building envelope or in appropriate outdoor areas, altering the architectural image and the landscape. Therefore, the characteristics of each building and its context should lead designers to choose solutions able to balance the need for increased energy production from RES with the need for preserving the identity of architectural heritage and landscape. A preliminary evaluation of rehabilitation projects allows to improve building sustainability and, in the meanwhile, to prevent any irreversible alteration of the cultural heritage. With reference to Italian case studies and guidelines for improving sustainability in energy production, the paper leads to identify evaluation criteria for the introduction of PV systems in pre-industrial buildings. Such criteria, which are based on architectural heritage values, allow for assessing the consistency of the building envelope alteration with conservation issues, in projects involving PV and, generally, solar technologies that need to be integrated with the building envelope.
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Nas, Emine. "The problematic of tradition and future in art and design education." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 8, no. 3 (August 24, 2018): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v8i3.635.
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In recent years, the traditional motifs and conceptual approach to the apparent authenticity of the design quality is observed that used in many areas. In this way, the tradition established in the future synthesis has led to the formation of a free and original design. This synthesis, design resources training in the artistic development of the individual and provide the best research and questioning the reasons that created them.Thus; new ideas to new situations, new problems have emerged in the need to turn to different events and phenomena. This method and the proliferation of studies aimed at the promotion of Turkish cultural heritage is undoubtedly will be at the forefront of higher quality products.The suggestions of ‘interpreting the traditional designs’ and the comprehension of what is ‘traditional’, which are proposed by some academics and designers are evaluated with a critical approach. The subject is examined within the frame of traditionalist suggestions offered from the time of the Ottomans till today, with the conceptions of the Western science, culture, art and design developed through the period of the Industrial Revolution.
Keywords: Design; Education; Tradition; Problem
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Quinones-Gomez, Juan Carlos. "CREATIVITY FORWARD: A FRAMEWORK THAT INTEGRATES DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES TO FOSTER CREATIVITY WITHIN THE CREATIVE PROCESS IN USER EXPERIENCE CONTEXTS." Creativity Studies 14, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2021.12933.
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The latest technological advancements allow users to generate a large volume of data related to their experiences and needs. However, the absence of an advanced methodology that links the big data and the creative process prevents the effective use of the data and extracting all its potential and knowledge in this context, which is crucial in offering user-centred solutions. Incorporating data creatively and critically as design material can help us learn and understand user needs better. Therefore, design can bring deeper meaning to data, just as data can enhance design practice. Accordingly, this work raises a reflection on whether designers could appropriate the workflow of data science in order to integrate it into the research process in the creative process within a framework of user experience analysis. The proposed model: data-driven design model, enhances the exploratory design of problem space and assists in the creation of ideas during the conceptual design phase. In this way, this work offers an integrated vision, enhancing creativity in industrial design as an instrument for the achievement of the proper and necessary balance between intuition and reason, design, and science.
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Nguyen, Trong-Ha, and Duy-Duan Nguyen. "Reliability Assessment of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams considering Metal Corrosion Effects." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8817809.
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Steel-concrete composite (SCC) beams have been widely used in civil engineering and industrial structures. This kind of structure has some advantages such as fast fabrication time and optimized weight. However, designers are often concerned about the initial reliability, while over time the structural reliability will be reduced, especially due to metal corrosion. The objective of the paper is to assess the structural reliability of corroded SCC beams, in which the input parameters are considered as random variables. The SCC beam has been designed according to Eurocode-4 (EC-4), in which input parameters consist of cross-sectional dimensions of the beam, material properties, and applied loads. The effects of the random input variables on the reliability of structures are evaluated by sensitivity analyses, which are calculated by the global sensitivity analysis using Sobol’s method and Monte Carlo simulation. The developed reliability analysis algorithm in this study is verified with previous studies, highlighting the capability of the used method. Four different corrosion levels, which are pristine, 10-year, 20-year, and 50-year, are considered in the sensitivity analyses of the SCC beam. Finally, a series of first-order and total-order Sobol’s indices are obtained for measuring the sensitivity of input parameters with four corrosion levels.
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Beck, John, and Ryan Bishop. "The Return of the Art and Technology Lab." Cultural Politics 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-6609102.
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In North America, there are over one hundred programs and labs committed to collaborative experimentation in art and technology. This article examines the current prominence of art and technology labs in the context of the resurgence of collaborative practice in the arts, not only between artists, but also among a wide range of cross-disciplinary groupings of designers, scientists, engineers, scholars, and others. The push for collaboration in the arts is part of a recalibration of the meaning of “research” as it is understood by arts practitioners, and among the legacies of institutional critique has been the expanded engagement of artists in contexts that move beyond galleries and museums and into, among other places, universities, businesses, science and tech labs, and research facilities. At the same time, the massive growth of the tech sector has given rise to a new generation of speculative research enterprise, from Google to SpaceX, which shares, to some degree, the expansive research and development horizons of advanced art. Some of the most prominent current art and tech projects explicitly draw on the legacy of precursor programs from the 1960s to establish a lineage and to confer art historical legitimacy on the new versions. This article examines two art and tech projects, at MIT and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), and their strategic deployment of their 1960s antecedents: György Kepes’s Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) and Maurice Tuchman’s Art & Technology program (A&T), respectively. This examination argues that the loss of a radical vision that preceded the 1960s labs rendered them untenable and explores how the art and technology labs furthered a larger shift from progressive liberalism to neoliberalism. While these earlier projects were short-lived and the targets of considerable criticism, not least because of their connections with military and corporate clients, in the twenty-first century the legacies of CAVS and A&T have been unproblematically reclaimed. Contemporary art and tech projects, we argue, are in danger of succumbing to the same techno-utopianism as their 1960s iterations, and the same military-industrial allegiances that tainted the earlier projects continue to underpin twenty-first-century collaborations.
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Wan, Qian, Qianwen Hu, Bingwan Chen, Hai Fang, Qing Ke, and Shasha Song. "Study on the Visual Cognition of Laminated Bamboo Furniture." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00063.
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Abstract Laminated bamboo furniture is high in ecological value and low in overall cost, exhibiting broad prospects for industrial development. Studies have been conducted on human visual cognition of wood and textiles but not of glue-laminated bamboo materials. This study employed a subjective questionnaire and eye-tracking technology to explore the effect of the laminated bamboo furniture surface characteristics on human visual cognition. The results indicate that the fixation count and total fixation duration of caramelized glue-laminated bamboo materials were higher than those of natural colors; participants tend to pay more attention to the colors of glue-laminated bamboo surfaces than to their textures. Although no significant differences have been identified between the overall evaluations attributed to various types of glue-laminated bamboo, within specific cognitive dimensions, participants evaluate natural and caramelized colors differently. Natural glue-laminated bamboo furniture is associated with a greater sense of usability and cultural design in participants' visual cognition, whereas caramelized glue-laminated bamboo furniture is associated with a greater sense of beauty. Total fixation duration and fixation count for the surface characteristics of laminated bamboo furniture are positively correlated with participants' subjective visual appraisals. The longer it takes for participants to notice a laminated bamboo furniture product and the more frequently they fix their gaze on it, the more favorable their evaluation of the product is. These research findings provide a reference to designers for the design of laminated bamboo furniture.
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Soledad-Acosta, Nelly. "EL DISEÑADOR GRÁFICO EN LOS PROCESOS DE COMUNICACIÓN:¿MEDIADOR O INTERMEDIARIO?" DISEÑO ARTE Y ARQUITECTURA, no. 9 (December 21, 2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/daya.v1i9.337.
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Jesús Martín Barbero, gran teórico de la comunicación y los medios, habla sobre el trabajo de los comunicadores sociales y plantea que ellos deben pasar de ser “intermediarios a ser mediadores y participantes en la construcción de otra sociedad”. Se sabe, por otra parte, que el diseñador gráfico es un comunicador que, profesionalmente debe usar estrategias, conocimientos, habilidades y competencias para desempeñar su rol en la industria cultural. Esta industria es un fenómeno que encierra las transformaciones de la sociedad de hoy, en temas como la cultura, la globalización y la información; por lo que es merecedora de análisis sobre los modos de producción, comercialización, reproducción y conservación de bienes y servicios simbólicos. Los diseñadores gráficos, inmersos en la comunicación, la industria cultural y el diseño, viven la velocidad y la tecnologización del mundo globalizado; su práctica profesional se ha transformado en muchos sentidos, llegando hoy a nuevas categorizaciones de la industria cultural y creativa. Uno de estos es el museo, que ha evolucionado en muchos sentidos también, hasta ser clasificado como parte de las dinámicas de la industria cultural y un lugar más que favorable el desempeño del diseño y la comunicación. Este trabajo establece que las convergencias y metamorfosis que están definiendo al museo de hoy (como ejemplo de una industria cultural) se traslapan con las transformaciones en el desempeño del diseñador gráfico como comunicador profesional y que, como tal, desempaña un rol que lo coloca como mediador o como intermediario – recogiendo las ideas de Martin-Barbero-; según sean las dinámicas de su entorno y la propia lectura o identidad que tenga de su labor. La reflexión devela también mutuas relaciones y nuevas configuraciones en la trilogía en la que se enmarca la tarea del diseñador gráfico, estudiadas desde la perspectiva de la comunicación, entendida esta como un sistema para la reproducción del capital simbólico.
Palabras clave: Diseñadores gráficos, comunicación, industria cultural y creativa, comunicador-mediador, comunicador-intermediario.AbstractJesus Martin Barbero talks about the work of social communicators, suggesting that they go from being intermediaries to mediators and participants in the construction of a different society. This leads to the understanding of graphic designers as communicator-mediators who professionally use strategies, knowledge, skills and competencies to play a leading role in the cultural industry. This industry is a phenomenon that hosts the transformations of current society, on issues such as culture, globalization and information. It is the repository of discussions on the modes of production, marketing, reproduction and conservation of goods and symbolic services. Graphic designers, who also work as professional communicators, are immersed in the speed and technology of the globalized world. His practice has changed in many ways, reaching today to new environments such as cultural and creative industry. One of these environments is the museum, which has evolved in many ways also, to be classified today as part of the dynamics of the cultural industry and itself as a favorable place for the performance of the graphic designer. This work established the convergences and metamorphosis that define museums today by overlaping with the changes in the performance of a graphic designer as a professional communicator. The study also reveals interrelationships and new configurations studied from the perspective of communication. It is understood as a system for the reproduction of symbolic capital and mediator in the context of the cultural industry.
Keywords: Graphic designers, communication, cultural and creative industry, communicator-mediator.
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Lewis, Van Dyk. "Using autopoiesis to discover the birth of fashion." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00068_1.
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How personal and social fashion might be formed at a nascent level is detectable in the Mursi and Omo people. These groups remained within the African continent after its post-Pangaea formation; the Mursi and Omo have retained practices and beliefs that hitherto have not been considered critical to the formation of fashion. Fashion scholarship has followed a limited version of history that permeates museology, teaching and fashion design. Its impetus responds to the idea that fashion was formed in Bruges, Belgium, during the birth of capitalism, between 1280 and 1390. Clothes created before 1280 in non-European settings has generally been regarded as costume, hence the epistemological gap that stymies an inclusivity scholarship. This development has ramifications for a reconsideration of when the historical gaze commences, and where geographically it falls. Indeed, fashion is reconsidered to be inordinately autochthonous. This is an examination of post-structuralism as applied to a visual system via human presentation and social autopoiesis, a system that reproduces itself and does so without requiring external operations for the system for continuation. The activity of fashion visualized is examined as a claim of a live system that stresses the study of the individual and the group as an activity for self-actualization. The relative freedom in which the Mursi and Omo peoples of Ethiopia create fashion is discussed as opposed to the lack of autonomy available to formal fashion designers working in the West and particularly those being trained and educated in fashion schools. This article refutes Barthesian concepts of fashion for three reasons. First, Barthes grounded his scope within the venture of the fashion industrial complex and its profit agenda, served by mechanisms such as fashion photography, advertising and promotion. Second, Barthes’ work concerns an exposition of semiotics where fashion is merely the subject of containment. Lastly, the establishment of fashion is a creative act concerning the human body, since no evidence can be proffered to decipher which came first – human making marks on the land, trees or cave walls, or mark-making on live human skin. I proceed with the idea that the Omo provide a glimpse of the birth of fashion in that they make the step of distancing themselves from nature by re-creating themselves as objectified and in the world.
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Radvan, Caterina. "Inclusively Designed Womenswear through Industrial Seamless Knitting Technology." Fashion Practice 5, no. 1 (May 2013): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175693813x13559997788727.
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Muñoz-Leiva, Francisco, Xavier Mayo-Muñoz, and Andrea De la Hoz-Correa. "Adoption of homesharing platforms: a cross-cultural study." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 1, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-01-2018-0007.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that affect consumer adoption of new ways of sharing accommodation services. Moreover, the authors study the influence of culture, more specifically the uncertainty avoidance (UA) dimension, on relationships between variables in a proposed adoption model.Design/methodology/approachThe structural equation analysis method is used to verify the proposed model. The data were collected from a panel of Spanish and Vietnamese internet users. The survey yielded a total of 418 responses for the data analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that subjective norms and ease of use exert an effect on perceived usefulness and that intention to use affects actual use in all the groups analyzed. Furthermore, UA has a moderating effect on the adoption of homesharing platforms (HSPs).Research limitations/implicationsA larger sample and a random sampling would facilitate a more accurate generalization of the results obtained for each country. The practical implications identified in this research, along with its limitations and future research opportunities, are interesting both for scholars, service providers and designers of HSPs.Originality/valueThis study bridges a gap in the current research by increasing understanding of the role of the cultural dimensions in a technological innovation adoption model for an HSP. It also takes into account the effect of perceived risk, a dimension that has not been included in previous studies.
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Abdulsalam Mustafa, Sumayah, Mohd Zulham Affandi bin Mohd Zahid, and Md Hadli bin Abu Hassan. "Cross Section Optimization of Plane Truss among Different Spans." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.1.
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Cross sectional areas optimization is to be implemented to study the influence of the cross section shape on the optimum truss weight. By the aid of analysis and design engines with advanced finite element analysis that is the steel design software STAAD. Four rolled steel sections (angle, tube, channel, and pipe) which are used in industrial roof trusses are applied for comparison. Many previous studies, use the areas of cross sections as design variables without highlight to the shape of cross section at the start of the process, consequently the result area will be adequate if the designer choose the effective shape than others. Results of this research show that the chosen cross section shape has a significant impact on the optimum truss weight for same geometry of truss type under the same circumstances of loading and supports.
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Messell, Tania. "Globalization and Design Institutionalization: ICSID’s XIth Congress and the Formation of ALADI, 1979." Journal of Design History 32, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epy040.
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Abstract The International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) was founded in London in 1957 to raise the professional status of designers and to establish international standards for the profession. By the 1970s the Council had expanded its attempts to rationalize local production processes in developing countries and spur their entry into international markets, in line with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization’s (UNIDO) programme. As this article reveals, Latin America represented a crucial zone of intervention for the ICSID, whose efforts culminated in a congress held in Mexico City in 1979, organized around the theme ‘Industrial Design and Human Development’. The event nevertheless exposed heightened concerns about ICSID’s development policies and centralized structure, alongside the creation of the Latin American design organization ALADI by a circle of Latin American designers, who promulgated the benefits of place-based design practice and regional cooperation towards Latin America’s economic and cultural independence. Mapping ICSID’s initiatives in the region in the 1970s and examining the multifarious reception of the Council’s design precepts by Latin American design circles, this article highlights how processes of translation shaped their interactions, ultimately countering a ‘diffusionist’ model of cross-cultural exchanges.
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Backlund, Ann-Katrin. "Customizing Technology Transfer: Lessons to be Learned from Comparative Cross Cultural Studies." Journal of Industrial Relations 48, no. 5 (November 2006): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185606070111.
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This article highlights the old wisdom that technology is socially constructed. By using examples from a study of how German machinery manu-facturing firms and North American user industries act and think while developing and implementing advanced technology, and reflecting on these examples to elucidate Swedish manufacturing culture, the study highlights how knowledge about industrial behaviour can only be made visible by comparative studies, since only in relief - in contrast with something different - can the ‘taken for granted’ behaviour be identified. It is argued that identifying the prevailing industrial behaviour in a region opens up the possibility not only of identifying different strategies in inter-firm contacts but also of mastering them. Engineering that could ‘customize’ not only technology but also the interaction with customers and differentiate the service for different markets would have a competitive advantage.
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Hula, Yevhen, and Alla Osadcha. "Features of the impact of design on the progress of humanity." Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, no. 21 (March 10, 2020): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.01.
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Background. Within the framework of art-historical discourse, the peculiarities of the influence of design developments and concepts on progress of humanity are considered. Researchers offer ambiguous estimates of this phenomenon, discussions are lasting and different opinions on the issues of influence of design on technological and cultural progress of human society are putting forward. The aim of the paper is to systematize and generalize scientific concepts about the design role in the society progress. Novelty of the research consisting in synthesis of information on features of development of design for the last years in various spheres of culture and social practice defines its practical significance: the Ukrainian educators and art critics can consider the information contained in the article useful to develop new strategy of training in bases of design to non-specialist students. Methodology. Major publications and monographs on the subject have been reviewed. It has been found that terminological judgment of design began with the middle of the XX century, first, within postmodern paradigm. The design as a component of culture correlates with cultural and art traditions, philosophy, ecology and other areas of public and humanitarian knowledge. Hence, the study of the role of design in ensuring progress provides for the wide use of theoretical and methodological tools not only of design theory, but also of other disciplines: art history, cultural studies, social psychology, aesthetics, ecology, etc. The design is considered both as universal and as a national phenomenon. The definitions of design in the works of a number of domestic and foreign authors in the context of its cultural-creative influence are compared. The analysis of design in its connection with artistic creativity is carried out. The components of contemporary design art are determined, the characteristic to the newest manifestations of design is given. Results. The design represents the hierarchical structure expressed by means of а material, space and balance of proportions, contrasts, repetitions (in ornaments, etc.), scale and a form, a size, a color and density, texture and weight, and other. It is possible to consider culture of design as the huge multilayered text, which is written down by different ways in different spheres of culture and art. However the dilemma “art or production” in the sphere of design is inevitable. Design is directly involved in technical progress in material culture and uses the art of planning, invention, modeling as a method, also introducing new object forms (see, for example, Vershinin & Melentyev, 2005: 1001). The design role in culture is connected with creation of esthetically perfect fine environment. At the same time, it is differentiated essentially depending on the region of the world. So, design creativity is reasonably considered a manifestation of project activities and project culture of the 20th century. However, the progressive function of design at the beginning of the 21st century is that design is becoming a way to bridge the gap between technical civilization and spiritual culture, and design projecting is becoming a way of harmonizing human life in a modern environment. The importance of design for the progress of humankind is clearly demonstrated by the modern ecological direction, one of the components of the international movement of “green” design, namely, “environmental” design. This concept implies the creation of products that are compatible with the environment, the reduction and complete elimination of the negative impact on nature through the use of alternative resources and energy, as well as non-toxic materials. Ideally, the design should be in line with the “3R” ecological principle: reduce, reuse, and recycle. The value of design for progress in art can be understood, having only tracked integration of painting, architecture, industrial and graphic design and having seen what the role in tangled process of creation of design is played by contents and a form, which also are the expression of the thought, the point of view and social responsibility of the designers. It is also important to emphasize the role of the designer’s profession, because for many artists design and art is a cultural mission, where life and work are inseparable. Judgments of design in art are formed, proceeding from two types of estimates: symbolical, or associative (external), and formal (internal). Symbolical estimates are mostly subjective and have no relation to design or art per se, being most often based on a habit, rumors, others thought, personal factors, prejudices, misunderstanding, that is on social, psychological, political, financial and even religious factors. Internal assessments concern an esthetics and actually design (appearance of the work of art, its visual quality) regardless of what it personifies. If external estimates belong to contents, then internal – to beauty. The latter is difficult to measure it and here such factors as talent, erudition, taste, susceptibility, experience and visual feeling matter. When determining a role of design in art, it is also necessary to remember that the principles of laconicism, laws of color, a rhythm and even plot equally work in any material, these fundamentals exist out of time, space, the state, school or style. To resume, human progress is largely driven by the positive influences of design concepts. Summarizing the views of Ukrainian and foreign researchers, it can be argued that design as a type of purposeful creative activity of mankind contributes to progress, since: 1) provides support for the development of civilization by creating new and improving known man-made objects; 2) creates an optimal human environment in order to achieve maximum comfort of his existence; 3) contributes to the formation of creative personality traits, its purposeful activity, which is one of the main social tasks. Design acts as an universal phenomenon, which covers different spheres of human activity, being, at the same time, the factor of socio-cultural communication and the basis for personality realization. As the socio-cultural phenomenon, it correlates with understanding of the person as source of intrinsic forces acting like the harmony catalyst in space.
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Grossman, Heather E. "On Memory, Transmission and the Practice of Building in the Crusader Mediterranean." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 481–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342121.
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Abstract Memory played a key role in the cross-cultural transmission of medieval architectural knowledge amongst patrons, designers, ateliers and audiences from different religious, cultural and architectural traditions. Two aspects of architectural memory are here posited as playing a role in the dissemination of architectural forms and styles: a “cultural memory” that evoked specific, earlier sites of ideological or other significance to patrons; and a “pragmatic memory” of learned, practical skills that was transmitted amongst masons themselves. These interlocking yet distinct aspects of memory in architecture are not unique to cross-cultural transmission, but they had particular impact when deployed by patrons and masons across physical or conceptual borders. Whether introduced by practical means or for associative reasons, new forms further moved across regions with artisans, who proffered (and learned) new modes of working while traveling. Examination of the Cistercian Monastery of Zaraka in Stymphalia, Greece and other churches of the thirteenth-century, post-Crusade Peloponnese and greater Eastern Mediterranean demonstrate how both aspects of architectural memory can be read in the physical architectural record. This methodology also re-inscribes masons into a history of the cross-cultural creative process, showing that builders were vital in the processes of transmitting and interpreting forms.
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Zukin, Sharon, and Ervin Kosta. "Bourdieu Off‐Broadway: Managing Distinction on a Shopping Block in the East Village." City & Community 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-6841.2004.00071.x.
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The economic and social vitality of East Ninth Street, in the East Village of Lower Manhattan, testifies to the area's long‐standing reputation for cutting‐edge culture and the street's astounding high density of unusual stores. Like a regional industrial district, the block between First and Second Avenues works as a specialized agglomeration of small producers, who are dependent on both supportive local suppliers and populations and customers from abroad, and who are linked in networks of mutually beneficial relations. This concentration succeeds not only because of the aesthetic distinction managed by store and building owners, but also because of the cultural diversity sought by a local yet cosmopolitan clientele, the material diversity of the old buildings, and the sociability of old and new residents. Far from destroying a community by commercial gentrification, East Ninth Street suggests that a retail concentration of designer stores may be a territory of innovation in the urban economy, producing both a marketable and a sociable neighborhood node.
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Mohammad Niay Gharaei, Fatemeh, and Mojtaba Rafieian. "Investigating Cross- Cultural Differences in Personal Space: Kurdish and Northern women in Iran." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 3, no. 6 (January 4, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i6.243.
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This study investigated cross-cultural differences in regard to the size of personal space among two Iranian sub-cultures (Kurdish and Northern women) vis-à-vis strangers. Methodology of research designed on participant observation, stop-distance method and questionnaire. A random size of 100 Kurdish and Northern women was selected in Sanandaj and Sari cities. Moreover, to examine the survey Chi-Square Test and Independent Sample Test were conducted. The results show that Kurdish women require more inter-personal space while walking and sitting than Northern (Mazani) women do. These findings assist environmental designers to represent strategies for achieving privacy in relation to Iranian sub-cultures.
Keywords: Living quality; Privacy; Personal space; Sub-culture; Iranian women
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Brouwers, Symen A. "The Positive Role of Culture: What Cross-Cultural Psychology Has to Offer to Developmental Aid Effectiveness Research." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 4 (August 8, 2017): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022117723530.
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Developmental aid is designed to bring at least some relief to people who suffer from hunger, disease, and other challenges to their psychological and physical well-being. To this end, large aid organizations, national governments, and other international bodies pour large amounts of money into aid efforts and local projects that work with people in their daily settings. Success of these efforts is obstructed by many factors though, including tools that do not really meet a desired end and the rejection of aid by recipients. In the present article, I review evidence on the challenges to aid effectiveness that relate to the need for ecological validity, thus the extent to which the project designers’ understanding of problems and solutions matches reality, and I propose a model that is based on the theory of generative entrenchment, to expand and extend the relevance of cross-cultural psychology into developmental aid effectiveness research in terms of essential conditions for cultural change. The model contains the three processes of generalization, transmission, and mobility, as a means to see whether behavior is successful in a particular environment. The value of the proposed model lies in the provision of opportunities for extending cross-cultural psychology into the field of developmental aid.
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Nelson, Robert S. "The Byzantine Synagogue of Alfred Alschuler." IMAGES 11, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 5–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340095.
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AbstractThe architect Alfred Alschuler, a prolific designer of commercial and industrial buildings in the Chicago area, also built several synagogues before his most significant creation, Temple Isaiah, now the home of the Kehilath Anshe Ma’ariv Isaiah Israel congregation. Completed in 1924, it marked a departure from Alschuler’s earlier classical synagogues and was Inspired, he wrote, by a synagogue at Hammat Tiberias in Palestine that Nahum Slouschz excavated under the auspices of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society. Accordingly, Alschuler switched to Byzantine models and copied details of the late antique ornament uncovered by Slouschz. Though such historical references to Palestine, the architect and the Rabbi of Temple Isaiah, Joseph Schultz, sought to connect their synagogue to Eretz Israel.
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Chung, Chih-Hung, Putthachat Angnakoon, Jessica Li, and Jeff Allen. "Virtual HRD and national culture: an information processing perspective." European Journal of Training and Development 40, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-04-2015-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with a better understanding of the cultural impact on information processing in virtual learning environment. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a causal loop diagram to depict the cultural impact on information processing in the virtual human resource development (VHRD) learning platform. This study takes a theoretical approach and examines current literature pertaining to VHRDs, virtual worlds (VWs), system dynamics, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) and cross-cultural studies. Findings – This study provides a conceptual model to describe and discuss the cultural impact on information processing in VHRD. Research limitations/implications – Literature has begun to reflect the concerns with cultural impact in VHRD; however, research is still in the beginning stages. This study proposes a conceptual model of information processing that includes the cultural impact. Future work based on this study will continue to test and improve the conceptual model. Practical implications – The conceptual model accounts for the complexities of the interaction between internal and external information processing systems. Instructional designers or educators can apply this conceptual model to understand the impact of culture on information process during training programs in the VHRD environment. With this model, they could provide an effective or efficient training programs for their trainees. Social implications – The conceptual model adopts a systemic viewpoint to describe the cultural impact on VHRD. For future studies, researchers could adopt this conceptual model to further illustrate the association between understanding information processing and recognizing the cultural impact on information processing. Originality/value – This study provided a framework for HRD researchers and practitioners to detect challenges and opportunities to work with cultural impact on information processing in VHRD. Instructional designers or educators could utilize this model to understand the process, and further offer an effective or efficient training programs for their trainees.
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Mohammad Niay Gharaei, Fatemeh, and Mojtaba Rafieian. "Investigating Cross-Cultural Differences in the Privacy Regulation and Perception of Crowding: Northern and Yazdi Women in Iran." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 3, no. 8 (June 15, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i8.292.
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This study investigated cross-cultural differences in the privacy regulation and perception of crowding among two Iranian sub-cultures (Yazdi and Northern women). The research methodology was designed on interview and questionnaire. A random size of 100 Yazdi and Northern women was selected in Yazd and Sari cities. Moreover, to examine the survey Chi-Square Test, Independent Sample Test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. The results show that Yazdi women desired more privacy in public spaces than Northern women. Regardless of culture, women’s desired and achieved privacy levels have associations with the level of perceived crowding in public spaces. These findings assist environmental designers to present strategies for achieving privacy in relation to Iranian sub-cultures.
Keywords: Privacy; Crowding; Culture; Iranian women
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i8.292
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Hernández-Serrano, María-José, Paula Renés-Arellano, Gary Graham, and Anita Greenhill. "From prosumer to prodesigner: Participatory news consumption." Comunicar 25, no. 50 (January 1, 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c50-2017-07.
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New democratic participation forms and collaborative productions of diverse audiences have emerged as a result of digital innovations in the online access to and consumption of news. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework based on the possibilities of Web 2.0. Outlining the construction of a “social logic”, which combines computer and communicative logics, the conceptual framework is theoretically built to explore the evolution of news consumption from a pure circulation of designed products towards a global conversation of proactive news designers. Then, the framework was tested using an empirical database built by the Pew Research Centre, which investigates the future of the news industry, through a large-scale survey with adults. Results show significant differences (by age, gender and educational level) in the forms of participation, access and consumption of news. However, whilst immersed in the culture of Web 2.0 there is a low-level of user participation in news production; far from being proactive news designers, findings suggest that citizens are still located in the lower participatory levels of our conceptual framework. Conclusions suggest there is a need for media education providers to carry out training initiatives according to the social logic possibilities through proposed guidelines. Nuevas formas de participación democrática y producciones colaborativas de audiencias diversas han surgido como resultado de las innovaciones digitales en el acceso y consumo de noticias. El objetivo de este estudio es proponer un marco conceptual basado en las posibilidades de la Web 2.0. Describiendo la construcción de una «lógica social», que se combina con las lógicas comunicativa y computacional, se construye el marco teórico para explorar la evolución en el consumo de noticias desde una mera circulación de productos diseñados, hacia una conversación global de diseñadores proactivos de noticias. Este marco teórico se ha testeado a través de una base de datos empírica del Instituto de investigación PEW, que mediante una encuesta con adultos a gran escala permite analizar el futuro de la industria de las noticias. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas (por edad, sexo y nivel educativo) en las formas de participación, acceso y consumo de noticias. Aunque existe una cultura Web 2.0, hay un bajo nivel de participación de usuarios en la producción de noticias; lejos de ser diseñadores proactivos de noticias, los hallazgos sugieren que la mayoría de ciudadanos se sitúan en los niveles de participación más bajos del marco conceptual propuesto. Se concluye sugiriendo la necesidad de que los responsables de la educación en medios desarrollen iniciativas formativas acordes a las posibilidades de la lógica social a través de la propuesta de pautas.
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Yin, Y. "COMPREHENSIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE QING IMPERIAL GARDEN AND THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE GARDEN IN THE 18TH CENTURY: A CULTURAL HERITAGE STUDIES APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 26, 2019): 1235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-1235-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In 17&ndash;18<sup>th</sup> century, the spread of the image of the Qing Imperial Garden witnessed the cross-cultural exchanges and promoted the development of English Landscape Garden style. The reciprocal ‘far away foreign land’ between Chinese and British cultures and the influence of historical context had caused the discrepant view of European on Chinese gardens. This project focuses on the differences of cultural heritage values found in the two kinds of gardens: from the design of space and structure, poems and paintings representing designers' concepts, humanities factors, design conception, gardening elements and etc. Which hopes to fill up the gaps of relevant studies and stress the importance of documentation for gardens between the East and West. There are three aspects to illustrate the inner differences under the surface similarities between the two kinds of gardens. Firstly, the distortion and discontinuity through out the introduction and translation.This research attempts to cross-examine such an argument through an investigation into the journey to the West by the carrier of Chinese Imperial garden ideas. Then the meaning of ‘views of nature’ in the English Landscape Garden was inconsistent with the Chinese concept of ‘natural state of the world’. Thirdly, the differences of historical background, culture and values between the Qing Imperial Garden and the English Landscape Garden. All in all, this research could well invite a more factually-based understanding of the Sino-English architectural interactions as well as the Chinese contributions to the world architecture.</p>
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SEKEN, Aday, Ordenbek MAZBAYEV, Rina AGYBETOVA, Zhaxylyk AKIMOV, and Aitolkyn TLEUBAYEVA. "Research on the Development Model of Cross Border Kazakh Ethnic Cultural Tourism." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.8(32).14.
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Spatial distribution, cultural system and characteristics, constitution of ethno-cultural tourism resources of global Kazakh ethnics was examined in this study, as well as spatial distribution of transnational ethno-cultural tourism resources, and development state and existing problems of Kazakh ethno-cultural domestic and international tourism. Based on the analysis above, ten development patterns of Kazakh ethno-cultural tourism were raised up, including ethnic village, ethnic cultural museum, primitive ethnical village, conformity of relics, conformity and improvement, renew of old fashion and customs, new rural construction, special town construction, ethnic cultural recreational-business district (RBD) and ethnic cultural thematic parks. Further, reasonable regional functions and spatial development pattern of Kazakh ethnic cultural tourism in Xinjiang were discussed, providing foundations for new theories and studies of the industrial development of ethnic cultural tourism in Xinjiang.
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Cao, Jun, and Ye Lin. "Sustainable City Growth New Models for the Post-Industrial City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2778.
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This paper reports on research in the area of Green Urbanism and new models for urban growth and neighborhoods, as cities need to transform from a fossil-based model to a model based on sustainable energy sources. The paper deals with cross-cutting issues in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design and addresses the question of how we can best cohesively integrate all aspects of energy systems, transport systems, waste and water management, passive and active strategies, natural ventilation and so on, into contemporary urban design of Eco-Cities with an improved environmental performance of cities. This text reflects upon practical strategies focused on increasing sustainability beyond and within the scope of individual buildings and provides a context for a general discourse about the regeneration of the city centre, its transformation to a sustainable model, and discusses how urbanism is affected (and can be expected to be even more affected in future) by the paradigms of ecology. Recent examples for the application of such urban design principles are the two proposals for the Australian city of Newcastle: the City Campus and Port City projects. These case studies illustrate that it is less environmentally damaging to stimulate growth within the established city centre rather than sprawling into new, formerly un-built areas. Three steps from passive building design to active mechanical equipment. The designer needs to take full advantage of basic, passive building strategies first, before adding mechanical active equipment. Motto: More with less. The entire urban metabolism is based on energy supply. However, a new symbiosis between countryside and city is emerging: The century-old tension between rural and urban might finally get resolved, where the city stops to grow at the expense of its rural hinterland.
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Savala, Joshua. "Ports of Transnational Labor Organizing: Anarchism along the Peruvian-Chilean Littoral, 1916–1928." Hispanic American Historical Review 99, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 501–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-7573529.
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Abstract This article centers cross-border solidarity in the post–War of the Pacific (1879–83) context in Peru and Chile. I examine the ways in which some maritime and port workers in these countries in the early twentieth century created bonds of solidarity despite the reigning nationalism of the day. The article analyzes labor struggles and the move toward industrial organizing in Mollendo, Peru; Chilean Industrial Workers of the World efforts at creating links with Peruvian workers; and police repression after a 1925 strike in Mollendo. I combine an in-depth view of local organizing with the transnational political moves and connections forged by maritime and port workers. They lived and organized in their own ports while also forming bonds with other working-class people in the shared space of the Pacific littoral. Their organizing locally and transnationally challenged the chauvinistic nationalism of the era.
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Rappaport, Erika. "Sacred and Useful Pleasures: The Temperance Tea Party and the Creation of a Sober Consumer Culture in Early Industrial Britain." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 4 (October 2013): 990–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.121.
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AbstractThis essay argues that the strict branch of the temperance movement helped create and spread an idea of a sober consumer culture in early Victorian Britain. It specifically examines the material and gustatory, political, and religious culture of the mass temperance tea parties that emerged in the 1830s and the 1840s. Supported by middle- and working-class followers, evangelicals, and liberals, the strict branch of the temperance movement insisted that the consumption of tea, sugar, and wheat-based baked goods in a heterosocial setting would demonstrate the rewards of a religious and sober life. Mass tea parties disciplined consumers through satisfying the body and encouraging pleasurable cross-class and mixed-gender interactions. Temperance advocates hoped that the behaviors and values inculcated at the tea table would radiate to the home, the factory, and the marketplace. The temperance movement thus contributed to the notion that drinking tea produced well-behaved and energetic workers, as well as rational consumers.
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Tu, Jui-Che, Xiu-Yue Zhang, and Shu-Ping Chiu. "Assessing the Impact of Cultural Intelligence on Sustainable Career Competitive Advantage for Students in College of Design." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010010.
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In culturally diverse career settings, some designers are performing more effectively than others. The competence and intelligence behind their performance are crucial to sustainable career development in the highly competitive and globalized design industry. We believe that cultural intelligence (or CQ as a shorthand label) is highly required in such cross-cultural design situations, and it could be trained and improved through design education. Therefore, to better prepare students in design colleges for sustainable career development, we extend and assess the CQ model in design education. We begin the study by determining the demographic differences of design students in terms of CQ, then clarify associations between CQ and competitive advantage. The results of variance analyses using both a t-test and ANOVA showed that education level had a significant effect on two dimensions of CQ (cognitive and motivational CQs), whereas gender, age, and design field did not have significant effects on any dimensions of CQ. Further, step-wise regression analyses demonstrated that three dimensions of CQ (motivational, metacognitive, and behavioral CQs) had significant impacts on competitive advantage. Based on these results, theoretical and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future studies, are further discussed.
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Hadjiyanni, Tasoulla. "Integrating Social Science Research into Studio Teaching: Housing New Immigrants." Open House International 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2006-b0008.
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Armed with an understanding of cultural differences in housing needs, designers can develop residential prototypes that accommodate diverse values and ways of living. Culturally sensitive designs ease the adjustment process of new immigrant groups and contribute to the well-being of communities and the country as a whole. Responding to multiculturalism, design education must prepare graduates for cross-cultural practice by engaging them in the consideration of cultural differences. The paper presents the example of two upper level undergraduate studios, taught in Spring 2002 and Fall 2003 in the Department of Architecture at the University of Minnesota, that exposed students to the design process through the exploration of cultural differences in housing design. Undertaken by an instructor trained in both architecture and social science, these studios integrated social science research into the teaching of design. The projects explored culturally sensitive housing for Hmong and Somali refugees, two of the Minneapolis/Saint Paul area's largest new immigrant groups. Students used verbal narratives collected through focused interviews with members of the Hmong and Somali communities living in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to define both the programmatic and conceptual stages of their designs. The paper elaborates on the theoretical framework that guided students' inquiries; states the methodology and process used to accomplish the research within the constraints of a semester; and outlines the challenges and opportunities afforded through this teaching technique. By focusing on the research phase of these studios, the paper hopes to inspire further development of pedagogies that cater to the changing demographics and respond to cultural differences.
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Ristic, Marija Runic, Nikolina Ljepava, Tahir Masood Qureshi, and Asli Cazorla Milla. "A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Conflict Management Styles in Multinational Organisations: Empirical Evidence from Serbia." Journal of East European Management Studies 25, no. 3 (2020): 418–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2020-3-418.
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This study explores the conflict management styles of German and Serbian managers in multinational organisations in Serbia. Contrary to most previous cross-cultural studies on conflict management styles, we have analysed not only the impact of the dimensions of individualism vs. collectivism on conflict management styles, but the effect of power distance dimension also. Moreover, none of the previous studies have analysed the conflict of management styles of managers in Southeast Europe, let alone the influence of intercultural interactions in multinational organisations in that region. Our study is based on the survey of 205 German, and 214 Serbian, managers in German multinationals in Serbia. The findings reveal that German and Serbian managers use different conflict management styles and that the status of the conflict partners and gender affect managers’ conflict management styles.
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Shan, Xiaohui, and Qian Wang. "A Cross-cultural Analysis of Brand Personality: Comparisons of China’s and the US Energy Companies’ English Websites." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0806.19.
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With the rapid development of economic globalization, projecting a positive image overseas and creating world famous brands have become vital to enhance industrial and national core competencies and execute the "Going out" strategy. To achieve the goals, corporates attach significance to establish and maintain corporate websites in view of its convenience, autonomy and interactivity while encountering cross-cultural challenges. This study employs corpus analytical tools to conduct content analysis on the existing cross-cultural differences and the linguistic and cultural features, between Chinese and US energy companies’ websites based on Aaker’s brand personality framework and Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory. Findings reveal that there is a significant difference between occurrence frequencies of brand personality dimensions between China and US, and their websites linguistic discrepancies are relevant to their cultural differences. The study may provide meaningful implications on employing linguistic theories and methods to conduct multidisciplinary studies on corporate communication online.
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Chen, Chun-Liang. "Cross-disciplinary innovations by Taiwanese manufacturing SMEs in the context of Industry 4.0." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 1145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2019-0301.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan employ technology to participate in global supply chains so as to respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.Design/methodology/approachThis study chose four small to medium textile SMEs using qualitative exploratory multiple case studies to examine their participation in the global value chain (GVC) and under the context of Industry 4.0.FindingsThis study proffered a strategic model for the innovative integration of textile manufacturing companies and cultural content industry into the global market. The results identified four types of cross-disciplinary value creation strategies by Industry 4.0-driven technology and cultural content infusion: enhancing digital product display capabilities, integrating cultural content design and online marketing, creative brand marketing with cyber-physical channel integration and emotional marketing incorporated with smart services.Originality/valueThe author proposed the following cross-disciplinary value creation strategies for clothing SMEs in Taiwan: (1) enhancing digital product display capabilities, (2) integrating cultural content design and online marketing, (3) creative brand marketing with cyber-physical integration and (4) emotional marketing incorporated with smart services. Using these strategies, SMEs can incorporate cultural and lifestyle aspects into products and services and embed themselves in the global marketing links of GVCs.
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Westwood, Caroline, Peter Schofield, and Graham Berridge. "Agricultural shows: visitor motivation, experience and behavioural intention." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 9, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-09-2017-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the theory concerning visitor motivations, consumer experience and behavioural intentions at rural events; more specifically, it focusses on agricultural shows, which have hitherto been neglected in the events management literature. These events have successfully broadened their visitor base, but not without the attendant challenges for agricultural events’ designers. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a quantitative design using a questionnaire survey. The analysis, using a range of statistical procedures, centres on consumer motivation, experience and behaviour in relation to show features and their influence on future behaviour. Findings The findings of this paper demonstrates the relative importance to the consumer of the show’s various components and their influence on revisitation, which reflect the significance of social, cultural and personal meanings attached to their experiences. This highlights key motivational variables such as appreciating the shows’ traditions and intellectual enrichment. Research limitations/implications The study takes a cross-sectional approach, using a non-probability sample at four multi-day royal shows. Future research should establish the external validity of the findings and their applicability to smaller one-day agricultural shows. Practical implications The research provides a managerial contribution by informing show designers about the motivations of an increasingly diverse range of visitors. This will facilitate decisions around the engagement of contemporary design while preserving the traditional elements of agricultural shows. Originality/value Few studies have looked at rural events and, in particular, agricultural shows. Moreover, previous research in this area has focussed on rural tourism and place making, while consumer behaviour and experience at rural events has been neglected. This paper provides an insight into the consumer experience and perceived importance of various aspects of contemporary agricultural shows.
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Hoffmann, Jochen, Ulrike Röttger, Diana Ingenhoff, and Anis Hamidati. "The rehabilitation of the “nation variable”." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 20, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-10-2014-0071.
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Purpose – Despite an impressive body of international research, there is a lack of empirical evidence describing the ways in which organisational environments influence the practices of corporate communications (CC). A cross-cultural survey in five countries contributes to closing this research gap. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – What makes the research design innovative is that the questionnaire incorporates both practitioners’ perceptions of the cultural context and the relevance of CC practices. The sample comprises 418 practitioners from the most senior positions in CC in the biggest companies in Australia, Austria, Germany, Indonesia, and Switzerland. By choosing a systematic access to the field the authors circumvent shortcomings of “snowball” sampling techniques. Findings – While cultural perceptions and CC priorities vary to a certain degree, there are hardly any significant correlations between the two. Meanwhile, the “nation variable”, and the institutional settings associated with it, are more instructive when explaining differences in CC. Research limitations/implications – A large cross-cultural survey needs to take a “birds eye view” and, as such, is able to identify only general tendencies when describing relations between perceptions of culture and CC practices. Future case studies and qualitative research could explore more subtle ways in which CC is influenced not only by the cultural context, but also – and probably even more – by institutional environments. Originality/value – This is the first cross-cultural survey to systematically describe on the level of primary data, the links between CC practices and perceptions of the organisational environment. Since the results indicate only a limited impact of culture, the authors would recommend the rehabilitation of the “nation variable”. Provided it is understood and differentiated as a representation of specific institutional contexts, the nation variable is likely to prove highly instructive when accounting for the diversity of CC observed around the world.
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Mastrogiannakis, Iakovos, and George-Christopher Vosniakos. "EXPLORING STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE FRANCIS HYDRO-TURBINE BLADES USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 043. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume190609001m.
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Composite materials are increasingly exploited in industry especially replacing metallic structures due to their strength/weight ratio. Amongst the notable applications, for which composite materials have not challenged metals yet are hydro-turbines, which are overwhelmingly made of steel or copper alloys. Replacing blade material by laminate composites can reduce weight and inertia, as well as achieve smaller cross-sectional thicknesses, better fatigue strength, damping, and resistance to cavitation. Manufacturing techniques are mature enough to respond to the challenge, provided that the laminate composite blades are properly designed. In the current work, the design of the Francis carbon blades was studied by employing finite element analysis. The blades were designed sub-optimally with various stratification patterns and different failure and maximum displacement limitations following a systematic methodology for gradual addition of laminate layers or patches. The methodology is still of a trial and error nature driven by the designer but guesses in the individual steps are much more informed due to model analysis and optimization tools available.
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Grimes, Paul W. "Right-To-Work Legislation and the Economic Position of Black Workers." Review of Black Political Economy 15, no. 4 (March 1987): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903731.
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Recent empirical analysis of state right-to-work legislation indicates that a negative wage effect may result as a consequence of banning union shop contracts. It has been previously shown that industrial unionism tends to improve the relative wage position of black workers. Thus, it is hypothesized that if state right-to-work laws weaken the economic power of unions to raise wages, black workers will experience a disproportionate decline in their relative wage position. Black workers in right-to-work states would therefore experience a reduction in their relative economic position unless a strong positive relative employment effect occurs in response to the decline in wages. Using a cross-sectional regression model this article examines the relative employment effect due to right-to-work legislation. The results indicate that black workers experience a statistically significant decline in their relative employment rate within right-to-work states. When this finding is coupled with the hypothesized negative wage effect, it is concluded that right-to-work legislation results in a worsening of the net economic position of black workers.
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Movrin, Dejan, Ognjan Luzanin, and Vera Guduric. "Using statistically designed experiment to optimize vacuum-assisted post-processing of binder jetted specimens." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2018-0177.
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PurposeThis paper aims to propose a vacuum-assisted post-processing method for use in binder jetted technology. The method is based on six key technological parameters and uses standard, commercially available consumables to achieve improvement in tensile strength, as well as the microstructure and porosity of the infiltrated matrix.Design/methodology/approachSix key technological parameters were systematically varied as factors on three levels, using design of experiment, i.e. definitive screening design. Surface response methodology was used to optimize the process and yield optimal tensile strength for the given range of input factors. Thus obtained, the optimized factor settings were used in a set of confirmation runs, where the result of optimization was experimentally confirmed. To confirm improvement in microstructure of the infiltrated matrix, SEM analysis was performed, while the reduction of porosity was analyzed using mercury porosimetry.FindingsThe obtained results indicate that, compared to its conventional counterpart, the proposed, optimized infiltration method yields improvement in tensile strength which is significant from both the statistical and engineering point of view, while reducing porosity by 3.5 times, using only standard consumables. Scanning electron microscopy examination of fractured specimens’ micrographs also revealed significant morphological differences between the conventional and proposed method of post-processing. This primarily reflects in higher surface area under hardened epoxy infiltrate, which contributes to increased load capacity of specimen cross-section.Research limitations/implicationsAt the present stage of development, the most important limitation of the proposed method is the overall size of models which can be accommodated in standard vacuum impregnation units. Although, in this study, the infiltration method did not prove statistically significant, further investigation is required with models of complex geometry, various sizes and mass arrangements, where infiltration would be more challenging and could possibly result in different findings.Practical implicationsThe most important practical implication of this study is the experimentally verified result of optimization, which showed that tensile strength and matrix microstructure can be significantly improved, using just standard consumables.Social implicationsImproved strength contributes to reduction of material consumption, which, in a longer run, can be beneficial for environment protection and sustainable development.Originality/valueBased on literature review, there have been no previous investigations which studied the tensile strength of infiltrated specimens through design of experiment, which involved specimen preheating temperature, level and duration of vacuum treatment of infiltrate mixture and infiltrated specimens and infiltration method.
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FORGAS-COLL, SANTIAGO, RAMON PALAU-SAUMELL, JAVIER SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA, and FERNANDO J. GARRIGOS-SIMON. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN AND SPANISH CRUISE PASSENGERS' BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS." Revista de Administração de Empresas 56, no. 1 (February 2016): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020160108.
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ABSTRACT Earlier studies of cross-national differences in consumer behavior in different consumption sectors have verified that cultural differences have a strong influence on consumers. Despite the importance of cross-national analysis, no studies in the literature examine the moderating effects of nationality on the construction of behavioral intentions and their antecedents among cruise line passengers. This study investigates the moderating effects of nationality on the relationships between perceived value, satisfaction, trust and behavioral intentions among Spanish and (U.S.) American passengers of cruise lines that use Barcelona as home port and port-of-call. A theoretical model was tested with a total of 968 surveys. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used, by means of a multigroup analysis. Results of this study indicated that Spaniards showed stronger relationships between trust and behavioral intentions, and between emotional value and satisfaction. Americans presented stronger relationships between service quality and satisfaction, and between service quality and behavioral intentions.
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Kragh, Simon Ulrik. "The anthropology of nepotism." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 12, no. 2 (May 23, 2012): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595812439869.
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Nepotism is widespread in organizations in developing countries but has so far received scant attention in cross-cultural management research. The paper seeks to contribute to the underdeveloped research topic suggesting an anthropological explanation of nepotism. It is argued that nepotism reflects the presence of tribal and peasant social morals in organizations where they replace norms and principles typical of industrial society. Examples from African and Latin American organizations show how nepotism works, and drawing on quantitative data it is suggested that nepotism is relatively common in countries at the earlier stages of industrial development. Four managerial approaches to nepotism are outlined: managers can accept nepotistic ambiguity; they can attempt to strengthen the modern organization; they can use the tribal and peasant norms underlying nepotism as the basic principle of the organization; or they can codify the pre-industrial norms and make them part of the formal organization.
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Kertakova, Marija, Sonja Jordeva, and Jordan Efremov. "Analysis of the first autochthonous subculture in fashion history: Antimode style of "Incroyables" and "Marveilleuses"." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102048k.
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This scientific article is devoted to an extremely intriguing topic, so relevant among connoisseurs of fashion history and fashion costume (but not enough among ordinary fashion lovers) and is of great benefit to today's science, fashion and fashion industry, as it relates to the question of how socio-political events can greatly influence the construction of a completely new costume, radically different from the conventional one. One of the main goals of this scientific work is to reconsider and critically analyze the costumes of the most rebellious young people who lived in the late XVIII century. The so-called "Incroyables" and "Merveilleuses" emerged as the first autochthonous subculture in the history of fashion, contributing to fashion through the characteristic elements and variations of men's and women's costumes, thus defining a completely new social ideal of beauty, embodied and expressed with the help of fashionable women's and men's suits from this period. On the other hand, thanks to the knowledge and study of this new way and method of structuring the costume, the horizon is born in which it becomes clear how the new young people appeared after the second half of the 20th century, and the designers of the new age cleverly use accumulated historical material in their creative practice and embody the same in a way so characteristic of the spirit of the time. Due to the fact that fashion has various manifestations, I have also used cross-cultural research methods -attracting certain parts of sociology and structural and systematic analysis..
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Emonena, Sunny Ekakitie, and Egede Nwawuku Matteo. "Driving SMEs Through Nepotism and Individualism: A Cross Cultural Analysis & Implications for Enterprise Success in Sub-Sahara Africa." Journal of Management and Strategy 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v11n2p29.
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As we gravitate deeper into the 21st century, work patterns that drive productivity tend towards teamwork, group specialization, hi-tech and hi-touch processes. This study in acknowledging this new paradigm advocates the adoption of the twin practices of nepotism and individualism for African SMEs. The authors argue that given the peculiar cultural inclinations of Africans where socio-economic activities are woven around family subsistence and individualism in optimizing skills and competences, coupled with readily available labour in most African families; it will be economically wise to drive SMEs set-up and start-ups through family. The authors contend that given the weak capacities of African entrepreneurs competitively, they can become effective if they make a strategic retreat and gradually develop their enterprises via deploying family resources cost effectively to increment capacities for productivity. The paper in examining extant literature evidenced the application of nepotism and individual acumen in the growth of enterprises across notable cultures in the world. Theories of entrepreneurship lending credence to arguments canvassed include Cantillon’s theory, the Knightian theory, the individual-opportunity nexus theory and the Mill’s theory of individualism among others. These along with empirical studies outcome cited reveal the immense benefits and successes recoverable in the creation/administration of SMEs along these dimensions. In the light of these benefits, the authors suggest among others that policies of government in sub-Saharan Africa should tilt towards incentives for family-patterned SMEs. It also advocates for a platform were innovative SMEs can receive recognition and sponsorship from government and trade/industrial associations. Finally, the paper suggests that SMEs in Africa link up via the Internet with SMEs abroad with a history of family business to learn success and survival strategies and gradually become global players themselves.
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Pietroni, Eva, Alfonsina Pagano, and Bruno Fanini. "UX Designer and Software Developer at the Mirror: Assessing Sensory Immersion and Emotional Involvement in Virtual Museums." Studies in Digital Heritage 2, no. 1 (September 26, 2018): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v2i1.24634.
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Virtual Museums (VMs) and their audiences have always been studied as separated worlds. Recently the importance of cross-methodological studies has been accepted by the academic sector for their usefulness in the process of assessing the impact of such VMs. Hedonic aspects, such as emotions, senses, perception, and environmental atmosphere rather than technicalities, like usability and affordance, have indeed played a precise and crucial role in the meaning-making of the world around us. This contribution will highlight the need for a collaborative sharing of ideas among designers and developers, creators and technicians, in order to reach sensory immersion and emotional involvement in VMs that will translate into enhanced participation and the predisposition to assimilate and memorize cultural contents. It has been stated that “a virtual museum is a digital entity.” As such, it is inevitably based on technology, on its user interface (UI), on the visualization solutions it employs, and on its usability and ability to interact with the end user in order to transfer a certain message. VMs are designed to complement, enhance, or augment the ordinary museum experience through contextualization, narration, personalization, interactivity and richness of content. This contribution originates not only from the lessons learned in twenty years of research by CNR ITABC, but it also moves one step further in the direction of exchanged experiences and good practices between the humanistic and the technological sectors, therefore contributing to the promotion of lifelong learning in Virtual Museums.
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Tsui, Sit, and Lau Kin Chi. "Building a Global Feminist Alliance for Peace in East Asia." positions: asia critique 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8112510.
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In an era of vacillations between threats of a nuclear war and promises of peace breakthroughs in East Asia, this article takes examples from public campaigns of women’s peace groups—such as Women’s Peace Walk, Women Cross DMZ (the Demilitarized Zone), Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace, and PeaceWomen Across the Globe—and argues for feminist scholarship to take an interdisciplinary approach and, in particular, to fuse peace studies with cultural studies, political economy, and global geopolitics. Doing so requires an examination of the history and the scope of the military-industrial complex, its relationship with finance capital, its bonds with governments and political parties, and its business patterns in relation to wars and conflicts all over the world. It also is crucial to sow the seeds of reconciliation and peace into the daily life of ordinary people. Thus, historians, cultural workers, educationists, writers, and scholar activists of different areas must undertake long-term sustained work for reconciliation and peace at the grassroots level as well as networking at the regional and global levels.
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Barnes, Jeffrey. "Where Chocolate Begins and Research Methods End: Understanding Kuna Cacao Consumption." Human Organization 72, no. 3 (August 14, 2013): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.72.3.p8n427vr86736814.
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Contrary to a recent deluge of scientific and popular publications, the island-dwelling Kuna people of Ailigandi, San Blas Panama do not consume large amounts of locally derived cacao beverages. This paper introduces new research on the actual consumption of Theobroma cacao among the people of Ailigandi. The chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao, is of great cultural importance for Kuna people, and its fruits are used within multiple contexts as an irreplaceable element of Kuna identity and cultural life. However, cacao cultivation has become dramatically more difficult because of the numerous fungal pathogens that attack the tree. Despite the constraints this has placed on local cacao production, recent studies suggest that Kuna people consume large amounts of local cacao. This research evaluates the livelihood strategies and dietetic intake of the Kuna in a cross-cultural context. Findings suggest that recent studies may have misunderstood the local reality in their depictions of the Kuna people of Ailigandi as prolific consumers of locally derived cacao. Using a methodology that incorporates a local nomenclature, I found that the actual consumption of locally grown cacao among Kuna people is negligible, notwithstanding the claims of researchers whose work is largely funded by an industrial chocolate manufacturer.
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Vu, Kim-Phuong L., and Yuting Sun. "Population Stereotypes for Objects and Representations: Response Tendencies for Interacting With Everyday Objects and Interfaces." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 6 (January 28, 2019): 953–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818823570.
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Objective: The objective of the study is to replicate and extend population stereotypes from a broad range of users for display-control relations of common interfaces using pictures/images of the objects. Background: Population stereotypes for display-control configurations refer to people’s tendencies to associate certain control actions with display properties. An interface will benefit by being designed in a manner that is consistent with the stereotypes. The stimuli used in the present study include conceptual replications of objects that have been examined previously and new ones. Method: An online survey was designed to collect data about participants’ natural response tendencies or interpretations of the meaning associated with objects, representations, and colors. Participants were obtained through MTurk from the United States, India, and UK. Results: We replicated 76% and partially replicated an additional 16% of the stereotypic responses found in prior studies. Considering the full data set, we found stereotypic responses for 62% of the stimuli that are consistent across the three countries in which the participants were located, although the strength of these stereotypes may differ by location. For the remaining 38% of the stimuli, population stereotypes still emerged for some locations. Few gender differences were found. Conclusion: Cross-cultural stereotypic responses exist for many objects, representations, and display-control configurations. However, because stereotypes can be limited to specific regions or change over time, we recommend that they be captured periodically to ensure design guidelines based on the stereotypes remain valid. Application: Designers can use the stereotypic responses to guide design decisions.