Journal articles on the topic 'Inductive power transfer, electric vehicles, recharge systems'
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Kuehl, Alexander, Maximilian Kneidl, Johannes Seefried, Michael Masuch, Michael Weigelt, and Joerg Franke. "Production Concepts for Inductive Power Transfer Systems for Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 7911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217911.
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The option of wireless energy transmission in electric vehicles can become the main market driver for electric vehicles due to its distinct advantages, such as range, weight, or costs, over conventional conductive charging solutions. In addition to the great potential, which different research work and realized systems have already shown, there are new requirements for the associated production networks in the automotive industry which must be addressed at an early stage. Furthermore, no solutions currently exist for the industrial production of these components. This paper presents the main components for the feasibility of wireless power transmission in electric vehicles. In addition, the required value chains and processes for the new components of the inductive power transfer systems, and the final assembly for induction coils, which has been developed at the FAU, will be presented. These include the developing of a winding process on a 15-axis special machine, ultrasonic crimping of the litz wire ends, and vacuum potting.
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Hou, Chung-Chuan, and Kuei-Yuan Chang. "Inductive Power Transfer Systems for Bus-Stop-Powered Electric Vehicles." Energies 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2016): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9070512.
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Revathi Shree, K. "Inductive Power Transfer to Charge Electric Bicycles." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 8, S1 (June 5, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2019.8.s1.2313.
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Inductive power transfer is nothing but wireless power transfer. That is transferring power from transmitter to receiver side without any physical contact. Nowadays this technique has wide applications. Mainly it is used to charge the batteries of the electric vehicles (EV). Due to the increasing pollution rate and scarcity of fuel in future days, the demand for the electric vehicles is increasing. Charging EV’s using IPT is simpler and risk free when compared to traditional wired charging systems. Using IPT technique the battery can be charged in constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes without using any feedback. A switch (consists of 2 AC switches and capacitor) is used to change the mode from CC to CV. The current output from the CC and the voltage output from the CV mode are load independent. This can be obtained by proper selection of inductances and capacitors. Here the feedback control techniques are not required to regulate the output according to charging profile. This IPT technique to charge battery is economical because using a single inverter many batteries can be charged at a time. The possibility of this method of charging is tested with an experimental prototype for efficiency and using MATLAB/SIMULINK software the simulation results are obtained for stability of current and voltage output of CC and CV mode.
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M, Ponmani Raja, Karthik Chandran, Jeyakkannan N, John Paul, and Jibin Jaison. "Dynamic Wireless Charging for Inductive Power Transfer Systems in Electric Vehicles." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 2665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2665ecst.
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The charging plate creates magnetic fluxing. The charging plate and the adjacent coil can induce current without any contact. By the new trends, wireless charging got more social attention to the outside world as an alternative method for primitive wired charging. Even though wireless charging was implemented to various electronics industries, it is still proven that wired charging is faster than the wireless. But can make the gadget hot, which may not be good for the battery efficiency. The wireless charging does not degrade the battery. A vehicle that is powered by an electric motor rather than a typical petrol or diesel engine is referred to as an electric vehicle. The electric motor is powered by rechargeable batteries. In this article, the dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles introduces a new methodology of charging even when the vehicle is in motion. The dynamic wireless charging is proposed to allow power transfer to the electric vehicles when they are in motion. Multiple inductive pads should be buried under the roadways. The inductive pads should be energized by a power supply. The track which is dedicated for the wireless charging should have enough distance so that the vehicles can charge up to a stable value until they leave the charging track. This proposed methodology reduces unnecessary time wastage for charging of vehicles. Hardware results obtained the primary pads mounted on road and power supply for primary roads. Besides, it will flow the efficient inductive power transfer and time saving opportunity.
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Kuncoro, C. Bambang Dwi, Min-Feng Sung, Cornelia Adristi, Arvanida Feizal Permana, and Yean-Der Kuan. "Prospective Powering Strategy Development for Intelligent-Tire Sensor Power Charger Application." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121424.
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Tire sensors embedded in a vehicle tire are stand-alone autonomous devices. A tire sensor reserve power strategy is crucial due to sensor energy sources limitations for long operational periods. This paper presents an innovative tire sensor powering strategy for the intelligent-tire system. The powering strategy offers a green concept, maintenance-free, and low-cost method in order to extend the tire sensor lifetime for long operating periods. The proposed strategy adopts wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to transfer power to an electrical load mounted on the rotational system without an interconnection cable. It is composed of a power transmitter designed to be mounted on the vehicle’s inner fender liner, and a power receiver that provides power to recharge the tire sensor battery/energy storage. The transmitter transfers power from the vehicle battery/accumulator to a power receiver coupled with the tire sensor which is mounted on the vehicle tire inner wall. WPT devices were designed based on induction electromagnetic coupling and can provide an output current up to 1A at 5 V. The proposed powering strategy was verified using a vehicle tire simulator model to emulate rotational motion. A voltage and current sensor module as well microcontroller and data logger modules were utilized as the load for the developed WPT system. The verification experimental and preliminary test results reveal that the proposed strategy can provide constant power to the load (in this case, the voltage is around 4.3 V and the current is around 21.1 mA) although the vehicle tire model was rotated at different speeds from 0 rpm to 800 rpm. The proposed system has the potential and feasibility for implementation in tire sensor power applications in the intelligent-tire system.
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Jog, Pranjal, and R. K. Kumawat. "Wireless Power Transfer With Inductive Coupling for EVs." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsir.313666.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to replace the fuel-based vehicles on the road that are polluting the environment soon. Wireless charging is based on a concept that was developed 30 years ago, which works on inductive power transmission. EVs of all classes and power levels may presently be charged from a single ground source using wireless charging systems, which are efficient and adaptable. The entire system can be automated by utilizing wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. Designing a new mathematical expression that can be utilized to determine a charging system's efficiency is the main goal of the current effort. Then the physical variables and efficiency parameters involved in the WPT system are optimally tuned by a revamped Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm, which is a conceptual improvement of the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm. Finally, an experimental investigation is carried out to prove the fact that proposed algorithm is capable of solving the test functions with greater accuracy and improved efficiency.
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MARINESCU, Andrei, Tiberiu TUDORACHE, and Adrian VINTILĂ. "MIMO INDUCTIVE COUPLING FOR HIGH POWER WIRELESS SYSTEMS." ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS) 2021, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2021.1.9.
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Transmitter component of high power inductive wireless transmission systems for electric busses and trucks should be embedded in the road to ensure a free circulation of vehicles and to ensure a good mechanical resistance of the pavement, in the charging region, similar to the rest of the road. In such application, ferrites cannot be envisaged as magnetic flux concentrators due to their fragility. An adequate solution to replace the ferrites consists in using magnetic concrete as magnetic field concentrator for wireless inductive transmission system. This solution is analyzed in this paper and used for an MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) inductive wireless power system based on Double-D structure coils, for a transferred power of 125 kW, corresponding to the standard project SAE J2954-2, sufficient for an electric bus for 50 persons. The Finite Element analysis carried out in the paper has the objective of determining the useful and parasitic magnetic coupling parameters of the proposed inductive power transfer system
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Miskiewicz, R., and A. Moradewicz. "Contactless power interface for plug-in electric vehicles in V2G systems." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-011-0069-z.
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Contactless power interface for plug-in electric vehicles in V2G systems In the paper a bi-directional power electronic interface based on an inductive coupled contactless energy transfer system for plug-in vehicles with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capability is presented. To minimize the total losses of the system, a series resonant compensation circuit is applied assuring Near to Zero-Current Switching (N2ZCS) condition for insulated-gate bipolar transistors. The analytical expression of the dc voltage and current gains as well as energy transfer efficiency is given and discussed. The system uses modified FPGA based integral control method adjusting resonant frequency and guarantees very fast and stable operation. Simulation and experimental results illustrating properties of the developed 40-60kHz switching frequency operated 15kW laboratory prototype are presented.
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Razek, Adel. "Review of Contactless Energy Transfer Concept Applied to Inductive Power Transfer Systems in Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073221.
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Nowadays the groundbreaking tools of contactless energy transfer reveals new opportunities to supply portable devices with electrical energy by eliminating cables and connectors. One of the important applications of such technology is the energy providing to electric and hybrid vehicles, (EV) and (HEV). These contribute to the use of cleaner energy to protect our environment. In the present paper, after exposing the contactless energy transfer (CET) available systems, we examine the appropriateness of these systems for EV. After such exploration, it is shown that the most suitable solution is the inductive power transfer (IPT) issue. We analyze such procedure in general and indicate its main usages. Next, we consider the practice of IPT in EV and the different option in the energy managing in EV and HEV concerning battery charging. Following, we review the modes of using the IPT in immobile case and in on-road running. Following, the modeling issues for the IPT system escorting the vehicle structure are then exposed. Lastly, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and human exposure analyses are assessed involving typical appliance.
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Mohamed, Ahmed A. S., Ahmed A. Shaier, Hamid Metwally, and Sameh I. Selem. "An Overview of Dynamic Inductive Charging for Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 5613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155613.
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Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology offers a promising solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging. It permits an EV to charge its energy storage system without any physical connections using magnetic coupling between inductive coils. EV inductive charging is an exemplary option due to the related merits such as: automatic operation, safety in harsh climatic conditions, interoperability, and flexibility. There are three visions to realize wireless EV charging: (i) static, in which charging occurs while EV is in long-term parking; (ii) dynamic (in-motion), which happens when EV is moving at high speed; and (iii) quasi-dynamic, which can occur when EV is at transient stops or driving at low speed. This paper introduces an extensive review for IPT systems in dynamic EV charging. It offers the state-of-the-art of transmitter design, including magnetic structure and supply arrangement. It explores and summarizes various types of compensation networks, power converters, and control techniques. In addition, the paper introduces the state-of-the-art of research and development activities that have been conducted for dynamic EV inductive charging systems, including challenges associated with the technology and opportunities to tackle these challenges. This study offers an exclusive reference to researchers and engineers who are interested in learning about the technology and highlights open questions to be addressed.
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Cirimele, Vincenzo, Fabio Freschi, and Paolo Guglielmi. "Scaling Rules at Constant Frequency for Resonant Inductive Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 4, 2018): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071754.
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Liorni, Ilaria, Oriano Bottauscio, Roberta Guilizzoni, Peter Ankarson, Jorge Bruna, Arya Fallahi, Stuart Harmon, and Mauro Zucca. "Assessment of Exposure to Electric Vehicle Inductive Power Transfer Systems: Experimental Measurements and Numerical Dosimetry." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114573.
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High-power inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for charging light and heavy electric vehicles pose safety concerns if they are installed in uncontrolled environments. Within the framework of the European Project EMPIR-16ENG08 MICEV, a wide experimental and numerical study was conducted to assess the exposure of the general public to IPT stray magnetic fields for two different exposure scenarios: (1) for an IPT model system derived from the SAE J2954 standard operating at 85 kHz for a light electric vehicle coupled with the model of a realistic car-body model; and (2) for an IPT model system with a maximum rated power of 50 kW at 27.8 kHz for a real minibus that was reproduced with some simplifications in two different 3D finite element method (FEM) simulation tools (Opera 3D and CST software). An ad hoc measurement survey was carried out at the minibus charging station to validate the simulations of the real bus station for both aligned and misaligned IPT coils. Based on this preliminary study, a safety factor was chosen to ensure a conservative dosimetric analysis with respect to the model approximations. As highlighted in this study, the vehicle-body serves as an efficient screen to reduce the magnetic field by at least three orders of magnitude close to the coils. By applying FEM, computed spatial distribution to the Sim4Life software, the exposure of three Virtual Population human anatomical phantoms (one adult, one child, and a newborn) was assessed. The three phantoms were placed in different postures and locations for both exposure scenarios. The basic restriction limits, established by the current guidelines, were never exceeded within the vehicles; however, the basic restrictions were exceeded when an adult crouched outside the minibus, i.e., near the coils, or when a newborn was placed in the same location. Borderline values were observed in the light car. In the case of the bus, limits coming from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) guidelines are never exceeded, while basic restrictions coming from the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines are exceeded up to 12% for an adult and up to 38% for a newborn. This paper presents novel dosimetric data generated in an IPT system for heavy vehicles and confirms some of the literature data on light vehicles.
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Wang, Yushan, Baowei Song, and Zhaoyong Mao. "Analysis and Experiment for Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Two Kinds Shielding Coils in EVs." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010277.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) with wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are convenient, but WPT technology will produce a strong stray electromagnetic field (EMF) in the surrounding space when the system works with high power. Shielding coils can reduce stray EMF efficiently without additional control, and they have advantages of being simple, light, and cheap. In this paper, the series-opposing structure is compared systematically with the inductive structure based on circuit theory and electromagnetic field theory. Simplified circuit models are proposed to give an intuitive and comprehensive analysis of transfer efficiency. Electric field analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) is used to explain the functional principles of shielding coils and to compare the EMF distribution excited by two structures. The simulation results show that both structures decrease the mutual inductance and perform better than the system without shielding coils when they have the same transfer efficiency. Further, the inductive structure system performs best. The most important between two structures is that the shielding effects is independent of turns of shielding coils for inductive structure, while it can be adjusted by changing turns of shielding coils for the series-opposing structure. The experimental results show that the EMF is reduced by 65% for the inductive structure and 40% for the series-opposing structure. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by experimental results.
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Delgado, Alberto, Derek Schoenberger, Jesus Angel Oliver, Pedro Alou, and Jose Antonio Cobos. "Design Guidelines of Inductive Coils Using a Polymer Bonded Magnetic Composite for Inductive Power Transfer Systems in Electric Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 8 (August 2020): 7884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.2965219.
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Okasili, Iman, Ahmad Elkhateb, and Timothy Littler. "A Review of Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging with a Focus on Inductive Coupling." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091355.
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This article classifies, describes, and critically compares different compensation schemes, converter topologies, control methods, and coil structures of wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicle battery charging, focusing on inductive power transfer. It outlines a path from the conception of the technology to the modern and cutting edge of the technology. First, the base principles of inductive coupling power transfer are supplied to give an appreciation for the operation and design of the systems. Then, compensation topologies and soft-switching techniques are introduced. Reimagined converter layouts that deviate from the typical power electronics topologies are introduced. Control methods are detailed alongside topologies, and the generalities of control are also included. The paper then addresses other essential aspects of wireless power transfer systems such as coil design, infrastructure, cost, and safety standards to give a broader context for the technology. Discussions and recommendations are also provided. This paper aims to explain the technology, its modern advancements, and its importance. With the need for electrification mounting and the automotive industry being at the forefront of concern, recent advances in wireless power transfer will inevitably play an essential role in the coming years to propel electric vehicles into the common mode of choice.
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Liu, Wei, Chao Hu, and Lijuan Xiang. "A Multimodal Modulation Scheme for Electric Vehicles’ Wireless Power Transfer Systems, Based on Secondary Impedance." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193055.
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This study aimed to investigate a multimodal modulation scheme that takes into account the wide range of output characteristics, numerous constraints, and complex working conditions in the wireless charging of electric vehicles. Key electrical parameters and variables in the secondary stages of electric vehicle wireless power transfer (EV-WPT) systems were evaluated based on capacitive, inductive, and resistive impedance working modes. The limiting duty cycle values, D, of the rectifier were derived by detecting the mutual inductance, M. This multimodal modulation was adopted, based on the secondary equivalent impedance phase, to control the impedance working condition and, hence, achieve optimal working performance. The proposed method can modulate the system performance before and during wireless transmission. The proposed control scheme was verified using a 10 kW EV-WPT experimental prototype under a capacitive impedance working mode with 8.5 kW power output. Our proposed method achieved full power output by modulating the impedance working conditions.
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Mahadi, Ismail Ahmat, and Jabbar Al-Fattah Yahaya. "Performance analysis of inductive power transfer using JMAG-designer." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.3570.
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Due to its advantage of sending electrical power from the transmitter source to the receiver load with no physical contact, wireless power transfer (WPT) has rapidly gained popularity in recent years. They can be used in a variety of applications, including induction cooking, mobile phone charging, radio frequency identification (RFID), and electric vehicles (EVs). Using JMAG-designer, a simulation of series-parallel inductive power transmission has been investigated in this research. This study aims to determine how the output power and efficiency change depending on how many coils turn in the transmitter and receiver. The number of coils turn in the transmitter is fixed which is 20 turns, the number of coils turn in the receiver is variable and ranges between 15 and 30, and the air gap or distance between the coupling coils is set at 10 cm. The selected frequency to be used in this simulation is between 10 and 50 kHz. According to the absorption result, the output power and efficiency rise when the receiver has more coil turns than the transmitter, and the output power and current rise along with an increase in resonance frequency.
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Molina-Martínez, Emilio J., Pedro Roncero-Sánchez, Francisco Javier López-Alcolea, Javier Vázquez, and Alfonso Parreño Torres. "Control Scheme of a Bidirectional Inductive Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles Integrated into the Grid." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101724.
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Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have become a very effective technology when charging the batteries of electric vehicles (EVs), with numerous research works devoted to this field in recent years. In the battery charging process, the EV consumes energy from the grid, and this concept is called Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V). Nevertheless, the EV can also be used to inject part of the energy stored in the battery into the grid, according to the so-called Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scheme. This bidirectional feature can be applied to a better development of distributed generation systems, thus improving the integration of EVs into the grid (including IPT-powered EVs). Over the past few years, some works have begun to pay attention to bidirectional IPT systems applied to EVs, focusing on aspects such as the compensation topology, the design of the magnetic coupler or the power electronic configuration. Nevertheless, the design of the control system has not been extensively studied. This paper is focused on the design of a control system applied to a bidirectional IPT charger, which can operate in both the G2V and V2G modes. The procedure design of the control system is thoroughly explained and classical control techniques are applied to tailor the control scheme. One of the advantages of the proposed control scheme is the robustness when there is a mismatch between the coupling factor used in the model and the real value. Moreover, the control system can be used to limit the peak value of the primary side current when this value increases, thus protecting the IPT system. Simulation results obtained with PSCADTM/EMTDCTM show the good performance of the overall system when working in both G2V and V2G modes, while experimental results validate the control system behavior in the G2V mode.
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Carbajal-Retana, Marco, Leobardo Hernandez-Gonzalez, Jazmin Ramirez-Hernandez, Juan Gerardo Avalos-Ochoa, Pedro Guevara-Lopez, Igor Loboda, and Luis Antonio Sotres-Jara. "Interleaved Buck Converter for Inductive Wireless Power Transfer in DC–DC Converters." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060949.
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The use of Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) varies from low-power applications such as mobile phones and tablets chargers to high-power electric vehicles chargers. DC–DC converters are used in IWPT systems, and their design needs to consider the demand of high efficiency in the power transfer. In this paper, a DC–DC power converter for IWPT is proposed. Its topology uses a DC–AC converter in the transmitter circuit and an AC–DC converter in the receptor. The transmitter has an interleaved coupled-Buck converter that integrates two Buck converters connected to a half inverter bridge and a parallel resonant load. The control strategy implemented for the semiconductor switching devices allows two operating modes to obtain a sinusoidal output voltage with a low distortion that makes it suitable in high-efficiency power transfer systems. To obtain a DC output voltage, a full wave bridge rectifier is used in the receptor circuit. The proposed topology and the control strategy are validated with simulation and experimental results for a 15 W prototype.
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Zhang, Yiming. "Design of High-Power Static Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Induction: An Overview." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00027.
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Recent years have witnessed the booming development of wireless power transfer (WPT) via magnetic induction, which has the advantages of convenience, safety, and feasibility to special occasions. WPT can be applied to electric vehicles and ships, where high-power WPT technology is required to shorten the charging time with the increasing battery capacity. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art development of high-power static WPT systems via magnetic induction. Selected prototypes and demos of high-power WPT systems are demonstrated with key transfer characteristics and solutions. Theoretical foundation of magnetically coupled WPT systems is analyzed and the maximum power capability of coils is derived. Compensation topologies suitable for high-power applications are discussed. Four basic planar coils, namely the bipolar coil, the square coil, the circular coil, and the rectangular coil, are simulated and compared. The state-of-the-art silicon carbide MOSFET development is introduced. The power electronics converters with power elevation techniques, including cascading, paralleling and inductive elevation, are investigated. Future development of high-power WPT systems is discussed.
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Elahi, Ahsan, Arslan Ahmed Amin, Umar Tabraiz Shami, Muhammad Tayyab Usman, and Muhammad Sajid Iqbal. "Efficient wireless charging system for supercapacitor-based electric vehicle using inductive coupling power transfer technique." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019886960.
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Wireless charging has become an emerging challenge to reduce the cost of a conventional plug-in charging system in electric vehicles especially for supercapacitors that are utilized for quick charging and low-energy demands. In this article, the design of an efficient wireless power transfer system has been presented using resonant inductive coupling technique for supercapacitor-based electric vehicle. Mathematical analysis, simulation, and experimental implementation of the proposed charging system have been carried out. Simulations of various parts of the systems are carried out in two different software, ANSYS MAXWELL and MATLAB. ANSYS MAXWELL has been used to calculate the various parameters for the transmitter and receiver coils such as self-inductance ( L), mutual inductance ( M), coupling coefficient ( K), and magnetic flux magnitude ( B). MATLAB has been utilized to calculate output power and efficiency of the proposed system using the mathematical relationships of these parameters. The experimental setup is made with supercapacitor banks, electric vehicle, wattmeters, controller, and frequency generator to verify the simulation results. The results show that the proposed technique has better power transfer efficiency of more than 75% and higher power transfer density using a smaller coil size with a bigger gap of 4–24 cm.
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Varikkottil, Sooraj, Febin Daya John Lionel, Mohan Krishna Srinivasan, Sheldon Williamson, Ramani Kannan, and Lila Iznita Izhar. "Role of Power Converters in Inductive Power Transfer System for Public Transport—A Comprehensive Review." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030508.
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IPT (inductive power transfer) charging is a highly flexible concept that allows for charging at any possible opportunity and is highly versatile for vehicles of all sizes. IPT wireless charging technology employs high-power inductive energy transfer between the components embedded into streets and the receiving equipment mounted below the vehicle. When the vehicle moves over the charging point, the contactless charging process is initiated between the components and the vehicle. In this work, the role of power converter topologies in IPT systems are studied for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications. Further, the predominant topologies are compared and analyzed in detail. The contingency in misalignment, loading and frequency shift are discussed for various converter topologies. The tolerance in misalignment poses serious challenges for wireless chargers in EVs. Therefore, there is currently a need to design a symmetric IPT system with multiple decoupled receiving coils. The significance of power inverter topologies for achieving resonance, as well as the generation of high-frequency supply, has been studied in detail. Experimental waveforms that are related to the explanations in this work are provided to substantiate the advantages regarding the converters.
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Cheng, Bo, Jianghua Lu, Yiming Zhang, Guang Pan, Rakan Chabaan, and Chunting Chris Mi. "A Metal Object Detection System with Multilayer Detection Coil Layouts for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112960.
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Non-radiative inductive power transfer is one of the most studied and commercially applied wireless charging technologies, where the magnetic field is employed as the medium for power transfer. In the wireless charging of electric vehicles, the strong magnetic field will heat up any metal items falling in the charging area due to eddy current induced in the metal objects, causing hazards like fire. Metal object detection (MOD) is necessary for the market penetration of inductive power transfer technology. This paper aims to improve the performance of systems that detect metal objects based on inductance variations. Two novel multi-layer detection coil layouts are proposed, which can not only cover the entire charging area without blind spots but can also be decoupled from the transmitter and receiver to minimize the influence of the magnetic field that is used for power transfer. Two mixed resonant circuits are proposed and proven to have better performance than parallel and series resonance. The impacts of the detection coil layer, trace width, and turn-number are investigated. The test results indicate that the MOD system can detect one-cent coins at various positions of the detection coil printed circuit board, and can also detect various inductance variations without blind spots in the processing circuit.
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Chen, Yafei, Hailong Zhang, Sung-Jun Park, and Dong-Hee Kim. "A Comparative Study of S-S and LCCL-S Compensation Topologies in Inductive Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2019): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101913.
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In inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, series–series (S-S) and double capacitances and inductances–series (LCCL-S) compensation topologies are widely utilized. In this study, the basic characteristics of S-S and LCCL-S are analyzed and compared in the tuning state. In addition, considering the universality of detuning, and because the two topologies have the same secondary structures, the voltage and current stress on components, input impedances, voltage gains, and output powers of S-S and LCCL-S are mainly analyzed and compared in the detuning state, which is caused by variations in the secondary compensation capacitance. To compare the efficiency of the two topologies and verify the comparative analysis, comparative experiments based on a 2.4-kW IPT experimental prototype are conducted. The comparative result shows that the S-S compensation topology is more sensitive to load variations and less sensitive to secondary compensation capacitance variations than LCCL-S. Both in the tuning and detuning states, the efficiency of the S-S topology is higher in high-power electric vehicle (EV) applications, and the efficiency of LCCL-S is higher in low-power.
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Huynh, Phuoc Sang, Deepak Ronanki, Deepa Vincent, and Sheldon S. Williamson. "Overview and Comparative Assessment of Single-Phase Power Converter Topologies of Inductive Wireless Charging Systems." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092150.
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The acquisition of inductive power transfer (IPT) technology in commercial electric vehicles (EVs) alleviates the inherent burdens of high cost, limited driving range, and long charging time. In EV wireless charging systems using IPT, power electronic converters play a vital role to reduce the size and cost, as well as to maximize the efficiency of the overall system. Over the past years, significant research studies have been conducted by researchers to improve the performance of power conversion systems including the power converter topologies and control schemes. This paper aims to provide an overview of the existing state-of-the-art of power converter topologies for IPT systems in EV charging applications. In this paper, the widely adopted power conversion topologies for IPT systems are selected and their performance is compared in terms of input power factor, input current distortion, current stress, voltage stress, power losses on the converter, and cost. The single-stage matrix converter based IPT systems advantageously adopt the sinusoidal ripple current (SRC) charging technique to remove the intermediate DC-link capacitors, which improves system efficiency, power density and reduces cost. Finally, technical considerations and future opportunities of power converters in EV wireless charging applications are discussed.
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Amry, Youssef, Elhoussin Elbouchikhi, Franck Le Gall, Mounir Ghogho, and Soumia El Hani. "Electric Vehicle Traction Drives and Charging Station Power Electronics: Current Status and Challenges." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166037.
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With the need for more environmentally friendly transportation and the wide deployment of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations have become a major issue for car manufacturers and a real challenge for researchers all over the world. Indeed, the high cost of battery energy storage, the limited EV autonomy and battery lifespan, the battery charging time, the deployment cost of a fast charging infrastructure, and the significant impact on the power grid are the origin of several research projects focused on advanced power electronics topologies and the optimization of the EV charging stations in terms of power transfer and geographical location. Three charging levels can be distinguished, which differ in terms of output power and charging time. The higher the level of charging, the faster the charging process, as more power is delivered to the vehicle at the expense of power quality issues and disturbances. Moreover, three types of charging systems can be distinguished, which are inductive recharging (contactless power transfer), conductive charging systems, and battery swapping. Additionally, EVs encompass fuel cell (FC) EVs, which uses hydrogen as primary energy resources, which is nowadays under extensive research activities in academia and industry. This review paper aims at presenting a state of the art review of major advances in power electronics architectures for EVs traction drives, and battery-based EVs charging stations. Specifically, the focus is made on light-duty electric vehicles drivetrain power electronics and charging stations specifications, the proposed power electronics solutions, the advantages and drawbacks of all these technologies, and perspectives for future research works in terms of smart EV charging and up-to-date solutions for power system disturbances mitigation.
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Ijemaru, Gerald K., Kenneth L. M. Ang, and Jasmine K. P. Seng. "Mobile Collectors for Opportunistic Internet of Things in Smart City Environment with Wireless Power Transfer." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060697.
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In the context of Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart City (SC) applications, Mobile Data Collectors (MDCs) can be opportunistically exploited as wireless energy transmitters to recharge the energy-constrained IoT sensor-nodes placed within their charging vicinity or coverage area. The use of MDCs has been well studied and presents several advantages compared to the traditional methods that employ static sinks. However, data collection and transmission from the hundreds of thousands of sensors sparsely distributed across virtually every smart city has raised some new challenges. One of these concerns lies in how these sensors are being powered as majority of the IoT sensors are extremely energy-constrained owing to their smallness and mode of deployments. It is also evident that sensor-nodes closer to the sinks dissipate their energy faster than their counterparts. Moreover, battery recharging or replacement is impractical and incurs very large operational costs. Recent breakthrough in wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies allows the transfer of energy to the energy-hungry IoT sensor-nodes wirelessly. WPT finds applications in medical implants, electric vehicles, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), mobile phones, and so on. The present study highlights the use of mobile collectors (data mules) as wireless power transmitters for opportunistic IoT-SC operations. Specifically, mobile vehicles used for data collection are further exploited as wireless power transmitters (wireless battery chargers) to wirelessly recharge the energy-constrained IoT nodes placed within their coverage vicinity. This paper first gives a comprehensive survey of the different aspects of wireless energy transmission technologies—architecture, energy sources, IoT energy harvesting modes, WPT techniques and applications that can be exploited for SC scenarios. A comparative analysis of the WPT technologies is also highlighted to determine the most energy-efficient technique for IoT scenarios. We then propose a WPT scheme that exploits vehicular networks for opportunistic IoT-SC operations. Experiments are conducted using simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and to investigate WPT efficiency of a power-hungry opportunistic IoT network for different trade-off factors.
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Solouma, Nahed H., Haile Baye Kassahun, Abdulhameed S. Alsharafi, Abeer Syed, Michael R. Gardner, and Sadeq S. Alsharafi. "An Efficient Design of Inductive Transmitter and Receiver Coils for Wireless Power Transmission." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030564.
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Wireless power transmission (WPT) is commonly used today in many important daily applications, such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, and implanted medical devices. The transmitter and receiver coils are essential elements in the WPT system, and the coupling coefficient between these coils plays an important role in increasing the power transfer efficiency. In this work, we introduce a new approach to optimizing the coupling coefficient between the transmitter and the receiver coils by changing the geometries and locations of the coil turns. In the optimization process, the geometry of the turns varies from a rhombus to a circular and then a rectangular shape according to a quasi-elliptical parameter value. The Neuman formula is used to calculate the self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling coefficient for each specific geometry and turn location. The configuration with the highest coupling coefficient is then selected at the end of the optimization process. The final WPT coils are tested and verified using Ansys software through electromagnetic and AC analysis simulations. The results show that the new approach could achieve smooth and easily manufacturable coils with higher coupling coefficients, thereby increasing the power transfer efficiency of WPT.
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Yang, Xu, Junfeng Yang, Jing Fan, Bao Wang, and Dingzhen Li. "A Magnetic Field Containment Method for an IPT System with Multiple Transmitting Coils Based on Reflective Properties." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030653.
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Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems with multiple transmitting coils are mainly used in specific scenarios, such as IPT sharing platforms and dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles, etc. However, it faces problems of electromagnetic field leakage and low efficiency. A new magnetic field containment method based on reflective properties is proposed to solve the above shortcomings. Firstly, the reflective properties and performance figures of the IPT system with a unified passive compensation network are described and derived. Then, an S−LCL topology appropriate for the time−varying coupling IPT system is presented, where the IPT system’s transmitter consists of multiple coils that are compatible with one or more moving receivers and is powered by an inverter. Then, magnetic field focusing, power transfer and overall efficiency are analyzed and simulated. Finally, an experimental prototype is built to validate the feasibility of the proposed system. The experimental results show that the proposed method can increase the power transfer of the coupled transmitting coil and reduce the magnetic field leakage of the standby transmitting coils without complex shielding measures, switch, position detection and communication circuits.
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Ota, Ryosuke, Dannisworo Sudarmo Nugroho, and Nobukazu Hoshi. "A Consideration on Maximum Efficiency of Resonant Circuit of Inductive Power Transfer System with Soft-Switching Operation." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10030054.
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By using bi-directional inductive power transfer (IPT) systems as battery chargers for electric vehicles (EVs), battery charging operations become convenient and safe. However, IPT systems have problems such as occurrences of much electromagnetic noise and power loss because the converters of IPT systems are driven in high frequency by tens of kHz. To solve these problems, there is a case where the soft-switching technique needs to be applied to the converters of IPT systems. However, in soft-switching operation, the power factor of the resonant circuit becomes lower, resulting in a lower resonant circuit efficiency. In previous works, when the soft-switching technique was applied to the converters, the resonant circuit had not always been able to be operated with high efficiency because the influence caused by soft-switching operation had not been considered. For this reason, there was a case where the efficiency of the overall system with soft-switching operation became lower than the efficiency in hard-switching operation. Therefore, in this paper, the influence on the efficiency of the resonant circuit caused by the soft-switching operation is clarified by the theoretical analysis and experiments; then, the guideline for improving the efficiency of IPT systems is shown. As a result, in the experiments, it could be understood that the efficiency of the overall system with soft-switching operation becomes higher than the efficiency in hard-switching operation when the operating point of the resonant circuit was close to the requirement guideline, which is shown by using the primary-side voltage and the secondary-side voltage of the resonant circuit. Therefore, it is suggested that the efficiency of IPT systems could be improved by properly regulating the primary-side direct current (DC) voltage.
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Castiglia, Vincenzo, Nicola Campagna, Rosario Miceli, Fabio Viola, and Frede Blaabjerg. "A Quasi-Z-Source-Based Inductive Power Transfer System for Constant Current/Constant Voltage Charging Applications." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232900.
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This article proposes a quasi-Z-source (qZS)-based Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system for Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging applications. The IPT systems use the magnetic field to transfer power between two coils wirelessly, achieving improved reliability, safety and less environmental impact. Compared to the conventional IPT system, the proposed qZS-IPT system simultaneously achieves DC/DC regulation and DC/AC conversion through a single-stage conversion, thus lowering the cost and complexity of the system. Moreover, the reliability of the system is improved thanks to the qZS network shoot-though immunity and the reduced number of switches. To ensure the battery efficient charging and long service life, the constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) method is considered. With the proposed innovative modulation scheme, the qZS can easily change between buck and boost modes, respectively, lowering or increasing the secondary side current. A theoretical analysis is presented for system design. Simulation results based on a 25 kW (200 V/135 A) low duty EV charger are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Experimental tests are performed on a 150 W scale-down prototype to validate the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed qZS-IPT system for CC/CV chargers.
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Li, Guangyao, Cheol-Hee Jo, Chang-Su Shin, Seungjin Jo, and Dong-Hee Kim. "A Load-Independent Current/Voltage IPT Charger with Secondary Side-Controlled Hybrid-Compensated Topology for Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 10899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110899.
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The inductive power transfer (IPT) method is an emerging charging technology that has some advantages over traditional plug-in systems. For example, it is safer, more convenient, and efficient, leading to its widespread acceptance. To design an IPT charger capable of providing a load-independent output, this paper proposes a secondary side-controlled hybrid-compensated topology used in the IPT system to charge the battery with a constant current/voltage output. According to an analysis of the Π-type network, effectively using the existing configuration compensation parameters and adding two AC switches to perform hybrid-topology switching reduces the system’s passive components. Additionally, the proposed IPT charger can easily realize zero-voltage switching. The secondary side-based control omits wireless communication links. Moreover, the control strategy is relatively simple, enhancing the system’s reliability. We designed a 1.4 kW experimental prototype with a 15 cm air gap between the transmitter and receiver to verify the proposed hybrid-compensated IPT system’s feasibility.
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Košík, Michal, Aaron D. Scher, and Jiří Lettl. "Novel Method of Coupling Coefficient Estimation Based on the Bifurcation Phenomena in Inductive Power Transfer." Electronics 10, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202548.
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Inductive power transfer (IPT) applications, such as stationary charging of electric vehicles (EVs), at least moderate coupling between the coils to achieve high efficiency, but the coefficient k typically varies between of 0.1 to 0.4, depending on the displacement of the coils according to SAE J2954. Thus, accurate and reliable methods for estimation of k are required for positioning of the EV to achieve optimal alignment with the charging pad. Additionally, in IPT, numerous control strategies are available for regulating output power and optimizing system efficiency that require an accurate estimate of the mutual inductance or k. However, existing estimation methods tend to require detailed a-priori information of a large number of circuit parameters, or they need measurement of currents or voltages in both primary and secondary sides. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of a novel, primary-side method to estimate k, which is based solely on the frequency response of the input phase while operating the system in bifurcation. The method does not require any additional measurements of the system parameters. The theoretical background of the method is presented together with the description of the measurement procedure. The method is experimentally verified and compared with two currently used estimation methods. According to the presented experimental evaluation, the proposed method estimates k with an error of 3.62% with respect to the reference over the evaluated range of 0.08 to 0.36. In addition, we demonstrate that the presented method is resilient to detuning.
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López-Alcolea, Francisco Javier, Javier Vázquez, Emilio J. Molina-Martínez, Pedro Roncero-Sánchez, and Alfonso Parreño Torres. "Monte-Carlo Analysis of the Influence of the Electrical Component Tolerances on the Behavior of Series-Series- and LCC-Compensated IPT Systems." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143663.
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The use of compensation networks increases the power transfer capability of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems in the battery charging process of electric vehicles (EVs). Among the proposed topologies, the Series-Series (SS) and the LCC networks are currently in widespread use in wireless battery chargers based on IPT systems. This paper focuses on the study of the behavior of both compensation topologies when they are detuned due to the tolerances of their components. To compare their performances, a Monte-Carlo analysis was carried out using Simulink and MATLAB. The tolerance values, assigned independently to each component, fall within a [ − 20 , 20] % range according to a normal distribution. Histograms and scatter plots were used for comparison purposes. The analysis reveals that the LCC network allows a tighter control over the currents that flow through the magnetic coupler coils. Moreover, it was found that the increments in those currents can be limited to some extent by selecting capacitors featuring low tolerance values in the LCC compensation. Nevertheless, the SS network remains an appropriate choice if size and cost are essential constraints in a given design.
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Stoyka, Kateryna, Antonio Vitale, Massimo Costarella, Alfonso Avella, Mario Pucciarelli, and Paolo Visconti. "Development of a Digitally Controlled Inductive Power Transfer System with Post-Regulation for Variable Load Demand." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010058.
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Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) is an emerging technology enabling a contactless charging process in manifold applications such as electric vehicles, wearable and portable devices, or biomedical applications. Such technology can be profitably used to develop enhanced electronic solutions in the framework of smart cities, homes and smart workplaces. This paper presents the development and realization of a series–series compensated IPT System (IPTS) followed by a post-regulator implemented by means of a DC–DC converter. Such a system is modeled through a first harmonic approximation method, and a sensitivity analysis of the IPTS performance is carried out with respect to the variations of the primary inverter switching frequency and phase-shift angle. As an element of novelty of this work, the bias points are determined which allow the efficiency maximization while ensuring system controllability. An enhanced dynamic modeling of the system is then performed by means of a coupled mode theory, including the inverter phase-shift modulation and extending its validity to whatever operating frequency. A digital control of the post-regulator is implemented by means of a commercial low-cost microcontroller enabling the output voltage regulation under both fixed and variable load conditions through a voltage mode control technique. An IPTS prototype is eventually realized, which is able to correctly perform the output voltage regulation at the desired nominal value of 12 V for static resistive loads in the range [5, 24] Ω, yielding the output power in the range [6, 28.8] W and the experimental efficiencies going from 72.1% (for 24 Ω) to 91.7% (for 5 Ω). The developed system can also be effectively used to deliver up to 35 W output power to variable loads, as demonstrated during the battery charging test. Finally, an excellent output voltage regulation is ascertained for load transients between 5 Ω and 24 Ω, with limited over- and undershoot amplitudes (less than 3% of the nominal output voltage), thus enabling the use of the proposed system for both fixed and variable loads in the framework of smart homes and workplaces applications.
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Chirag Vinit Garg, Aman Sinha, Ayush Singh, and Vatsal Singh. "On-Road Efficient Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, May 16, 2022, 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-3720.
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With the growing popularity of Electric Vehicles (EVs), the need for a simple and robust charging scheme has become necessary. Consumers are dissatisfied with the typical recharging method at home or in station parks because it takes a long time to recharge. On a highway, waiting for a place to recharge the vehicle is not always a good idea. The super-fast recharge station has received positive feedback from drivers in terms of charging time; nevertheless, this is not always recommended, particularly in terms of battery security and durability. WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) technology has many inherent advantages over traditional means of power transfer. It has been proposed for use in a wide range of applications, ranging from low power biomedical implants (several watts) to electrical vehicle chargers (several kilowatts) to railway vehicles (several megawatts), with efficiency up to 95% or higher in some prototype systems. Capacitive coupling, magnetic coupling, frequency resonance matching, microwaves, lasers, and ultrasound waves are all methods for transferring electric power across a specified distance through air. However, resonant magnetic coupling appeared to be the most practical and promising method to date, with resonant magnetic coupling being used in the majority of medium to high power WPT systems constructed to date. In this project, a wireless charging system for lightweight electric vehicle is designed, built and tested. The problem with electrical vehicles is that it requires too much time to recharge the battery. Dynamic Charging could be the much anticipated concept that replaces the conventional method of charging of battery and reduces the time taken to change the battery. A solution to directly charge EVs as they travel along the highway will eliminate the two biggest barriers, travelling range anxiety and cost. This project is carried out using MATLAB Simulink software for simulation of the circuit. This project based on future infrastructure of EV’s technology.
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Mohammed, Marwan H., Yasir M. Y. Ameen, and Ahmed A. S. Mohamed. "Dish-Shape Magnetic Flux Concentrator for Inductive Power Transfer Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, 2020, 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.9.6.455-461.
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Recently, safety concerns related to electro-magnetic fields (EMFs) in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for electric vehicles applications are pointed out. Magnetic flux concentrators are commonly used in the system to direct magnetic field lines and enhance the power transfer capability and efficiency. This article explores the performance of an IPT system for two different shapes of magnetic flux concentrators in terms of magnetic field distribution and power transmission efficiency. The dish-shape and plate-shape flux concentrators are examined and compared with a coreless IPT system. A simulation study based on three-dimensional finite-element analysis is carried out to design the magnetic couplers and analyze the IPT system’s performance. The simulation results are verified analytically and good matches are achieved.
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Kim, Seho, Maedeh Amirapour, Tharindu Dharmakeerthi, Vahid Zahiri Barsari, Grant A. Covic, Simon Bickerton, and Duleepa J. Thrimawithana. "Thermal Evaluation of an Inductive Power Transfer Pad for Charging Electric Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3055186.
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Faveto, Alberto, Luigi Panza, Giulia Bruno, Vincenzo Cirimele, Saverio Stefano Furio, and Franco Lombardi. "Efficient management of industrial electric vehicles by means of static and dynamic wireless power transfer systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, October 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10216-0.
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AbstractIndustrial companies are moving toward the electrification of equipment and processes, in line with the broader energy transition taking place across the economy. Particularly, the energy efficiency and, consequently, the reduction of environmental pollution of intralogistics activities have become a competitive element and are now an actual research and development objective. A wireless power transfer is a contactless electrical energy transmission technology based on the magnetic coupling between coils installable under the ground level and a coil mounted under the vehicle floor, and it represents an excellent solution to decrease the demand for batteries by reducing vehicle downtimes during the recharge. This work aims to define a methodology to determine the optimal positioning of wireless charging units across the warehouse, both for static and dynamic recharging. To this aim, firstly, a mathematical model of the warehouse is proposed to describe transfers and storage/retrieval operations executed by the forklifts. Then, an integer linear programming problem is applied to find the best possible layout of the charging infrastructures. The optimal solution respects the energetic requirements given by the customer and minimizes the overall system cost. The proposed approach was applied to optimize the installation in a real-size warehouse of a tire manufacturing company. Several scenarios were computer generated through discrete event simulation in order to test the optimizer in different warehouse conditions. The obtained results show that integrated dynamic and static WPT systems ensure a constant state of charge of the electric vehicles during their operations.
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Kuka, Sokol, Kai Ni, and Mohammed Alkahtani. "A Review of Methods and Challenges for Improvement in Efficiency and Distance for Wireless Power Transfer Applications." Power Electronics and Drives, February 17, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2020-0001.
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AbstractOver the past few years, interest and research in wireless power transfer (WPT) have been rapidly incrementing, and as an effect, this is a remarkable technology in many electronic devices, electric vehicles and medical devices. However, most of the applications have been limited to very close distances because of efficiency concerns. Even though the inductive power transfer technique is becoming relatively mature, it has not shown near-field results more than a few metres away transmission. This review is focused on two fundamental aspects: the power efficiency and the transmission distance in WPT systems. Introducing the principles and the boundaries, scientific articles will be reviewed and discussed in terms of their methods and respective challenges. This paper also shows more important results in efficiency and distance obtained, clearly explaining the theory behind and obstacles to overcome. Furthermore, an overlook in other aspects and the latest research studies for this technology will be given. Moreover, new issues have been raised including safety and security.
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Ann, Sangjoon, and Byoung Kuk Lee. "Analysis of Impedance Tuning Control and Synchronous Switching Technique for a Semi-Bridgeless Active Rectifier in Inductive Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3049546.
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Haussmann, Norman, Robin Mease, Martin Zang, Steven Stroka, Hendrik Hensel, and Markus Clemens. "Efficient high-resolution electric and magnetic field simulations inside the human body in the vicinity of wireless power transfer systems with varying models." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, November 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2022-0312.
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Purpose Magneto-quasi-static fields emanated by inductive charging systems can be potentially harmful to the human body. Recent projects, such as TALAKO and MILAS, use the technique of wireless power transfer (WPT) to charge batteries of electrically powered vehicles. To ensure the safety of passengers, the exposing magnetic flux density needs to be measured in situ and compared to reference limit values. However, in the design phase of these systems, numerical simulations of the emanated magnetic flux density are inevitable. This study aims to present a tool along with a workflow, based on the Scaled-Frequency Finite Difference Time-Domain and Co-Simulation Scalar Potential Finite Difference schemes, to determine body-internal magnetic flux densities, electric field strengths and induced voltages into cardiac pacemakers. The simulations should be time efficient, with lower computational costs and minimal human workload. Design/methodology/approach The numerical assessment of the human exposure to magneto-quasi-static fields is computationally expensive, especially when considering high-resolution discretization models of vehicles and WPT systems. Incorporating human body models into the simulation further enhances the number of mesh cells by multiple millions. Hence, the number of simulations including all components and human models needs to be limited while efficient numerical schemes need to be applied. Findings This work presents and compares four exposure scenarios using the presented numerical methods. By efficiently combining numerical methods, the simulation time can be reduced by a factor of 3.5 and the required storage space by almost a factor of 4. Originality/value This work presents and discusses an efficient way to determine the exposure of human beings in the vicinity of wireless power transfer systems that saves computer simulation resources and human workload.